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RNAi as a Foliar Spray: Efficiency and Challenges to Field Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126639. [PMID: 35743077 PMCID: PMC9224206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool that is being increasingly utilized for crop protection against viruses, fungal pathogens, and insect pests. The non-transgenic approach of spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), which relies on spray application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to induce RNAi, has come to prominence due to its safety and environmental benefits in addition to its wide host range and high target specificity. However, along with promising results in recent studies, several factors limiting SIGS RNAi efficiency have been recognized in insects and plants. While sprayed dsRNA on the plant surface can produce a robust RNAi response in some chewing insects, plant uptake and systemic movement of dsRNA is required for delivery to many other target organisms. For example, pests such as sucking insects require the presence of dsRNA in vascular tissues, while many fungal pathogens are predominately located in internal plant tissues. Investigating the mechanisms by which sprayed dsRNA enters and moves through plant tissues and understanding the barriers that may hinder this process are essential for developing efficient ways to deliver dsRNA into plant systems. In this review, we assess current knowledge of the plant foliar and cellular uptake of dsRNA molecules. We will also identify major barriers to uptake, including leaf morphological features as well as environmental factors, and address methods to overcome these barriers.
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Kunte N, McGraw E, Bell S, Held D, Avila LA. Prospects, challenges and current status of RNAi through insect feeding. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:26-41. [PMID: 31419022 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference is a phenomenon in which the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into cells triggers the degradation of the complementary messenger RNA in a sequence-specific manner. Suppressing expression of vital genes could lead to insect death, therefore this technology has been considered as a potential strategy for insect pest control. There are three main routes of dsRNA administration into insects: (i) injections to the hemolymph, (ii) topical, and (iii) feeding. In this review, we focus on dsRNA administration through feeding. We summarize novel strategies that have been developed to improve the efficacy of this method, such as the use of nano-based formulations, engineered microorganisms, and transgenic plants. We also expose the hurdles that have to be overcome in order to use this technique as a reliable pest management method. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kunte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Erin McGraw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sydney Bell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - David Held
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Luz-Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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3
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An efficient tRNA cleaver without additional co-reactants at physiological condition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:8-12. [PMID: 30661788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A square-planar Cu(II) complex, [Cu(Me-Im)(gly-gly)]∙H2O 1 (Me-Im = 1-methyl-imidazole, gly-gly = glycylglycinato), has been prepared and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray. The complex 1 was tested for its ability to the transfer RNA by UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), capillary electrophoresis (CE). Comparative spectroscopic analysis shows a maximum fluorescence-quenching ratio of 0.41 of 1 upon binding to RNA, which gives a binding constant (Kb) of 1.24 × 105 M-1. Cyclic voltammograms of complex 1 attached on the mercaptoethanol (-SH) linked Au electrodes in phosphate buffer solution give a well-defined and quasi-reversible redox couple, indicate complex 1 can efficiently degrade the high-order structure of RNA in physiological conditions (pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C) without additional co-reactants, yielding a digestion coefficient more than 90% within 113 h. This study targeting the genetic biomacromolecule degradation based on the strong binding of chemical nucleases paves an important way to the novel materials in the decontamination of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and viruses) at mild condition.
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Jian FF, Liu E, Li Z. Structural and functional study for tRNA cleavage by Glycine o-phenanthroline Cu II complex, [CuCl(phen)(gly)]∙4H 2O. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:354-358. [PMID: 30587337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The o-phenanthroline gly Cu(II) complex, [CuCl(phen)(gly)]∙4H2O 1, has been prepared and structurally characterized. The transfer RNA binding and degradation properties of complex 1 have been investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. The results showed that 1 can efficiently cleave tRNA in the physiological conditions (pH 7.0, and 37 °C), and has a digestion coefficient nearly up to 100% within 75 h. AFM image for 1/RNA exhibited arrayed tandem repetitions of tRNA segments. This study is targeting the destruction of the high-order structures of genetic biomacromolecules which paves an important way to novel materials for the decontamination of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and viruses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Jian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China.
| | - E Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Zhuangyu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China.
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Lamani DS, Badiger SG, Venugopala Reddy KR, Bhojya Naik HS. Macrocyclic complexes: synthesis, characterization, antitumor and DNA binding studies. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 37:498-517. [PMID: 30188769 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1498515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present paper deals with the synthesis of novel macrocyclic complexes of the type [MLX]X, where [(M = Co(II) (1), and Ni(II) (2) X = (Cl2)]. The complexes are synthesized by the reaction of ligand(L)diquinolineno[1,3,7,9]tetraazacyclododecine-7,15-ethane(14H,16H)-benzene with the corresponding metal salts. The synthesized complexes are thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, Mass and electronic spectra. The complexes (1) and (2) were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell (MCF-7). MTT cytotoxicity studies shows both the complexes are most effective. The binding properties of these complexes with calf thymus-DNA were studied by absorption, emission spectra, viscosity measurements, and thermal denaturation studies. On binding to CT-DNA, the absorption spectrum undergoes bathochromic and hypochromic shifts. The absorption spectral results indicate that the intrinsic binding constant (Kb) are 4.8 × 105 M-1 for (1) and 3.9 × 105 M-1 for (2) respectively, suggesting that complex (1) binds more strongly to CT-DNA than complex (2). The viscosity measurement results revealed the viscosity of sonicated rod like DNA fragments increased when the complex was added to the solution of CT-DNA. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes are screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devappa S Lamani
- a Department of Chemistry , Basaveshawar Science College, Rani Channamma University , Bagalkot , Karnataka , India
| | - S G Badiger
- a Department of Chemistry , Basaveshawar Science College, Rani Channamma University , Bagalkot , Karnataka , India
| | - K R Venugopala Reddy
- b Department of Chemistry , Industrial Chemistry VSK University , Bellari , India
| | - H S Bhojya Naik
- c Department of Studies in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Science , Jnana Sahyadri Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta , Karnataka , India
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Liu B, Chai J, Hu X, Zhang Y, Nan J, Yang B. Synthesis, structure, stability and DNA cleavage activities of three Cr(III) complexes with salicylate and ammonium ligands. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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SARDROODI JABERJAHANBIN, RASTKAR ALIREZA, YOUSEFNIA NEGARRAD, AZAMAT JAFAR. COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TYPE OF DENSITY FUNCTIONAL IN THE DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS IN A Cu COMPLEX. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633613500661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of short-range electron correlation, long-range electron exchange, local and nonlocal parts of density, higher order gradients of density, and adding some percentage of Hartree–Fock exchange to the functional on the prediction of geometrical parameters were investigated. A copper complex namely 1,2-bis(1,4,7-triaza-1-cyclononyl) ethane copper (II) with Jahn–Teller distortion in octahedral geometry was used to evaluate the performance of 50 commonly available density functionals. The standard 3-21G basis set was used for all light elements, while pseudo potential LANL2DZ was used for the copper atom. The best bond lengths and bond angles were obtained using M05-2x and OP functionals respectively. Also in order to more accurate survey the performance of B3LYP, we used this functional with two all-electron basis sets (6-31G and 3-21G) and three basis sets involving effective core potentials (LANL2DZ/3-21G, LANL2DZ, and LACVP).
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Affiliation(s)
- JABER JAHANBIN SARDROODI
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, BP 5375171379 Tabriz, Iran
| | - ALIREZA RASTKAR
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, BP 5375171379 Tabriz, Iran
| | - NEGAR RAD YOUSEFNIA
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, BP 5375171379 Tabriz, Iran
| | - JAFAR AZAMAT
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, BP 5375171379 Tabriz, Iran
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Ledin PA, Kolishetti N, Boons GJ. Multi-Functionalization of Polymers by Strain-Promoted Cycloadditions. Macromolecules 2013; 46:7759-7768. [PMID: 24511157 PMCID: PMC3916133 DOI: 10.1021/ma400913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here a synthetic route to oxime, azide and nitrone-bearing copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization of 4-vinylbenzaldehyde and 1-(chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene with styrene. The azide and nitrone moieties could be employed in strain-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with various functionalized dibenzocyclooctynols (DIBO) for metal-free post-functionalization of the polymers. In situ oxidation of the oximes with hypervalent iodine gave nitrile oxides, which could also be employed as 1,3-dipoles for facile cycloadditions with DIBO derivatives. Kinetic measurements demonstrated that the pendant nitrile oxides reacted approximately twenty times faster compared to similar cycloadditions with azides. A block copolymer, containing azide and oxime groups in segregated blocks, served as a scaffold for attachment of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties by sequential strain-promoted alkyne-azide and strain-promoted alkyne-nitrile oxide cycloadditions. This sequential bi-functionalization approach made it possible to prepare in a controlled manner multi-functional polymers that could self-assemble into well-defined nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr A. Ledin
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602
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9
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Joy RA, Arman H, Xiang S, Musie GT. Synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic and electrochemical studies of two copper complexes with carboxylate rich dinucleating ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Copper(II) complexes of terpyridine derivatives: A footstep towards development of antiproliferative agent for breast cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Desbouis D, Troitsky IP, Belousoff MJ, Spiccia L, Graham B. Copper(II), zinc(II) and nickel(II) complexes as nuclease mimetics. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Macrocyclic nickel(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, superoxide scavenging activity and DNA-binding. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Samanta K, Srivastava N, Saha S, Panda G. Inter- and intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction and metal complexation study: synthesis of S-amino acids derived chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, benzo-annulated [9]-N3 peraza, [12]-N4 peraza-macrocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1553-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Tjioe L, Joshi T, Forsyth CM, Moubaraki B, Murray KS, Brugger J, Graham B, Spiccia L. Phosphodiester Cleavage Properties of Copper(II) Complexes of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane Ligands Bearing Single Alkyl Guanidine Pendants. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:939-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2019814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tjioe
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Tanmaya Joshi
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Vic 3800, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Joël Brugger
- School of Earth and Environmental
Sciences, Centre of Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX), The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA 5005,
Australia
- Department of Mineralogy, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug
Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Vic 3800, Australia
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15
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Qian J, Wang LP, Tian JL, Xie CZ, Yan SP. A copper(II) complex of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane featuring acetate pendant: an efficient DNA cleavage agent. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.642798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- a College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387 , P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- b Department of Chemistry , Baoding College , Baoding 071000 , P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lei Tian
- c Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Xie
- d College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ping Yan
- c Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P.R. China
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Dhanalakshmi T, Loganathan R, Suresh E, Stoeckli-Evans H, Palaniandavar M. Interaction of copper(II) complexes with bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate: Structural and spectral studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Zhang Q, Xiang Y, Yang R, Si J, Guo H. Effective Homogeneous Hydrolysis of Phosphodiester and DNA Cleavage by Chitosan-copper Complex. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Cheng Q, Chen J, Zhou H, Pan Z. Syntheses, crystal structures, and properties of two macrocyclic dinuclear Ni(II) complexes bearing 2-pyridylmethyl pendant-arms. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.563446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q.R. Cheng
- a School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, P.R. China
- b Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - J.Z. Chen
- a School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - H. Zhou
- b Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Z.Q. Pan
- b Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan, P.R. China
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Dey S, Sarkar S, Zangrando E, Evans HS, Sutter JP, Chattopadhyay P. 2-Benzoylpyridine and copper(II) ion in basic medium: Hydroxide nucleophilic addition stabilized by metal complexation, reactivity, crystal structure, DNA binding study and magnetic behavior. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Tang SP, Chen S, Wu GF, Chen HY, Mao ZW, Ji LN. Ester catalytic hydrolysis by a tridentate N,N′,N″-copper bridged cyclodextrin dimer. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Anbu S, Kandaswamy M. Electrochemical, magnetic, catalytic, DNA binding and cleavage studies of new mono and binuclear copper(II) complexes. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Tjioe L, Joshi T, Brugger J, Graham B, Spiccia L. Synthesis, Structure, and DNA Cleavage Properties of Copper(II) Complexes of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane Ligands Featuring Pairs of Guanidine Pendants. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:621-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1018136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tjioe
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Tanmaya Joshi
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Joël Brugger
- School of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Vic 3800, Australia
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Jayaprakash KN, Peng CG, Butler D, Varghese JP, Maier MA, Rajeev KG, Manoharan M. Non-Nucleoside Building Blocks for Copper-Assisted and Copper-Free Click Chemistry for the Efficient Synthesis of RNA Conjugates. Org Lett 2010; 12:5410-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Jayaprakash
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chang Geng Peng
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - David Butler
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jos P. Varghese
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Martin A. Maier
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kallanthottathil G. Rajeev
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthiah Manoharan
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wen C, Lu J, Zhang Z. Triaqua-(1,4,7-triaza-cyclo-nonane-κN,N,N)nickel(II) bromide nitrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:m624-5. [PMID: 21579281 PMCID: PMC2979567 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681001620x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In the title half-sandwich compound, [Ni(C6H15N3)(H2O)3]Br(NO3), the central NiII ion, lying on a threefold rotation axis, is six-coordinated by three amine N atoms from the face-capping triaza macrocycle and three water O atoms in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and weak O—H⋯Br interactions associate the NiII cations and the counter-ions into a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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25
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Anbu S, Kandaswamy M, Suthakaran P, Murugan V, Varghese B. Structural, magnetic, electrochemical, catalytic, DNA binding and cleavage studies of new macrocyclic binuclear copper(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:401-10. [PMID: 19187967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Anbu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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26
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Bodsgard BR, Clark RW, Ehrbar AW, Burstyn JN. Silica-bound copper(ii)triazacyclononane as a phosphate esterase: effect of linker length and surface hydrophobicity. Dalton Trans 2009:2365-73. [DOI: 10.1039/b811398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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New polyaza macrobicyclic binucleating ligands and their binuclear copper(II) complexes: Electrochemical, catalytic and DNA cleavage studies. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Banerjee A, Singh R, Colacio E, Rajak KK. Binuclear Copper(II) Chelates with Heptadentate Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties, DFT Studies, and Catecholase and Hydrolytic DNA Cleavage Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Belousoff MJ, Graham B, Spiccia L. Copper(II) Complexes ofN-Methylated Derivatives ofortho- andmeta-Xylyl-Bridged Bis(1,4,7-triazacyclononane) Ligands: Synthesis, X-ray Structure and Reactivity as Artificial Nucleases. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Belousoff MJ, Tjioe L, Graham B, Spiccia L. Synthesis, X-Ray Crystal Structures, and Phosphate Ester Cleavage Properties of bis(2-Pyridylmethyl)amine Copper(II) Complexes with Guanidinium Pendant Groups. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8641-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8004079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Belousoff
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia, and Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Linda Tjioe
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia, and Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia, and Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia, and Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
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Tan C, Liu J, Chen L, Shi S, Ji L. Synthesis, structural characteristics, DNA binding properties and cytotoxicity studies of a series of Ru(III) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1644-53. [PMID: 18468690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Synthesis, spectroscopic studies of new water-soluble Co(II) and Cu(II) macrocyclic complexes of 4,15-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6,13,15,17-hexaazatricyclodocosane: their interaction studies with calf thymus DNA and guanosine 5′ monophosphate. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-008-9417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Stones G, Tripoli R, McDavid CL, Roux-Duplâtre K, Kennedy AR, Sherrington DC, Gibson CL. Investigation of macrocyclisation routes to 1,4,7-triazacyclononanes: efficient syntheses from 1,2-ditosylamides. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:374-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b716938h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Subat M, Woinaroschy K, Anthofer S, Malterer B, König B. 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane Metal Complexes as Potent Promoters of Carboxyester Hydrolysis under Physiological Conditions. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:4336-56. [PMID: 17444638 DOI: 10.1021/ic070101z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane ([12]aneN4 or cyclen) ligands with different heterocyclic spacers (triazine and pyridine) of various lengths (bi- and tripyridine) or an azacrown pendant and their mono- and dinuclear Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The pKa values of water molecules coordinated to the complexed metal ions were determined by potentiometric pH titrations and vary from 7.7 to 11.2, depending on the metal-ion and ligand properties. The X-ray structure of [Zn2L2]mu-OH(ClO4)3.CH3CN.H2O shows each Zn(II) ion in a tetrahedral geometry, binding to three N atoms of cyclen (the average distance of Zn-N = 2.1 A) and having a mu-OH bridge at the apical site linking the two metal ions (the average distance of Zn-O- = 1.9 A). The distance between the Zn(II) ion and the fourth N atom is 2.6 A. All Zn(II) complexes promote the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate (NA) under physiological conditions, while those of Cu(II) and Ni(II) do not have a significant effect on the hydrolysis reaction. The kinetic studies in buffered solutions (0.05 M Tris, HEPES, or CHES, I = 0.1 M, NaCl) at 25 degrees C in the pH range of 6-11 under pseudo-first-order reaction conditions (excess of the metal complex) were analyzed by applying the method of initial rates. Comparison of the second-order pH-independent rate constants (kNA, M-1 s-1) for the mononuclear complexes ZnL1, ZnL3, and ZnL8, which are 0.39, 0.27, and 0.38, respectively, indicates that the heterocyclic moiety improves the rate of hydrolysis up to 4 times over the parent Zn([12]aneN4) complex (kNA = 0.09 M-1 s-1). The reactive species is the Zn(II)-OH- complex, in which the Zn(II)-bound OH- acts as a nucleophile, which attacks intermolecularly the carbonyl group of the acetate ester. For dinuclear complexes Zn2L2, Zn2L4, Zn2L5, Zn2L6, and Zn2L7, the mechanism of the reaction is defined by the degree of cooperation between the metal centers, determined by the spacer length. For Zn2L7, having the longest triaryl spacer, the two metal centers act independently in the hydrolysis; therefore, the reaction rate is twice as high as the rate of the mononuclear analogue (kNA = 0.78 M-1 s-1). The complexes with a monoaryl spacer show saturation kinetics with the formation of a Michaelis-Menten adduct. Their hydrolysis rates are 40 times higher than that of the Zn[12]aneN4 system (kNA approximately 4 M-1 s-1). Zn2L6 is a hybrid between these two mechanisms; a clear saturation curve is not visible nor are the metal cores completely independent from one another. Some of the Zn(II) complexes show a higher hydrolytic activity under physiological conditions compared to other previously reported complexes of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Subat
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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35
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Qian J, Gu W, Liu H, Gao F, Feng L, Yan S, Liao D, Cheng P. The first dinuclear copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes containing novel Bis-TACN: syntheses, structures, and DNA cleavage activities. Dalton Trans 2007:1060-6. [PMID: 17325782 DOI: 10.1039/b615148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two novel binuclear complexes [Cu(2)(L)].(ClO(4))(2) (1) and [Zn(2)(L)].(ClO(4))(2) (2) were synthesized and crystallographically characterized {L = 1(4),5(4)-dimethyl-1(2),5(2)-dihydroxy-1(1,3),5(1,3)-dibenzene-3(1,4),7(1,4)-di-1,4,7-triazacyclononane}. The cation [Cu(2)(L)](2+) structure of 1 is similar to that of [Zn(2)(L)](2+) of 2. The central ion is bridged by the di-phenoxo of L and lies in a close to perfect square pyramidal geometry. 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic space group P1. The two complexes effectively promote the cleavage of plasmid DNA in the presence of activating agents at physiological pH and temperature. The pseudo-Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters k(cat) = 1.61 h(-1), K(m) = 1.35 x 10(-5) M for complex 1 in the presence of mercaptoethanol; k(cat) = 2.48 h(-1), K(m) = 5.5 x 10(-5)M for complex 2 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were obtained. The mechanism of plasmid DNA cleavage was studied by adding standard radical scavengers. DNA cleavage reaction by the binuclear Zn(II)/H(2)O(2) system is a hydrolytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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36
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Belousoff MJ, Duriska MB, Graham B, Batten SR, Moubaraki B, Murray KS, Spiccia L. Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structures, Magnetism, and Phosphate Ester Cleavage Properties of Copper(II) Complexes of N-Substituted Derivatives of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:3746-55. [PMID: 16634610 DOI: 10.1021/ic051983+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new N-substituted derivatives of the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) macrocycle, 1-benzyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L2) and 1,4,7-tris(3-cyanobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L3), have been prepared and, together with 1,4-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L1), have been used to synthesize the corresponding hydroxo-bridged binuclear copper (II) complexes, [Cu2(mu-OH)2L2](ClO4)2.xH2O (1 L = L1, x = 0; 2 L = L2, x = 1; 3 L = L3, x = 2). The X-ray crystal structures of all three complexes reveal the presence of [Cu2(mu-OH)2]2+ cores capped by pairs of facially coordinating tacn ligands so that the Cu(II) centers reside in distorted square pyramidal coordination environments. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate weak antiferromagnetic coupling (J = -36.4 cm(-1)) between the Cu(II) centers in 1, while the centers in 2 and 3 have been shown to interact ferromagnetically (J = 11.2 and 49.3 cm(-1), respectively). The variation in the strength and sign of these interactions has been rationalized in terms of the differing geometries of the [Cu2(mu-OH)2]2+ cores. The ability of the Cu(II) complexes to cleave phosphate ester bonds has been probed using the model phosphate ester bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) at pH 7.4 and a temperature of 50 degrees C. The measured rate constant for 3 (3 x 10(-4) s(-1)) is significantly greater than those previously reported for the Cu(II) complexes of the fully alkylated tacn ligands, Me3tacn and iPr3tacn, which until now have been rated as the most effective tacn-based phosphate ester cleavage agents.
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37
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Fry FH, Fischmann AJ, Belousoff MJ, Spiccia L, Brügger J. Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrolysis of a Model Phosphate Diester by [Cu(Me3tacn)(OH2)2]2+ (Me3tacn = 1,4,7-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane). Inorg Chem 2005; 44:941-50. [PMID: 15859272 DOI: 10.1021/ic049469b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) by [Cu(Me3tacn)(OH2)2]2+ has been studied by spectrophotometrical monitoring of the release of the p-nitrophenylate ion from BNPP. The reaction was followed for up to 8000 min at constant BNPP concentration (15 microM) and ionic strength (0.15 M) and variable concentration of complex (1.0-7.5 mM) and temperature (42.5-65.0 degrees C). Biphasic kinetic traces were observed, indicating that the complex promotes the cleavage of BNPP to NPP [(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate] and then cleavage of the latter to phosphate, the two processes differing in rate by 50-100-fold. Analysis of the more amenable cleavage of BNPP revealed that the rate of BNPP cleavage is among the highest measured for mononuclear copper(II) complexes and is slightly higher than that reported for the close analogue [Cu(iPr3tacn)(OH2)2]2+. Detailed analysis required the determination of the pKa for [Cu(Me3tacn)(OH2)2]2+ and the constant for the dimerization of the conjugate base to [(Me3tacn)Cu(OH)2Cu(Me3tacn)]2+ (Kdim). Thermodynamic parameters derived from spectrophotometric pH titration and the analysis of the kinetic data were in reasonable agreement. Second-order rate constants for cleavage of BNPP by [Cu(Me3tacn)(OH2)(OH)]+ and associated activation parameters were obtained from initial rate analysis (k = 0.065 M(-1) s(-1) at 50.0 degrees C, deltaH = 56+/-6 kJ mol(-1), deltaS = -95+/-18 J K(-1) mol(-1)) and biphasic kinetic analysis (k = 0.14 M(-1) s(-1) at 50.0 degrees C, deltaH = 55+/-6 kJ mol(-1), deltaS = -92+/-20 J K(-1) mol(-1)). The negative entropy of activation is consistent with a concerted mechanism with considerable associative character. The complex was found to catalyze the cleavage of BNPP with turnover rates of up to 1 per day. Although these turnover rates can be considered low from an application point of view, the ability of the complexes to catalyze phosphate ester cleavage is clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Fry
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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38
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Hirohama T, Arii H, Chikira M. Effect of a conjugated acridine moiety on the binding and reactivity of Cu(II)[9-acridinylmethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane] with DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:1778-86. [PMID: 15522405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2004] [Revised: 07/17/2004] [Accepted: 07/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The DNA binding orientation and dynamic behavior of Cu(II) complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane ([9]aneN(3)), 1, and an acridine conjugate, 2, were investigated by DNA fiber EPR (EPR=electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Crystal and molecular structure of 2 were determined by X-ray diffraction. It has been shown that 1 binds to DNA in two different modes at room temperature; one species is rapidly rotating and the other is immobilized randomly on the DNA. The introduction of acridine to [9]aneN(3) fixed the [Cu([9]aneN(3))](2+) moiety of 2 in two different environments on the DNA: the g(mid R:mid R:) axis of one species (g( parallel)=2.26) is aligned perpendicularly to the DNA fiber axis whereas that of the other (g( parallel)=2.24) aligns<90 degrees with the DNA fiber axis. The different DNA binding structures of 1 and 2 are reflected also in their different efficiencies of DNA cleavage; 2 was found to be more effective both in oxidative and hydrolytic cleavage reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hirohama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551 Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Coordination chemistry mimics of nuclease-activity in the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bond. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03184297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Yang P, Ren R, Guo M, Song A, Meng X, Yuan C, Zhou Q, Chen H, Xiong Z, Gao X. Double-strand hydrolysis of DNA by a magnesium(II) complex with diethylenetriamine. J Biol Inorg Chem 2004; 9:495-506. [PMID: 15112075 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-004-0548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2004] [Accepted: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of artificial nucleases that hydrolyze DNA or RNA is of great interest in molecular biology, biotechnology, and medicine. We now report that a magnesium(II) complex of diethylenetriamine (Mg-dien) can effectively promote the double-stranded cleavage of plasmid DNA and the dideoxynucleotide dApdA under physiological conditions of pH and temperature. Experiments performed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, radical scavengers, or under rigorously anaerobic conditions indicate that DNA cleavage mediated by Mg-dien occurs via a hydrolytic path. Mg-dien efficiently hydrolyzes supercoiled pBR322 DNA and the pseudo-first-order rate constant at 37 degrees C and pH 8.0 is estimated to be 1.60 h(-1). The dinucleotide dApdA hydrolysis, with Mg-dien at 170 microM, shows a rate enhancement factor of ca. 5 x 10(8). 1H and 31P(1H) NMR studies show that Mg-dien effectively hydrolyzes 5'-dAMP to give deoxyadenosine and inorganic phosphate. While Mg2+ has been found at the catalytic sites of many natural nucleases, Mg-dien appears to be the first synthetic Mg2+-containing system capable of hydrolyzing dideoxynucleotides and DNA and thus may provide a simple model system to assist mechanistic studies of naturally occurring nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Yang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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41
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Liang F, Wang P, Zhou X, Li T, Li Z, Lin H, Gao D, Zheng C, Wu C. Nickle(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of hydroxyl-substituted triazamacrocyclic ligand as potential antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1901-4. [PMID: 15050623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 01/28/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The stability constants for the formation of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of the ligand [1,4,7]triazecan-9-ol (L) were presented. Antitumor activity of two complexes was reported. Nuclei of [NiL]-stimulated BEL-7402 cells clearly exhibited condensation and break down into chromatin clumps typical of apoptosis. Also it exhibited perturbation effects to cell cycle, and optimal induction of apoptosis was found by Flow-Cytometric analysis. But CoL complex did not exhibit introduction effects to BEL-7402 cells apoptosis; and could not perturb cell cycle. NiL and CuL complexes could cleave supercoiled DNA (pBR 322 DNA) to nicked and linear DNA, and DNA of cells treated with NiL or CuL complex was obviously damaged; while CoL complex only could cleave supercoiled DNA (pBR 322 DNA) to nicked DNA, and DNA of cells treated with CoL complex had no significant difference with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Peoples Republic of China.
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42
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Copper Containing Nuclease Mimics: Synthetic Models and Biochemical Applications. ARTIFICIAL NUCLEASES 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18510-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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43
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Liang F, Wu C, Lin H, Li T, Gao D, Li Z, Wei J, Zheng C, Sun M. Copper complex of hydroxyl-substituted triazamacrocyclic ligand and its antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2469-72. [PMID: 12852945 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The protonation constants and the stability constants for the formation of copper (II) complex of the ligand [1,4,7] Triazecan-9-ol (L) were presented. Antitumor activity of CuL complex was reported. Preliminary pharmacological tests showed that it had antitumor activity against HXO-RB44 and BEL-7402 cell lines in vitro. Nuclei of [CuL]-stimulated BEL-7402 cells clearly exhibited condensation and break down into chromatin clumps typical of apoptosis. Also it exhibited perturbation effects to BEL-7402 cell lines cycle and further studies showed that it could cleave supercoiled DNA (pBR 322) to nicked and linear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komiyama
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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45
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Liu C, Yu S, Li D, Liao Z, Sun X, Xu H. DNA hydrolytic cleavage by the diiron(III) complex Fe(2)(DTPB)(mu-O)(mu-Ac)Cl(BF(4))(2): comparison with other binuclear transition metal complexes. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:913-22. [PMID: 11849094 DOI: 10.1021/ic010302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The binuclear structure of Fe(2)(DTPB)(mu-O)(mu-Ac)Cl(BF(4))(2) (DTPB = 1,1,4,7,7-penta (2'-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-triazaheptane, Ac = acetate) was characterized by UV-visible absorption and infrared spectra and NMR and ESR. The binding interaction of DNA with the diiron complex was examined spectroscopically. Supercoiled and linear DNA hydrolytic cleavage by the diiron complex is supported by the evidence from anaerobic reactions, free radical quenching, high performance liquid chromatography experiments, and enzymatic manipulation such as T4 ligase ligation, 5'-(32)P end-labeling, and footprinting analysis. The estimation of rate for the supercoiled DNA double strand cleavage shows one of the largest known rate enhancement factors, approximately 10(10) against DNA. Moreover, the DNA hydrolysis chemistry needs no coreactant such as hydrogen peroxide. The poor sequence-specific DNA cleavage indicated by the restriction analysis of the pBR322 DNA linearized by the diiron complex might be due to the diiron complex bound to DNA by a coordination of its two ferric ions to the DNA phosphate oxygens, as suggested by spectral characterizations. The hydrolysis chemistry for a variety of binuclear metal complexes including Fe(2)(DTPB)(mu-O)(mu-Ac)Cl(BF(4))(2) is compared. It is established that the dominant factors for the DNA hydrolysis activities of the binuclear metal complexes are the mu-oxo bridge, labile and anionic ligands, and open coordination site(s). Concerning the hydrolytic mechanisms, the diiron complex Fe(2)(DTPB)(mu-O)(mu-Ac)Cl(BF(4))(2) might share many points in common with the native purple acid phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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46
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Jeung CS, Kim CH, Min K, Suh SW, Suh J. Hydrolysis of plasmid DNA catalyzed by Co(III) complex of cyclen attached to polystyrene. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2401-4. [PMID: 11527741 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactivity of the Co(III) complex of cyclen (CoCyc) in the hydrolytic cleavage of supercoiled pUC18 DNA leading to the formation of the corresponding open circular form was enhanced by >200 times upon attachment of CoCyc to cross-linked polystyrenes. Thus, half-lives as short as 40 min were achieved by the resin-based CoCyc in cleavage of the supercoiled DNA at 4 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Jeung
- Artzyme Biotech Corporation, 403-1, Silim-2-Dong, Seoul 151-012, South Korea
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47
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Ren R, Yang P, Zheng W, Hua Z. A simple copper(II)-L-histidine system for efficient hydrolytic cleavage of DNA. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:5454-63. [PMID: 11154560 DOI: 10.1021/ic0000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II)-L-histidine complexes effectively promote the cleavage of plasmid DNA and dideoxynucleotide dApdA at physiological pH and temperature. Studies of the mechanism of plasmid DNA cleavage by added radical scavengers, using rigorously anaerobic experiments, analyses for malondialdehyde-like products, religation assays, and HPLC analyses, indicate that DNA cleavage mediated by Cu(L-His) occurs via a hydrolytic path. The hydrolytic cleavage rate constants at 37 degrees C are estimated to be 0.76 h-1 for the decrease of form I and 0.25 h-1 for the increase of form III. The phosphoimager picture reveals that Cu(L-His) cleaves DNA with a certain sequence specificity (preferentially at 5'-GT-3'). The dinucleotide hydrolysis shows, with [Cu(L-His)] = 0.8 mM, rate enhancement factors of > 10(8). Interestingly, histidine-metal ion interactions (with Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), etc.) have been used for various applications, e.g., protein purification, cross-linking, and targeting proteins to lipid bilayers. Our findings may provide the basis for developing new applications and new ways to design more effective and useful catalysts for DNA cleavage. Cu(L-His) is one of only a few well-defined metal complexes demonstrated to hydrolytically cleave dideoxynucleotides and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ren
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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48
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Static versus dynamic Jahn–Teller distortions in octahedral-like copper(II) complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane and 1-oxa-4,7-diazacyclononane: implications for hydrolytic reactivity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Itoh T, Hisada H, Usui Y, Fujii Y. Hydrolysis of phosphate esters catalyzed by copper(II)-triamine complexes. The effect of triamine ligands on the reactivity of the copper(II) catalysts. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(98)00222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Abstract
Synthesis of artificial enzymes for catalyzing phosphoester hydrolysis has been attracting interest for a long time. The remarkable discovery that lanthanide ions catalyze the hydrolysis of DNA and RNA spurred the trend. Currently, progress is being made, mainly in the preparation of homogeneous catalysts, the promotion of catalytic activity by using acid/base cooperation within catalysts, the detailed understanding of the reaction mechanisms involved, and the design of artificial enzymes expressing high specificity and catalytic turn-over.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo Hongo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan.
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