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Koptseva TS, Sokolov VG, Baranov EV, Fedushkin IL. New Gallium Hydrides with Dianionic Acenaphthene-1,2-Diimine Ligands. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328420060020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sokolov VG, Koptseva TS, Moskalev MV, Bazyakina NL, Piskunov AV, Cherkasov AV, Fedushkin IL. Gallium Hydrides with a Radical-Anionic Ligand. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13401-13410. [PMID: 29023115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Cl2GaH with a sodium salt of the dpp-Bian radical-anion (dpp-Bian•-)Na (dpp-Bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) affords paramagnetic gallane (dpp-Bian•-)Ga(Cl)H (1). Oxidation of (dpp-Bian2-)Ga-Ga(dpp-Bian2-) (2) with N2O results in the dimeric oxide (dpp-Bian•-)Ga(μ2-O)2Ga(dpp-Bian•-) (3). A treatment of the oxide 3 with phenylsilane affords paramagnetic gallium hydrides (dpp-Bian•-)GaH2 (4) and (dpp-Bian•-)Ga{OSi(Ph)H2}H (5) depending on the reagent's stoichiometry. The reaction of digallane 2 with benzaldehyde produces pinacolate (dpp-Bian•-)Ga(O2C2H2Ph2) (6). In the presence of PhSiH3, the reaction between digallane 2 and benzaldehyde (2: PhSiH3: PhC(H)O = 1:4:4) affords compound 4. The newly prepared complexes 1, 3-6 consist of a spin-labeled diimine ligand-dpp-Bian radical-anion. The presence of the ligand-localized unpaired electron allows the use of the ESR spectroscopy for characterization of the gallium hydrides reported. The molecular structures of compounds 1, 3-6 have been determined by the single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Sokolov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603137, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana S Koptseva
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603137, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Moskalev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603137, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia L Bazyakina
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603137, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Piskunov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603137, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603137, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L Fedushkin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603137, Russian Federation
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Coles MP. The role of the bis-trimethylsilylamido ligand, [N{SiMe3}2]−, in main group chemistry. Part 2: Structural chemistry of the metallic p-block elements. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rudolf D, Storch G, Kaifer E, Himmel H. Synthesis of Molecular Gallium Hydrides by Means of Low‐Temperature Catalytic Dehydrogenation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rudolf
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6221‐545707
| | - Golo Storch
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6221‐545707
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6221‐545707
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6221‐545707
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Knapp CE, Pugh D, McMillan PF, Parkin IP, Carmalt CJ. Synthetic and structural studies of donor-functionalized alkoxy derivatives of gallium. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:9491-8. [PMID: 21888315 DOI: 10.1021/ic201167r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a range of alkyl/chloro-gallium alkoxide and amido/alkoxide compounds was achieved via a series of protonolysis and alcoholysis steps. The initial reaction involved the synthesis of [Me(Cl)Ga{N(SiMe(3))(2)}](2) (1) via methyl group transfer from the reaction of GaCl(3) with two equivalents of LiN(SiMe(3))(2). Reaction of 1 with varying amounts of ROH resulted in the formation of [Me(Cl)Ga(OR)](2) (2, R = CH(2)CH(2)OMe; 3, CH(CH(3))CH(2)NMe(2)), [Me(Cl)Ga{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(μ(2)-OR)Ga(Cl)Me] (4, R = CH(2)CH(2)NMe(2)), or [MeGa(OR)(2)] (5, R = CH(CH(3))CH(2)NMe(2)). Compound 4 represents an intermediate in the formation of dimeric complexes, of the type [Me(Cl)Ga(OR)](2), when formed from compound [Me(Cl)Ga{N(SiMe(3))(2)}](2). A methylgallium amido/alkoxide complex [MeGa{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(OCH(2)CH(2)OMe)](2) (6) was isolated when 2 was further reacted with LiN(SiMe(3))(2). In addition, reaction of 2 with HO(t)Bu resulted in a simple alcohol/alkoxide exchange and formation of [Me(Cl)Ga(O(t)Bu)](2) (7). In contrast to the formation of 1, the in situ reaction of GaCl(3) with one equivalent of LiN(SiMe(3))(2) yielded [Cl(2)Ga{N(SiMe(3))(2)}](2) in low yield, where no methyl group transfer has occurred. Reaction of alcohol with [Cl(2)Ga{N(SiMe(3))(2)}](2) was then found to yield [Cl(2)Ga(OR)](2) (8, R = CH(2)CH(2)NMe(2)), and further reaction of 8 with LiN(SiMe(3))(2) yielded the gallium amido alkoxide complex, [ClGa{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(OR)](2) (9, R = CH(2)CH(2)NMe(2)), similar to 6. The structures of compounds 4, 5, 7, and 8 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Knapp
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Seifert A, Scheid D, Linti G, Zessin T. Oxidative addition reactions of element-hydrogen bonds with different polarities to a gallium(I) compound. Chemistry 2010; 15:12114-20. [PMID: 19780109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The gallium(I) derivative [Ga({N(dipp)CMe}(2)CH)] (1; dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) undergoes facile oxidative addition reactions with various element-hydrogen bonds including N-H, P-H, O-H, Sn-H, and H-H bonds. This was demonstrated by its reaction with triphenyltin hydride, ethanol, water, diethylamine, diphenylphosphane, and dihydrogen. All products were characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray structure determination, NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin Seifert
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Luo B, Kucera BE, Gladfelter WL. Hydrido and chloro gallium and aluminium complexes with the tridentate bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amide ligand. Dalton Trans 2006:4491-8. [PMID: 16981024 DOI: 10.1039/b607164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Five-coordinate gallium and aluminium dihydrides, H2Ga[N(CH2CH2NMe2)2] () and H2Al[N(CH2CH2NMe2)2] (), were synthesized and found to be volatile and thermally stable. and reacted with H3Ga(NMe3) and H3Al(NMe3), respectively, to form H2Ga[N(CH2CH2NMe2)2]GaH3 () and H2Al[N(CH2CH2NMe2)2]AlH3 (), in which the amido nitrogen bridged between the MH2 and MH3 groups (M=Ga or Al). A mixed metal complex, H2Al[N(CH2CH2NMe2)2]GaH3 () was obtained from the reaction of with H3Al(NMe3) or with H3Ga(NMe3), and a crystal consisting of a mixture of and was structurally characterized. The five-coordinate chloro derivative, Cl2Ga[N(CH2CH2NMe2)2] (), was synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Luo B, Kucera BE, Gladfelter WL. Mono- and digallane complexes of a tridentate amido-diamine ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3463-5. [PMID: 15997298 DOI: 10.1039/b503705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amido gallane, H2GaN(CH2CH2NMe2)2, that melts at 27 degrees C and remains stable upon heating at 55 degrees C for two days, was synthesized either from the reaction of the quinuclidine adduct of monochlorogallane with the lithium salt of the corresponding amine, or from the reaction of trimethylamine gallane and the amine; the latter affords an unusual co-product with both GaH2 and GaH3 bonded to the same amido nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Timoshkin AY, Frenking G. "True" inorganic heterocycles: structures and stability of group 13-15 analogues of benzene and their dimers. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:60-9. [PMID: 12513078 DOI: 10.1021/ic020361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Group 13-15 inorganic analogues of benzene, [HMYH](3) (M = B, Al, Ga; Y = N, P, As), mixed heterocycles of the type [BAlGaNPAs]H(6) and their dimers have been theoretically examined at the B3LYP/TZVP level of theory. Six different isomers have been structurally characterized for the mixed compounds [BAlGaNPAs]H(6). B-N bonding strongly (about approximately 90-100 kJ mol(-)(1)) stabilizes the mixed heterocycles, followed by the preference of the Al-N bonded structures over Ga-N bonded ( approximately 30-40 kJ mol(-1)), while B-P bonding is slightly (5-10 kJ mol(-1)) more favorable compared to B-As. Thus, the bonding pattern is predicted to be the most stable, followed by the core. Processes of [HMYH](3) formation from donor-acceptor complexes H(3)MYH(3) are predicted to be thermodynamically favorable for all MY combinations. Dimerization reactions of the coordinationally unsaturated [HMYH](3) heterocycles yielding hexamer clusters [HMYH](6) are found to be exothermic, with the exception of borazine, for which, as for benzene, dimerization is strongly endothermic due to the aromaticity of C(6)H(6) and [HBNH](3). Despite the high endothermicity of [HBNH](3) dimerization, the B-N bond formation is the driving force of the dimerization of mixed species [BAlGaNPAs]H(6). The dimerization enthalpies of [BAlGaNPAs]H(6) may be both exo- and endothermic, depending on the bonding pattern of the isomers. A complete set of mean MY bond energies in four- and six-membered cycles of [HMYH](6) was derived. The MY energies were found to be transferable quantities and may serve for a qualitative prediction of the relative stability of different isomers of mixed cluster compounds. [BAlGaNPAs](2)H(12) clusters are promising synthetic targets, they are expected to serve as single-source precursors for the stoichiometry-controlled CVD processes of the group 13-15 composites. A strategy of their synthesis and the most suitable starting systems have been also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, University Pr. 26, Old Peterhof 198504, Russia.
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SCHULZ STEPHAN. Group 13/15 Organometallic Compounds—Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity and Potential Applications. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(03)49006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Timoshkin AY, Schaefer HF. From "parasitic" association reactions toward the stoichiometry controlled gas phase synthesis of nanoparticles: a theoretically driven challenge for experimentalists. CHEM REC 2002; 2:319-38. [PMID: 12369056 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present record a model for the gas-phase reactions during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes of group 13-15 materials is presented, based on the results of extensive quantum-chemical modeling. Thermodynamic criteria have been introduced to evaluate the importance of a range of association reactions. For the organometallic and hydride derivatives, association processes are found to be favorable both thermodynamically and kinetically. Formation of high mass association products takes place under CVD conditions, including laser-assisted CVD. Structural and thermodynamic properties of the most important ring and cluster intermediates have been predicted. The stoichiometry-controlled synthesis of the 13-15 ternary alloys and nanoparticles using cluster compounds as single-source precursors is predicted to be viable. The association pathway described may be generalized to the CVD reactions of many binary materials (12-16, 13-16, 13-15, 14-15, 14-16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, University Pr. 2, Old Peterhof, 198504, Russia.
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Grocholl L, Cullison SA, Wang J, Swenson DC, Gillan EG. Synthesis and characterization of an air-stable gallium hydride, [t-Bu(H)Ga(mu-NEt(2))](2), and related chloride derivatives. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:2920-6. [PMID: 12033900 DOI: 10.1021/ic011278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of [t-Bu(H)Ga(mu-NEt(2))](2) (1) was accomplished by the addition of 4 t-BuLi to [Cl(2)Ga(mu-NEt(2))](2). Evidence suggests that two tert-butyl groups are lost as isobutylene and result in Ga-H bond formation. The gallium hydride 1 is remarkably stable toward ambient air, oxygen, photolysis, and moderate heating; however, in CHCl(3) the hydride is replaced by chloride, producing [t-Bu(Cl)Ga(mu-NEt(2))](2) (2). Compound 1 may also be synthesized by sequential tert-butyl additions to [Cl(2)Ga(mu-NEt(2))](2). A singly substituted tert-butyl dimer, t-Bu(Cl)Ga(mu-NEt(2))(2)GaCl(2) (3), was also isolated, and interconversions between 1, 2, and 3 are described. Compound 1 was tested for utility in the chemical vapor deposition of GaN and produced gallium-rich films at low temperatures (<250 degrees C) with limited nitrogen incorporation due to facile Et(2)NH elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Grocholl
- Department of Chemistry and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, USA
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SiC bond cleavage in the reaction of gallium chloride with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and thermolysis of base adducts of dichloro(trimethylsilyl)amido gallium compounds. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Group 13/15 Compounds Containing the Heavier Elements of Group 15, Sb and Bi. GROUP 13 CHEMISTRY I 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-47808-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Uhl W, Molter J, Neumüller B. The hydrogallation of CN double bonds—reactions of GaH3·NMe2Et with tetramethyl-2,3-diazabutadiene. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Amine adducts of tert-butylthiolate gallium hydrides—synthetic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Polyhedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(01)00845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Timoshkin AY, Bettinger HF, Schaefer HF. DFT Modeling of Chemical Vapor Deposition of GaN from Organogallium Precursors. 1. Thermodynamics of Elimination Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002379h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, University Pr. 2, Old Peterhof, 198904, Russia
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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