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Zhang Z, Hao G, Sun X, Wang F, Zhang D, Hu D. PVP/aprepitant microcapsules produced by supercritical antisolvent process. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10679. [PMID: 38724534 PMCID: PMC11082215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process was a green alternative to improve the low bioavailability of insoluble drugs. However, it is difficult for SAS process to industrialize with limited production capacity. A coaxial annular nozzle was used to prepare the microcapsules of aprepitant (APR) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by SAS with N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. Meanwhile, the effects of polymer/drug ratio, operating pressure, operating temperature and overall concentration on particles morphology, mean particle diameter and size distribution were analyzed. Microcapsules with mean diameters ranging from 2.04 μm and 9.84 μm were successfully produced. The morphology, particle size, thermal behavior, crystallinity, drug content, drug dissolution and residual amount of DMF of samples were analyzed. The results revealed that the APR drug dissolution of the microcapsules by SAS process was faster than the unprocessed APR. Furthermore, the drug powder collected every hour is in the kilogram level, verifying the possibility to scale up the production of pharmaceuticals employing the SAS process from an industrial point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Guizhou Hao
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, 273400, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Feibo Wang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Dengbo Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Dedong Hu
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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Solid Dosage Forms of Biopharmaceuticals in Drug Delivery Systems Using Sustainable Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247653. [PMID: 34946733 PMCID: PMC8708471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) often comprise biopharmaceuticals in aqueous form, making them susceptible to physical and chemical degradation, and therefore requiring low temperature storage in cold supply and distribution chains. Freeze-drying, spray-drying, and spray-freeze-drying are some of the techniques used to convert biopharmaceuticals-loaded DDS from aqueous to solid dosage forms. However, the risk exists that shear and heat stress during processing may provoke DDS damage and efficacy loss. Supercritical fluids (SCF), specifically, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), is a sustainable alternative to common techniques. Due to its moderately critical and tunable properties and thermodynamic behavior, scCO2 has aroused scientific and industrial interest. Therefore, this article reviews scCO2-based techniques used over the year in the production of solid biopharmaceutical dosage forms. Looking particularly at the use of scCO2 in each of its potential roles—as a solvent, co-solvent, anti-solvent, or co-solute. It ends with a comparison between the compound’s stability using supercritical CO2-assisted atomization/spray-drying and conventional drying.
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Li M, Liu H, Zhuang S, Goda K. Droplet flow cytometry for single-cell analysis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20944-20960. [PMID: 35479393 PMCID: PMC9034116 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interrogation of single cells has revolutionised biology and medicine by providing crucial unparalleled insights into cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Flow cytometry (including fluorescence-activated cell sorting) is one of the most versatile and high-throughput approaches for single-cell analysis by detecting multiple fluorescence parameters of individual cells in aqueous suspension as they flow past through a focus of excitation lasers. However, this approach relies on the expression of cell surface and intracellular biomarkers, which inevitably lacks spatial and temporal phenotypes and activities of cells, such as secreted proteins, extracellular metabolite production, and proliferation. Droplet microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the encapsulation and manipulation of thousands to millions of individual cells within pico-litre microdroplets. Integrating flow cytometry with microdroplet architectures surrounded by aqueous solutions (e.g., water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion and hydrogel droplets) opens avenues for new cellular assays linking cell phenotypes to genotypes at the single-cell level. In this review, we discuss the capabilities and applications of droplet flow cytometry (DFC). This unique technique uses standard commercially available flow cytometry instruments to characterise or select individual microdroplets containing single cells of interest. We explore current challenges associated with DFC and present our visions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Hangrui Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Siyuan Zhuang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University 430072 Hubei PR China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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Abstract
The supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technique has been widely employed in the biomedical field, including drug delivery, to obtain drug particles or polymer-based systems of nanometric or micrometric size. The primary purpose of producing SAS particles is to improve the treatment of different pathologies and to better the patient’s compliance. In this context, many active compounds have been micronized to enhance their dissolution rate and bioavailability. Aiming for more effective treatments with reduced side effects caused by drug overdose, the SAS polymer/active principle coprecipitation has mainly been proposed to offer an adequate drug release for specific therapy. The demand for new formulations with reduced side effects on the patient’s health is still growing; in this context, the SAS technique is a promising tool to solve existing issues in the biomedical field. This updated review on the use of the SAS process for clinical applications provides useful information about the achievements, the most effective polymeric carriers, and parameters, as well as future perspectives.
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Rao ZK, Wang TQ, Li Y, Zhu HY, Liu Y, Hao JY. Body temperature polymerization and in situ drug encapsulation in supercritical carbon dioxide. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Body-temperature and solvent-free polymerization and in situ fabrication of drug-loaded microparticles are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kun Rao
- School of Materials and Energy
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Cheng'du
- China
| | - Tian-Qiang Wang
- Chengdu Guibao Science and Technology Co
- Ltd
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materials and Energy
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Cheng'du
- China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhu
- School of Materials and Energy
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Cheng'du
- China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Materials and Energy
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Cheng'du
- China
| | - Jian-Yuan Hao
- School of Materials and Energy
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Cheng'du
- China
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Preparation of Chlorophyll-free Young Barley Leaf Extract Powders Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Modified with Cosolvent. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schoubben A, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Meeting the unmet: from traditional to cutting-edge techniques for poly lactide and poly lactide-co-glycolide microparticle manufacturing. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Strategies for using hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor solvent pairs in developing green chemical processes with supercritical fluids. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Prosapio V, De Marco I, Reverchon E. Supercritical antisolvent coprecipitation mechanisms. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kankala RK, Zhang YS, Wang SB, Lee CH, Chen AZ. Supercritical Fluid Technology: An Emphasis on Drug Delivery and Related Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700433. [PMID: 28752598 PMCID: PMC5849475 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, supercritical fluid (SCF) has emerged as an effective alternative for many traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Operating active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) alone or in combination with various biodegradable polymeric carriers in high-pressure conditions provides enhanced features with respect to their physical properties such as bioavailability enhancement, is of relevance to the application of SCF in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, recent advances in drug delivery systems manufactured using the SCF technology are reviewed. We provide a brief description of the history, principle, and various preparation methods involved in the SCF technology. Next, we aim to give a brief overview, which provides an emphasis and discussion of recent reports using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) for fabrication of polymeric carriers, for applications in areas related to drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-imaging, and other biomedical applications. We finally summarize with perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Wais U, Jackson AW, He T, Zhang H. Nanoformulation and encapsulation approaches for poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1746-1769. [PMID: 26731460 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades the nanomedicine sector has emerged as a feasible and effective solution to the problems faced by the high percentage of poorly water-soluble drugs. Decreasing the size of such drug compounds to the nanoscale can significantly change their physical properties, which lays the foundation for the use of nanomedicine for pharmaceutical applications. Various techniques have been developed to produce poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles, mainly to address the poor water-soluble issues but also for the efficient and targeted delivery of such drugs. These techniques can be generally categorized into top-down, bottom-up and encapsulation approaches. Among them, the top-down approaches have been the main choice for industrial preparation of drug nanoparticles while other methods are actively investigated by researchers. In this review, we aim to give a comprehensive overview and latest progress of the top-down, bottom-up, and encapsulation methods for the preparation of poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles and how solvents and additives can be selected for these methods. In addition to the more industrially applied top-down approaches, the review is focused more on bottom-up and encapsulation methods, particularly covering supercritical fluid-related methods, cryogenic techniques, and encapsulation with dendrimers and responsive block copolymers. Some of the approved and mostly used nanodrug formulations on the market are also covered to demonstrate the applications of poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles. This review is complete with perspectives on the development and challenges of fabrication techniques for more effective nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Wais
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK. and Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Alexander W Jackson
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Tao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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Tandya A, Zhuang H, Mammucari R, Foster N. Supercritical fluid micronization techniques for gastroresistant insulin formulations. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Leeke GA, Lu T, Bridson RH, Seville JP. Application of nano-particle coatings to carrier particles using an integrated fluidized bed supercritical fluid precipitation process. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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LI W, LIU G, LI L, WU J, LÜ Y, JIANG Y. Effect of Process Parameters on Co-precipitation of Paclitaxel and Poly(L-lactic Acid) by Supercritical Antisolvent Process. Chin J Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(11)60251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tu F, Lee D. Controlling the stability and size of double-emulsion-templated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microcapsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9944-52. [PMID: 22667691 DOI: 10.1021/la301498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The stability and size of poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA)-containing double emulsions and the resulting PLGA microcapsules are controlled by varying the composition of highly monodisperse water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions. We propose that the basic inner phase of W/O/W double emulsions catalyzes the hydrolysis of PLGA and the ionization of carboxylic acid end groups, which enhances the surface activity of PLGA and facilitates the stabilization of the double emulsions. The size of PLGA-containing double emulsions and that of resulting microcapsules can be readily tuned by osmotic annealing, which depends on the concentration ratio of a solute in the inner and outer phases of double emulsions. The internal volume of PLGA microcapsules can be changed by more than 3 orders of magnitude using this method. This approach also overcomes the difficulty in generating monodisperse double emulsions and microcapsules over a wide range of dimensions using a single microfluidic device. The osmotic annealing method can also be used to concentrate encapsulated species such as colloidal suspensions and biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Tu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Flaibani M, Elvassore N. Gas anti-solvent precipitation assisted salt leaching for generation of micro- and nano-porous wall in bio-polymeric 3D scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 32:1632-9. [PMID: 24364970 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The mass transport through biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric 3D porous scaffolds may be depleted by non-porous impermeable internal walls. As consequence the concentration of metabolites and growth factors within the scaffold may be heterogeneous leading to different cell fate depending on spatial cell location, and in some cases it may compromise cell survival. In this work, we fabricated polymeric scaffolds with micro- and nano-scale porosity by developing a new technique that couples two conventional scaffold production methods: solvent casting-salt leaching and gas antisolvent precipitation. 10-15 w/w solutions of a hyaluronic benzyl esters (HYAFF11) and poly-(lactic acid) (PLA) were used to fill packed beds of 0.177-0.425 mm NaCl crystals. The polymer precipitation in micro and nano-porous structures between the salt crystals was induced by high-pressure gas, then its flushing extracted the residual solvent. The salt was removed by water-wash. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed a uniform porosity (~70%) and a high interconnectivity between porous. The polymeric walls were porous themselves counting for 30% of the total porosity. This wall porosity did not lead to a remarkable change in compressive modulus, deformation, and rupture pressure. Scaffold biocompatibility was tested with murine muscle cell line C2C12 for 4 and 7 days. Viability analysis and histology showed that micro- and nano-porous scaffolds are biocompatible and suitable for 3D cell culture promoting cell adhesion on the polymeric wall and allowing their proliferation in layers. Micro- and nano-scale porosities enhance cell migration and growth in the inner part of the scaffold.
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Jin HY, Xia F, Zhao YP. Preparation of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate nanoparticles with mixed solvent using supercritical antisolvent process and its application in co-precipitation of insulin. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Preparation of peptide-loaded polymer microparticles using supercritical carbon dioxide. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Montes A, Gordillo M, Pereyra C, Martínez de la Ossa E. Co-precipitation of amoxicillin and ethyl cellulose microparticles by supercritical antisolvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Supercritical fluid-mediated methods to encapsulate drugs: recent advances and new opportunities. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:1551-65. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the development of novel pharmaceutical products and therapies, there is a need for effective delivery of these products to patients. Dependent on whether they are small-molecular weight drugs or biologics, many new compounds may suffer from poor solubility, poor stability or require frequent administration and therefore require optimized delivery. For example, the utilization of polymorphism and the enhanced solubility in the amorphous state is being exploited to improve the dissolution of small-molecular weight poorly soluble drugs. This can be achieved by the formation of solid dispersions in water-soluble matrices. In addition, encapsulation in biodegradable polymeric materials is one potential route to reduce the frequency of administration through the formation of sustained-release formulations. This is desirable for biologics, for example, which generally require administration once or twice daily. Supercritical fluid processing can achieve both of these outcomes, and this review focuses on the use of supercritical CO2 to encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients to enhance solubility or achieve sustained release. Using supercritical CO2-mediated processes provides a clean and potentially solvent-free route to prepare novel drug products and is therefore an attractive alternative to conventional manufacturing technologies.
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Elizondo E, Sala S, Imbuluzqueta E, González D, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Gamazo C, Ventosa N, Veciana J. High loading of gentamicin in bioadhesive PVM/MA nanostructured microparticles using compressed carbon-dioxide. Pharm Res 2010; 28:309-21. [PMID: 21125416 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate, for the first time, the viability of compressed antisolvent methodologies for the preparation of drug-loaded particles of the biodegradable and bioadhesive polymer poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PVM/MA), utilizing gentamicin (Gm) as a model drug. METHODS Precipitation with a Compressed Antisolvent (PCA) method was used for the preparation of PVM/MA particles loaded with gentamicin. Before encapsulation, gentamicin was modified into a hydrophobic complex, GmAOT, by exchanging its sulphate ions with an anionic surfactant. GmAOT:PVM/MA composites were fully characterized in terms of size, morphology, composition, drug distribution, phase composition, in vitro activity and drug release. RESULTS Homogeneous nanostructured microparticles of PVM/MA loaded with high and uniformly distributed quantities of GmAOT were obtained by PCA. The drug loading factors could be tuned at will, improving up to ten times the loadings obtained by other precipitation techniques. Gentamicin retained its bioactivity after being processed, and, according to its release profiles, after an initial burst it experienced a sustained release over 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Compressed antisolvent methods are suitable technologies for the one-step preparation of highly loaded nanostructured PVM/MA matrices with promising application in the delivery of low bioavailable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Elizondo
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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Production of lipid microparticles containing bioactive molecules functionalized with PEG. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Anandhakumar S, Nagaraja V, Raichur AM. Reversible polyelectrolyte capsules as carriers for protein delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 78:266-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Elizondo E, Córdoba A, Sala S, Ventosa N, Veciana J. Preparation of biodegradable poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) nanostructured microparticles by precipitation with a compressed antisolvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nikitin LN, Gallyamov MO, Said-Galiev EE, Khokhlov AR, Buznik VM. Supercritical carbon dioxide: A reactive medium for chemical processes involving fluoropolymers. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363209030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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García-González CA, Vega-González A, López-Periago AM, Subra-Paternault P, Domingo C. Composite fibrous biomaterials for tissue engineering obtained using a supercritical CO2 antisolvent process. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1094-103. [PMID: 19041288 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several techniques have been proposed for producing porous structures or scaffolds for tissue engineering but, as yet, with no optimal solution. With regard to this topic, this paper focuses on the preparation of biocompatible nanometric filler-polymer composites organized in a network of fibers. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) or hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanopowders as the guest particles and poly(lactic acid) (L-PLA) or the blend poly(methylmethacrylate)/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PMMA/PCL) as the polymer carrier were selected as model systems for this purpose. A supercritical antisolvent technique was used to produce the composites. In the process developed, the non-soluble particulate filler was suspended in a polymer solution, and both components were sprayed simultaneously into supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Using this technique, polymeric matrices were loaded with approximately 10-20 wt.% of inorganic phase distributed throughout the composite. Two different hybrid materials were prepared: a PMMA/PCL+TiO2 system where either fibers or microparticles were prepared by varying the molecular weight of the used PMMA; and fibers in the case of L-PLA+HAP system. After further post-processing in a three-dimensional network, these nanofibers can potentially be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A García-González
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
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Salmaso S, Elvassore N, Bertucco A, Caliceti P. Production of Solid Lipid Submicron Particles for Protein Delivery Using a Novel Supercritical Gas‐Assisted Melting Atomization Process. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:640-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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JIN H, XIA F, JIANG C, ZHAO Y, HE L. Nanoencapsulation of Lutein with Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose Phthalate by Supercritical Antisolvent. Chin J Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(08)60262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Franceschi E, De Cesaro AM, Feiten M, Ferreira SR, Dariva C, Kunita MH, Rubira AF, Muniz EC, Corazza ML, Oliveira JV. Precipitation of β-carotene and PHBV and co-precipitation from SEDS technique using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reverchon E, Adami R, Caputo G, De Marco I. Spherical microparticles production by supercritical antisolvent precipitation: Interpretation of results. J Supercrit Fluids 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kang Y, Wu J, Yin G, Huang Z, Liao X, Yao Y, Ouyang P, Wang H, Yang Q. Characterization and biological evaluation of paclitaxel-loaded poly(L-lactic acid) microparticles prepared by supercritical CO2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7432-7441. [PMID: 18547089 DOI: 10.1021/la703900k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, paclitaxel loaded poly( L-lactic acid) (PTX-PLLA) microparticles were prepared using solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical CO2(SEDS) technique. This supercritical antisolvent technique offers the advantage of negligible organic solvent residua in the drug loaded microparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that microparticles exhibited rather spherical shape and small particle size with narrow particle size distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) indicated that PTX was amorphously dispersed in the PLLA matrix. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PTX-PLLA microparticles were 14.33% and 62.68%, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of PTX-PLLA microparticles against nonsmall-cell lung cancer A549 and ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell lines indicated that PTX-PLLA had superior antiproliferation activity against the A549 and SKOV3 cell lines, compared with free PTX formulations. The cellular internalization of fluorescent microparticles was evidenced by fluorescence microscope and further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This was attributed to the efficient intracellular accumulation of PTX via cell phagocytosis and sustained release of PTX from PLLA matrix. The anticancer activity of PTX-PLLA was associated with PTX-induced cell apoptosis such as nuclear aberrations, condensation of chromatin and swelling damage in mitochondria. The cell apoptosis index detected by flow cytometry was higher in PTX-PLLA group than in free PTX. The PTX-PLLA formulation, which was obtained through micronization of PTX and encapsulation of micronized PTX into PLLA simultaneously in the SEDS process, significantly potentiated the anticancer activity of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Kang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
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Cape SP, Villa JA, Huang ETS, Yang TH, Carpenter JF, Sievers RE. Preparation of active proteins, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as fine powders using supercritical or near-critical fluids. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1967-90. [PMID: 18581212 PMCID: PMC2515571 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical or near-critical fluid processes for generating microparticles have enjoyed considerable attention in the past decade or so, with good success for substances soluble in supercritical fluids or organic solvents. In this review, we survey their application to the production of protein particles. A recently developed process known as CO2-assisted nebulization with a Bubble Dryer® (CAN-BD) has been demonstrated to have broad applicability to small-molecule as well as macromolecule substances (including therapeutic proteins). The principles of CAN-BD are discussed as well as the stabilization, micronization and drying of a wide variety of materials. More detailed case studies are presented for three proteins, two of which are of therapeutic interest: anti-CD4 antibody (rheumatoid arthritis), α1-antitrypsin (cystic fibrosis and emphysema), and trypsinogen (a model enzyme). Dry powders were formed in which stability and activity are maintained and which are fine enough to be inhaled and reach the deep lung. Enhancement of apparent activity after CAN-BD processing was also observed in some formulation and processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Cape
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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Mattea F, Martin A, J. Cocero M. Co-Precipitation of β-Carotene and Polyethylene Glycol with Compressed CO2 as an Antisolvent: Effect of Temperature and Concentration. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie071326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Mattea
- High Pressure Processes Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Angel Martin
- High Pressure Processes Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Cocero
- High Pressure Processes Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Vega-González A, Subra-Paternault P, López-Periago AM, García-González CA, Domingo C. Supercritical CO2 antisolvent precipitation of polymer networks of l-PLA, PMMA and PMMA/PCL blends for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Okamoto H, Danjo K. Application of supercritical fluid to preparation of powders of high-molecular weight drugs for inhalation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:433-46. [PMID: 17996326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of supercritical carbon dioxide to particle design has recently emerged as a promising way to produce powders of macromolecules such as proteins and genes. Recently, an insulin powder for inhalation was approved by authorities in Europe and the USA. Other macromolecules for inhalation therapy will follow. In the 1990s proteins were precipitated with supercritical CO(2) from solutions in an organic solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide, which caused significant unfolding of protein. Since 2000, aqueous solutions of proteins and genes have generally been used with a cosolvent such as ethanol to precipitate in CO(2). Operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, flow rates, and concentration of ingredients affect the particle size and integrity of proteins or genes. By optimizing these conditions, the precipitation of proteins and genes with supercritical CO(2) is a promising way to produce protein and gene particles for inhalation.
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Mishima K. Biodegradable particle formation for drug and gene delivery using supercritical fluid and dense gas. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:411-32. [PMID: 18061302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in biodegradable particle formation using supercritical fluids and dense gases have been reviewed with an emphasis on studies of micronizing and encapsulating poorly-soluble pharmaceuticals and gene. General review articles published in previous years have then been provided. A brief description of the operating principles of some types of particle formation processes is given. These include the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), the particles from gas-saturated solution (PGSS) processes, the gas antisolvent process (GAS), and the supercritical antisolvent process (SAS). The papers have been reviewed under two groups, one involving the production of particles from pure biodegradable substances, and the other involving coating, capsule, and impregnation that contain active components, especially those that relate to pharmaceuticals. This review is a comprehensive review specifically focused on the formation of biodegradable particles for drug and gene delivery system using supercritical fluid and dense gas.
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Marre S, Cansell F, Aymonier C. Tailor-made surface properties of particles with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer shell mediated by supercritical CO2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:252-258. [PMID: 18047379 DOI: 10.1021/la702154z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the surface characteristics of inorganic materials with an organic shell is of great interest for control of the properties of the final material. A challenge is thus to be able to deposit a polymer shell with different solvation properties onto the surface of inorganic particles and to have a good control of the thickness of the organic layer without a prefunctionalization of surfaces. We demonstrate, in this paper, a method for coating silica particles (170-550 nm), used as model substrates, with either a hydrophilic (polyethylene glycol) or a hydrophobic polymer (polybutadiene hydroxy terminated) using a supercritical antisolvent process (precipitation from a compressed antisolvent). Several operating parameters were studied to control precisely the thickness of the deposited layer (from 2 to 30 nm), which was characterized using TEM, FESEM, XPS, and UV-visible techniques. This work demonstrates that supercritical antisolvent processes are powerful methods and good alternatives to conventional coating techniques toward the development of hybrid and/or core-shell nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Marre
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, ICMCB-CNRS and ENSCPB, Université Bordeaux I, 87 avenue du docteur Albert Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac cedex, France
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40
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Glucose oxidase immobilization on conducting polymers in supercritical CO2 environment: An exploratory study. J Supercrit Fluids 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Gallyamov MO, Nikitin LN, Nikolaev AY, Obraztsov AN, Bouznik VM, Khokhlov AR. Formation of superhydrophobic surfaces by the deposition of coatings from supercritical carbon dioxide. COLLOID JOURNAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x07040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Micronization of the officinal component baicalin by SEDS-PA process. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200610876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Co-precipitation of carotenoids and bio-polymers with the supercritical anti-solvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Bahrami M, Ranjbarian S. Production of micro- and nano-composite particles by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Kalogiannis CG, Michailof CM, Panayiotou CG. Microencapsulation of Amoxicillin in Poly(l-lactic acid) by Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie060529q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrysoula M. Michailof
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ye M, Bhat G, Johnston KA, Tan H, Garnick M. Proprietary Rel-Ease drug delivery technology: opportunity for sustained delivery of peptides, proteins and small molecules. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2006; 3:663-75. [PMID: 16948561 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.3.5.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Proprietary Rel-Ease (Praecis Pharmaceuticals) drug delivery technology uses biocompatible polymers as carriers to incorporate a drug into a polymer matrix through opposite charge interaction or complexation. The resulting low solubility complexes can be used to prepare sustained release depot injections or potentially sustained release formulations for oral administration. As a regulatory approved and commercialised drug delivery technology, Rel-Ease is used in abarelix for injectable suspension, a monthly depot injection for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. The technology offers high drug loading and minimal-to-no initial burst effect in vivo. It uses aqueous processes and is compatible for complexation with many peptide and protein therapeutics; its mechanism can also be applied to many small-molecule therapeutics and offers conventional and alternative methods for sustained release delivery via an oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- Praecis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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47
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Gong K, Darr JA, Rehman IU. Supercritical fluid assisted impregnation of indomethacin into chitosan thermosets for controlled release applications. Int J Pharm 2006; 315:93-8. [PMID: 16569485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO(2)) was used to impregnate indomethacin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) into chitosan thermosets for the preparation of controlled release formulations. The products were analyzed by a range of methods including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the experimental temperature and pressure of the sc-CO(2) on the thermal behavior of chitosan-indomethacin drug composites (DCs) was investigated via differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The interaction of chitosan and indomethacin after impregnation was then studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Our results suggest that the supercritical fluid impregnation process results in indomethacin being amorphously dispersed within the chitosan matrix. FTIR data suggest that the aliphatic carbonyl group of indomethacin interacts with the NH(2) group of the chitosan backbone. In vitro dissolution studies (via UV-vis spectroscopy) reveal that the dissolution rate of indomethacin substantially increases after processing in sc-CO(2), particularly, under the experimental conditions 20.7 MPa and 70 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gong
- Clean Materials Technology Group, Department of Materials, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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48
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Pfeffer R, Dave R, Michniak B. The application of a supercritical antisolvent process for sustained drug delivery. POWDER TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Park SJ, Jeon SY, Yeo SD. Recrystallization of a Pharmaceutical Compound Using Liquid and Supercritical Antisolvents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0510775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Se-Yeoun Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Do Yeo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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50
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Muhrer G, Meier U, Fusaro F, Albano S, Mazzotti M. Use of compressed gas precipitation to enhance the dissolution behavior of a poorly water-soluble drug: Generation of drug microparticles and drug–polymer solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2006; 308:69-83. [PMID: 16324806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The classical anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (5,5-diphenyl hydantoin, C(15)H(12)N(2)O(2)) has been used as a model compound to investigate the possibility of enhancing the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs using dense gas antisolvent techniques. In a first step, microcrystals of neat phenytoin have been generated using the gas antisolvent (GAS) and precipitation with compressed antisolvent (PCA) processes, thereby assessing process performances and elucidating similarities and differences between the two techniques. In a second step, the PCA process has been used to generate solid dispersions of phenytoin in the hydrophilic polymer poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone)-K30 (PVP). In vitro dissolution results reveal a substantially better performance of the PCA-processed co-formulations compared to unprocessed phenytoin and to GAS- and PCA-precipitates of neat drug crystals. A comparison of the product quality of phenytoin-PVP co-formulations with solid dispersions obtained by spray drying convincingly underlines the potential of dense gas antisolvent techniques for the production of pharmaceutical formulations with enhanced oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Muhrer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Chemical & Analytical Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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