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Optimal design of novel honeycomb photocatalytic reactors for numerical analysis of formaldehyde degradation by CFD modeling. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-023-04961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sharma S, Kumar R, Raizada P, Ahamad T, Alshehri SM, Nguyen VH, Thakur S, Nguyen CC, Kim SY, Le QV, Singh P. An overview on recent progress in photocatalytic air purification: Metal-based and metal-free photocatalysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113995. [PMID: 35932830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is becoming a distinctly growing concern and the most pressing universal problem as a result of increased energy consumption, with the multiplication of the human population and industrial enterprises, resulting in the generation of hazardous pollutants. Among these, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, Volatile organic compounds, Semi volatile organic compounds, and other inorganic gases not only have an adverse impact on human health both outdoors and indoors, but have also substantially altered the global climate, resulting in several calamities around the world. Thus, the purification of air is a crucial matter to deal with. Photocatalytic oxidation is one of the most recent and promising technologies, and it has been the subject of numerous studies over the past two decades. Hence, the photocatalyst is the most reassuring aspirant due to its adequate bandgap and exquisite stability. The process of photocatalysis has provided many benefits to the atmosphere by removing pollutants. In this review, our work focuses on four main themes. Firstly, we briefly elaborated on the general mechanism of air pollutant degradation, followed by an overview of the typical TiO2 photocatalyst, which is the most researched photocatalyst for photocatalytic destruction of gaseous VOCs. The influence of operating parameters influencing the process of photocatalytic oxidation (such as mass transfer, light source and intensity, pollutant concentration, and relative humidity) was then summarized. Afterwards, the progress and drawbacks of some typical photoreactors (including monolithic reactors, microreactors, optical fiber reactors, and packed bed reactors) were described and differentiated. Lastly, the most noteworthy coverage is dedicated to different types of modification strategies aimed at ameliorating the performance of photocatalysts for degradation of air pollutants, which were proposed and addressed. In addition, the review winds up with a brief deliberation for more exploration into air purification photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Sharma
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan (HP), 173229, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan (HP), 173229, India
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan (HP), 173229, India
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram district-603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Chinh Chien Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan (HP), 173229, India.
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de Oliveira GX, Lira JODB, Riella HG, Soares C, Padoin N. Modeling and Simulation of Reaction Environment in Photoredox Catalysis: A Critical Review. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.788653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From the pharmaceutical industry’s point of view, photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of the synthesis of added-value compounds. With this method, it is possible to excite the catalyst by the action of light, allowing electron transfer processes to occur and, consequently, oxidation and reduction reactions. Thus, in association with photoredox catalysis, microreactor technology and continuous flow chemistry also play an important role in the development of organic synthesis processes, as this technology offers high yields, high selectivity and reduced side reactions. However, there is a lack of a more detailed understanding of the photoredox catalysis process, and computational tools based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to deal with this and boost to reach higher levels of accuracy to continue innovating in this area. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of photoredox catalysis is provided, including the application of this technology for the synthesis of added-value chemicals in microreactors. Moreover, the advantages of the continuous flow system in comparison with batch systems are pointed out. It was also demonstrated how modeling and simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be critical for the design and optimization of microreactors applied to photoredox catalysis, so as to better understand the reagent interactions and the influence of light in the reaction medium. Finally, a discussion about the future prospects of photoredox reactions considering the complexity of the process is presented.
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Jia L, Jin Y, Li J, Wei Z, Chen M, Ma J. Study on High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Degradation of Oxytetracycline Based on a Spiral Microchannel Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhizhen Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Khandekar DC, Bandyopadhyaya R. Design of a TiO 2 Coated Film in a Batch Reactor: Nanoparticle Film Synthesis and Optimization for Contaminant Degradation and Modeling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa C. Khandekar
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Ballari MDLM, Satuf ML, Alfano OM. Photocatalytic Reactor Modeling: Application to Advanced Oxidation Processes for Chemical Pollution Abatement. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:22. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de O B Lira J, Padoin N, Vilar VJP, Soares C. Photocatalytic NO x abatement: Mathematical modeling, CFD validation and reactor analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:145-153. [PMID: 30075969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 2D CFD model was implemented for the numerical simulation of NOx abatement in a photocatalytic reactor, considering the effect of relative humidity (10-60%), light intensity (0.3-13 W⋅m-2) and inlet NO concentration (0.1-1.0 ppm). Significant differences of NOx concentration at the catalytic surface and bulk gas were found (Δmax of ∼12% and ∼16% for NO and NO2, respectively) and corrections were proposed to achieve intrinsic rate laws from a model available in the literature. An analysis of the reactor performance was conducted and a nonlinear behavior was observed when the channel height (H) was varied. A point of maximum for the integral rate of NO and NO2 consumption as a function of H was found (ΔNO of ∼2% and ∼-1% for H→2H→4H; [Formula: see text] of ∼46% and -8.5% for H→2H→4H). Additionally, the NO conversion decreased from ∼29% to ∼7% and the selectivity decreased from ∼85% to ∼80% (passing through a point of minimum at 2H) when the height was varied in the range H-4H. When comparing the results from the CFD simulations and the predictions of a plug flow model, deviations for NO conversion and selectivity increased with H (Δmax of ∼2% and ∼45%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de O B Lira
- Laboratory of Materials and Corrosion (LABMAC), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Natan Padoin
- Laboratory of Materials and Corrosion (LABMAC), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cíntia Soares
- Laboratory of Materials and Corrosion (LABMAC), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Jiao Y, Kovala AT, Shang H, Scott JA. A corrugated plate photocatalytic reactor for degradation of waterborne organic contaminants. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Jiao
- Bharti School of EngineeringLaurentian UniversitySudburyONCanada
| | | | - Helen Shang
- Bharti School of EngineeringLaurentian UniversitySudburyONCanada
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Integral Design Methodology of Photocatalytic Reactors for Air Pollution Remediation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060945. [PMID: 28590427 PMCID: PMC6152651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An integral reactor design methodology was developed to address the optimal design of photocatalytic wall reactors to be used in air pollution control. For a target pollutant to be eliminated from an air stream, the proposed methodology is initiated with a mechanistic derived reaction rate. The determination of intrinsic kinetic parameters is associated with the use of a simple geometry laboratory scale reactor, operation under kinetic control and a uniform incident radiation flux, which allows computing the local superficial rate of photon absorption. Thus, a simple model can describe the mass balance and a solution may be obtained. The kinetic parameters may be estimated by the combination of the mathematical model and the experimental results. The validated intrinsic kinetics obtained may be directly used in the scaling-up of any reactor configuration and size. The bench scale reactor may require the use of complex computational software to obtain the fields of velocity, radiation absorption and species concentration. The complete methodology was successfully applied to the elimination of airborne formaldehyde. The kinetic parameters were determined in a flat plate reactor, whilst a bench scale corrugated wall reactor was used to illustrate the scaling-up methodology. In addition, an optimal folding angle of the corrugated reactor was found using computational fluid dynamics tools.
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Rezaei M, Rashidi F, Royaee SJ, Jafarikojour M. Performance evaluation of a continuous flow photocatalytic reactor for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12505-12517. [PMID: 24946704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel photocatalytic reactor for wastewater treatment was designed and constructed. The main part of the reactor was an aluminum tube in which 12 stainless steel circular baffles and four quartz tube were placed inside of the reactor like shell and tube heat exchangers. Four UV-C lamps were housed within the space of the quartz tubes. Surface of the baffles was coated with TiO2. A simple method was employed for TiO2 immobilization, while the characterization of the supported photocatalyst was based on the results obtained through performing some common analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and BET. Phenol was selected as a model pollutant. A solution of a known initial concentration (20, 60, and 100 ppmv) was introduced to the reactor. The reactor also has a recycle flow to make turbulent flow inside of the reactor. The selected recycle flow rate was 7 × 10(-5) m(3).s(-1), while the flow rate of feed was 2.53 × 10(-7), 7.56 × 10(-7), and 1.26 × 10(-6) m(3).s(-1), respectively. To evaluate performance of the reactor, response surface methodology was employed. A four-factor three-level Box-Behnken design was developed to evaluate the reactor performance for degradation of phenol. Effects of phenol inlet concentration (20-100 ppmv), pH (3-9), liquid flow rate (2.53 × 10(-7)-1.26 × 10(-6) m(3).s(-1)), and TiO2 loading (8.8-17.6 g.m(-2)) were analyzed with this method. The adjusted R (2) value (0.9936) was in close agreement with that of corresponding R (2) value (0.9961). The maximum predicted degradation of phenol was 75.50 % at the optimum processing conditions (initial phenol concentration of 20 ppmv, pH ∼ 6.41, and flow rate of 2.53 × 10(-7) m(3).s(-1) and catalyst loading of 17.6 g.m(-2)). Experimental degradation of phenol determined at the optimum conditions was 73.7 %. XRD patterns and SEM images at the optimum conditions revealed that crystal size is approximately 25 nm and TiO2 nanoparticles with visible agglomerates distribute densely and uniformly over the surface of stainless steel substrate. BET specific surface area of immobilized TiO2 was 47.2 and 45.8 m(2) g(-1) before and after the experiments, respectively. Reduction in TOC content, after steady state condition, showed that maximum phenol decomposition occurred at neutral condition (pH ∼ 6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaei
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Boyjoo Y, Ang M, Pareek V. CFD simulation of a pilot scale slurry photocatalytic reactor and design of multiple-lamp reactors. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Passalía C, Alfano OM, Brandi RJ. Optimal Design of a Corrugated-Wall Photocatalytic Reactor Using Efficiencies in Series and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302838m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Passalía
- FICH—Departamento
de Medio Ambiente, Facultad
de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional
del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, (3000)
Santa Fe, Argentina
- INTEC—Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET−UNL) Güemes, 3450 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Orlando M. Alfano
- FICH—Departamento
de Medio Ambiente, Facultad
de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional
del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, (3000)
Santa Fe, Argentina
- INTEC—Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET−UNL) Güemes, 3450 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo J. Brandi
- FICH—Departamento
de Medio Ambiente, Facultad
de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional
del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, (3000)
Santa Fe, Argentina
- INTEC—Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET−UNL) Güemes, 3450 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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Wang Z, Liu J, Dai Y, Dong W, Zhang S, Chen J. CFD modeling of a UV-LED photocatalytic odor abatement process in a continuous reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 215-216:25-31. [PMID: 22417398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a model study of a UV light-emitting-diode (UV-LED) based photocatalytic odor abatement process. It integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the gas flow in the reactor with LED-array radiation field calculation and Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction kinetics. It was applied to simulate the photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in a UV-LED reactor based on experimentally determined chemical kinetic parameters. A non-linear power law relating reaction rate to irradiation intensity was adopted. The model could predict the steady state DMS concentration profiles by calculating the advection, diffusion and Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction kinetics. By affecting the radiation intensity and uniformity, the position of the LED array relative to the catalyst appeared to be a critical parameter determining DMS removal efficiency. Too small distances might yield low quantum efficiency and consequently poor abatement performance. This study provided an example of LED-based photocatalytic process modeling and gave insights into the optimization of light source design for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Passalía C, Alfano OM, Brandi RJ. A methodology for modeling photocatalytic reactors for indoor pollution control using previously estimated kinetic parameters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 211-212:357-365. [PMID: 22030272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for modeling photocatalytic reactors for their application in indoor air pollution control is carried out. The methodology implies, firstly, the determination of intrinsic reaction kinetics for the removal of formaldehyde. This is achieved by means of a simple geometry, continuous reactor operating under kinetic control regime and steady state. The kinetic parameters were estimated from experimental data by means of a nonlinear optimization algorithm. The second step was the application of the obtained kinetic parameters to a very different photoreactor configuration. In this case, the reactor is a corrugated wall type using nanosize TiO(2) as catalyst irradiated by UV lamps that provided a spatially uniform radiation field. The radiative transfer within the reactor was modeled through a superficial emission model for the lamps, the ray tracing method and the computation of view factors. The velocity and concentration fields were evaluated by means of a commercial CFD tool (Fluent 12) where the radiation model was introduced externally. The results of the model were compared experimentally in a corrugated wall, bench scale reactor constructed in the laboratory. The overall pollutant conversion showed good agreement between model predictions and experiments, with a root mean square error less than 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Passalía
- INTEC - Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, CONICET - UNL, Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
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