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Bahlool AZ, Cavanagh B, Sullivan AO, MacLoughlin R, Keane J, Sullivan MPO, Cryan SA. Microfluidics produced ATRA-loaded PLGA NPs reduced tuberculosis burden in alveolar epithelial cells and enabled high delivered dose under simulated human breathing pattern in 3D printed head models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106734. [PMID: 38417586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is second only to COVID-19 as the top infectious disease killer worldwide. Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) may arise because of poor patient adherence to medications due to lengthy treatment duration and side effects. Delivering novel host directed therapies (HDT), like all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) may help to improve drug regimens and reduce the incidence of MDR-TB. Local delivery of ATRA to the site of infection leads to higher bioavailability and reduced systemic side effects. ATRA is poorly soluble in water and has a short half-life in plasma. Therefore, it requires a formulation step before it can be administered in vivo. ATRA loaded PLGA nanoparticles suitable for nebulization were manufactured and optimized using a scalable nanomanufacturing microfluidics (MF) mixing approach (MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs). MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs demonstrated a dose dependent inhibition of Mtb growth in TB-infected A549 alveolar epithelial cell model while preserving cell viability. The MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs were nebulized with the Aerogen Solo vibrating mesh nebulizer, with aerosol droplet size characterized using laser diffraction and the estimated delivered dose was determined. The volume median diameter (VMD) of the MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs was 3.00 ± 0.18 μm. The inhaled dose delivered in adult and paediatric 3D printed head models under a simulated normal adult and paediatric breathing pattern was found to be 47.05 ± 3 % and 20.15 ± 3.46 % respectively. These aerosol characteristics of MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs supports its suitability for delivery to the lungs via inhalation. The data generated on the efficacy of an inhalable, scalable and regulatory friendly ATRA-PLGA NPs formulation provides a foundation on which further pre-clinical testing can be built. Overall, the results of this project are promising for future research into ATRA loaded NPs formulations as inhaled host directed therapies for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Z Bahlool
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew O' Sullivan
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd, Galway Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd, Galway Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mary P O' Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland; SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUIG & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
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Arzi RS, Kay A, Raychman Y, Sosnik A. Excipient-Free Pure Drug Nanoparticles Fabricated by Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:529. [PMID: 33920184 PMCID: PMC8069523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoprecipitation is one of the most versatile methods to produce pure drug nanoparticles (PDNPs) owing to the ability to optimize the properties of the product. Nevertheless, nanoprecipitation may result in broad particle size distribution, low physical stability, and batch-to-batch variability. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool to produce PDNPs in a simple, reproducible, and cost-effective manner with excellent control over the nanoparticle size. In this work, we designed and fabricated T- and Y-shaped Si-made microfluidic devices and used them to produce PDNPs of three kinase inhibitors of different lipophilicity and water-solubility, namely imatinib, dasatinib and tofacitinib, without the use of colloidal stabilizers. PDNPs display hydrodynamic diameter in the 90-350 nm range as measured by dynamic light scattering and a rounded shape as visualized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that this method results in highly amorphous nanoparticles. In addition, we show that the flow rate of solvent, the anti-solvent, and the channel geometry of the device play a key role governing the nanoparticle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Sverdlov Arzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel; (R.S.A.); (Y.R.)
| | - Asaf Kay
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel;
| | - Yulia Raychman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel; (R.S.A.); (Y.R.)
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel; (R.S.A.); (Y.R.)
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3
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Zhang L, Chen Q, Ma Y, Sun J. Microfluidic Methods for Fabrication and Engineering of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:107-120. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Yao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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4
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Erfle P, Riewe J, Bunjes H, Dietzel A. Stabilized Production of Lipid Nanoparticles of Tunable Size in Taylor Flow Glass Devices with High-Surface-Quality 3D Microchannels. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040220. [PMID: 30934803 PMCID: PMC6523713 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles as an application platform for active ingredients offer the advantage of efficient absorption and rapid dissolution in the organism, even in cases of poor water solubility. Active substances can either be presented directly as nanoparticles or can be integrated in a colloidal carrier system (e.g., lipid nanoparticles). For bottom-up nanoparticle production minimizing particle contamination, precipitation processes provide an adequate approach. Microfluidic systems ensure a precise control of mixing for the precipitation, which enables a tunable particle size definition. In this work, a gas/liquid Taylor flow micromixer made of chemically inert glass is presented, in which the organic phases are injected through a symmetric inlet structure. The 3D structuring of the glass was performed by femtosecond laser ablation. Rough microchannel walls are typically obtained by laser ablation but were smoothed by a subsequent annealing process resulting in lower hydrophilicity and even rounder channel cross-sections. Only with such smooth channel walls can a substantial reduction of fouling be obtained, allowing for stable operation over longer periods. The ultrafast mixing of the solutions could be adjusted by simply changing the gas volume flow rate. Narrow particle size distributions are obtained for smaller gas bubbles with a low backflow and when the rate of liquid volume flow has a small influence on particle precipitation. Therefore, nanoparticles with adjustable sizes of down to 70 nm could be reliably produced in continuous mode. Particle size distributions could be narrowed to a polydispersity value of 0.12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Erfle
- Technische Universität Braunschweig , Institute of Microtechnology, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Juliane Riewe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig , Institute of Microtechnology, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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5
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Ju T, Zhang Z, Li Y, Miao X, Ji J. Continuous production of lignin nanoparticles using a microchannel reactor and its application in UV-shielding films. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24915-24921. [PMID: 35528649 PMCID: PMC9069935 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A continuous production of spherical-like lignin nanoparticles with PVP/SDS as stabilizers via a microchannel reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ju
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Xinfeng Miao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Jianbing Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel
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Yonashiro H, Higashi K, Morikawa C, Ueda K, Itoh T, Ito M, Masu H, Noguchi S, Moribe K. Morphological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Two Distinct Glibenclamide/Hypromellose Amorphous Nanoparticles Prepared by the Antisolvent Method. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1587-1597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Yonashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Chikako Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Itoh
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masataka Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shuji Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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7
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Pu Y, Cai F, Wang D, Wang JX, Chen JF. Colloidal Synthesis of Semiconductor Quantum Dots toward Large-Scale Production: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pu
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research
Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and
Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fuhong Cai
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research
Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and
Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie-Xin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research
Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and
Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research
Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and
Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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8
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Preparation of curcumin-loaded PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymeric nanoparticles by a microchannel technology. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 99:328-336. [PMID: 28062259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have potential therapeutic applications; however, preparing NPs of a specific diameter and uniform size distribution is a challenge. In this work, we fabricated a microchannel system for the preparation of curcumin (Cur)-loaded NPs by the interfacial precipitation method, which rapidly and consistently generated stable NPs with a relatively smaller diameter, narrow size distribution, and higher drug-loading capacity and entrapment efficiency. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone) triblock copolymers(PCEC) used as the carrier material was synthesized and characterized. Cur-loaded PCEC NPs had an average size of 167.2nm with a zeta potential of -29.23mV, and showed a loading capacity and drug entrapment efficiency of 15.28%±0.23% and 96.11%±0.13%, respectively. Meanwhile, the NPs demonstrated good biocompatibility and bioavailability, efficient cellular uptake, and long circulation time and a possible liver targeting effect in vivo. These results indicate that the Cur-loaded PCEC NPs can be used as drug carriers in controlled delivery systems and other biomedical applications.
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9
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Boken J, Soni SK, Kumar D. Microfluidic Synthesis of Nanoparticles and their Biosensing Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:538-61. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1169912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Kuang YY, Zhang ZB, Xie ML, Wang JX, Le Y, Chen JF. Large-Scale Preparation of Amorphous Cefixime Nanoparticles by Antisolvent Precipitation in a High-Gravity Rotating Packed Bed. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory
of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Beijing Engineering
Research Center of nano-micro structured drugs, Beijing Winsunny Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bing Zhang
- Beijing Engineering
Research Center of nano-micro structured drugs, Beijing Winsunny Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Miao-Ling Xie
- Beijing Engineering
Research Center of nano-micro structured drugs, Beijing Winsunny Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Jie-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center
of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yuan Le
- State Key Laboratory
of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center
of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center
of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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11
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Khan IU, Serra CA, Anton N, Vandamme TF. Production of nanoparticle drug delivery systems with microfluidics tools. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:547-62. [PMID: 25345543 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.974547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays the development of composite nano- and microparticles is an extensively studied area of research. This interest is growing because of the potential use of such particles in drug delivery systems. Indeed they can be used in various medical disciplines depending upon their sizes and their size distribution, which determine their final biomedical applications. AREAS COVERED Amongst the different techniques to produce nanoparticles, microfluidic techniques allow preparing particles having a specific size, a narrow size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency with ease. This review covers the general description of microfluidics, its techniques, advantages and disadvantages with focus on the encapsulation of active principles in polymeric nanoparticles as well as on pure drug nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles constitute the majority of the examples reported; however lipid nanoparticulate systems (DNA, SiRNA nanocarriers) are very comparable and their formulation processes are in most cases exactly similar. Accordingly this review focuses also on active ingredient nanoparticles formulated by nanoprecipitation processes in microfluidic devices in general. It also provides detailed description of the different geometries of most common microfluidic devices and the crucial parameters involved in techniques designed to obtain the desired properties. EXPERT OPINION Although the classical fabrication of nanoparticles drug delivery systems in batch is extremely well-described and developed, their production with microfluidic tools arises today as an emerging field with much more potential. In this review we present and discuss these new possibilities for biomedical applications through the current emerging developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ullah Khan
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculty of Pharmacy , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex , France
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12
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Wang CW, Bains A, Sinton D, Moffitt MG. Flow-directed loading of block copolymer micelles with hydrophobic probes in a gas-liquid microreactor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:8385-8394. [PMID: 23738688 DOI: 10.1021/la400011n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the loading efficiencies of two chemically distinct hydrophobic fluorescent probes, pyrene and naphthalene, for self-assembly and loading of polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) micelles in gas-liquid segmented microfluidic reactors under different chemical and flow conditions. On-chip loading efficiencies are compared to values obtained via off-chip dropwise water addition to a solution of copolymer and probe. On-chip, probe loading efficiencies depend strongly on the chemical probe, initial solvent, water content, and flow rate. For pyrene and naphthalene probes, maximum on-chip loading efficiencies of 73 ± 6% and 11 ± 3%, respectively, are obtained, in both cases using the more polar solvent (DMF), an intermediate water content (2 wt % above critical), and a low flow rate (∼5 μL/min); these values are compared to 81 ± 6% and 48 ± 2%, respectively, for off-chip loading. On-chip loading shows a significant improvement over the off-chip process where shear-induced formation of smaller micelles enables increased encapsulation of probe. As well, we show that on-chip loading allows off-chip release kinetics to be controlled via flow rate: compared to vehicles produced at ∼5 μL/min, pyrene release kinetics from vehicles produced at ∼50 μL/min showed a longer initial period of burst release, followed by slow release over a longer total period. These results demonstrate the necessity to match probes, solvents, and running conditions to achieve effective loading, which is essential information for further developing these on-chip platforms for manufacturing drug delivery formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6
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13
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Erni P, Elabbadi A. Free impinging jet microreactors: controlling reactive flows via surface tension and fluid viscoelasticity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7812-7824. [PMID: 23755870 DOI: 10.1021/la401017z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the use of impinging free liquid jets as wall-free continuous microreactors. The collision of two reactant jets forming a free-standing thin liquid sheet allows us to perform rapid precipitation reactions to form colloidal particles, enhance micromixing, and master challenging reactions with very fast kinetics. To control the shape, size, and hydrodynamics of the impingement zone between the two liquid streams, it is crucial to understand the interplay among surface tension, fluid viscoelasticity, and reaction kinetics. Here, we study these aspects using model fluids, each illustrating a different physical effect of surface and bulk fluid properties. First, solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate below, near, and above the critical micelle concentration are used to assess the role of static and dynamic surface tension. Second, we demonstrate how dilute solutions of high-molecular-weight polymers can be used to control the morphology of the free surface flow. If properly controlled, these effects can enhance the micromixing time scales to the extent that very rapid reactions can be performed with outstanding selectivity. We quantitatively assess the interplay between the free surface flow and reaction kinetics using parallel-competitive reactions and demonstrate how these results can be used to control the particle size in precipitation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Erni
- Materials Science Department, Research Division, Firmenich SA, Meyrin 2 Geneva, Switzerland.
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14
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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15
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Petschacher C, Eitzlmayr A, Besenhard M, Wagner J, Barthelmes J, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Khinast JG, Zimmer A. Thinking continuously: a microreactor for the production and scale-up of biodegradable, self-assembled nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py20939c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Xu LM, Zhang QX, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Wang JX, Chen JF. Engineering drug ultrafine particles of beclomethasone dipropionate for dry powder inhalation. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:1-9. [PMID: 22732674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), which is a member in the inhaled glucocorticosteroid class, is commonly used in the treatment of asthma by pulmonary delivery. The purpose of this study is to prepare ultrafine BDP particles for dry powder inhalation (DPI) administration by combining microfluidic antisolvent precipitation without surfactant, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and spray drying. T-junction microchannel was adopted for the preparation of needle-like BDP particles. The needle-like particles could be easily broken down into smaller particles during HPH, which were assembled into uniform low-density spherical BDP aggregates by spray drying. The effects of the operation parameters, such as the flow rates of BDP methanol solution and antisolvent, the overall flow rate, the BDP concentration, and the change of the injection phase on BDP particle size were explored. The results indicated that the BDP particle size greatly decreased with the reduction of BDP solution flow rate and the increase of antisolvent flow rate. However, the BDP particle size firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of the overall flow rate and the increase of BDP concentration. Also, BDP solution as the injection phase could form the smaller BDP particles. 10 HPH cycles are enough to forming short rod-like particles. After spray drying, the BDP spherical aggregates with a 2-3 μm size could be achieved. They have an excellent aerosol performance, 2.8 and 1.4 times as many as raw BDP and vacuum-dried BDP particles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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