1
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Fanovich MA, Di Maio E, Salerno A. Current Trend and New Opportunities for Multifunctional Bio-Scaffold Fabrication via High-Pressure Foaming. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:480. [PMID: 37754894 PMCID: PMC10531842 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable foams prepared using the high-pressure foaming technique have been widely investigated in recent decades as porous scaffolds for in vitro and in vivo tissue growth. In fact, the foaming process can operate at low temperatures to load bioactive molecules and cells within the pores of the scaffold, while the density and pore architecture, and, hence, properties of the scaffold, can be finely modulated by the proper selection of materials and processing conditions. Most importantly, the high-pressure foaming of polymers is an ideal choice to limit and/or avoid the use of cytotoxic and tissue-toxic compounds during scaffold preparation. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with the state of the art and current trend in the high-pressure foaming of biomedical polymers and composites towards the design and fabrication of multifunctional scaffolds for tissue engineering. This manuscript describes the application of the gas foaming process for bio-scaffold design and fabrication and highlights some of the most interesting results on: (1) the engineering of porous scaffolds featuring biomimetic porosity to guide cell behavior and to mimic the hierarchical architecture of complex tissues, such as bone; (2) the bioactivation of the scaffolds through the incorporation of inorganic fillers and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Fanovich
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), National University of Mar del Plata, National Research Council (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Aurelio Salerno
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
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2
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Innovative formulations of PCL:Pluronic monoliths with copaiba oleoresin using supercritical CO2 foaming/mixing to control Aedes aegypti. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Ushiki I, Kawashima H, Kihara SI, Takishima S. Solubility and diffusivity of supercritical CO2 for polycaprolactone in its molten state: Measurement and modeling using PC-SAFT and free volume theory. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Polylactide, Processed by a Foaming Method Using Compressed Freon R134a, for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203453. [PMID: 34685212 PMCID: PMC8539307 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabricating polymeric scaffolds using cost-effective manufacturing processes is still challenging. Gas foaming techniques using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have attracted attention for producing synthetic polymer matrices; however, the high-pressure requirements are often a technological barrier for its widespread use. Compressed 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, known as Freon R134a, offers advantages over CO2 in manufacturing processes in terms of lower pressure and temperature conditions and the use of low-cost equipment. Here, we report for the first time the use of Freon R134a for generating porous polymer matrices, specifically polylactide (PLA). PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a exhibited larger pore sizes, and total porosity, and appropriate mechanical properties compared with those achieved by scCO2 processing. PLGA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a were highly porous and showed a relatively fragile structure. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attached to PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a, and their metabolic activity increased during culturing. In addition, MSCs displayed spread morphology on the PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a, with a well-organized actin cytoskeleton and a dense matrix of fibronectin fibrils. Functionalization of Freon R134a-processed PLA scaffolds with protein nanoparticles, used as bioactive factors, enhanced the scaffolds' cytocompatibility. These findings indicate that gas foaming using compressed Freon R134a could represent a cost-effective and environmentally friendly fabrication technology to produce polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering approaches.
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5
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Hatami T, Mei LHI, Shabanian SR. Modeling of Two‐Step Supercritical CO
2
Foaming to Fabricate Poly(
ε
‐caprolactone) Scaffolds. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmasb Hatami
- University of Campinas – UNICAMP Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess School of Chemical Engineering Av. Albert Einstein 500 CEP 13083-852 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei
- University of Campinas – UNICAMP Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess School of Chemical Engineering Av. Albert Einstein 500 CEP 13083-852 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Seyed Reza Shabanian
- Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Faculty of Chemical Engineering Babol Iran
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6
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Kravanja G, Primožič M, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Transglutaminase release and activity from novel poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites prepared by foaming with supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Santos-Rosales V, Gallo M, Jaeger P, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Gómez-Amoza JL, García-González CA. New insights in the morphological characterization and modelling of poly(ε-caprolactone) bone scaffolds obtained by supercritical CO2 foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Hatami T, Flores Johner JC, de Castro KC, Innocentini Mei LH, Adeodato Vieira MG, Meireles MAA. New Insight into a Step-by-Step Modeling of Supercritical CO 2 Foaming to Fabricate Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffold. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmasb Hatami
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar Flores Johner
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering), UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Karine Cappuccio de Castro
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- Department of Process and Product Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - M. Angela A. Meireles
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering), UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas - SP, Brazil
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9
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Song C, Luo Y, Liu Y, Li S, Xi Z, Zhao L, Cen L, Lu E. Fabrication of PCL Scaffolds by Supercritical CO 2 Foaming Based on the Combined Effects of Rheological and Crystallization Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040780. [PMID: 32252222 PMCID: PMC7240419 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds have recently been developed via efficient and green supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) melt-state foaming. However, previously reported gas-foamed scaffolds sometimes showed insufficient interconnectivity or pore size for tissue engineering. In this study, we have correlated the thermal and rheological properties of PCL scaffolds with their porous morphology by studying four foamed samples with varied molecular weight (MW), and particularly aimed to clarify the required properties for the fabrication of scaffolds with favorable interconnected macropores. DSC and rheological tests indicate that samples show a delayed crystallization and enhanced complex viscosity with the increasing of MW. After foaming, scaffolds (27 kDa in weight-average molecular weight) show a favorable morphology (pore size = 70–180 μm, porosity = 90% and interconnectivity = 96%), where the lowest melt strength favors the generation of interconnected macropore, and the most rapid crystallization provides proper foamability. The scaffolds (27 kDa) also possess the highest Young’s modulus. More importantly, owing to the sufficient room and favorable material transportation provided by highly interconnected macropores, cells onto the optimized scaffolds (27 kDa) perform vigorous proliferation and superior adhesion and ingrowth, indicating its potential for regeneration applications. Furthermore, our findings provide new insights into the morphological control of porous scaffolds fabricated by scCO2 foaming, and are highly relevant to a broader community that is focusing on polymer foaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yankai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Zhenhao Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (E.L.); Tel.: +86-21-6425-3042 (Z.X.); +86-21-5875-2345 (E.L.); Fax: +86-21-6425-3528 (Z.X.); +86-21-5839-4262 (E.L.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Lian Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Eryi Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (E.L.); Tel.: +86-21-6425-3042 (Z.X.); +86-21-5875-2345 (E.L.); Fax: +86-21-6425-3528 (Z.X.); +86-21-5839-4262 (E.L.)
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10
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Tuning the three-dimensional architecture of supercritical CO2 foamed PCL scaffolds by a novel mould patterning approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Santos-Rosales V, Iglesias-Mejuto A, García-González CA. Solvent-Free Approaches for the Processing of Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E533. [PMID: 32131405 PMCID: PMC7182956 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The regenerative medicine field is seeking novel strategies for the production of synthetic scaffolds that are able to promote the in vivo regeneration of a fully functional tissue. The choices of the scaffold formulation and the manufacturing method are crucial to determine the rate of success of the graft for the intended tissue regeneration process. On one hand, the incorporation of bioactive compounds such as growth factors and drugs in the scaffolds can efficiently guide and promote the spreading, differentiation, growth, and proliferation of cells as well as alleviate post-surgical complications such as foreign body responses and infections. On the other hand, the manufacturing method will determine the feasible morphological properties of the scaffolds and, in certain cases, it can compromise their biocompatibility. In the case of medicated scaffolds, the manufacturing method has also a key effect in the incorporation yield and retained activity of the loaded bioactive agents. In this work, solvent-free methods for scaffolds production, i.e., technological approaches leading to the processing of the porous material with no use of solvents, are presented as advantageous solutions for the processing of medicated scaffolds in terms of efficiency and versatility. The principles of these solvent-free technologies (melt molding, 3D printing by fused deposition modeling, sintering of solid microspheres, gas foaming, and compressed CO2 and supercritical CO2-assisted foaming), a critical discussion of advantages and limitations, as well as selected examples for regenerative medicine purposes are herein presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos A. García-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.S.-R.); (A.I.-M.)
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12
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Chen CX, Peng HH, Guan YX, Yao SJ. Morphological study on the pore growth profile of poly(ε-caprolactone) bi-modal porous foams using a modified supercritical CO2 foaming process. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Castaño M, Martinez-Campos E, Pintado-Sierra M, García C, Reinecke H, Gallardo A, Rodriguez-Hernandez J, Elvira C. Combining Breath Figures and Supercritical Fluids To Obtain Porous Polymer Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12593-12599. [PMID: 30411012 PMCID: PMC6217531 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluids technology is a clean methodology to foam polymeric materials. However, this technique provides only the formation of inner porosity, whereas the so-called skin layer is commonly observed at the polymer surface. This article describes a new method for the preparation of outer and inner porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds by combination of supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) foaming and the breath figures technique. In the first step, experiments with a SCCO2 reactor were performed at 35-45 °C, 100-250 bar, and 1-20 min depressurization time. The effect of these parameters in the formation of inner porosity was investigated for an adequate optimization. In a late stage, to provide also surface porosity to the polymeric samples and remove the skin layer, the breath figures technique was employed. The evaluation of porosity was determined by scanning electronic microscopy, mercury porosimetry, and micro X-ray computerized tomography scanning processing the images obtained with the ImageJ software. The results of this study using these two complementary techniques showed the existence of interconnectivity between inner and outer porosity of the samples. Furthermore, thermal transitions and crystallinity of the PCL samples have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, a preliminary biological evaluation of the resulting scaffolds with mouse endothelial cells (C166-GFP) was performed to assess their biocompatibility and cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Castaño
- Department
of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martinez-Campos
- Department
of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
of Biofunctional Studies (IEB), Tissue Engineering Group, (UCM), Associated
Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carolina García
- Department
of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Department
of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Department
of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Department
of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Department
of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute
of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Duarte RM, Correia-Pinto J, Reis RL, Duarte ARC. Subcritical carbon dioxide foaming of polycaprolactone for bone tissue regeneration. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Gong P, Zhai S, Lee R, Zhao C, Buahom P, Li G, Park CB. Environmentally Friendly Polylactic Acid-Based Thermal Insulation Foams Blown with Supercritical CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjian Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Shuo Zhai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Richard Lee
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chongxiang Zhao
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Piyapong Buahom
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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García-González CA, Barros J, Rey-Rico A, Redondo P, Gómez-Amoza JL, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Monteiro FJ. Antimicrobial Properties and Osteogenicity of Vancomycin-Loaded Synthetic Scaffolds Obtained by Supercritical Foaming. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:3349-3360. [PMID: 29313664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced porous synthetic scaffolds are particularly suitable for regeneration of damaged tissues, but there is the risk of infections due to the colonization of microorganisms, forming biofilms. Supercritical foaming is an attractive processing method to prepare bone scaffolds, regulating simultaneously the porosity and loading of bioactive compounds without loss of activity. In this work, scaffolds made of poly-ε-caprolactone (50 kDa), containing chitosan and an antimicrobial agent (vancomycin), were processed by supercritical CO2 foaming for bone regeneration purposes. The obtained scaffolds showed a suitable combination of morphological (porosity, pore size distribution, and interconnectivity), time-dependent in vitro vancomycin release behavior and biological properties (cell viability and proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and tissue-scaffold integration). The scaffolds sustained vancomycin release for more than 2 weeks. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the scaffolds was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria after 24 h of incubation with full growth inhibition for S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Barros
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, and INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Pablo Redondo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L Gómez-Amoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando J Monteiro
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, and INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto 4200-135, Portugal
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17
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18
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Characterization and performance of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes submitted to subcritical and supercritical CO 2. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Policicchio A, Meduri A, Simari C, Lazzaroli V, Stelitano S, Agostino R, Nicotera I. Assessment of commercial poly(ε-caprolactone) as a renewable candidate for carbon capture and utilization. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Kegl T, Kravanja G, Knez Ž, Knez Hrnčič M. Effect of addition of supercritical CO2 on transfer and thermodynamic properties of biodegradable polymers PEG 600 and Brij52. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Supercritical processing of starch aerogels and aerogel-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for sustained release of ketoprofen for bone regeneration. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Wang X, Salick MR, Gao Y, Jiang J, Li X, Liu F, Cordie T, Li Q, Turng LS. Interconnected porous poly(ɛ-caprolactone) tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated by microcellular injection molding. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x16681470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering applications, a scaffold containing an interconnected porous structure is often highly desirable since these interconnected pores allow nutrients and signaling molecules to reach all of the cultured cells. In this study, microcellular injection molding, a mass production method for foamed plastic components, was combined with chemical foaming and particulate leaching methods to fabricate an interconnected porous structure using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). Sodium bicarbonate (SB) was employed as the chemical foaming agent while carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as the physical foaming (blowing) agent. The results showed that interconnected porous structures of PCL, which depend on the composition of the materials used, could be successfully produced. Sodium bicarbonate not only generated CO2 to supplement the supercritical fluid microcellular injection molding, but also served as the nuclei for heterogeneous cell nucleation. Sodium bicarbonate and its byproduct, sodium carbonate, were also the porogens in the particulate leaching process, which further enhanced the porosity and interconnectivity. The morphologies and mechanical properties of the samples with different material compositions and porosities were discussed. The results of cell viability assays of 3T3 fibroblasts suggested that the resulting interconnected porous PCL scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility. Cell spreading was affected by the porosity of the scaffold because of the physical restriction effect on the cell migration. Highly improved interconnectivity of the scaffold provided more space for the cells to spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Max R Salick
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanhong Gao
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Xuyan Li
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Travis Cordie
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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23
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Pore formation of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with melting point reduction in supercritical CO 2 foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Pastore Carbone MG, Musto P, Pannico M, Braeuer A, Scherillo G, Mensitieri G, Di Maio E. Raman Line Imaging of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Carbon Dioxide Solutions at High Pressures: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study for Interpreting Intermolecular Interactions and Free-Volume Effects. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9115-31. [PMID: 27454947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a Raman line-imaging setup was employed to monitor in situ the CO2 sorption at elevated pressures (from 0.62 to 7.10 MPa) in molten PCL. The method allowed the quantitative measurement of gas concentration in both the time-resolved and the space-resolved modes. The combined experimental and theoretical approach allowed a molecular level characterization of the system. The dissolved CO2 was found to occupy a volume essentially coincident with its van der Waals volume and the estimated partial molar volume of the probe did not change with pressure. Lewis acid-Lewis base interactions with the PCL carbonyls was confirmed to be the main interaction mechanism. The geometry of the supramolecular complex and the preferential interaction site were controlled more by steric than electronic effects. On the basis of the indications emerging from Raman spectroscopy, an equation of state thermodynamic model for the PCL-CO2 system, based upon a compressible lattice fluid theory endowed with specific interactions, has been tailored to account for the interaction types detected spectroscopically. The predictions of the thermodynamic model in terms of molar volume of solution have been compared with available volumetric measurements while predictions for CO2 partial molar volume have been compared with the values estimated on the basis of Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Pastore Carbone
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Institute on Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy , 80078 Pozzuoli , Italy
| | - Marianna Pannico
- Institute on Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy , 80078 Pozzuoli , Italy
| | - Andreas Braeuer
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) and Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Scherillo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mensitieri
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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25
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Rahman MM, Lillepärg J, Neumann S, Shishatskiy S, Abetz V. A thermodynamic study of CO2 sorption and thermal transition of PolyActive™ under elevated pressure. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Supercritical CO2 assisted preparation of open-cell foams of linear low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Diaz-Gomez L, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, García-González CA. Growth factors delivery from hybrid PCL-starch scaffolds processed using supercritical fluid technology. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 142:282-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Wu W, Cao X, Lin H, He G, Wang M. Preparation of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)/halloysite nanotube nanocomposite foams using supercritical CO2 as blowing agent. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Markočič E, Botić T, Kavčič S, Bončina T, Knez Ž. In Vitro Degradation of Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) Foams Processed with Supercritical Fluids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie504579y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Markočič
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Botić
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Kavčič
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tonica Bončina
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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30
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García-González CA, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Processing of Materials for Regenerative Medicine Using Supercritical Fluid Technology. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1159-71. [DOI: 10.1021/bc5005922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. García-González
- Departamento de Farmacia
y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782-Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacia
y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782-Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia
y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782-Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
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31
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Surface hierarchical porosity in poly (ɛ-caprolactone) membranes with potential applications in tissue engineering prepared by foaming in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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