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Afandi N, Satgunam M, Mahalingam S, Manap A, Nagi F, Liu W, Johan RB, Turan A, Wei-Yee Tan A, Yunus S. Review on the modifications of natural and industrial waste CaO based sorbent of calcium looping with enhanced CO 2 capture capacity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27119. [PMID: 38444493 PMCID: PMC10912718 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The calcium looping cycle (CaL) possesses outstanding CO2 capture capacity for future carbon-capturing technologies that utilise CaO sorbents to capture the CO2 in a looping cycle. However, sorbent degradation and the presence of inert materials stabilise the sorbent, thereby reducing the CO2 capture capacity. Consequently, the CaO sorbent that has degraded must be replenished, increasing the operational cost for industrial use. CaO sorbents have been modified to enhance their CO2 capture capacity and stability. However, various CaO sorbents, including limestone, dolomite, biogenesis calcium waste and industrial waste, exhibit distinct behaviour in response to these modifications. Thus, this work comprehensively reviews the CO2 capture capacity of sorbent improvement based on various CaO sorbents. Furthermore, this study provides an understanding of the effects of CO2 capture capacity based on the properties of the CaO sorbent. The properties of various CaO sorbents, such as surface area, pore volume, particle size and morphology, are influential in exhibiting high CO2 capture capacity. This review provides insights into the future development of CaL technology, particularly for carbon-capturing technologies that focus on the modifications of CaO sorbents and the properties that affect the CO2 capture capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfanizan Afandi
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Satgunam
- Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Savisha Mahalingam
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abreeza Manap
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farrukh Nagi
- UNITEN R&D Sdn Bhd, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Rafie Bin Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ahmet Turan
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrian Wei-Yee Tan
- Smart Manufacturing and Systems Research Group (SMSRG), University of Southampton Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, 79100, Malaysia
| | - Salmi Yunus
- Materials Engineering and Testing Group, TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, No. 1 Lorong Ayer Itam, Kajang, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Krödel M, Leroy C, Kim SM, Naeem MA, Kierzkowska A, Wu YH, Armutlulu A, Fedorov A, Florian P, Müller CR. Of Glasses and Crystals: Mitigating the Deactivation of CaO-Based CO 2 Sorbents through Calcium Aluminosilicates. JACS AU 2023; 3:3111-3126. [PMID: 38034972 PMCID: PMC10685428 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
CaO-based sorbents are cost-efficient materials for high-temperature CO2 capture, yet they rapidly deactivate over carbonation-regeneration cycles due to sintering, hindering their utilization at the industrial scale. Morphological stabilizers such as Al2O3 or SiO2 (e.g., introduced via impregnation) can improve sintering resistance, but the sorbents still deactivate through the formation of mixed oxide phases and phase segregation, rendering the stabilization inefficient. Here, we introduce a strategy to mitigate these deactivation mechanisms by applying (Al,Si)Ox overcoats via atomic layer deposition onto CaCO3 nanoparticles and benchmark the CO2 uptake of the resulting sorbent after 10 carbonation-regeneration cycles against sorbents with optimized overcoats of only alumina/silica (+25%) and unstabilized CaCO3 nanoparticles (+55%). 27Al and 29Si NMR studies reveal that the improved CO2 uptake and structural stability of sorbents with (Al,Si)Ox overcoats is linked to the formation of glassy calcium aluminosilicate phases (Ca,Al,Si)Ox that prevent sintering and phase segregation, probably due to a slower self-diffusion of cations in the glassy phases, reducing in turn the formation of CO2 capture-inactive Ca-containing mixed oxides. This strategy provides a roadmap for the design of more efficient CaO-based sorbents using glassy stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Krödel
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - César Leroy
- CNRS,
CEMHTI UPR3079, 1d Avenue
de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Awais Naeem
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Kierzkowska
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andac Armutlulu
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Florian
- CNRS,
CEMHTI UPR3079, 1d Avenue
de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Go ES, Kim BS, Ling JLJ, Oh SS, Park HJ, Lee SH. In-situ desulfurization using porous Ca-based materials for the oxy-CFB process: A computational study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115582. [PMID: 36858302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Within circulating fluidized bed (CFB) processes, gas and solid behaviors are mutually affected by operating conditions. Therefore, understanding the behaviors of gas and solid materials inside CFB processes is required for designing and operating those processes. In addition, in order to minimize the environmental impact, modeling to reduce pollutants such as SOx emitted from those processes is essential, and simulation reproduction is necessary for optimization, but little is known. In this study, the gas and solid behaviors in a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed combustor were investigated by using computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) numerical simulation based on the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. In particular, the combustion and in-situ desulfurization reactions simultaneously were considered in this CPFD model. Effect of fluidization number (ULS/Umf) was investigated through the comparison of particle circulation rates with regards to the loop seal flux plane and bed height in the standpipe. In addition, the effects of parameters (temperature, Ca/S molar ratio, and particle size distribution), sensitive indicators for the desulfurization efficiency of limestone, were confirmed. Based on the cycle of the thermodynamic equilibrium curve of limestone, it is suggested that direct and indirect desulfurization occur simultaneously under different operating conditions in CFB, creating an environment in which various reactions other than desulfurization can occur. Addition of the reaction equations (i.e., porosity, diffusion) to the established simple model minimizes uncertainty in the results. Furthermore, the model can be utilized to optimize in-situ desulfurization under oxy-CFB operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sol Go
- Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Sik Kim
- Hydrogen Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 67, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jester Lih Jie Ling
- Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Seok Oh
- Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - See Hoon Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Mineral Resources Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Dunstan MT, Donat F, Bork AH, Grey CP, Müller CR. CO 2 Capture at Medium to High Temperature Using Solid Oxide-Based Sorbents: Fundamental Aspects, Mechanistic Insights, and Recent Advances. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12681-12745. [PMID: 34351127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide capture and mitigation form a key part of the technological response to combat climate change and reduce CO2 emissions. Solid materials capable of reversibly absorbing CO2 have been the focus of intense research for the past two decades, with promising stability and low energy costs to implement and operate compared to the more widely used liquid amines. In this review, we explore the fundamental aspects underpinning solid CO2 sorbents based on alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides operating at medium to high temperature: how their structure, chemical composition, and morphology impact their performance and long-term use. Various optimization strategies are outlined to improve upon the most promising materials, and we combine recent advances across disparate scientific disciplines, including materials discovery, synthesis, and in situ characterization, to present a coherent understanding of the mechanisms of CO2 absorption both at surfaces and within solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Dunstan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Donat
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander H Bork
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph R Müller
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Kang SY, Go ES, Seo SB, Kim HW, Keel SI, Lee SH. A comparative evaluation of recarbonated CaCO 3 derived from limestone under oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143704. [PMID: 33243493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SO2 emissions from coal-fired boilers are air pollutants and a source of acid rain, causing extensive environmental pollution. Limestone (CaCO3) is a Ca-based sorbent which is injected into circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, where it combines with SO2 to produce calcium sulfate (CaSO4). As a result, SO2 emissions from a power plant are reduced. In this study, CaCO3 addition was proposed and the desulfurization efficiency improved. The direct desulfurization reaction is dominant in a commercial CFB boiler due to the high CO2 partial pressure, but CaO is formed at a fast reaction rate by calcination in the high temperature or in the low CO2 partial pressure region. When CaO remains in the loop seal, it is exposed to a high CO2 partial pressure condition moving through the recirculation section for an extended period and re-injected into the furnace as recarbonated CaCO3. To analyze the direct desulfurization reaction kinetics, a shrink core model in which the reaction proceeds inside the particle was adopted. Surface observations through FE-SEM of CaSO4 produced by the 180 minute long desulfurization experiment using TGA suggest that the CaSO4 crystal growth rate increased after the pre-treatment (recarbonation) of limestone. Recarbonation lowered the limestone crystallinity, causing a faster reaction. The CaCO3 recarbonation increased the Ca utilization by more than 20% when the direct desulfurization reaction occurred. The TGA experiments show that recarbonation contributes to CaSO4 conversion. Increasing the desulfurization efficiency using recarbonation can reduce the fixed investment and operating costs of oxy-fuel CFB plants because only desulfurization in the furnace is able to meet SO2 emission regulations or lower the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) dependence. Accordingly, the desulfurization conversions of recarbonated CaCO3 and limestone were compared in this study. Morphological changes in the limestone were also evaluated using XRD, FE-SEM, and other analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kang
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Go
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Seo
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - H W Kim
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - S I Keel
- Environment System Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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7
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A Detailed One-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Kinetic Model for Sorption Enhanced Gasification. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased installation of renewable electricity generators requires different technologies to compensate for the associated fast and high load gradients. In this work, sorption enhanced gasification (SEG) in a dual fluidized bed gasification system is considered as a promising and flexible technology for the tailored syngas production for use in chemical manufacturing or electricity generation. To study different operational strategies, as defined by gasification temperature or fuel input, a simulation model is developed. This model considers the hydrodynamics in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier and the kinetics of gasification reactions and CO2 capture. The CO2 capture rate is defined by the number of carbonation/calcination cycles and the make-up of fresh limestone. A parametric study of the make-up flow rate (0.2, 6.6, and 15 kg/h) reveals its strong influence on the syngas composition, especially at low gasification temperatures (600–650 °C). Our results show good agreement with the experimental data of a 200 kW pilot plant, as demonstrated by deviations of syngas composition (5–34%), lower heating value (LHV) (5–7%), and M module (23–32%). Studying the fuel feeding rate (22–40 kg/h), an operational range with a good mixing of solids in the fluidized bed is identified. The achieved results are summarized in a reactor performance diagram, which gives the syngas power depending on the gasification temperature and the fuel feeding rate.
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8
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Bian Z, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang C, Wang Z, Liu W. CaO/H 2O Thermochemical Heat Storage Capacity of a CaO/CeO 2 Composite from CO 2 Capture Cycles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Bian
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chaoying Sun
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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9
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhong M, Wang Z, Qian G, Liu J, Gong X. Relationship between pore structure and hydration activity of CaO from carbide slag. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Chen L, Wang C, Zhao F, Zou C, Anthony EJ. The combined effect of H2
O and SO2
on the simultaneous calcination/sulfation reaction in CFBs. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University; Baoding 071000 China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University; Baoding 071000 China
| | - Fan Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University; Baoding 071000 China
| | - Chan Zou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University; Baoding 071000 China
| | - Edward J. Anthony
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, Cranfield University; Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL U.K
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11
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12
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Coppola A, Scala F, Gargiulo L, Salatino P. A twin-bed test reactor for characterization of calcium looping sorbents. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Duan L, Yu Z, Erans M, Li Y, Manovic V, Anthony EJ. Attrition Study of Cement-Supported Biomass-Activated Calcium Sorbents for CO2 Capture. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lunbo Duan
- Key
Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education,
School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Combustion
and CCS Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, U.K
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education,
School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - María Erans
- Combustion
and CCS Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, U.K
| | - Yingjie Li
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Vasilije Manovic
- Combustion
and CCS Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, U.K
| | - Edward J. Anthony
- Combustion
and CCS Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, U.K
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