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Lee S, Shin H, Bae J, Lee T, Kim M, Jeon HB, Lee KH, Yoo HY, Park C. Enhanced Enzymatic Synthesis of Puerarin Palmitate with Different Acyl Donors for Lipid Solubility Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:709. [PMID: 38255784 PMCID: PMC10815456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is a flavonoid known as a natural antioxidant found in the root of Pueraria robata. Its antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects have attracted attention as a potential functional ingredient in various bioindustries. However, puerarin has limited bioavailability owing to its low lipid solubility and stability. Acylation is proposed as a synthesis method to overcome this limitation. In this study, lipase-catalyzed acylation of puerarin and various acyl donors was performed, and the enzymatic synthetic condition was optimized. Under the condition (20 g/L of Novozym 435, palmitic anhydride, 1:15, 40 °C, tetrahydrofuran (THF)), the synthesis of puerarin ester achieved a significantly high conversion (98.97%) within a short time (3 h). The molecule of the synthesized puerarin palmitate was identified by various analyses such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The lipid solubility and the radical scavenging activity were also evaluated. Puerarin palmitate showed a slight decrease in antioxidant activity, but lipid solubility was significantly improved, improving bioavailability. The high conversion achieved for puerarin esters in this study will provide the foundation for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmee Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Hyeonmi Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Jihyun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Heung Bae Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, Seoul 08221, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (J.B.); (T.L.)
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Baek Y, Lee S, Son J, Lee T, Oh JM, Lee SH, Kim HU, Seo SW, Park SJ, Yoo HY, Park C. Efficient Production of Naringin Acetate with Different Acyl Donors via Enzymatic Transesterification by Lipases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052972. [PMID: 35270665 PMCID: PMC8910296 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Naringin, one of the citrus flavonoids and known as a natural antioxidant, has limited bioavailability owing to its low stability and solubility. However, naringin esters formed via acylation have recently been reported to possess improved physical and chemical properties. The development of these compounds has a great potential in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, but low conversion and productivity are barriers to industrial applications. This study aimed to improve the conversion of naringin acetate, which is formed via the enzymatic reaction between naringin and an acyl donor. An optimal reaction condition was determined by evaluating the effect of various variables (enzyme type, enzyme concentration, acyl donor, molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature, and solvent) on the synthesis of naringin acetate. The optimal condition was as follows: 3 g/L of Lipozyme TL IM, molar ratio of 1:5 (naringin:acyl donor), reaction temperature of 40 °C, and acetonitrile as the reaction solvent. Under this condition, the maximum conversion to naringin acetate from acetic anhydride and vinyl acetate was achieved at approximately 98.5% (8 h) and 97.5% (24 h), respectively. Compared to the previously reported values, a high conversion was achieved within a short time, confirming the commercial potential of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Seungmee Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Jemin Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea;
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Sang Woo Seo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Si Jae Park
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.P.); (H.Y.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (T.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.P.); (H.Y.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.P.); (H.Y.Y.); (C.P.)
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Milivojević A, Ćorović M, Simović M, Banjanac K, Bezbradica D. Flavonoid esters synthesis using novel biocatalytic systems - CAL B immobilized onto LifeTech™ ECR supports. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Xu H, Li X, Xin X, Yuan K, Wu H, Zhao G. Whole-Cell-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenolic Glycoside Esters, and Their Antioxidant and Antimelanogenic Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuan Xin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Xin X, Zhang M, Li XF, Zhao G. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Lipophilic Baicalin Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11684-11693. [PMID: 31564105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic acylation is commonly used to increase the lipophilicity of flavonoids. However, the absence of primary hydroxyl groups makes it challenging to acylate baicalin using traditional acylation methods. In this study, an enzymatic esterification strategy was developed to introduce fatty-acid chains into baicalin at its carboxyl group, hence successfully synthesizing a new series of baicalin ester derivatives in nonaqueous media. Under the optimal reaction conditions, up to 95% conversion of baicalin was achieved. Antimicrobial evaluation of the baicalin ester derivatives indicated a corresponding increase to that of C log P values, with a cutoff effect at C log P = 5.2. Baicalin ester derivatives with C log P values of 4.9-5.2 exhibited the most potent antimicrobial activity. Interestingly, the introduction of medium-length fatty alcohol chains not only increased lipophilicity but also endowed them with membrane-disrupting properties. This study, therefore, provides an understanding of the esterification of flavonoid glycosides and a prospective application of the ester derivatives.
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Chen Y, Liu J, Geng S, Liu Y, Ma H, Zheng J, Liu B, Liang G. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis mechanism of tri-acetylated phloridzin and its antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cancer cells. Food Chem 2019; 277:186-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Milivojević AD, Ćorović MM, Simović MB, Banjanac KM, Blagojević SN, Pjanović RV, Bezbradica DI. Novel Approach for Flavonoid Esters Production: Statistically Optimized Enzymatic Synthesis Using Natural Oils and Application in Cosmetics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stevan N. Blagojević
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12/V, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Milivojević A, Ćorović M, Carević M, Banjanac K, Vujisić L, Veličković D, Bezbradica D. Highly efficient enzymatic acetylation of flavonoids: Development of solvent-free process and kinetic evaluation. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Batch and semicontinuous production of l-ascorbyl oleate catalyzed by CALB immobilized onto Purolite® MN102. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang M, Xin X, Lai F, Zhang X, Li X, Wu H. Cellular Transport of Esculin and Its Acylated Derivatives in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers and Their Antioxidant Properties in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7424-7432. [PMID: 28805379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Esculin has many pharmacological effects, but these are difficult to observe after oral administration owing to poor lipid solubility. In our previous study, five acylated derivatives with different acyl chain lengths (EA, EP, EO, EL, and EM) were synthesized to improve the lipophilicity of esculin. In this study, the bioavailability and antioxidant activity of the five derivatives were investigated. The logP of esculin, EA, EP, EO, EL, and EM were -1.1 ± 0.1, -0.3 ± 0.14, 0.1 ± 0.17, 1.6 ± 0.09, 2.4 ± 0.11, and 2.8 ± 0.18, and their Papp were 0.71 ± 0.02, 1.24 ± 0.18, 1.74 ± 0.11, 11.6 ± 3.6, 4.11 ± 1.03, and 2.64 ± 0.97 × 10-6 cm/s, respectively. Besides, the bioavailability of EO, EL, and EM were seriously affected by carboxylesterase. The results of ABTS, ORAC, and DPPH assays indicated that the antiradical ability of the five derivatives did not exceed that of esculin. However, EA, EP, and EO showed more effective inhibition of AAPH-induced oxidative hemolysis than esculin did (p < 0.05), and EL and EM were less effective than esculin (p < 0.05). The mechanism was related to the distribution and localization of the derivatives in "oil-water interface" between the cytomembrane and the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institude of Shaoguan Huagong High-tech Industry, and §State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xuan Xin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institude of Shaoguan Huagong High-tech Industry, and §State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Furao Lai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institude of Shaoguan Huagong High-tech Industry, and §State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institude of Shaoguan Huagong High-tech Industry, and §State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institude of Shaoguan Huagong High-tech Industry, and §State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institude of Shaoguan Huagong High-tech Industry, and §State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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11
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Antonopoulou I, Varriale S, Topakas E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Faraco V. Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds with high potential for cosmeceutical application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6519-6543. [PMID: 27276911 PMCID: PMC4939304 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients purporting to offer a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. The active ingredients can be extracted and purified from natural sources (botanicals, herbal extracts, or animals) but can also be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation and cell cultures or by enzymatic synthesis and modification of natural compounds. A cosmeceutical ingredient should possess an attractive property such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin whitening, anti-aging, anti-wrinkling, or photoprotective activity, among others. During the past years, there has been an increased interest on the enzymatic synthesis of bioactive esters and glycosides based on (trans)esterification, (trans)glycosylation, or oxidation reactions. Natural bioactive compounds with exceptional theurapeutic properties and low toxicity may offer a new insight into the design and development of potent and beneficial cosmetics. This review gives an overview of the enzymatic modifications which are performed currently for the synthesis of products with attractive properties for the cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Antonopoulou
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Simona Varriale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15700, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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12
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Aladedunye F, Matthäus B. Effective lipophilic antioxidant enzymatically derived from Canadian crabapple. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Aladedunye
- Department for Safety and Quality of Cereals, Working Group for Lipid Research, Max Rubner-Institute (MRI); Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food; Detmold Germany
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Department for Safety and Quality of Cereals, Working Group for Lipid Research, Max Rubner-Institute (MRI); Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food; Detmold Germany
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