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Ma XY, Coleman B, Prabhu P, Yang M, Wen F. Engineering Compositionally Uniform Yeast Whole-Cell Biocatalysts with Maximized Surface Enzyme Density for Cellulosic Biofuel Production. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1225-1236. [PMID: 38551819 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, whole-cell biocatalysis has played an increasingly important role in the food, pharmaceutical, and energy sector. One promising application is the use of ethanologenic yeast displaying minicellulosomes on the cell surface to combine cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation into a single step for consolidated bioprocessing. However, cellulosic ethanol production using existing yeast whole-cell biocatalysts (yWCBs) has not reached industrial feasibility due to their inefficient cellulose hydrolysis. As prior studies have demonstrated enzyme density on the yWCB surface to be one of the most important parameters for enhancing cellulose hydrolysis, we sought to maximize this parameter at both the population and single-cell levels in yWCBs displaying tetrafunctional minicellulosomes. At the population level, enzyme density is limited by the presence of a nondisplay population constituting 25-50% of all cells. In this study, we identified the cause to be plasmid loss and successfully eliminated the nondisplay population to generate compositionally uniform yWCBs. At the single-cell level, we demonstrate that enzyme density is limited by molecular crowding, which hinders minicellulosome assembly. By adjusting the integrated gene copy number, we obtained yWCBs of tunable enzyme display levels. This tunability allowed us to avoid the crowding-limited regime and achieve a maximum enzyme density per cell. As a result, the best strain showed a cellulose-to-ethanol yield of 4.92 g/g, corresponding to 96% of the theoretical maximum and near-complete conversion (∼96%) of the starting cellulose (1% PASC). Our holistic engineering strategy that combines a population and single-cell level approach is broadly applicable to enhance the WCB performance in other biocatalytic cascade schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yin Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bryan Coleman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ponnandy Prabhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Margaret Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Thakur M, Dean SN, Caruana JC, Walper SA, Ellis GA. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for In Vitro Catalysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1099. [PMID: 37760201 PMCID: PMC10525882 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biological systems in manufacturing and medical applications has seen a dramatic rise in recent years as scientists and engineers have gained a greater understanding of both the strengths and limitations of biological systems. Biomanufacturing, or the use of biology for the production of biomolecules, chemical precursors, and others, is one particular area on the rise as enzymatic systems have been shown to be highly advantageous in limiting the need for harsh chemical processes and the formation of toxic products. Unfortunately, biological production of some products can be limited due to their toxic nature or reduced reaction efficiency due to competing metabolic pathways. In nature, microbes often secrete enzymes directly into the environment or encapsulate them within membrane vesicles to allow catalysis to occur outside the cell for the purpose of environmental conditioning, nutrient acquisition, or community interactions. Of particular interest to biotechnology applications, researchers have shown that membrane vesicle encapsulation often confers improved stability, solvent tolerance, and other benefits that are highly conducive to industrial manufacturing practices. While still an emerging field, this review will provide an introduction to biocatalysis and bacterial membrane vesicles, highlight the use of vesicles in catalytic processes in nature, describe successes of engineering vesicle/enzyme systems for biocatalysis, and end with a perspective on future directions, using selected examples to illustrate these systems' potential as an enabling tool for biotechnology and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Thakur
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott N. Dean
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Julie C. Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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3
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Progress of Molecular Display Technology Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010125. [PMID: 36677416 PMCID: PMC9864768 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the long history of microorganism use, yeasts have been developed as hosts for producing biologically active compounds or for conventional fermentation. Since the introduction of genetic engineering, recombinant proteins have been designed and produced using yeast or bacterial cells. Yeasts have the unique property of expressing genes derived from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the well-studied yeasts in genetic engineering. Recently, molecular display technology, which involves a protein-producing system on the yeast cell surface, has been established. Using this technology, designed proteins can be displayed on the cell surface, and novel abilities are endowed to the host yeast strain. This review summarizes various molecular yeast display technologies and their principles and applications. Moreover, S. cerevisiae laboratory strains generated using molecular display technology for sustainable development are described. Each application of a molecular displayed yeast cell is also associated with the corresponding Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.
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4
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Sun L, Ma X, Zhang B, Qin Y, Ma J, Du Y, Chen T. From polymerase engineering to semi-synthetic life: artificial expansion of the central dogma. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1173-1197. [PMID: 36320892 PMCID: PMC9533422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids have been extensively modified in different moieties to expand the scope of genetic materials in the past few decades. While the development of unnatural base pairs (UBPs) has expanded the genetic information capacity of nucleic acids, the production of synthetic alternatives of DNA and RNA has increased the types of genetic information carriers and introduced novel properties and functionalities into nucleic acids. Moreover, the efforts of tailoring DNA polymerases (DNAPs) and RNA polymerases (RNAPs) to be efficient unnatural nucleic acid polymerases have enabled broad application of these unnatural nucleic acids, ranging from production of stable aptamers to evolution of novel catalysts. The introduction of unnatural nucleic acids into living organisms has also started expanding the central dogma in vivo. In this article, we first summarize the development of unnatural nucleic acids with modifications or alterations in different moieties. The strategies for engineering DNAPs and RNAPs are then extensively reviewed, followed by summarization of predominant polymerase mutants with good activities for synthesizing, reverse transcribing, or even amplifying unnatural nucleic acids. Some recent application examples of unnatural nucleic acids with their polymerases are then introduced. At the end, the approaches of introducing UBPs and synthetic genetic polymers into living organisms for the creation of semi-synthetic organisms are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leping Sun
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Xingyun Ma
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Binliang Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Yanjia Qin
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Jiezhao Ma
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Yuhui Du
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Tingjian Chen
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
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Zhou R, Dong S, Feng Y, Cui Q, Xuan J. Development of highly efficient whole-cell catalysts of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase by surface display. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:92. [PMID: 38647583 PMCID: PMC10991663 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolases (CESHs) are intracellular enzymes used in the industrial production of enantiomeric tartaric acids. The enzymes are mainly used as whole-cell catalysts because of the low stability of purified CESHs. However, the low cell permeability is the major drawback of the whole-cell catalyst. To overcome this problem, we developed whole-cell catalysts using various surface display systems for CESH[L] which produces L(+)-tartaric acid. Considering that the display efficiency depends on both the carrier and the passenger, we screened five different anchoring motifs in Escherichia coli. Display efficiencies are significantly different among these five systems and the InaPbN-CESH[L] system has the highest whole-cell enzymatic activity. Conditions for InaPbN-CESH[L] production were optimized and a maturation step was discovered which can increase the whole-cell activity several times. After optimization, the total activity of the InaPbN-CESH[L] surface display system is higher than the total lysate activity of an intracellular CESH[L] overexpression system, indicating a very high CESH[L] display level. Furthermore, the whole-cell InaPbN-CESH[L] biocatalyst exhibited good storage stability at 4 °C and considerable reusability. Thereby, an efficient whole-cell CESH[L] biocatalyst was developed in this study, which solves the cell permeability problem and provides a valuable system for industrial L(+)-tartaric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jinsong Xuan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
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6
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Šuchová K, Fehér C, Ravn JL, Bedő S, Biely P, Geijer C. Cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts: Enzymes, applications and biotechnological potential. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Teymennet-Ramírez KV, Martínez-Morales F, Trejo-Hernández MR. Yeast Surface Display System: Strategies for Improvement and Biotechnological Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:794742. [PMID: 35083204 PMCID: PMC8784408 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast surface display (YSD) is a “whole-cell” platform used for the heterologous expression of proteins immobilized on the yeast’s cell surface. YSD combines the advantages eukaryotic systems offer such as post-translational modifications, correct folding and glycosylation of proteins, with ease of cell culturing and genetic manipulation, and allows of protein immobilization and recovery. Additionally, proteins displayed on the surface of yeast cells may show enhanced stability against changes in temperature, pH, organic solvents, and proteases. This platform has been used to study protein-protein interactions, antibody design and protein engineering. Other applications for YSD include library screening, whole-proteome studies, bioremediation, vaccine and antibiotics development, production of biosensors, ethanol production and biocatalysis. YSD is a promising technology that is not yet optimized for biotechnological applications. This mini review is focused on recent strategies to improve the efficiency and selection of displayed proteins. YSD is presented as a cutting-edge technology for the vectorial expression of proteins and peptides. Finally, recent biotechnological applications are summarized. The different approaches described herein could allow for a better strategy cascade for increasing protein/peptide interaction and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla V Teymennet-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mėxico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mėxico
| | - María R Trejo-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mėxico
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8
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Molino JVD, Carpine R, Gademann K, Mayfield S, Sieber S. Development of a cell surface display system in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M, Boder ET. Yeast Surface Display: New Opportunities for a Time-Tested Protein Engineering System. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2491:3-25. [PMID: 35482182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2285-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Yeast surface display has proven to be a powerful tool for the discovery of antibodies and other novel binding proteins and for engineering the affinity and selectivity of existing proteins for their targets. In the decades since the first demonstrations of the approach, the range of yeast display applications has greatly expanded to include many different protein targets and has grown to encompass methods for rapid protein characterization. Here, we briefly summarize the development of yeast display methodologies and highlight several selected examples of recent applications to timely and challenging protein engineering and characterization problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric T Boder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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10
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Zhao M, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Cao J, She Y, Cao Z, Li G, Wang J, Abd El-Aty AM. Recognition elements based on the molecular biological techniques for detecting pesticides in food: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-24. [PMID: 34852703 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2009762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive use of pesticides can cause contamination of the environment and agricultural products that are directly threatening human life and health. Therefore, in the process of food safety supervision, it is crucial to conduct sensitive and rapid detection of pesticide residues. The recognition element is the vital component of sensors and methods for fast testing pesticide residues in food. Improper recognition elements may lead to defects of testing methods, such as poor stability, low sensitivity, high economic costs, and waste of time. We can use the molecular biological technique to address these challenges as a good strategy for recognition element production and modification. Herein, we review the molecular biological methods of five specific recognition elements, including aptamers, genetic engineering antibodies, DNAzymes, genetically engineered enzymes, and whole-cell-based biosensors. In addition, the application of these identification elements combined with biosensor and immunoassay methods in actual detection was also discussed. The purpose of this review was to provide a valuable reference for further development of rapid detection methods for pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Hebei Xiangzhi Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China.,Core Facilities and Centers of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongan Zhu
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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11
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Shen L, Zhang S, Chen G. Regulated strategies of cold-adapted microorganisms in response to cold: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68006-68024. [PMID: 34648167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of active cold-adapted microorganisms in the perennial cold environment. Due to their high-efficiency and energy-saving catalytic properties, cold-adapted microorganisms have become valuable natural resources with potential in various biological fields. In this study, a series of cold response strategies for microorganisms were summarized. This mainly involves the regulation of cell membrane fluidity, synthesis of cold adaptation proteins, regulators and metabolic changes, energy supply, and reactive oxygen species. Also, the potential of biocatalysts produced by cold-adapted microorganisms including cold-active enzymes, ice-binding proteins, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and surfactants was introduced, which provided a guidance for expanding its application values. Overall, new insights were obtained on response strategies of microorganisms to cold environments in this review. This will deepen the understanding of the cold tolerance mechanism of cold-adapted microorganisms, thus promoting the establishment and application of low-temperature biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
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12
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Feng L, Gao L, Sauer DF, Ji Y, Cui H, Schwaneberg U. Fe(III)-complex mediated bacterial cell surface immobilization of eGFP and enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4460-4463. [PMID: 33949502 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile and reversible method to immobilize a broad range of His6-tagged proteins on the E. coli cell surface through Fe(iii)-metal complexes. A His6-tagged eGFP and four His6-tagged enzymes were successfully immobilized on the cell surface. Additionally, a hydrogel sheath around E. coli cells was generated by immobilized His6-tagged HRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Feng
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Liang Gao
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Daniel F Sauer
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Yu Ji
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Haiyang Cui
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany. and DWI - Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Ye M, Ye Y, Du Z, Chen G. Cell-surface engineering of yeasts for whole-cell biocatalysts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1003-1019. [PMID: 33389168 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to the unique advantages comparing with traditional free enzymes and chemical catalysis, whole-cell biocatalysts have been widely used to catalyze reactions effectively, simply and environment friendly. Cell-surface display technology provides a novel and effective approach for improved whole-cell biocatalysts expressing heterologous enzymes on the cell surface. They can overcome the substrate transport limitation of the intracellular expression and provide the enzymes with enhanced properties. Among all the host surface-displaying microorganisms, yeast is ideally suitable for constructing whole cell-surface-displaying biocatalyst, because of the large cell size, the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status, and the perfect post-translational processing of secreted proteins. Yeast cell-surface display system has been a promising and powerful method for development of novel and improved engineered biocatalysts. In this review, the characterization and principles of yeast cell-surface display and the applications of yeast cell-surface display in engineered whole-cell biocatalysts as well as the improvement of the enzyme efficiency are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ye
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Yuqi Ye
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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14
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Microbial cell surface display of oxidoreductases: Concepts and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:835-841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Hill BD, Prabhu P, Rizvi SM, Wen F. Yeast Intracellular Staining (yICS): Enabling High-Throughput, Quantitative Detection of Intracellular Proteins via Flow Cytometry for Pathway Engineering. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2119-2131. [PMID: 32603587 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complexities of pathway engineering necessitate screening libraries to discover phenotypes of interest. However, this approach is challenging when desirable phenotypes cannot be directly linked to growth advantages or fluorescence. In these cases, the ability to rapidly quantify intracellular proteins in the pathway of interest is critical to expedite the clonal selection process. While Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains a common host for pathway engineering, current approaches for intracellular protein detection in yeast either have low throughput, can interfere with protein function, or lack the ability to detect multiple proteins simultaneously. To fill this need, we developed yeast intracellular staining (yICS) that enables fluorescent antibodies to access intracellular compartments of yeast cells while maintaining their cellular integrity for analysis by flow cytometry. Using the housekeeping proteins β actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phophate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as targets for yICS, we demonstrated for the first time successful antibody-based flow cytometric detection of yeast intracellular proteins with no modification. Further, yICS characterization of a recombinant d-xylose assimilation pathway showed 3-plexed, quantitative detection of the xylose reductase (XR), xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), and xylulokinase (XK) enzymes each fused with a small (6-10 amino acids) tag, revealing distinct enzyme expression profiles between plasmid-based and genome-integrated expression approaches. As a result of its high-throughput and quantitative capability, yICS enabled rapid screening of a library created from CRISPR-mediated XDH integration into the yeast δ site, identifying rare (1%) clones that led to an 8.4-fold increase in XDH activity. These results demonstrate the utility of yICS for greatly accelerating pathway engineering efforts, as well as any application where the high-throughput and quantitative detection of intracellular proteins is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ponnandy Prabhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Syed M. Rizvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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16
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Govil T, Saxena P, Samanta D, Singh SS, Kumar S, Salem DR, Sani RK. Adaptive Enrichment of a Thermophilic Bacterial Isolate for Enhanced Enzymatic Activity. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E871. [PMID: 32526936 PMCID: PMC7355623 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mimicking of evolution on a laboratory timescale to enhance biocatalyst specificity, substrate utilization activity, and/or product formation, is an effective and well-established approach that does not involve genetic engineering or regulatory details of the microorganism. The present work employed an evolutionary adaptive approach to improve the lignocellulose deconstruction capabilities of the strain by inducing the expression of laccase, a multicopper oxidase, in Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1. This bacterium is highly efficient in depolymerizing unprocessed lignocellulose, needing no preprocessing/pretreatment of the biomasses. However, it natively produces low levels of laccase. After 15 rounds of serially adapting this thermophilic strain in the presence of unprocessed corn stover as the selective pressure, we recorded a 20-fold increase in catalytic laccase activity, at 9.23 ± 0.6 U/mL, in an adapted yet stable strain of Geobacillus sp. WSUCF1, compared with the initial laccase production (0.46 ± 0.04 U/mL) obtained with the unadapted strain grown on unprocessed corn stover before optimization. Chemical composition analysis demonstrated that lignin removal by the adapted strain was 22 wt.% compared with 6 wt.% removal by the unadapted strain. These results signify a favorable prospect for fast, cost competitive bulk production of this thermostable enzyme. Also, this work has practical importance, as this fast adaptation of the Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1 suggests the possibility of growing industrial quantities of Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1 cells as biocatalysts on reasonably inexpensive carbon sources for commercial use. This work is the first application of the adaptive laboratory evolution approach for developing the desired phenotype of enhanced ligninolytic capability in any microbial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Govil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; (T.G.); (D.S.)
- Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing—Biomaterials Center, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Priya Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173215, India; (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Dipayan Samanta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Sindhu Suresh Singh
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA;
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173215, India; (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - David R. Salem
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; (T.G.); (D.S.)
- Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing—Biomaterials Center, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA;
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; (T.G.); (D.S.)
- Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing—Biomaterials Center, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
- BuG ReMeDEE consortium, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
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17
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Liu M, Feng P, Kakade A, Yang L, Chen G, Yan X, Ni H, Liu P, Kulshreshtha S, Abomohra AEF, Li X. Reducing residual antibiotic levels in animal feces using intestinal Escherichia coli with surface-displayed erythromycin esterase. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122032. [PMID: 31955024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in livestock and poultry industries, which results in large quantities of antibiotic residues in manure that influences subsequent treatments. In this study, an Escherichia coli strain was engineered to display erythromycin esterase on its cell surface. The engineered strain (E. coli ereA) efficiently degraded erythromycin by opening the macrocyclic 14-membered lactone ring in solution. Erythromycin (50 mg/L) was completely degraded in a solution by E. coli ereA (1 × 109 CFU/mL) within 24 h. E. coli ereA retained over 86.7 % of the initial enzyme activity after 40 days of storage at 25 °C, and 78.5 % of the initial activity after seven repeated batch reactions in solution at 25 °C. Mice were fed with E. coli ereA and real-time quantitative PCR data showed that E. coli ereA colonized in the mice large intestine. The mice group fed E. coli ereA exhibited 83.13 % decrease in erythromycin levels in their feces compared with the mice group not fed E. coli ereA. E. coli ereA eliminated antibiotics from the source preventing its release into the environment. The surface-engineered strain therefore is an effective alternative agent for treating recalcitrant antibiotics, and has the potential to be applied in livestock and poultry industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Apurva Kakade
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Ling Yang
- Huangshi Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Huangshi 435000, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Huangshi Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Huangshi 435000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Institute of Forensic Science, Department of Public Security Hunan Province, Changsha 410001, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyuhang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Saurabh Kulshreshtha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | | | - Xiangkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
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18
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Lee SH, Lee SY. Cell Surface Display of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Depolymerase and its Application. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:244-247. [PMID: 32066215 PMCID: PMC9728289 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2001.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have expressed extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase of Ralstonia pickettii T1 on the Escherichia coli surface using Pseudomonas OprF protein as a fusion partner by C-terminal deletion-fusion strategy. Surface display of depolymerase was confirmed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy and whole cell hydrolase activity. For the application, depolymerase was used as an immobilized catalyst of enantioselective hydrolysis reaction for the first time. After 48 h, (R)-methyl mandelate was completely hydrolyzed, and (S)-mandelic acid was produced with over 99% enantiomeric excess. Our findings suggest that surface displayed depolymerase on E. coli can be used as an enantioselective biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 686, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-62-530-1844 Fax: +82-62-530-1049 E-mail:
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK1 Program), Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Newton MS, Cabezas-Perusse Y, Tong CL, Seelig B. In Vitro Selection of Peptides and Proteins-Advantages of mRNA Display. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:181-190. [PMID: 31891492 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
mRNA display is a robust in vitro selection technique that allows the selection of peptides and proteins with desired functions from libraries of trillions of variants. mRNA display relies upon a covalent linkage between a protein and its encoding mRNA molecule; the power of the technique stems from the stability of this link, and the large degree of control over experimental conditions afforded to the researcher. This article describes the major advantages that make mRNA display the method of choice among comparable in vivo and in vitro methods, including cell-surface display, phage display, and ribosomal display. We also describe innovative techniques that harness mRNA display for directed evolution, protein engineering, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda S. Newton
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology & Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yari Cabezas-Perusse
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Cher Ling Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Burckhard Seelig
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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20
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Markel U, Essani KD, Besirlioglu V, Schiffels J, Streit WR, Schwaneberg U. Advances in ultrahigh-throughput screening for directed enzyme evolution. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:233-262. [PMID: 31815263 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are versatile catalysts and their synthetic potential has been recognized for a long time. In order to exploit their full potential, enzymes often need to be re-engineered or optimized for a given application. (Semi-) rational design has emerged as a powerful means to engineer proteins, but requires detailed knowledge about structure function relationships. In turn, directed evolution methodologies, which consist of iterative rounds of diversity generation and screening, can improve an enzyme's properties with virtually no structural knowledge. Current diversity generation methods grant us access to a vast sequence space (libraries of >1012 enzyme variants) that may hide yet unexplored catalytic activities and selectivity. However, the time investment for conventional agar plate or microtiter plate-based screening assays represents a major bottleneck in directed evolution and limits the improvements that are obtainable in reasonable time. Ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) methods dramatically increase the number of screening events per time, which is crucial to speed up biocatalyst design, and to widen our knowledge about sequence function relationships. In this review, we summarize recent advances in uHTS for directed enzyme evolution. We shed light on the importance of compartmentalization to preserve the essential link between genotype and phenotype and discuss how cells and biomimetic compartments can be applied to serve this function. Finally, we discuss how uHTS can inspire novel functional metagenomics approaches to identify natural biocatalysts for novel chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Markel
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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21
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Hao Y, Zheng X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Lin Y, Liang S. Combined strategies for engineering a novel whole-cell biocatalyst of Candida rugosa lipase with improved characteristics. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Engineered cells for selective detection and remediation of Hg2+ based on transcription factor MerR regulated cell surface displayed systems. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Functional Autodisplay of Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase using a GDSL Autotransporter on Escherichia coli for Efficient Catalysis of 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acids to Vinylphenol Derivatives. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9080634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioproduction of vinylphenol derivatives, such as 4-vinylguaiacol (4-VG) and 4-vinylphenol (4-VP), from 4-hydroxycinnamic acids, such as ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (pCA), employing whole cells expressing phenolic acid decarboxylases (PAD) as a biocatalyst has attracted much attention in recent years. However, the accumulation of 4-VG or 4-VP in the cell may cause high cytotoxicity to Escherichia coli (E. coli) and consequently cell death during the process. In this study, we firstly report the functional display of a phenolic acid decarboxylase (BLPAD) from Bacillus licheniformis using a GDSL autotransporter from Pseudomonas putida on the cell surface of E. coli. Expression and localization of BLPAD on E. coli were verified by SDS-PAGE and protease accessibility. The PelB signal peptide is more effective in guiding the translocation of BLPAD on the cell surface than the native signal peptide of GDSL, and the cell surface displaying BLPAD activity reached 19.72 U/OD600. The cell surface displaying BLPAD showed good reusability and retained 63% of residual activity after 7 cycles of repeated use. In contrast, the residual activity of the intracellular expressing cells was approximately 11% after 3 cycles of reuse. The molar bioconversion yields of 72.6% and 80.4% were achieved at the concentration of 300 mM of FA and pCA in a biphasic toluene/Na2HPO4–citric acid buffer system, respectively. Its good reusability and efficient catalysis suggested that the cell surface displaying BLPAD can be used as a whole-cell biocatalyst for efficient production of 4-VG and 4-VP.
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24
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Zhu T, Sun H, Wang M, Li Y. Pichia pastoris
as a Versatile Cell Factory for the Production of Industrial Enzymes and Chemicals: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800694. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308 China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 China
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 P. R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308 China
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25
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Expression of xylanase on Escherichia coli using a truncated ice nucleation protein of Erwinia ananas (InaA). Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Benkoulouche M, Fauré R, Remaud-Siméon M, Moulis C, André I. Harnessing glycoenzyme engineering for synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180069. [PMID: 30842872 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined with chemical synthesis, the use of glycoenzyme biocatalysts has shown great synthetic potential over recent decades owing to their remarkable versatility in terms of substrates and regio- and stereoselectivity that allow structurally controlled synthesis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Nonetheless, the lack of appropriate enzymatic tools with requisite properties in the natural diversity has hampered extensive exploration of enzyme-based synthetic routes to access relevant bioactive oligosaccharides, such as cell-surface glycans or prebiotics. With the remarkable progress in enzyme engineering, it has become possible to improve catalytic efficiency and physico-chemical properties of enzymes but also considerably extend the repertoire of accessible catalytic reactions and tailor novel substrate specificities. In this review, we intend to give a brief overview of the advantageous use of engineered glycoenzymes, sometimes in combination with chemical steps, for the synthesis of natural bioactive oligosaccharides or their precursors. The focus will be on examples resulting from the three main classes of glycoenzymes specialized in carbohydrate synthesis: glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and glycoside phosphorylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Benkoulouche
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Régis Fauré
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
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Abstract
Cooperative enzyme catalysis in nature has long inspired the application of engineered multi-enzyme assemblies for industrial biocatalysis. Despite considerable interest, efforts to harness the activity of cell-surface displayed multi-enzyme assemblies have been based on trial and error rather than rational design due to a lack of quantitative tools. In this study, we developed a quantitative approach to whole-cell biocatalyst characterization enabling a comprehensive study of how yeast-surface displayed multi-enzyme assemblies form. Here we show that the multi-enzyme assembly efficiency is limited by molecular crowding on the yeast cell surface, and that maximizing enzyme density is the most important parameter for enhancing cellulose hydrolytic performance. Interestingly, we also observed that proximity effects are only synergistic when the average inter-enzyme distance is > ~130 nm. The findings and the quantitative approach developed in this work should help to advance the field of biocatalyst engineering from trial and error to rational design.
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28
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Huang GL, Gosschalk JE, Kim YS, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Clubb RT. Stabilizing displayed proteins on vegetative Bacillus subtilis cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6547-6565. [PMID: 29796970 PMCID: PMC6289300 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbes engineered to display heterologous proteins could be useful biotechnological tools for protein engineering, lignocellulose degradation, biocatalysis, bioremediation, and biosensing. Bacillus subtilis is a promising host to display proteins, as this model Gram-positive bacterium is genetically tractable and already used industrially to produce enzymes. To gain insight into the factors that affect displayed protein stability and copy number, we systematically compared the ability of different protease-deficient B. subtilis strains (WB800, BRB07, BRB08, and BRB14) to display a Cel8A-LysM reporter protein in which the Clostridium thermocellum Cel8A endoglucanase is fused to LysM cell wall binding modules. Whole-cell cellulase measurements and fractionation experiments demonstrate that genetically eliminating extracytoplasmic bacterial proteases improves Cel8A-LysM display levels. However, upon entering stationary phase, for all protease-deficient strains, the amount of displayed reporter dramatically decreases, presumably as a result of cellular autolysis. This problem can be partially overcome by adding chemical protease inhibitors, which significantly increase protein display levels. We conclude that strain BRB08 is well suited for stably displaying our reporter protein, as genetic removal of its extracellular and cell wall-associated proteases leads to the highest levels of surface-accumulated Cel8A-LysM without causing secretion stress or impairing growth. A two-step procedure is presented that enables the construction of enzyme-coated vegetative B. subtilis cells that retain stable cell-associated enzyme activity for nearly 3 days. The results of this work could aid the development of whole-cell display systems that have useful biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jason E Gosschalk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ye Seong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rachel R Ogorzalek Loo
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert T Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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29
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Bugada LF, Smith MR, Wen F. Engineering Spatially Organized Multienzyme Assemblies for Complex Chemical Transformation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke F. Bugada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mason R. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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30
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Smith MR, Tolbert SV, Wen F. Protein-Scaffold Directed Nanoscale Assembly of T Cell Ligands: Artificial Antigen Presentation with Defined Valency, Density, and Ratio. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1629-1639. [PMID: 29733631 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuning antigen presentation to T cells is a critical step in investigating key aspects of T cell activation. However, existing technologies have a limited ability to control the spatial and stoichiometric organization of T cell ligands on 3D surfaces. Here, we developed an artificial antigen presentation platform based on protein scaffold-directed assembly that allows fine control over the spatial and stoichiometric organization of T cell ligands on a 3D yeast cell surface. Using this system, we observed that the T cell activation threshold on a 3D surface is independent of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) valency but instead is determined by the overall pMHC surface density. When intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was coassembled with pMHC, it enhanced antigen recognition sensitivity by 6-fold. Further, T cells responded with different magnitudes to varying ratios of pMHC and ICAM-1 and exhibited a maximum response at a ratio of 15% pMHC and 85% ICAM-1, introducing an additional parameter for tuning T cell activation. This protein scaffold-directed assembly technology is readily transferrable to acellular surfaces for translational research as well as large-scale T-cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason R. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stephanie V. Tolbert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Chen L, Holmes M, Schaefer E, Mulchandani A, Ge X. Highly active spore biocatalyst by self-assembly of co-expressed anchoring scaffoldin and multimeric enzyme. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:557-564. [PMID: 29131302 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a spore-based biocatalysis platform capable of producing and self-assembling active multimeric enzymes on a spore surface with a high loading density. This was achieved by co-expressing both a spore surface-anchoring scaffoldin protein containing multiple cohesin domains and a dockerin-tagged enzyme of interest in the mother cell compartment during Bacillus subtilis sporulation. Using this method, tetrameric β-galactosidase was successfully displayed on the spore surface with a loading density of 1.4 × 104 active enzymes per spore particle. The resulting spore biocatalysts exhibited high conversion rates of transgalactosylation in water/organic emulsions. With easy manufacture, enhanced thermostability, excellent reusability, and long-term storage stability at ambient temperature, this approach holds a great potential in a wide range of biocatalysis applications especially involving organic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Megan Holmes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California
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Obeng EM, Adam SNN, Budiman C, Ongkudon CM, Maas R, Jose J. Lignocellulases: a review of emerging and developing enzymes, systems, and practices. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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de Carvalho CCCR. Whole cell biocatalysts: essential workers from Nature to the industry. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:250-263. [PMID: 27145540 PMCID: PMC5328830 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have been exposed to a myriad of substrates and environmental conditions throughout evolution resulting in countless metabolites and enzymatic activities. Although mankind have been using these properties for centuries, we have only recently learned to control their production, to develop new biocatalysts with high stability and productivity and to improve their yields under new operational conditions. However, microbial cells still provide the best known environment for enzymes, preventing conformational changes in the protein structure in non-conventional medium and under harsh reaction conditions, while being able to efficiently regenerate necessary cofactors and to carry out cascades of reactions. Besides, a still unknown microbe is probably already producing a compound that will cure cancer, Alzeihmer's disease or kill the most resistant pathogen. In this review, the latest developments in screening desirable activities and improving production yields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesDepartment of BioengineeringInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv. Rovisco PaisLisbon1049‐001Portugal
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Takenaka M, Kobayashi T, Inokuma K, Hasunuma T, Maruyama T, Ogino C, Kondo A. Mapping of endoglucanases displayed on yeast cell surface using atomic force microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 151:134-142. [PMID: 27988474 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The surface of yeast cells has been an attractive interface for the effective use of cellulose. Surface enzymes, however, are difficult to visualize and evaluate. In this study, two kinds of unique anchoring regions were used to display the cellulase, endoglucanase (EG), on a yeast cell surface. Differences in the display level and the localization of EG were observed by atomic force microscopy. By surveying the yeast cell surface with a chemically modified cantilever, the interactive force between the cellulose and EG was measured. Force curve mapping revealed differences in the display levels and the localization of EG according to anchoring regions. The proposed methodology enables visualization of displayed enzymes such as EG on the yeast cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musashi Takenaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inokuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Maruyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Chen L, Mulchandani A, Ge X. Spore-displayed enzyme cascade with tunable stoichiometry. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:383-389. [PMID: 27977916 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Taking the advantages of inert and stable nature of endospores, we developed a biocatalysis platform for multiple enzyme immobilization on Bacillus subtilis spore surface. Among B. subtilis outer coat proteins, CotG mediated a high expression level of Clostridium thermocellum cohesin (CtCoh) with a functional display capability of ∼104 molecules per spore of xylose reductase-C. thermocellum dockerin fusion protein (XR-CtDoc). By co-immobilization of phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) on spore surface via Ruminococcus flavefaciens cohesin-dockerin modules, regeneration of NADPH was achieved. Both xylose reductase (XR) and PTDH exhibited enhanced stability upon spore surface display. More importantly, by altering the copy numbers of CtCoh and RfCoh fused with CotG, the molar ratio between immobilized enzymes was adjusted in a controllable manner. Optimization of spore-displayed XR/PTDH stoichiometry resulted in increased yields of xylitol. In conclusion, endospore surface display presents a novel approach for enzyme cascade immobilization with improved stability and tunable stoichiometry. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:383-389, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Xin Ge
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521
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Gao H, Khera E, Lee JK, Wen F. Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27166648 DOI: 10.3791/53944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed a simple, reusable and coupled whole-cell biocatalytic system with the capability of cofactor regeneration and biocatalyst immobilization for improved production yield and sustained synthesis. Described herewith is the experimental procedure for the development of such a system consisting of two E. coli strains that express functionally complementary enzymes. Together, these two enzymes can function co-operatively to mediate the regeneration of expensive cofactors for improving the product yield of the bioreaction. In addition, the method of synthesizing an immobilized form of the coupled biocatalytic system by encapsulation of whole cells in calcium alginate beads is reported. As an example, we present the improved biosynthesis of L-xylulose from L-arabinitol by coupling E. coli cells expressing the enzymes L-arabinitol dehydrogenase or NADH oxidase. Under optimal conditions and using an initial concentration of 150 mM L-arabinitol, the maximal L-xylulose yield reached 96%, which is higher than those reported in the literature. The immobilized form of the coupled whole-cell biocatalysts demonstrated good operational stability, maintaining 65% of the yield obtained in the first cycle after 7 cycles of successive re-use, while the free cell system almost completely lost the catalytic activity. Therefore, the methods reported here provides two strategies that could help improve the industrial production of L-xylulose, as well as other value-added compounds requiring the use of cofactors in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University
| | - Eshita Khera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University;
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan;
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Sührer I, Langemann T, Lubitz W, Weuster-Botz D, Castiglione K. A novel one-step expression and immobilization method for the production of biocatalytic preparations. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:180. [PMID: 26577293 PMCID: PMC4650107 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole cell biocatalysts and isolated enzymes are considered as state of the art in biocatalytic preparations for industrial applications. Whole cells as biocatalysts are disadvantageous if substrate or products are toxic to the cells or undesired byproducts are formed due to the cellular metabolism. The use of isolated enzymes in comparison is more expensive due to the required downstream processing. Immobilization of enzymes after purification increases preparation costs for biocatalysts significantly, but allows for the efficient reuse of the enzymes in the biocatalytic process. For a more rapid processing one-step expression and immobilization is desirable. RESULTS This study focused on the development of a new one-step expression and immobilization technique for enzymes on the example of the β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli K12. The enzyme was expressed in E. coli with a C-terminal membrane anchor originating from cytochrome b5 from rabbit liver and was thus in situ immobilized to the inner surface of the cytosolic membrane. Then, the expression of a lytic phage protein (gene E from PhiX174) caused the formation of a pore in the cell wall of E. coli, which resulted in release of the cytosol. The cellular envelopes with immobilized enzymes were retained. Batch and fed-batch processes were developed for efficient production of these biocatalysts. It was possible to obtain cellular envelopes with up to 27,200 ± 10,460 immobilized enzyme molecules per cellular envelope (753 ± 190 U/gdry weight). A thorough characterization of the effects of membrane immobilization was performed. Comparison to whole cells showed that mass transfer limitation was reduced in cellular envelopes due to the pore formation. CONCLUSION In this study the feasibility of a new one-step expression and immobilization technique for the generation of biocatalytic preparations was demonstrated. The technique could be a useful tool especially for enzyme systems, which are not suitable for whole-cell biocatalysts due to severe mass transfer limitations or undesired side reactions mediated by cytosolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Sührer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Timo Langemann
- BIRD-C GmbH & Co KG, Erne-Seder-Gasse 4/2, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Werner Lubitz
- BIRD-C GmbH & Co KG, Erne-Seder-Gasse 4/2, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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Gratz A, Bollacke A, Stephan S, Nienberg C, Le Borgne M, Götz C, Jose J. Functional display of heterotetrameric human protein kinase CK2 on Escherichia coli: a novel tool for drug discovery. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:74. [PMID: 26036951 PMCID: PMC4451881 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human protein kinase CK2 represents a novel therapeutic target for neoplastic diseases. Inhibitors are in need to explore the druggability and the therapeutic options of this enzyme. A bottleneck in the search for new inhibitors is the availability of the target for testing. Therefore an assay was developed to provide easy access to CK2 for discovery of novel inhibitors. Results Autodisplay was used to present human CK2 on the surface of Escherichia coli. Heterotetrameric CK2 consists of two subunits, α and β, which were displayed individually on the surface. Co-display of CK2α and CK2β on the cell surface led to the formation of functional holoenzyme, as demonstrated by NaCl dependency of enzymatic activity, which differs from that of the catalytic subunit CK2α without β. In addition interaction of CK2α and CK2β at the cell surface was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation assays. Surface displayed CK2 holoenzyme enabled an easy IC50 value determination. The IC50 values for the known CK2 inhibitors TBB and Silmitasertib were determined to be 50 and 3.3 nM, respectively. Conclusion Surface-displayed CK2α and CK2β assembled on the cell surface of E. coli to an active tetrameric holoenzyme. The whole-cell CK2 autodisplay assay as developed is suitable for inhibition studies. Furthermore, it can be used to determine quantitative CK2 inhibition data such as IC50 values. In summary, this is the first report on the functional surface display of a heterotetrameric enzyme on E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gratz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Andre Bollacke
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Sara Stephan
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian Nienberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, EA 4446 Biomolécules Cancer et Chimiorésistances, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7, 69373, Lyon Cedex 8, France.
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 44, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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