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Nice JB, Collins SM, Agro SMJ, Sinani A, Moros SD, Pasch LM, Brown AC. Heterogeneity of Size and Toxin Distribution in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Outer Membrane Vesicles. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:138. [PMID: 38535804 PMCID: PMC10974469 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with localized aggressive periodontitis as well as some systemic diseases. The strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans most closely associated with disease produce more of a secreted leukotoxin (LtxA) than isolates from healthy carriers, suggesting a key role for this toxin in disease progression. LtxA is released into the bacterial cytosol in a free form as well as in association with the surface of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We previously observed that the highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strain JP2 produces two populations of OMVs: a highly abundant population of small (<100 nm) OMVs and a less abundant population of large (>300 nm) OMVs. Here, we have developed a protocol to isolate the OMVs produced during each specific phase of growth and used this to demonstrate that small OMVs are produced throughout growth and lack LtxA, while large OMVs are produced only during the exponential phase and are enriched with LtxA. Our results indicate that surface-associated DNA drives the selective sorting of LtxA into large OMVs. This study provides valuable insights into the observed heterogeneity of A. actinomycetemcomitans vesicles and emphasizes the importance of understanding these variations in the context of bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Nice
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Shannon M. Collins
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Samuel M. J. Agro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Anxhela Sinani
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Spencer D. Moros
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Leah M. Pasch
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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2
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Schaack B, Mercier C, Katby M, Hannani D, Vollaire J, Robert JS, Caffaratti C, Blanquet F, Nicoud O, Josserand V, Laurin D. Rapid Biodistribution of Fluorescent Outer-Membrane Vesicles from the Intestine to Distant Organs via the Blood in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1821. [PMID: 38339099 PMCID: PMC10855177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A cell's ability to secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) for communication is present in all three domains of life. Notably, Gram-negative bacteria produce a specific type of EVs called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We previously observed the presence of OMVs in human blood, which could represent a means of communication from the microbiota to the host. Here, in order to investigate the possible translocation of OMVs from the intestine to other organs, the mouse was used as an animal model after OMVs administration. To achieve this, we first optimized the signal of OMVs containing the fluorescent protein miRFP713 associated with the outer membrane anchoring peptide OmpA by adding biliverdin, a fluorescence cofactor, to the cultures. The miRFP713-expressing OMVs produced in E. coli REL606 strain were then characterized according to their diameter and protein composition. Native- and miRFP713-expressing OMVs were found to produce homogenous populations of vesicles. Finally, in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging was used to monitor the distribution of miRFP713-OMVs in mice in various organs whether by intravenous injection or oral gavage. The relative stability of the fluorescence signals up to 3 days post-injection/gavage paves the way to future studies investigating the OMV-based communication established between the different microbiotas and their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Schaack
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
- CEA, CNRS, IBS, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Mercier
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Maya Katby
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Dalil Hannani
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Julien Vollaire
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (O.N.); (V.J.)
| | - Julie Suzanne Robert
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Département Scientifique Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Clément Caffaratti
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Françoise Blanquet
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Olivier Nicoud
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (O.N.); (V.J.)
| | - Véronique Josserand
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (O.N.); (V.J.)
| | - David Laurin
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (O.N.); (V.J.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Département Scientifique Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
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Ghasemieshkaftaki M, Cao T, Hossain A, Vasquez I, Santander J. Haemato-Immunological Response of Immunized Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) to Moritella viscosa Challenge and Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:70. [PMID: 38250883 PMCID: PMC10818610 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Winter ulcer disease is a health issue in the Atlantic salmonid aquaculture industry, mainly caused by Moritella viscosa. Although vaccination is one of the effective ways to prevent bacterial outbreaks in the salmon farming industry, ulcer disease related to bacterial infections is being reported on Canada's Atlantic coast. Here, we studied the immune response of farmed immunized Atlantic salmon to bath and intraperitoneal (ip) M. viscosa challenges and evaluated the immunogenicity of M. viscosa cell components. IgM titers were determined after infection, post boost immunization, and post challenge with M. viscosa. IgM+ (B cell) in the spleen and blood cell populations were also identified and quantified by 3,3 dihexyloxacarbocyanine (DiOC6) and IgM-Texas red using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. At 14 days post challenge, IgM was detected in the serum and spleen. There was a significant increase in circulating neutrophils 3 days after ip and bath challenges in the M. viscosa outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) boosted group compared to non-boosted. Lymphocytes increased in the blood at 7 and 14 days after the ip and bath challenges, respectively, in OMVs boosted group. Furthermore, a rise in IgM titers was detected in the OMVs boosted group. We determined that a commercial vaccine is effective against M. viscosa strain, and OMVs are the most immunogenic component of M. viscosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (M.G.); (T.C.); (A.H.); (I.V.)
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Melo J, Cavadas B, Pereira L, Figueiredo C, Leite M. Transcriptomic remodeling of gastric cells by Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13031. [PMID: 37997013 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spontaneously released by Gram-negative bacteria and influence bacteria-host interactions by acting as a delivery system for bacterial components and by interacting directly with host cells. Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium that chronically colonizes the human stomach, also sheds OMVs, and their impact on bacterial-mediated diseases is still being elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transcriptomic profiling of the human gastric cell line MKN74 upon challenge with H. pylori OMVs compared to control and infected cells was performed using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Panel to understand the gene expression changes that human gastric epithelial cells might undergo when exposed to H. pylori OMVs. RESULTS H. pylori OMVs per se modify the gene expression profile of gastric epithelial cells, adding another layer of (gene) regulation to the already complex host-bacteria interaction. The most enriched pathways include those related to amino acid metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, autophagy, and ferroptosis, whereas the cell cycle, DNA replication, and DNA repair were the most downregulated. The transcriptomic changes induced by OMVs were mostly similar to those induced by the parental bacteria, likely amplifying the effects of the bacterium itself. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a valuable portrayal of the transcriptomic remodeling of gastric cells induced by H. pylori OMVs. It demonstrates the breadth of cellular pathways and genes affected by OMVs, most previously unreported, which can be further dissected for the underlying molecular mediators and explored to understand the pathobiology of the full spectrum of H. pylori-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Leite
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Xie J, Haesebrouck F, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: an emerging avenue to tackle diseases. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1206-1224. [PMID: 37330381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research, especially in recent years, has shown that bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are one of the key underlying mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of various diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, sepsis, systemic bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease. Given these new insights, bEVs are proposed as an emerging vehicle that can be used as a diagnostic tool or to tackle diseases when used as a therapeutic target. To further boost the understanding of bEVs in health and disease we thoroughly discuss the contribution of bEVs in disease pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we speculate on their potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers and how bEV-related mechanisms can be exploited as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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6
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Kretschmer M, Müller J, Henke P, Otto V, Rodriguez AA, Müsken M, Jahn D, Borrero-de Acuña JM, Neumann-Schaal M, Wegner A. Isolation and Quantification of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for Quantitative Metabolic Studies Using Mammalian Cell Cultures. Cells 2023; 12:2674. [PMID: 38067103 PMCID: PMC10705164 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are produced by most bacteria and participate in various cellular processes, such as intercellular communication, nutrient exchange, and pathogenesis. Notably, these vesicles can contain virulence factors, including toxic proteins, DNA, and RNA. Such factors can contribute to the harmful effects of bacterial pathogens on host cells and tissues. Although the general effects of BMVs on host cellular physiology are well known, the underlying molecular mechanisms are less understood. In this study, we introduce a vesicle quantification method, leveraging the membrane dye FM4-64. We utilize a linear regression model to analyze the fluorescence emitted by stained vesicle membranes to ensure consistent and reproducible vesicle-host interaction studies using cultured cells. This method is particularly valuable for identifying host cellular processes impacted by vesicles and their specific cargo. Moreover, it outcompetes unreliable protein concentration-based methods. We (1) show a linear correlation between the number of vesicles and the fluorescence signal emitted from the FM4-64 dye; (2) introduce the "vesicle load" as a new semi-quantitative unit, facilitating more reproducible vesicle-cell culture interaction experiments; (3) show that a stable vesicle load yields consistent host responses when studying vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants; (4) demonstrate that typical vesicle isolation contaminants, such as flagella, do not significantly skew the metabolic response of lung epithelial cells to P. aeruginosa vesicles; and (5) identify inositol monophosphatase 1 (SuhB) as a pivotal regulator in the vesicle-mediated pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kretschmer
- Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Müller
- Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Henke
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viktoria Otto
- Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - José Manuel Borrero-de Acuña
- Department of Microbiology, Facultad de Biología, University of Sevilla, Av. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andre Wegner
- Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Croia L, Boscato Sopetto G, Zanella I, Caproni E, Gagliardi A, Tamburini S, König E, Benedet M, Di Lascio G, Corbellari R, Grandi A, Tomasi M, Grandi G. Immunogenicity of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Vesicles: Elucidation of Humoral Responses against OMV-Associated Antigens. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:882. [PMID: 37999368 PMCID: PMC10673343 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a novel and flexible vaccine platform. OMVs can be decorated with foreign antigens and carry potent immunostimulatory components. Therefore, after their purification from the culture supernatant, they are ready to be formulated for vaccine use. It has been extensively demonstrated that immunization with engineered OMVs can elicit excellent antibody responses against the heterologous antigens. However, the definition of the conditions necessary to reach the optimal antibody titers still needs to be investigated. Here, we defined the protein concentrations required to induce antigen-specific antibodies, and the amount of antigen and OMVs necessary and sufficient to elicit saturating levels of antigen-specific antibodies. Since not all antigens can be expressed in OMVs, we also investigated the effectiveness of vaccines in which OMVs and purified antigens are mixed together without using any procedure for their physical association. Our data show that in most of the cases OMV-antigen mixtures are very effective in eliciting antigen-specific antibodies. This is probably due to the capacity of OMVs to "absorb" antigens, establishing sufficiently stable interactions that allow antigen-OMV co-presentation to the same antigen presenting cell. In those cases when antigen-OMV interaction is not sufficiently stable, the addition of alum to the formulation guarantees the elicitation of high titers of antigen-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Croia
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Giulia Boscato Sopetto
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Elena Caproni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Tamburini
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrico König
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Mattia Benedet
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Gabriele Di Lascio
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Riccardo Corbellari
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Alberto Grandi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
- BiOMViS Srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Guido Grandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
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8
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Qin H, Li H, Zhu J, Qin Y, Li N, Shi J, Nie G, Zhao R. Biogenetic Vesicle-Based Cancer Vaccines with Tunable Surface Potential and Immune Potency. Small 2023; 19:e2303225. [PMID: 37330651 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are designed to motivate antigen-specific immune responses and facilitate tumor regression with minimal side effects. To fully exert the potential of vaccines, rationally designed formulations that effectively deliver antigens and trigger potent immune reactions are urgently needed. This study demonstrates a simple and controllable vaccine-developing strategy that assembles tumor antigens into bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), natural delivery vehicles with intrinsic immune adjuvant properties, via electrostatic interaction. This OMV-delivered vaccine (OMVax) stimulated both innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to enhanced metastasis inhibition and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the influence of different surface charged OMVax on antitumor immunity activation is investigated and declined immune response activation occurred with increased positive surface charge. Together, these findings suggest a simple vaccine formulation that can be enhanced by optimizing the surface charges of vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hejia Li
- Third Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Li J, Sun M, Liu L, Yang W, Sun A, Yu J, Liu D, Zhao W, Cheng M, He Z, Gu Z, Sun J. Nanoprobiotics for Remolding the Pro-inflammatory Microenvironment and Microbiome in the Treatment of Colitis. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8593-8601. [PMID: 37625135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great progress of current bacterially based biotherapeutics, their unsatisfying efficacy and underlying safety problems have limited their clinical application. Herein, inspired by probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917, probiotic-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are found to serve as an effective therapeutic platform for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To further enhance the therapeutic effect, the probiotic-derived OMV-encapsulating manganese dioxide nanozymes are constructed, named nanoprobiotics, which can adhere to inflamed colonic epithelium and eliminate intestinal excess reactive oxygen species in the murine IBD model. Moreover, combined with the anti-inflammatory medicine metformin, nanoprobiotics could further remold the pro-inflammatory microenvironment, improve the overall richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, and exhibit better therapeutic efficacy than commercial IBD chemotherapeutics. Importantly, insignificant overt systemic toxicity in this treatment was observed. By integrating cytokine storm calm with biotherapy, we develop a safe and effective bionanoplatform for the effective treatment of inflammation-mediated intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Ao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Dongchun Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Wutong Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321299, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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10
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Thakur M, Dean SN, Caruana JC, Walper SA, Ellis GA. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for In Vitro Catalysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1099. [PMID: 37760201 PMCID: PMC10525882 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biological systems in manufacturing and medical applications has seen a dramatic rise in recent years as scientists and engineers have gained a greater understanding of both the strengths and limitations of biological systems. Biomanufacturing, or the use of biology for the production of biomolecules, chemical precursors, and others, is one particular area on the rise as enzymatic systems have been shown to be highly advantageous in limiting the need for harsh chemical processes and the formation of toxic products. Unfortunately, biological production of some products can be limited due to their toxic nature or reduced reaction efficiency due to competing metabolic pathways. In nature, microbes often secrete enzymes directly into the environment or encapsulate them within membrane vesicles to allow catalysis to occur outside the cell for the purpose of environmental conditioning, nutrient acquisition, or community interactions. Of particular interest to biotechnology applications, researchers have shown that membrane vesicle encapsulation often confers improved stability, solvent tolerance, and other benefits that are highly conducive to industrial manufacturing practices. While still an emerging field, this review will provide an introduction to biocatalysis and bacterial membrane vesicles, highlight the use of vesicles in catalytic processes in nature, describe successes of engineering vesicle/enzyme systems for biocatalysis, and end with a perspective on future directions, using selected examples to illustrate these systems' potential as an enabling tool for biotechnology and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Thakur
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott N. Dean
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Julie C. Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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11
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Charpentier LA, Dolben EF, Hendricks MR, Hogan DA, Bomberger JM, Stanton BA. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles and Immune Modulation of the Host. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:752. [PMID: 37755174 PMCID: PMC10536716 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mediating the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and their human hosts. OMVs are produced by a diverse range of Gram-negative bacteria during infection and play a critical role in facilitating host-pathogen interactions without requiring direct cell-to-cell contact. This article describes the mechanisms by which OMVs are formed and subsequently interact with host cells, leading to the transport of microbial protein virulence factors and short interfering RNAs (sRNA) to their host targets, exerting their immunomodulatory effects by targeting specific host signaling pathways. Specifically, this review highlights mechanisms by which OMVs facilitate chronic infection through epigenetic modification of the host immune response. Finally, this review identifies critical knowledge gaps in the field and offers potential avenues for future OMV research, specifically regarding rigor and reproducibility in OMV isolation and characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily A. Charpentier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (L.A.C.); (E.F.D.); (D.A.H.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Emily F. Dolben
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (L.A.C.); (E.F.D.); (D.A.H.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Matthew R. Hendricks
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Deborah A. Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (L.A.C.); (E.F.D.); (D.A.H.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Jennifer M. Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (L.A.C.); (E.F.D.); (D.A.H.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Bruce A. Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (L.A.C.); (E.F.D.); (D.A.H.); (J.M.B.)
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12
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Caproni E, Corbellari R, Tomasi M, Isaac SJ, Tamburini S, Zanella I, Grigolato M, Gagliardi A, Benedet M, Baraldi C, Croia L, Di Lascio G, Berti A, Valensin S, Bellini E, Parri M, Grandi A, Grandi G. Anti-Tumor Efficacy of In Situ Vaccination Using Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3328. [PMID: 37444437 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ vaccination (ISV) is a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy that consists of the intratumoral administration of immunostimulatory molecules (adjuvants). The rationale is that tumor antigens are abundant at the tumor site, and therefore, to elicit an effective anti-tumor immune response, all that is needed is an adjuvant, which can turn the immunosuppressive environment into an immunologically active one. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are potent adjuvants since they contain several microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) naturally present in the outer membrane and in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, they appear particularly indicted for ISV. In this work, we first show that the OMVs from E. coli BL21(DE3)Δ60 strain promote a strong anti-tumor activity when intratumorally injected into the tumors of three different mouse models. Tumor inhibition correlates with a rapid infiltration of DCs and NK cells. We also show that the addition of neo-epitopes to OMVs synergizes with the vesicle adjuvanticity, as judged by a two-tumor mouse model. Overall, our data support the use of the OMVs in ISV and indicate that ISV efficacy can benefit from the addition of properly selected tumor-specific neo-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caproni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Corbellari
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Samine J Isaac
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Tamburini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Martina Grigolato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Benedet
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Baraldi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Croia
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Alvise Berti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Valensin
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Erika Bellini
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Parri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Grandi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- BiOMViS Srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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13
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Wang H, Tao Z, Zhao X, Wang G, Peng Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu M, Jiang G, He L. Enrichment and Delivery of Target Proteins into the Cell Cytosol via Outer Membrane Vesicles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37336754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Advanced intracellular delivery of proteins has profound applications in both scientific investigations and therapies. However, existing strategies relying on various chemical and physical methods have drawbacks such as the requirement of high concentrations of in vitro prepared target proteins and difficulty in labeling target proteins. Developing new delivery systems integrating the enveloping and labeling of target proteins would bring great advantages for efficient protein transfections. Here, we enriched a high concentration (62 mg/mL) of several target proteins into the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli to employ the native property of OMVs to deliver proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. The results revealed a high protein transfection efficiency from 90 to 97% for different cell lines. Moreover, the free penetration of molecules less than 600 Da across the membrane of OMVs allows direct labeling of target proteins within OMVs, facilitating the visualization of target proteins. Importantly, the nanobody delivered intracellularly by OMVs retains the biological activity of binding with its target, highlighting the advantages of OMVs as an emerging tool for efficient intracellular delivery of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430061, Hubei, China
- Qinhe Life Science Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430061, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
- Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology Transformation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Lichun He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Yu H, Lu Y, Lan F, Wang Y, Hu C, Mao L, Wu D, Li F, Song H. Engineering Outer Membrane Vesicles to Increase Extracellular Electron Transfer of Shewanella oneidensis. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1645-1656. [PMID: 37140342 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria play an essential role in cellular physiology. The underlying regulatory mechanism of OMV formation and its impact on extracellular electron transfer (EET) in the model exoelectrogenShewanella oneidensis MR-1 remain unclear and have not been reported. To explore the regulatory mechanism of OMV formation, we used the CRISPR-dCas9 gene repression technology to reduce the crosslink between the peptidoglycan (PG) layer and the outer membrane, thus promoting the OMV formation. We screened the target genes that were potentially beneficial to the outer membrane bulge, which were classified into two modules: PG integrity module (Module 1) and outer membrane component module (Module 2). We found that downregulation of the penicillin-binding protein-encoding gene pbpC for peptidoglycan integrity (Module 1) and the N-acetyl-d-mannosamine dehydrogenase-encoding gene wbpP involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis (Module 2) exhibited the highest production of OMVs and enabled the highest output power density of 331.3 ± 1.2 and 363.8 ± 9.9 mW m-2, 6.33- and 6.96-fold higher than that of the wild-typeS. oneidensis MR-1 (52.3 ± 0.6 mW m-2), respectively. To elucidate the specific impacts of OMV formation on EET, OMVs were isolated and quantified for UV-visible spectroscopy and heme staining characterization. Our study showed that abundant outer membrane c-type cytochromes (c-Cyts) including MtrC and OmcA and periplasmic c-Cyts were exposed on the surface or inside of OMVs, which were the vital constituents responsible for EET. Meanwhile, we found that the overproduction of OMVs could facilitate biofilm formation and increase biofilm conductivity. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the mechanism of OMV formation and its correlation with EET of S. oneidensis, which paves the way for further study of OMV-mediated EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yujun Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chaoning Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lingfeng Mao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Deguang Wu
- Department of Brewing Engineering, Moutai Institute, Luban Ave, Renhuai 564507, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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15
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Escribano MP, Balado M, Toranzo AE, Lemos ML, Magariños B. The secretome of the fish pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum includes soluble virulence-related proteins and outer membrane vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1197290. [PMID: 37360528 PMCID: PMC10288586 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1197290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenacibaculum maritimum, the etiological agent of tenacibaculosis in marine fish, constitutively secretes extracellular products (ECPs) in which protein content has not been yet comprehensively studied. In this work, the prevalence of extracellular proteolytic and lipolytic activities related to virulence was analyzed in 64 T. maritimum strains belonging to the O1-O4 serotypes. The results showed the existence of a great intra-specific heterogeneity in the enzymatic capacity, particularly within serotype O4. Thus, the secretome of a strain belonging to this serotype was characterized by analyzing the protein content of ECPs and the possible production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Notably, the ECPs of T. maritimum SP9.1 contain a large amount of OMVs that were characterized by electron microscopy and purified. Thus, ECPs were divided into soluble (S-ECPs) and insoluble fractions (OMVs), and their protein content was analyzed by a high-throughput proteomic approach. A total of 641 proteins were identified in ECPs including some virulence-related factors, which were mainly found in one of the fractions, either OMVs or S-ECPs. Outer membrane proteins such as TonB-dependent siderophore transporters and the type IX secretion system (T9SS)-related proteins PorP, PorT, and SprA appeared to be mainly associated with OMVs. By contrast, putative virulence factors such as sialidase SiaA, chondroitinase CslA, sphingomyelinase Sph, ceramidase Cer, and collagenase Col were found only in the S-ECPs. These findings clearly demonstrate that T. maritimum releases, through surface blebbing, OMVs specifically enriched in TonB-dependent transporters and T9SS proteins. Interestingly, in vitro and in vivo assays also showed that OMVs could play a key role in virulence by promoting surface adhesion and biofilm formation and maximizing the cytotoxic effects of the ECPs. The characterization of T. maritimum secretome provides insights into ECP function and can constitute the basis for future studies aimed to elucidate the full role of OMVs in the pathogenesis of fish tenacibaculosis.
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16
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Dean SN, Thakur M, Spangler JR, Smith AD, Garin SP, Walper SA, Ellis GA. Different Strategies Affect Enzyme Packaging into Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050583. [PMID: 37237653 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
All Gram-negative bacteria are believed to produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), proteoliposomes shed from the outermost membrane. We previously separately engineered E. coli to produce and package two organophosphate (OP) hydrolyzing enzymes, phosphotriesterase (PTE) and diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase), into secreted OMVs. From this work, we realized a need to thoroughly compare multiple packaging strategies to elicit design rules for this process, focused on (1) membrane anchors or periplasm-directing proteins (herein "anchors/directors") and (2) the linkers connecting these to the cargo enzyme; both may affect enzyme cargo activity. Herein, we assessed six anchors/directors to load PTE and DFPase into OMVs: four membrane anchors, namely, lipopeptide Lpp', SlyB, SLP, and OmpA, and two periplasm-directing proteins, namely, maltose-binding protein (MBP) and BtuF. To test the effect of linker length and rigidity, four different linkers were compared using the anchor Lpp'. Our results showed that PTE and DFPase were packaged with most anchors/directors to different degrees. For the Lpp' anchor, increased packaging and activity corresponded to increased linker length. Our findings demonstrate that the selection of anchors/directors and linkers can greatly influence the packaging and bioactivity of enzymes loaded into OMVs, and these findings have the potential to be utilized for packaging other enzymes into OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Dean
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Meghna Thakur
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Joseph R Spangler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Aaron D Smith
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Sean P Garin
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott A Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Gregory A Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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17
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Li Q, Zhou G, Fei X, Tian Y, Wang S, Shi H. Engineered Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles with Lipidated Heterologous Antigen as an Adjuvant-Free Vaccine Platform for Streptococcus suis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0204722. [PMID: 36809058 PMCID: PMC10057044 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02047-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are considered a promising vaccine platform for their high built-in adjuvanticity and ability to efficiently induce immune responses. OMVs can be engineered with heterologous antigens based on genetic engineering strategies. However, several critical issues should still be validated, including optimal exposure to the OMV surface, increased production of foreign antigens, nontoxicity, and induction of powerful immune protection. In this study, engineered OMVs with the lipoprotein transport machinery (Lpp) were designed to present SaoA antigen as a vaccine platform against Streptococcus suis. The results suggest that Lpp-SaoA fusions can be delivered on the OMV surface and do not have significant toxicity. Moreover, they can be engineered as lipoprotein and significantly accumulated in OMVs at high levels, thus accounting for nearly 10% of total OMV proteins. Immunization with OMVs containing Lpp-SaoA fusion antigen induced strong specific antibody responses and high levels of cytokines, as well as a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. Furthermore, the decorated OMV vaccination significantly enhanced microbial clearance in a mouse infection model. It was found that antiserum against lipidated OMVs significantly promoted the opsonophagocytic uptake of S. suis in RAW246.7 macrophages. Lastly, OMVs engineered with Lpp-SaoA induced 100% protection against a challenge with 8× the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of S. suis serotype 2 and 80% protection against a challenge with 16× the LD50 in mice. Altogether, the results of this study provide a promising versatile strategy for the engineering of OMVs and suggest that Lpp-based OMVs may be a universal adjuvant-free vaccine platform for important pathogens. IMPORTANCE Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have become a promising vaccine platform due to their excellent built-in adjuvanticity properties. However, the location and amount of the expression of the heterologous antigen in the OMVs delivered by the genetic engineering strategies should be optimized. In this study, we exploited the lipoprotein transport pathway to engineer OMVs with heterologous antigen. Not only did lapidated heterologous antigen accumulate in the engineered OMV compartment at high levels, but also it was engineered to be delivered on the OMV surface, thus leading to the optimal activation of antigen-specific B cells and T cells. Immunization with engineered OMVs induced a strong antigen-specific antibodies in mice and conferred 100% protection against S. suis challenge. In general, the data of this study provide a versatile strategy for the engineering of OMVs and suggest that OMVs engineered with lipidated heterologous antigens may be a vaccine platform for significant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guodong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Fei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Xie J, Cools L, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Pauwels MJ, Vlaeminck I, De Witte C, EL Andaloussi S, Wierda K, De Groef L, Haesebrouck F, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis via C3-C3aR signalling. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12306. [PMID: 36792546 PMCID: PMC9931688 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms that can influence the health of the host. Increasing evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota as a key player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the mechanisms behind the interplay between gut pathogens and AD are still elusive. It is known that bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) act as natural carriers of virulence factors that are central players in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen and H. pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk to develop AD. Here, we are the first to shed light on the role of OMVs derived from H. pylori on the brain in healthy conditions and on disease pathology in the case of AD. Our results reveal that H. pylori OMVs can cross the biological barriers, eventually reaching the brain. Once in the brain, these OMVs are taken up by astrocytes, which induce activation of glial cells and neuronal dysfunction, ultimately leading to exacerbated amyloid-β pathology and cognitive decline. Mechanistically, we identified a critical role for the complement component 3 (C3)-C3a receptor (C3aR) signalling in mediating the interaction between astrocytes, microglia and neurons upon the presence of gut H. pylori OMVs. Taken together, our study reveals that H. pylori has a detrimental effect on brain functionality and accelerates AD development via OMVs and C3-C3aR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Cools
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Marie J. Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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19
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Shagaleeva OY, Kashatnikova DA, Kardonsky DA, Konanov DN, Efimov BA, Bagrov DV, Evtushenko EG, Chaplin AV, Silantiev AS, Filatova JV, Kolesnikova IV, Vanyushkina AA, Stimpson J, Zakharzhevskaya NB. Investigating volatile compounds in the Bacteroides secretome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1164877. [PMID: 37206326 PMCID: PMC10189065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms and their hosts communicate with each other by secreting numerous components. This cross-kingdom cell-to-cell signaling involves proteins and small molecules, such as metabolites. These compounds can be secreted across the membrane via numerous transporters and may also be packaged in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Among the secreted components, volatile compounds (VOCs) are of particular interest, including butyrate and propionate, which have proven effects on intestinal, immune, and stem cells. Besides short fatty acids, other groups of volatile compounds can be either freely secreted or contained in OMVs. As vesicles might extend their activity far beyond the gastrointestinal tract, study of their cargo, including VOCs, is even more pertinent. This paper is devoted to the VOCs secretome of the Bacteroides genus. Although these bacteria are highly presented in the intestinal microbiota and are known to influence human physiology, their volatile secretome has been studied relatively poorly. The 16 most well-represented Bacteroides species were cultivated; their OMVs were isolated and characterized by NTA and TEM to determine particle morphology and their concentration. In order to analyze the VOCs secretome, we propose a headspace extraction with GC-MS analysis as a new tool for sample preparation and analysis of volatile compounds in culture media and isolated bacterial OMVs. A wide range of released VOCs, both previously characterized and newly described, have been revealed in media after cultivation. We identified more than 60 components of the volatile metabolome in bacterial media, including fatty acids, amino acids, and phenol derivatives, aldehydes and other components. We found active butyrate and indol producers among the analyzed Bacteroides species. For a number of Bacteroides species, OMVs have been isolated and characterized here for the first time as well as volatile compounds analysis in OMVs. We observed a completely different distribution of VOC in vesicles compared to the bacterial media for all analyzed Bacteroides species, including almost complete absence of fatty acids in vesicles. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the VOCs secreted by Bacteroides species and explores new perspectives in the study of bacterial secretomes in relation the intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Shagaleeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Kashatnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Kardonsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Konanov
- Laboratory of Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics of Scientific Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A. Efimov
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Bagrov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrei V. Chaplin
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemiy S. Silantiev
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V. Filatova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Vanyushkina
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joanna Stimpson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Natalya B. Zakharzhevskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Natalya B. Zakharzhevskaya,
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20
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Sarshar M, Scribano D, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C, Masotti A. The Acinetobacter baumannii model can explain the role of small non-coding RNAs as potential mediators of host-pathogen interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1088783. [PMID: 36619166 PMCID: PMC9810633 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1088783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) research has accelerated over the past decade, boosted by advances in RNA-seq technologies and methodologies for capturing both protein-RNA and RNA-RNA interactions. The emerging picture is that these regulatory sRNAs play important roles in controlling complex physiological processes and are required to survive the antimicrobial challenge. In recent years, the RNA content of OMVs/EVs has also gained increasing attention, particularly in the context of infection. Secreted RNAs from several bacterial pathogens have been characterized but the exact mechanisms promoting pathogenicity remain elusive. In this review, we briefly discuss how secreted sRNAs interact with targets in infected cells, thus representing a novel perspective of host cell manipulation during bacterial infection. During the last decade, Acinetobacter baumannii became clinically relevant emerging pathogens responsible for nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Therefore, we also summarize recent findings of regulation by sRNAs in A. baumannii and discuss how this emerging bacterium utilizes many of these sRNAs to adapt to its niche and become successful human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Meysam Sarshar, ; Andrea Masotti,
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy,IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Meysam Sarshar, ; Andrea Masotti,
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21
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Laurin D, Mercier C, Quansah N, Robert JS, Usson Y, Schneider D, Hindré T, Schaack B. Extracellular Vesicles from 50,000 Generation Clones of the Escherichia coli Long-Term Evolution Experiment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314580. [PMID: 36498912 PMCID: PMC9737989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical elements of cell-cell communication. Here, we characterized the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by specific clones of Escherichia coli isolated from the Long-Term Evolution Experiment after 50,000 generations (50K) of adaptation to glucose minimal medium. Compared with their ancestor, the evolved clones produce small OMVs but also larger ones which display variable amounts of both OmpA and LPS. Tracking ancestral, fluorescently labelled OMVs revealed that they fuse with both ancestral- and 50K-evolved cells, albeit in different proportions. We quantified that less than 2% of the cells from one 50K-evolved clone acquired the fluorescence delivered by OMVs from the ancestral strain but that one cell concomitantly fuses with several OMVs. Globally, our results showed that OMV production in E. coli is a phenotype that varies along bacterial evolution and question the contribution of OMVs-mediated interactions in bacterial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Laurin
- Département Scientifique Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Etablissement Français du Sang, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 & CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Mercier
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Nyamekye Quansah
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Suzanne Robert
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Usson
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Schneider
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Hindré
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Béatrice Schaack
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, CNRS, IBS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38044 Grenoble, France
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22
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Schaack B, Hindré T, Quansah N, Hannani D, Mercier C, Laurin D. Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Detected in Human Blood from Healthy Donors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota constitutes an important part of the holobiont in which extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in health, especially regarding inter- and intra-kingdom communications. Analysis of EVs from the red blood cell concentrates of healthy donors revealed variable amounts of OmpA and LPS in 12 of the 14 analyzed samples, providing indirect experimental evidence of the presence of microbiota EVs in human circulating blood in the absence of barrier disruption. To investigate the role of these microbiota EVs, we tracked the fusion of fluorescent Escherichia coli EVs with blood mononuclear cells and showed that, in the circulating blood, these EVs interacted almost exclusively with monocytes. This study demonstrates that bacterial EVs constitute critical elements of the host-microbiota cellular communication. The analysis of bacterial EVs should thus be systematically included in any characterization of human EVs.
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23
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Lin L, Wang Y, Srinivasan R, Zhang L, Song H, Song Q, Wang G, Lin X. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals That the Protein Components of Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) in Aeromonas hydrophila Play Protective Roles in Antibiotic Resistance. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1707-1717. [PMID: 35674493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the intracellular mechanisms that contribute to antibiotic resistance have received increasing attention, and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been reported to be related to antibiotic resistance in several Gram-negative bacterial species. However, the intrinsic molecular mechanisms and the form of such antibiotic resistance are still largely unknown. In this study, OMVs from an oxytetracycline (OXY) sensitive aquatic pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila (OXY-S), were found with significantly increased OXY resistance. Interestingly, the OXY-resistant strain (OXY-R) had a more protective role in OXY resistance. Therefore, a DIA-based quantitative proteomics analysis was performed to compare the differential expression of OMV proteins between OXY-R (OMVsR) and OXY-S (OMVsS). The results showed that seven proteins increased and five proteins decreased in OMVsR vs OMVsS. A subsequent antibiotics susceptibility assay showed that the deletion of icd, rpsF, and iscS significantly increased OXY sensitivity. Moreover, the exogenous addition of the crude OMV fractions of overexpressed recombinant proteins in E. coli with rRpsF, rIcd, rIscS, rOmpA, rPepA, rFrdA, and rRplQ demonstrated that these proteins promoted the OXY resistance of A. hydrophila. Overall, our results indicate the important protective role of OMVs in antibiotic resistance in A. hydrophila and provide novel insights on bacterial antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ramanathan Srinivasan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Qingli Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China
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24
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Wang Z, Wen Z, Jiang M, Xia F, Wang M, Zhuge X, Dai J. Dissemination of virulence and resistance genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae via outer membrane vesicle: An important plasmid transfer mechanism to promote the emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2661-e2676. [PMID: 35679514 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is well-known opportunistic enterobacteria involved in complex clinical infections in humans and animals. The domestic animals might be a source of the multidrug-resistant virulent K. pneumoniae to humans. K. pneumoniae infections in domestic animals are considered as an emergent global concern. The horizontal gene transfer plays essential roles in bacterial genome evolution by spread of virulence and resistance determinants. However, the virulence genes can be transferred horizontally via K. pneumoniae-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) remains to be unreported. In this study, we performed complete genome sequencing of two K. pneumoniae HvK2115 and CRK3022 with hypervirulent or carbapenem-resistant traits. OMVs from K. pneumoniae HvK2115 and CRK3022 were purified and observed. The carriage of virulence or resistance genes in K. pneumoniae OMVs was identified. The influence of OMVs on the horizontal transfer of virulence-related or drug-resistant plasmids among K. pneumoniae strains was evaluated thoroughly. The plasmid transfer to recipient bacteria through OMVs was identified by polymerase chain reaction, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and Southern blot. This study revealed that OMVs could mediate the intraspecific and interspecific horizontal transfer of the virulence plasmid phvK2115. OMVs could simultaneously transfer two resistance plasmids into K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli recipient strains. OMVs-mediated horizontal transfer of virulence plasmid phvK2115 could significantly enhance the pathogenicity of human carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae CRK3022. The CRK3022 acquired the virulence plasmid phvK2115 could become a CR-hvKp strain. It was critically important that OMVs-mediated horizontal transfer of phvK2115 lead to the coexistence of virulence and carbapenem-resistance genes in K. pneumoniae, resulting in the emerging of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fufang Xia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Li C, Wen R, Mu R, Chen X, Ma P, Gu K, Huang Z, Ju Z, Lei C, Tang Y, Wang H. Outer Membrane Vesicles of Avian PathogenicEscherichia coli Mediate the Horizontal Transmission of blaCTX-M-55. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040481. [PMID: 35456156 PMCID: PMC9025603 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CTX-M-55 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing in prevalence worldwide without the transmission mechanism being fully clarified, which threatens public and livestock health. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been shown to mediate the gene horizontal transmission in some species. However, whether blaCTX-M-55 can be transmitted horizontally through OMVs in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) has not been reported yet. To test this hypothesis, an ESBL-producing APEC was isolated and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to analyze the location of blaCTX-M-55. Ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography was used to isolate and purify OMVs, and the transfer experiment of blaCTX-M-55 via OMVs was performed finally. Our results showed that the blaCTX-M-55 was located on an IncI2 plasmid. The number and diameter of OMVs secreted by ESBL-producing APEC treated with different antibiotics were significantly varied. The transfer experiment showed that the OMVs could mediate the horizontal transfer of blaCTX-M-55, and the frequency of gene transfer ranged from 10−5 to 10−6 CFU/mL with the highest frequency observed in the Enrofloxacin treatment group. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the antibiotics in promoting and disseminating resistance in the poultry industry and support the restrictions on the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Renqiao Wen
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rongrong Mu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China;
| | - Xuan Chen
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zheren Huang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zijing Ju
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yizhi Tang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; (C.L.); (R.W.); (X.C.); (P.M.); (K.G.); (Z.H.); (Z.J.); (C.L.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-028-8547-1599
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Qasim M, Wrage M, Nüse B, Mattner J. Shigella Outer Membrane Vesicles as Promising Targets for Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:994. [PMID: 35055181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical symptoms of shigellosis, a gastrointestinal infection caused by Shigella spp. range from watery diarrhea to fulminant dysentery. Endemic infections, particularly among children in developing countries, represent the majority of clinical cases. The situation is aggravated due to the high mortality rate of shigellosis, the rapid dissemination of multi-resistant Shigella strains and the induction of only serotype-specific immunity. Thus, infection prevention due to vaccination, encompassing as many of the circulating serotypes as possible, has become a topic of interest. However, vaccines have turned out to be ineffective so far. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising novel targets for vaccination. OMVs are constitutively secreted by Gram-negative bacteria including Shigella during growth. They are composed of soluble luminal portions and an insoluble membrane and can contain toxins, bioactive periplasmic and cytoplasmic (lipo-) proteins, (phospho-) lipids, nucleic acids and/or lipopolysaccharides. Thus, OMVs play an important role in bacterial cell–cell communication, growth, survival and pathogenesis. Furthermore, they modulate the secretion and transport of biomolecules, the stress response, antibiotic resistance and immune responses of the host. Thus, OMVs serve as novel secretion machinery. Here, we discuss the current literature and highlight the properties of OMVs as potent vaccine candidates because of their immunomodulatory, antigenic and adjuvant properties.
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Bitto NJ, Zavan L, Johnston EL, Stinear TP, Hill AF, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. Considerations for the Analysis of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Methods of Vesicle Production and Quantification Can Influence Biological and Experimental Outcomes. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0127321. [PMID: 34937167 DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.01273-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are produced by all bacteria and facilitate a range of functions in host-microbe interactions and pathogenesis. Quantification of BMVs is a critical first step in the analysis of their biological and immunological functions. Historically, BMVs have been quantified by protein assay, which remains the preferred method of BMV quantification. However, recent studies have shown that BMV protein content can vary significantly between bacterial strains, growth conditions, and stages of bacterial growth, suggesting that protein concentration may not correlate directly with BMV quantity. Here, we show that the method used to quantify BMVs can alter experimental outcomes. We compared the enumeration of BMVs using different protein assays and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). We show that different protein assays vary significantly in their quantification of BMVs and that their sensitivity varies when quantifying BMVs produced by different species. Moreover, stimulation of epithelial cells with an equivalent amount of BMV protein quantified using different protein assays resulted in significant differences in interleukin 8 (IL-8) responses. Quantification of Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus BMVs by NTA and normalization of BMV cargo to particle number revealed that BMV protein, DNA, and RNA contents were variable between strains and species and throughout bacterial growth. Differences in BMV-mediated activation of Toll-like receptors, NF-κB, and IL-8 responses were observed when stimulations were performed with equivalent BMV particle number but not equivalent protein amount. These findings reveal that the method of BMV quantification can significantly affect experimental outcomes, thereby potentially altering the observed biological functions of BMVs. IMPORTANCE Recent years have seen a surge in interest in the roles of BMVs in host-microbe interactions and interbacterial communication. As a result of such rapid growth in the field, there is a lack of uniformity in BMV enumeration. Here, we reveal that the method used to enumerate BMVs can significantly alter experimental outcomes. Specifically, standardization of BMVs by protein amount reduced the ability to distinguish strain differences in the immunological functions of BMVs. In contrast, species-, strain-, and growth stage-dependent differences in BMV cargo content were evident when BMVs were enumerated by particle number, and this was reflected in differences in their ability to induce immune responses. These findings indicate that parameters critical to BMV function, including bacterial species, strain, growth conditions, and sample purity, should form the basis of standard reporting in BMV studies. This will ultimately bring uniformity to the field to advance our understanding of BMV functions.
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König E, Gagliardi A, Riedmiller I, Andretta C, Tomasi M, Irene C, Frattini L, Zanella I, Berti F, Grandi A, Caproni E, Fantappiè L, Grandi G. Multi-Antigen Outer Membrane Vesicle Engineering to Develop Polyvalent Vaccines: The Staphylococcus aureus Case. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752168. [PMID: 34819933 PMCID: PMC8606680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of surface antigens and differential expression of virulence factors are frequent strategies pathogens adopt to escape the host immune system. These escape mechanisms make pathogens a "moving target" for our immune system and represent a challenge for the development of vaccines, which require more than one antigen to be efficacious. Therefore, the availability of strategies, which simplify vaccine design, is highly desirable. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are a promising vaccine platform for their built-in adjuvanticity, ease of purification and flexibility to be engineered with foreign proteins. However, data on if and how OMVs can be engineered with multiple antigens is limited. In this work, we report a multi-antigen expression strategy based on the co-expression of two chimeras, each constituted by head-to-tail fusions of immunogenic proteins, in the same OMV-producing strain. We tested the strategy to develop a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive human pathogen responsible for a large number of community and hospital-acquired diseases. Here we describe an OMV-based vaccine in which four S. aureus virulent factors, ClfAY338A, LukE, SpAKKAA and HlaH35L have been co-expressed in the same OMVs (CLSH-OMVsΔ60). The vaccine elicited antigen-specific antibodies with functional activity, as judged by their capacity to promote opsonophagocytosis and to inhibit Hla-mediated hemolysis, LukED-mediated leukocyte killing, and ClfA-mediated S. aureus binding to fibrinogen. Mice vaccinated with CLSH-OMVsΔ60 were robustly protected from S. aureus challenge in the skin, sepsis and kidney abscess models. This study not only describes a generalized approach to develop easy-to-produce and inexpensive multi-component vaccines, but also proposes a new tetravalent vaccine candidate ready to move to development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico König
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Ilary Riedmiller
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Andretta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Carmela Irene
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Frattini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Berti
- Technical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Grandi
- ERC Vaccibiome Unit, Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy.,Infectious Diseases and Cancer Immunotherapy Unit, BiOMViS Srl, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Caproni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Fantappiè
- ERC Vaccibiome Unit, Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Maphosa S, Moleleki LN. Isolation and Characterization of Outer Membrane Vesicles of Pectobacterium brasiliense 1692. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1918. [PMID: 34576813 PMCID: PMC8469291 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) 1692 is an aggressive phytopathogen affecting a broad host range of crops and ornamental plants, including potatoes. Previous research on animal pathogens, and a few plant pathogens, revealed that Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are part of Gram-negative bacteria's (GNB) adaptive toolkit. For this reason, OMV production and subsequent release from bacteria is a conserved process. Therefore, we hypothesized that OMVs might transport proteins that play a critical role in causing soft rot disease and in the survival and fitness of Pbr1692. Here, we show that the potato pathogen, Pbr1692, releases OMVs of various morphologies in Luria Bertani media at 31 °C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the production of OMVs by Pbr1692 cells. Transmission Electron Microscopy showed that these exist as chain-, single-, and double-membrane morphologies. Mass spectrometry followed by Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Virulence Factor, CAZymes, Antibiotic Resistance Ontology, and Bastion6 T6SE annotations identified 129 OMV-associated proteins with diverse annotated roles, including antibiotic stress response, virulence, and competition. Pbr1692 OMVs contributed to virulence in potato tubers and elicited a hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Furthermore, Pbr1692 OMVs demonstrated antibacterial activity against Dickeya dadantii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silindile Maphosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lunnon Road, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Lunnon Road, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lunnon Road, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Lunnon Road, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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30
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Zanella I, König E, Tomasi M, Gagliardi A, Frattini L, Fantappiè L, Irene C, Zerbini F, Caproni E, Isaac SJ, Grigolato M, Corbellari R, Valensin S, Ferlenghi I, Giusti F, Bini L, Ashhab Y, Grandi A, Grandi G. Proteome-minimized outer membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli as a generalized vaccine platform. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12066. [PMID: 33643549 PMCID: PMC7886703 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their potent adjuvanticity, ease of manipulation and simplicity of production Gram‐negative Outer Membrane Vesicles OMVs have the potential to become a highly effective vaccine platform. However, some optimization is required, including the reduction of the number of endogenous proteins, the increase of the loading capacity with respect to heterologous antigens, the enhancement of productivity in terms of number of vesicles per culture volume. In this work we describe the use of Synthetic Biology to create Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)Δ60, a strain releasing OMVs (OMVsΔ60) deprived of 59 endogenous proteins. The strain produces large quantities of vesicles (> 40 mg/L under laboratory conditions), which can accommodate recombinant proteins to a level ranging from 5% to 30% of total OMV proteins. Moreover, also thanks to the absence of immune responses toward the inactivated endogenous proteins, OMVsΔ60 decorated with heterologous antigens/epitopes elicit elevated antigens/epitopes‐specific antibody titers and high frequencies of epitope‐specific IFN‐γ‐producing CD8+ T cells. Altogether, we believe that E. coli BL21(DE3)Δ60 have the potential to become a workhorse factory for novel OMV‐based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zanella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Enrico König
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Luca Frattini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | | | - Carmela Irene
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Francesca Zerbini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Elena Caproni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Samine J Isaac
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Martina Grigolato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Riccardo Corbellari
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences Functional Proteomics Laboratories University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Yaqoub Ashhab
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine
| | - Alberto Grandi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation Siena Italy.,BiOMViS Srl Siena Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology University of Trento Trento Italy
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31
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Johnston EL, Heras B, Kufer TA, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. Detection of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles by NOD-Like Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031005. [PMID: 33498269 PMCID: PMC7863931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are nanoparticles produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that can function to modulate immunity in the host. Both outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and membrane vesicles (MVs), which are released by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, contain cargo derived from their parent bacterium, including immune stimulating molecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Of these, peptidoglycan (PG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are able to activate host innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), known as NOD-like receptors (NLRs), such as nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-containing protein (NOD) 1, NOD2 and NLRP3. NLR activation is a key driver of inflammation in the host, and BMVs derived from both pathogenic and commensal bacteria have been shown to package PG and LPS in order to modulate the host immune response using NLR-dependent mechanisms. Here, we discuss the packaging of immunostimulatory cargo within OMVs and MVs, their detection by NLRs and the cytokines produced by host cells in response to their detection. Additionally, commensal derived BMVs are thought to shape immunity and contribute to homeostasis in the gut, therefore we also highlight the interactions of commensal derived BMVs with NLRs and their roles in limiting inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella L Johnston
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Begoña Heras
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
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32
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Seike S, Kobayashi H, Ueda M, Takahashi E, Okamoto K, Yamanaka H. Outer Membrane Vesicles Released From Aeromonas Strains Are Involved in the Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:613650. [PMID: 33488556 PMCID: PMC7817658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.613650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria ubiquitously distributed in diverse water sources. Several Aeromonas spp. are known as human and fish pathogens. Recently, attention has been focused on the relationship between bacterial biofilm formation and pathogenicity or drug resistance. However, there have been few reports on biofilm formation by Aeromonas. This study is the first to examine the in vitro formation and components of the biofilm of several Aeromonas clinical and environmental strains. A biofilm formation assay using 1% crystal violet on a polystyrene plate revealed that most Aeromonas strains used in this study formed biofilms but one strain did not. Analysis of the basic components contained in the biofilms formed by Aeromonas strains confirmed that they contained polysaccharides containing GlcNAc, extracellular nucleic acids, and proteins, as previously reported for the biofilms of other bacterial species. Among these components, we focused on several proteins fractionated by SDS-PAGE and determined their amino acid sequences. The results showed that some proteins existing in the Aeromonas biofilms have amino acid sequences homologous to functional proteins present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. This result suggests that outer membrane components may affect the biofilm formation of Aeromonas strains. It is known that Gram-negative bacteria often release extracellular membrane vesicles from the outer membrane, so we think that the outer membrane-derived proteins found in the Aeromonas biofilms may be derived from such membrane vesicles. To examine this idea, we next investigated the ability of Aeromonas strains to form outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Electron microscopic analysis revealed that most Aeromonas strains released OMVs outside the cells. Finally, we purified OMVs from several Aeromonas strains and examined their effect on the biofilm formation. We found that the addition of OMVs dose-dependently promoted biofilm formation, except for one strain that did not form biofilms. These results suggest that the OMVs released from the bacterial cells are closely related to the biofilm formation of Aeromonas strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Seike
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eizo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Hiroyasu Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
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33
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Wawrzeniak K, Gaur G, Sapi E, Senejani AG. Effect of Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Membrane Vesicles on Host Oxidative Stress Response. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E275. [PMID: 32466166 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical bodies containing proteins and nucleic acids that are released by Gram-negative bacteria, including Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. The functional relationship between B. burgdorferi OMVs and host neuron homeostasis is not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine how B. burgdorferi OMVs impact the host cell environment. First, an in vitro model was established by co-culturing human BE2C neuroblastoma cells with B. burgdorferi B31. B. burgdorferi was able to invade BE2C cells within 24 h. Despite internalization, BE2C cell viability and levels of apoptosis remained unchanged, but resulted in dramatically increased production of MCP-1 and MCP-2 cytokines. Elevated secretion of MCP-1 has previously been associated with changes in oxidative stress. BE2C cell mitochondrial superoxides were reduced as early as 30 min after exposure to B. burgdorferi and OMVs. To rule out whether BE2C cell antioxidant response is the cause of decline in superoxides, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression was assessed. SOD2 expression was reduced upon exposure to B. burgdorferi, suggesting that B. burgdorferi might be responsible for superoxide reduction. These results suggest that B. burgdorferi modulates cell antioxidant defense and immune system reaction in response to the bacterial infection. In summary, these results show that B. burgdorferi OMVs serve to directly counter superoxide production in BE2C neurons, thereby 'priming' the host environment to support B. burgdorferi colonization.
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Kim SW, Lee JS, Park SB, Lee AR, Jung JW, Chun JH, Lazarte JMS, Kim J, Seo JS, Kim JH, Song JW, Ha MW, Thompson KD, Lee CR, Jung M, Jung TS. The Importance of Porins and β-Lactamase in Outer Membrane Vesicles on the Hydrolysis of β-Lactam Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2822. [PMID: 32316670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane inhibiting the entry of antibiotics. Porins, found within the outer membrane, are involved in regulating the permeability of β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamases are enzymes that are able to inactivate the antibacterial properties of β-lactam antibiotics. Interestingly, porins and β-lactamase are found in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli and may be involved in the survival of susceptible strains of E. coli in the presence of antibiotics, through the hydrolysis of the β-lactam antibiotic. In this study, OMVs isolated from β-lactam-resistant E. coli and from mutants, lacking porin or β-lactamase, were evaluated to establish if the porins or β-lactamase in OMVs were involved in the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics. OMVs isolated from E. coli deficient in β-lactamase did not show any degradation ability against β-lactam antibiotics, while OMVs lacking OmpC or OmpF showed significantly lower levels of hydrolyzing activity than OMVs from parent E. coli. These data reveal an important role of OMVs in bacterial defense mechanisms demonstrating that the OmpC and OmpF proteins allow permeation of β-lactam antibiotics into the lumen of OMVs, and antibiotics that enter the OMVs can be degraded by β-lactamase.
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Roszkowiak J, Jajor P, Guła G, Gubernator J, Żak A, Drulis-Kawa Z, Augustyniak D. Interspecies Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Modulate the Sensitivity of Pathogenic Bacteria and Pathogenic Yeasts to Cationic Peptides and Serum Complement. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225577. [PMID: 31717311 PMCID: PMC6888958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The virulence of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contributes to innate microbial defense. Limited data report their role in interspecies reactions. There are no data about the relevance of OMVs in bacterial-yeast communication. We hypothesized that model Moraxella catarrhalis OMVs may orchestrate the susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria and yeasts to cationic peptides (polymyxin B) and serum complement. Using growth kinetic curve and time-kill assay we found that OMVs protect Candida albicans against polymyxin B-dependent fungicidal action in combination with fluconazole. We showed that OMVs preserve the virulent filamentous phenotype of yeasts in the presence of both antifungal drugs. We demonstrated that bacteria including Haemophilus influenza, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa coincubated with OMVs are protected against membrane targeting agents. The high susceptibility of OMV-associated bacteria to polymyxin B excluded the direct way of protection, suggesting rather the fusion mechanisms. High-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectroscopy (HPLC-UV) and zeta-potential measurement revealed a high sequestration capacity (up to 95%) of OMVs against model cationic peptide accompanied by an increase in surface electrical charge. We presented the first experimental evidence that bacterial OMVs by sequestering of cationic peptides may protect pathogenic yeast against combined action of antifungal drugs. Our findings identify OMVs as important inter-kingdom players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Roszkowiak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.); (G.G.); (Z.D.-K.)
| | - Paweł Jajor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Guła
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.); (G.G.); (Z.D.-K.)
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.); (G.G.); (Z.D.-K.)
| | - Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.); (G.G.); (Z.D.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-6296
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Irene C, Fantappiè L, Caproni E, Zerbini F, Anesi A, Tomasi M, Zanella I, Stupia S, Prete S, Valensin S, König E, Frattini L, Gagliardi A, Isaac SJ, Grandi A, Guella G, Grandi G. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles engineered with lipidated antigens as a platform for Staphylococcus aureus vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21780-8. [PMID: 31591215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) represent an interesting vaccine platform for their built-in adjuvanticity and simplicity of production process. Moreover, OMVs can be decorated with foreign antigens using different synthetic biology approaches. However, the optimal OMV engineering strategy, which should guarantee the OMV compartmentalization of most heterologous antigens in quantities high enough to elicit protective immune responses, remains to be validated. In this work we exploited the lipoprotein transport pathway to engineer OMVs with foreign proteins. Using 5 Staphylococcus aureus protective antigens expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions to a lipoprotein leader sequence, we demonstrated that all 5 antigens accumulated in the vesicular compartment at a concentration ranging from 5 to 20% of total OMV proteins, suggesting that antigen lipidation could be a universal approach for OMV manipulation. Engineered OMVs elicited high, saturating antigen-specific antibody titers when administered to mice in quantities as low as 0.2 μg/dose. Moreover, the expression of lipidated antigens in E. coli BL21(DE3)ΔompAΔmsbBΔpagP was shown to affect the lipopolysaccharide structure, with the result that the TLR4 agonist activity of OMVs was markedly reduced. These results, together with the potent protective activity of engineered OMVs observed in mice challenged with S. aureus Newman strain, makes the 5-combo-OMVs a promising vaccine candidate to be tested in clinics.
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Ronci M, Del Prete S, Puca V, Carradori S, Carginale V, Muraro R, Mincione G, Aceto A, Sisto F, Supuran CT, Grande R, Capasso C. Identification and characterization of the α-CA in the outer membrane vesicles produced by Helicobacter pylori. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:189-195. [PMID: 30734607 PMCID: PMC6327981 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1539716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Helicobacter pylori encodes for carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the α- and β-CA classes, which together with urease, have a pivotal role in the acid acclimation of the microorganism within the human stomach. Recently, in the exoproteome of H. pylori, a CA with no indication of the corresponding class was identified. Here, using the protonography and the mass spectrometry, a CA belonging to the α-class was detected in the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) generated by planktonic and biofilm phenotypes of four H. pylori strains. The amount of this metalloenzyme was higher in the planktonic OMVs (pOMVs) than in the biofilm OMVs (bOMVs). Furthermore, the content of α-CA increases over time in the pOMVs. The identification of the α-CA in pOMVs and bOMVs might shed new light on the role of this enzyme in the colonization, survival, persistence, and pathogenesis of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ronci
- a CeSI-MeT Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale , Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met) , Chieti , Italy.,b Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences , University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- c CNR , Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , Napoli , Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- a CeSI-MeT Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale , Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met) , Chieti , Italy.,d Department of Medicine and Aging Science , G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- e Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Muraro
- b Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences , University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Gabriella Mincione
- b Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences , University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Antonio Aceto
- b Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences , University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Francesca Sisto
- f Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- g NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto , Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- a CeSI-MeT Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale , Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met) , Chieti , Italy.,e Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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Kim SI, Kim S, Kim E, Hwang SY, Yoon H. Corrigendum: Secretion of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1-Encoded Type III Secretion System Effectors by Outer Membrane Vesicles in Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 30930862 PMCID: PMC6423697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seul I Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seongok Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Hwang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Casillo A, Di Guida R, Carillo S, Chen C, Kamasaka K, Kawamoto J, Kurihara T, Corsaro MM. Structural Elucidation of a Novel Lipooligosaccharide from the Antarctic Bacterium OMVs Producer Shewanella sp. HM13. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E34. [PMID: 30626008 PMCID: PMC6357163 DOI: 10.3390/md17010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella sp. HM13 is a cold-adapted Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the intestine of a horse mackerel. It produces a large amount of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are particles released in the medium where the bacterium is cultured. This strain biosynthesizes a single major cargo protein in the OMVs, a fact that makes Shewanella sp. HM13 a good candidate for the production of extracellular recombinant proteins. Therefore, the structural characterization of the components of the vesicles, such as lipopolysaccharides, takes on a fundamental role for understanding the mechanism of biogenesis of the OMVs and their applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the oligosaccharide (OS) isolated from Shewanella sp. HM13 cells as the first step for a comparison with that from the vesicles. The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) was isolated from dry cells, purified, and hydrolyzed by alkaline treatment. The obtained OS was analyzed completely, and the composition of fatty acids was obtained by chemical methods. In particular, the OS was investigated in detail by ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The oligosaccharide was characterized by the presence of a residue of 8-amino-3,8-dideoxy-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo8N) and of a d,d-heptose, with both residues being identified in other oligosaccharides from Shewanella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Guida
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sara Carillo
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training. Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion. Blackrock, Co., A94 X099 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Kouhei Kamasaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Jun Kawamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Kurihara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Kim SI, Kim S, Kim E, Hwang SY, Yoon H. Secretion of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1-Encoded Type III Secretion System Effectors by Outer Membrane Vesicles in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2810. [PMID: 30532744 PMCID: PMC6266720 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical membranous structures released by Gram-negative bacteria. Several bacterial pathogens utilize OMVs as vehicles for the delivery of virulence factors into host cells. Results of our previous study on proteomic analysis revealed that OMVs isolated from Salmonellaenterica serovar Typhimurium had virulence effectors that are known to be translocated by Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS1) into the host cell. In the present study, immunoblot analysis confirmed the secretion of the six T3SS1 effector proteins, namely SipB and SipC (translocators of T3SS1), and SipA, SopA, SopB, and SopE2 (effectors translocated by T3SS1), by OMVs. Results of proteinase K treatment revealed the localization of these T3SS1 effector proteins on the outer surface of OMVs. SipC and SopE2 were secreted by OMVs independent of the three secretion systems T3SS1, T3SS2, and flagella, signifying OMVs to be an alternative delivery system to T3SSs. T3SS1 effectors SipA, SipC, and SopE2 were internalized into the cytoplasm of the host cell by OMVs independent of cellular Salmonella–host cell contact. In epithelial cells, addition of OMVs harboring T3SS1 effectors stimulated the production of F-actin, thereby complementing the attenuated invasion of ΔsopE2 into host cells. These results suggest that S. Typhimurium might exploit OMVs as a long-distance vehicle to deliver T3SS1 effectors into the cytoplasm of the host cell independent of bacteria–host cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul I Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seongok Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Hwang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Boehm M, Simson D, Escher U, Schmidt AM, Bereswill S, Tegtmeyer N, Backert S, Heimesaat MM. Function of Serine Protease HtrA in the Lifecycle of the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2018; 8:70-77. [PMID: 30345086 PMCID: PMC6186014 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne zoonotic pathogen, responsible for a large proportion of bacterial gastroenteritis cases, as well as Guillian-Barré and Miller-Fisher syndromes. During infection, tissue damage is mainly caused by bacteria invading epithelial cells and traversing the intestinal barrier. C. jejuni is able to enter the lamina propria and the bloodstream and may move into other organs, such as spleen, liver, or mesenteric lymph nodes. However, the involved molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. C. jejuni can transmigrate effectively across polarized intestinal epithelial cells mainly by the paracellular route using the serine protease high-temperature requirement A (HtrA). However, it appears that HtrA has a dual function, as it also acts as a chaperone, interacting with denatured or misfolded periplasmic proteins under stress conditions. Here, we review recent progress on the role of HtrA in C. jejuni pathogenesis. HtrA can be transported into the extracellular space and cleaves cell-to-cell junction factors, such as E-cadherin and probably others, disrupting the epithelial barrier and enabling paracellular transmigration of the bacteria. The secretion of HtrA is a newly discovered strategy also utilized by other pathogens. Thus, secreted HtrA proteases represent highly attractive targets for anti-bacterial treatment and may provide a suitable candidate for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Boehm
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Simson
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Escher
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Tan K, Li R, Huang X, Liu Q. Outer Membrane Vesicles: Current Status and Future Direction of These Novel Vaccine Adjuvants. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:783. [PMID: 29755431 PMCID: PMC5932156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants have been of great interest to vaccine formulation as immune-stimulators. Prior to the recent research in the field of immune stimulation, conventional adjuvants utilized for aluminum-based vaccinations dominated the adjuvant market. However, these conventional adjuvants have demonstrated obvious defects, including poor protective efficiency and potential side effects, which hindered their widespread circulation. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) naturally exist in gram-negative bacteria and are capable of engaging innate and adaptive immunity and possess intrinsic adjuvant capacity. They have shown tremendous potential for adjuvant application and have recently been successfully applied in various vaccine platforms. Adjuvants could be highly effective with the introduction of OMVs, providing complete immunity and with the benefits of low toxicity; further, OMVs might also be designed as an advanced mucosal delivery vehicle for use as a vaccine carrier. In this review, we discuss adjuvant development, and provide an overview of novel OMV adjuvants and delivery vehicles. We also suggest future directions for adjuvant research. Overall, we believe that OMV adjuvants would find high value in vaccine formulation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Grande R, Di Marcantonio MC, Robuffo I, Pompilio A, Celia C, Di Marzio L, Paolino D, Codagnone M, Muraro R, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L, Mincione G. Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43629/NCTC 11639 Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) from Biofilm and Planktonic Phase Associated with Extracellular DNA (eDNA). Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1369. [PMID: 26733944 PMCID: PMC4679919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori persistence is associated with its capacity to develop biofilms as a response to changing environmental conditions and stress. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a component of H. pylori biofilm matrix but the lack of DNase I activity supports the hypothesis that eDNA might be protected by other extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and/or Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs), which bleb from the bacteria surface during growth. The aim of the present study was to both identify the eDNA presence on OMVs segregated from H. pylori ATCC 43629/NCTC 11639 biofilm (bOMVs) and its planktonic phase (pOMVs) and to characterize the physical-chemical properties of the OMVs. The presence of eDNA in bOMVs and pOMVs was initially carried out using DNase I-gold complex labeling and Transmission Electron Microscope analysis (TEM). bOMVs and pOMVs were further isolated and physical-chemical characterization carried out using dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. eDNA associated with OMVs was detected and quantified using a PicoGreen spectrophotometer assay, while its extraction was performed with a DNA Kit. TEM images showed that eDNA was mainly associated with the OMV membrane surfaces; while PicoGreen staining showed a four-fold increase of dsDNA in bOMVs compared with pOMVs. The eDNA extracted from OMVs was visualized using gel electrophoresis. DLS analysis indicated that both planktonic and biofilm H. pylori phenotypes generated vesicles, with a broad distribution of sizes on the nanometer scale. The DLS aggregation assay suggested that eDNA may play a role in the aggregation of OMVs, in the biofilm phenotype. Moreover, the eDNA associated with vesicle membrane may impede DNase I activity on H. pylori biofilms. These results suggest that OMVs derived from the H. pylori biofilm phenotype may play a structural role by preventing eDNA degradation by nucleases, providing a bridging function between eDNA strands on OMV surfaces and promoting aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Maria C Di Marcantonio
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research InstituteHouston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilina Codagnone
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Muraro
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA; Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - Luanne Hall-Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA; NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton, UK
| | - Gabriella Mincione
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
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