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Parcheta-Szwindowska P, Habaj J, Krzemińska I, Datta J. A Comprehensive Review of Reactive Flame Retardants for Polyurethane Materials: Current Development and Future Opportunities in an Environmentally Friendly Direction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5512. [PMID: 38791552 PMCID: PMC11121908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes are among the most significant types of polymers in development; these materials are used to produce construction products intended for work in various conditions. Nowadays, it is important to develop methods for fire load reduction by using new kinds of additives or monomers containing elements responsible for materials' fire resistance. Currently, additive antipyrines or reactive flame retardants can be used during polyurethane material processing. The use of additives usually leads to the migration or volatilization of the additive to the surface of the material, which causes the loss of the resistance and aesthetic values of the product. Reactive flame retardants form compounds containing special functional groups that can be chemically bonded with monomers during polymerization, which can prevent volatilization or migration to the surface of the material. In this study, reactive flame retardants are compared. Their impacts on polyurethane flame retardancy, combustion mechanism, and environment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Parcheta-Szwindowska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.H.); (I.K.); (J.D.)
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Luo Y, Geng Z, Zhang W, He J, Yang R. Strategy for Constructing Phosphorus-Based Flame-Retarded Polyurethane Elastomers for Advanced Performance in Long-Term. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3711. [PMID: 37765565 PMCID: PMC10537912 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane elastomer (PUE), which is widely used in coatings for construction, transportation, electronics, aerospace, and other fields, has excellent physical properties. However, polyurethane elastomers are flammable, which limits their daily use, so the flame retardancy of polyurethane elastomers is very important. Reactive flame retardants have the advantages of little influence on the physical properties of polymers and low tendency to migrate out. Due to the remarkable needs of non-halogenated flame retardants, phosphorus flame retardant has gradually stood out as the main alternative. In this review, we focus on the fire safety of PUE and provide a detailed overview of the current molecular design and mechanisms of reactive phosphorus-containing, as well as P-N synergistic, flame retardants in PUE. From the structural characteristics, several basic aspects of PUE are overviewed, including thermal performance, combustion performance, and mechanical properties. In addition, the perspectives on the future advancement of phosphorus-containing flame-retarded polyurethane elastomers (PUE) are also discussed. Based on the past research, this study provides prospects for the application of flame-retarded PUE in the fields of self-healing materials, bio-based materials, wearable electronic devices, and solid-state electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhang LP, Zhao ZG, Huang YY, Zhu CJ, Cao X, Ni YP. Robust, Flame-Retardant, and Anti-Corrosive Waterborne Polyurethane Enabled by a PN Synergistic Flame-Retardant Containing Benzimidazole and Phosphinate Groups. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102400. [PMID: 37242975 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) have attracted great interest owing to their environmentally friendly properties, and are wildly applied in production and daily life. However, waterborne polyurethanes are flammable. Up to now, the challenge remains to prepare WPUs with excellent flame resistance, high emulsion stability, and outstanding mechanical properties. Herein, a novel flame-retardant additive, 2-hydroxyethan-1-aminium (2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethyl)(phenyl)phosphinate (BIEP-ETA) has been synthesized and applied to improve the flame resistance of WPUs, which has both phosphorus nitrogen synergistic effect and the ability to form hydrogen bonds with WPUs. The WPU blends (WPU/FRs) exhibited a positive fire-retardant effect in both the vapor and condensed phases, with significantly improved self-extinguishing performance and reduced heat release value. Interestingly, thanks to the good compatibility between BIEP-ETA and WPUs, WPU/FRs not only have higher emulsion stability, but also have better mechanical properties with synchronously improved tensile strength and toughness. Moreover, WPU/FRs also exhibit excellent potential as a corrosion-resistant coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Zhao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chang-Jian Zhu
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xing Cao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan-Peng Ni
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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4
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Sunflower Oil as a Renewable Resource for Polyurethane Foams: Effects of Flame-Retardants. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235282. [PMID: 36501676 PMCID: PMC9737309 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, polyurethane (PU) manufacturers seek green alternatives for sustainable production. In this work, sunflower oil is studied as a replacement and converted to a reactive form through epoxidation and oxirane opening to produce rigid PU foams. Confirmatory tests such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and hydroxyl value among others were performed to characterize the synthesized polyol. Despite the versatility of rigid PU foams, they are highly flammable, which makes eco-friendly flame retardants (FRs) desired. Herein, expandable graphite (EG) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), both non-halogenated FR, were incorporated under different concentrations to prepare rigid PU foams. Their effects on the physio-mechanical and fire-quenching properties of the sunflower oil-based PU foams were elucidated. Thermogravimetric and compression analysis showed that these foams presented appreciable compressive strength along with good thermal stability. The closed-cell contents (CCC) were around 90% for the EG-containing foams and suffered a decrease at higher concentrations of DMMP to 72%. The burning test showed a decrease in the foam's flammability as the neat foam had a burning time of 80 s whereas after the addition of 13.6 wt.% of EG and DMMP, separately, there was a decrease to 6 and 2 s, respectively. Hence, our research suggested that EG and DMMP could be a more viable alternative to halogen-based FR for PU foams. Additionally, the adoption of sunflower polyol yielded foams with results comparable to commercial ones.
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Yin X, Li L, Pang H, Luo Y, Zhang B. Halogen-free instinct flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes: composition, performance, and application. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14509-14520. [PMID: 35702241 PMCID: PMC9102897 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01822e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideal halogen-free instinct flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes have high flame-retardant efficiency, environmental friendliness, fine compatibility, and good thermostability. Phosphorus flame-retardants are currently widely used in halogen-free instinct flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes (HIFWPU), especially those with phosphorous-nitrogen co-structures. Phosphorous-nitrogen HIFWPU have become a hotspot because their co-structures provide higher flame-retardance as compared to waterborne polyurethanes. This review introduces three main types of HIFWPU based on composition, performance and application. HIFWPU not only have improved flame-retardance but also satisfy the various requirements for functionality. HIFWPU have been widely developed in textile, furniture, automobile, and aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Liqi Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Haosheng Pang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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Gu L, Shi Y, Zhang L. Synthesis and characterization of bio-based "three sources in one" intumescent flame retardant monomer and the intrinsic flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang C, He H, Li Q, Liang X. Synthesis and characterization of flame retardant polyurethane based on new chain extenders. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Qunyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Xutong Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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8
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Yin X, Pang H, Luo Y, Zhang B. Eco-friendly functional two-component flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane coatings: a review. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Green functional two-component flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane (2K-FWPU) coatings possess outstanding green traits, such as providing eco-friendly protection, having low toxicity, and generating no pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haosheng Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Guo X, Geng J, Sun B, Xu Q, Li Y, Xie S, Xue Y, Yan H. Great enhancement of efficiency of intumescent flame retardants by titanate coupling agent and polysiloxane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Jiangtao Geng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Yibo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Hong Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education Taiyuan China
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10
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Gu L, Yu Q, Zhang L. Preparation and characterization of the halogen‐free, smoke suppression, organic–inorganic hybrid flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Linya Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
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11
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A P/N‐containing flame retardant constructed by phosphaphenanthrene, phosphonate, and triazole and its flame retardant mechanism in reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings: Fluorescence, Thermostability and Flame Retardancy. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100492. [PMID: 30965795 PMCID: PMC6418666 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent and flame-retardant two-component waterborne polyurethane coatings were synthesized using 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene, a halogen-free polyphosphate and a hydrophilic curing agent, and their properties were systematically characterized. The average particle sizes and zeta potential values were below 170 nm and −30 mV. Meanwhile, the multifunctional two-component waterborne polyurethane coatings had strong fluorescence intensities. When comparing with the coatings with 0.5 wt % 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene, the coatings with 1.0 wt % 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene had a stronger microphase separation. Interestingly, the thermostability of the multifunctional coatings was remarkably improved through 1.0 wt % 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene, and besides it belonged to nonflammable materials. Additionally, all of the coating films passed the solvent resistance testing. These samples with different amounts of 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene are environmental friendly, especially applications that require transparent and fluorescent coatings.
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Yin X, Luo Y, Zhang J. Synthesis and Characterization of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane by Different Modification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yin
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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14
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Novel phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane designed for high-performance flame-retardant bismaleimide resins. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Gu L, Chai C, Luo Y. Preparation and performance evaluation of phosphorus-nitrogen synergism flame-retardant water-borne coatings for cotton and polyester fabrics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-0954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Ding H, Wang J, Wang C, Chu F. Synthesis of a novel phosphorus and nitrogen-containing bio-based polyols and its application in flame retardant polyurethane sealant. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Zhang P, Fan H, Tian S, Chen Y, Yan J. Synergistic effect of phosphorus–nitrogen and silicon-containing chain extenders on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of waterborne polyurethane. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15869b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A phosphorus–nitrogen–silicon containing waterborne polyurethane (FRWPU) was synthesized in order to improve flame retardancy without sacrificing thermal stability and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Saiqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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18
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Wu G, Li J, Luo Y. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of a novel post-chain extension flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang P, Zhang Z, Fan H, Tian S, Chen Y, Yan J. Waterborne polyurethane conjugated with novel diol chain-extender bearing cyclic phosphoramidate lateral group: synthesis, flammability and thermal degradation mechanism. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A diol bearing cyclic phosphoramidate pendant group was synthesized and covalently conjugated into waterborne polyurethane. The polyurethane possesses long-term hydrolytic stability and good intrinsic flame retardancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Saiqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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Breucker L, Landfester K, Taden A. Phosphonic Acid-Functionalized Polyurethane Dispersions with Improved Adhesion Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24641-24648. [PMID: 26491881 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile route to phosphorus-functionalized polyurethane dispersions (P-PUDs) with improved adhesion properties is presented. (Bis)phosphonic acid moieties serve as adhesion promoting sites that are covalently attached via an end-capping reaction to isocyanate-reactive polyurethane particles under aqueous conditions. The synthetic approach circumvents solubility issues, offers great flexibility in terms of polyurethane composition, and allows for the synthesis of semicrystalline systems with thermomechanical response due to reversible physical cross-linking. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to investigate the effect of functionalization on the semicrystallinity. The end-capping conversion was determined via inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and was surprisingly found to be almost independent of the stoichiometry of reaction, suggesting an adsorption-dominated process. Particle charge detection (PCD) experiments reveal that a dense surface coverage of phosphonic acid groups can be attained and that, at high functionalization degrees, the phosphonic adhesion moieties are partially dragged inside the colloidal P-PUD particle. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD) investigations conducted with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and stainless steel sensors as model surfaces show a greatly enhanced affinity of the aqueous P-PUDs and furthermore indicate polymer chain rearrangements and autonomous film formation under wet conditions. Due to their facile synthesis, significantly improved adhesion, and variable film properties, P-PUD systems such as the one described here are believed to be of great interest for multiple applications, e.g., adhesives, paints, anticorrosion, or dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Breucker
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Adhesive Research, Henkelstrasse 67, 40589 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Taden
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Adhesive Research, Henkelstrasse 67, 40589 Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Wu G, Li J, Chai C, Ge Z, Lin J, Luo Y. Synthesis and characterization of novel post-chain extension flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes with a phosphorus-containing flame retardant diamine (AWPUs) were synthesized and characterized by the method of post-chain extension technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Jinqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Chunpeng Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Zhen Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Jialun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
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