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Boundy-Mills K, Karuna N, Garay LA, Lopez JM, Yee C, Hitomi A, Nishi AK, Enriquez LL, Roberts C, Block DE, Jeoh T. Conversion of cassava leaf to bioavailable, high-protein yeast cell biomass. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3034-3044. [PMID: 30488472 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava leaves are an abundant global agricultural residue because the roots are a major source of dietary carbohydrates. Although cassava leaves are high in protein, the protein is not bioavailable. This work aimed to convert cassava leaves to a bioavailable protein-rich animal feed ingredient using high-protein yeasts. RESULTS The structural proteins (ca 200 g kg-1 d.b.) from sundried cassava leaves were solubilized by mild alkali pretreatment, and the resulting cassava leaf hydrolysate (CLH) was used to screen for growth of 46 high-protein yeasts from 30 species. Promising candidates from the initial screen cultivated at a 10 mL scale demonstrated increases in relative abundance of essential amino acids over that of CLH. In particular, lysine, growth-limiting for some livestock, was increased up to 226% over the CLH content. One yeast, Pichia kudriavzevii UCDFST 11-602, was grown in 3 L of CLH in a bioreactor to examine the scale-up potential of the yeast protein production. While glucose was completely consumed, yeast growth exited log phase before depleting either carbon or nitrogen, suggesting other growth-limiting factors at the larger scale. CONCLUSIONS High-value animal feed with enriched essential amino acid profiles can be produced by yeasts grown on agricultural residues. Yeasts convert structural protein solubilized from cassava leaves to essential amino acid-enriched, digestible protein. The low carbohydrate content of the leaves (ca 200 g kg-1 d.b.), however, necessitated glucose supplementation for yeast growth. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nardrapee Karuna
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - L Antonio Garay
- Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julian M Lopez
- Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Yee
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alex Hitomi
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Audry K Nishi
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren L Enriquez
- Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Roberts
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Blentech Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | - David E Block
- Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tina Jeoh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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PREECE IA. THE FERMENTATION INDUSTRIES. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1950.tb06782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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GILLMAN J, GILBERT C, GILLMAN T, SPENCE I. A simple dietary technique for the production of hepatic necrosis with a consideration of the factors preventing the lesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:201-11. [PMID: 14943702 DOI: 10.1007/bf02876335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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