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Ueda M, Lee J, Yi H, Lee GH, Kim YJ, Kim GH, Oh K, Yoon SH, Nakabayashi K, Park JI. Qualitative Analysis of Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds in Vacuum Gas Oils via Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:2508. [PMID: 38893384 PMCID: PMC11173734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the heavy fractions in crude oil has been important in petroleum industries. It is well known that heavy fractions such as vacuum gas oils (VGOs) include heteroatoms, of which sulfur and nitrogen are often characterized in many cases. We conducted research regarding the molecular species analysis of VGOs. Further refine processes using VGOs are becoming important when considering carbon recycling. In this work, we attempted to classify compounds within VGOs provided by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. Two VGOs were priorly distillated from Kuwait Export crude and Lower Fars crude. Quantitative analysis was performed mainly using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). MALDI-TOF-MS has been developed for analyzing high-molecular-weight compounds such as polymer and biopolymers. As matrix selection is one of the most important aspects in MALDI-TOFMS, the careful selection of a matrix was firstly evaluated, followed by analysis using a Kendrick plot with nominal mass series (z*). The objective was to evaluate if this work could provide an effective classification of VGOs compounds. The Kendrick plot is a well-known method for processing mass data. The difference in the Kendrick mass defect (KMD) between CnH2n-14S and CnH2n-20O is only 0.0005 mass units, which makes it difficult in general to distinguish these compounds. However, since the z* value showed effective differences during the classification of these compounds, qualitative analysis could be possible. The analysis using nominal mass series showed the potential to be used as an effective method in analyzing heavy fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Ueda
- Kyushu Environmental Evaluation Association, Fukuoka 813-0004, Japan
| | - Jongbeom Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yi
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.)
| | - Gang-Ho Lee
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.)
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Hee Kim
- Department of Defense Space Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Inha Technical College, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Ho Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Joo-Il Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
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2
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Dembaremba TO, Majodina S, Walmsley RS, Ogunlaja AS, Tshentu ZR. Perspectives on strategies for improving ultra-deep desulfurization of liquid fuels through hydrotreatment: Catalyst improvement and feedstock pre-treatment. Front Chem 2022; 10:807225. [PMID: 35936099 PMCID: PMC9354497 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.807225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliance on crude oil remains high while the transition to green and renewable sources of fuel is still slow. Developing and strengthening strategies for reducing sulfur emissions from crude oil is therefore imperative and makes it possible to sustainably meet stringent regulatory sulfur level legislations in end-user liquid fuels (mostly less than 10 ppm). The burden of achieving these ultra-low sulfur levels has been passed to fuel refiners who are battling to achieve ultra-deep desulfurization through conventional hydroprocessing technologies. Removal of refractory sulfur-containing compounds has been cited as the main challenge due to several limitations with the current hydroprocessing catalysts. The inhibitory effects of nitrogen-containing compounds (especially the basic ones) is one of the major concerns. Several advances have been made to develop better strategies for achieving ultra-deep desulfurization and these include: improving hydroprocessing infrastructure, improving hydroprocessing catalysts, having additional steps for removing refractory sulfur-containing compounds and improving the quality of feedstocks. Herein, we provide perspectives that emphasize the importance of further developing hydroprocessing catalysts and pre-treating feedstocks to remove nitrogen-containing compounds prior to hydroprocessing as promising strategies for sustainably achieving ultra-deep hydroprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendai O. Dembaremba
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), South Africa, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tendai O. Dembaremba, ; Siphumelele Majodina, ; Zenixole R. Tshentu,
| | - Siphumelele Majodina
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), South Africa, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tendai O. Dembaremba, ; Siphumelele Majodina, ; Zenixole R. Tshentu,
| | - Ryan S. Walmsley
- Research and Development Division, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Adeniyi S. Ogunlaja
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), South Africa, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Zenixole R. Tshentu
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), South Africa, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tendai O. Dembaremba, ; Siphumelele Majodina, ; Zenixole R. Tshentu,
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Guillemant J, Albrieux F, de Oliveira LP, Lacoue-Nègre M, Duponchel L, Joly JF. Insights from Nitrogen Compounds in Gas Oils Highlighted by High-Resolution Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12644-12652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guillemant
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Luis P. de Oliveira
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Marion Lacoue-Nègre
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR − Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Joly
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
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4
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Nadeina K, Kazakov M, Danilova I, Kovalskaya A, Stolyarova E, Dik P, Gerasimov E, Prosvirin I, Chesalov Y, Klimov O, Noskov А. The influence of B and P in the impregnating solution on the properties of NiMo/γ-δ-Al2O3 catalysts for VGO hydrotreating. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Dik PP, Nadeina KA, Kazakov MO, Klimov OV, Gerasimov EY, Prosvirin IP, Noskov AS. Hydrocracking of Vacuum Gasoil on NiMo/AAS-Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared from Citric Acid: Effect of the Catalyst Heat Treatment Temperature. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050418010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Dinkov R, Kirilov K, Stratiev D, Sharafutdinov I, Dobrev D, Nguyen-Hong D, Chapot S, Le-coz JF, Burilkova A, Bakalova D, Yordanov D, Smilkov S. Feasibility of Bitumen Production from Unconverted Vacuum Tower Bottom from H-Oil Ebullated Bed Residue Hydrocracking. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosen Dinkov
- LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas AD, 8104 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | - Duc Nguyen-Hong
- Axens, 89 Boulevard Franklin Roosevelt, 92500 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - Stephane Chapot
- Axens, 89 Boulevard Franklin Roosevelt, 92500 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | | | - Aneliya Burilkova
- SGS Bulgaria Limited, Laboratory Complex-Oil, Gas & Chemicals, 8104 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Bakalova
- SGS Bulgaria Limited, Laboratory Complex-Oil, Gas & Chemicals, 8104 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | | | - Stefan Smilkov
- UTC, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France
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Schmidt L, Bizzi CA, Rosa FC, Cruz SM, Barin JS, Flores EMM. Microwave-induced combustion: towards a robust and predictable sample preparation method. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ideal gas equation was used as a tool for calculating the stoichiometric amount of O2 for efficient sample digestion using MIC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Schmidt
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Cezar A. Bizzi
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Francisco C. Rosa
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Sandra M. Cruz
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Juliano S. Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Erico M. M. Flores
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
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8
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Zhang J, Shan H, Chen X, Liu W, Yang C. Synergistic Process for High Nitrogen Content Feedstocks Catalytic Cracking: A Case Study of Controlling the Reactions of Nitrogen Compounds in Situ. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie403867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaohe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Mochida
- Research
and Education Center of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University, 6-1
Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Osamu Okuma
- The New Industry Research Organization (NIRO), 1-5-2 minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seong-Ho Yoon
- Research
and Education Center of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University, 6-1
Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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10
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McKenna AM, Nelson RK, Reddy CM, Savory JJ, Kaiser NK, Fitzsimmons JE, Marshall AG, Rodgers RP. Expansion of the analytical window for oil spill characterization by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry: beyond gas chromatography. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7530-7539. [PMID: 23692145 DOI: 10.1021/es305284t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional tools for routine environmental analysis and forensic chemistry of petroleum have relied almost exclusively on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), although many compounds in crude oil (and its transformation products) are not chromatographically separated or amenable to GC-MS due to volatility. To enhance current and future studies on the fate, transport, and fingerprinting of the Macondo well oil released from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster, we created an extensive molecular library of the unadulterated petroleum to compare to a tar ball collected on the beach of Louisiana. We apply ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry to identify compositional changes at the molecular level between native and weathered crude oil samples and reveal enrichment in polar compounds inaccessible by GC-based characterization. The outlined approach provides unprecedented detail with the potential to enhance insight into the environmental fate of spilled oil, improved toxicology, molecular modeling of biotic/abiotic weathering, and comprehensive molecular characterization for petroleum-derived releases. Here, we characterize more than 30,000 acidic, basic, and nonpolar unique neutral elemental compositions for the Macondo well crude oil, to provide an archive for future chemical analyses of the environmental consequences of the oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306−4390, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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12
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Challenge in the speciation of nitrogen-containing compounds in heavy petroleum fractions by high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3190-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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