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Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A. Mechanochemical Hydrolysis of Polysaccharide Biomass: Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300554. [PMID: 38224154 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces can affect chemical reactions in a way that thermal reactions cannot do, which may have a variety of applications. In biomass conversion, the selective conversion of cellulose and chitin is a grand challenge because they are the top two most abundant resources and recalcitrant materials that are insoluble in common solvents. However, recent works have clarified that mechanical forces enable the depolymerization of these polysaccharides, leading to the selective production of corresponding monomers and oligomers. This article reviews the mechanochemical hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin, particularly focusing on the scope and mechanisms to show a landscape of this research field and future subjects. We introduce the background of mechanochemistry and biomass conversion, followed by recent progress on the mechanochemical hydrolysis of the polysaccharides. Afterwards, a considerable space is devoted to the mechanistic consideration on the mechanochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, 153-8902, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, 001-0021, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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2
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Ferry MA, Maruyama J, Asoh TA, Uyama H. Porosity-Induced Improvement in KOH Activation of Chitin Nanofiber-Based Porous Carbon Leading to Ultrahigh Specific Capacitance. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200932. [PMID: 35723611 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of chitin-based carbon as a supercapacitor electrode material was investigated by adjusting its pore structure through polystyrene latex templating, without significant N doping. 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-oxidized chitin nanofibers were mixed with polystyrene latex, hydrothermally treated at 220 °C, carbonized, and activated using KOH at 800 °C, yielding activated hierarchical porous carbon. The variation of both polystyrene latex amount and carbonization temperature resulted in changes in the surface area and pore structure, which dictated the degree of pore uniformity and activation efficiency. The pore structure affected activation by allowing the selective removal of amorphous carbon, exposing the basal plane carbon, resulting in higher specific capacitance. By making activated hierarchical porous carbon more conducive to activation, specific capacitance of 567 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 was achieved, with no loss in performance after 10000 charge-discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Adam Ferry
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Maruyama
- Research Division of Environmental Technology, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka, 536-8553, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Asoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Physicochemical characteristics of chitosan from swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) shells prepared by subcritical water pretreatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1646. [PMID: 33462317 PMCID: PMC7813846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of chitosan obtained from the shells of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) and prepared via subcritical water pretreatment were examined. At the deacetylation temperature of 90 °C, the yield, ash content, and molecular weight of chitosan in the shells prepared via subcritical water pretreatment were 12.2%, 0.6%, and 1187.2 kDa, respectively. These values were lower than those of shells prepared via sodium hydroxide pretreatment. At the deacetylation temperature of 120 °C, a similar trend was observed in chitosan molecular weight, but differences in chitosan yield and ash content were not remarkable. At the same deacetylation temperature, the structures of chitosan prepared via sodium hydroxide and subcritical water pretreatments were not substantially different. However, the compactness and thermal stability of chitosan prepared via sodium hydroxide pretreatment was lower than those of chitosan prepared via subcritical water pretreatment. Compared with the chitosan prepared by sodium hydroxide pretreatment, the chitosan prepared by subcritical water pretreatment was easier to use in preparing oligosaccharides, including (GlcN)2, via enzymatic hydrolysis with chitosanase. Results suggested that subcritical water pretreatment can be potentially used for the pretreatment of crustacean shells. The residues obtained via this method can be utilized to prepare chitosan.
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Gollakota A, Savage PE. Effect of Additives on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Polysaccharides. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Gollakota
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 121D Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Phillip E. Savage
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 121D Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Osada M, Kobayashi H, Miyazawa T, Suenaga S, Ogata M. Non-catalytic conversion of chitin into Chromogen I in high-temperature water. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:994-999. [PMID: 31229547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumasa Osada
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
| | - Hisaya Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shin Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, Nagao 30, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8034, Japan
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Yang W, Wang H, Zhou J, Wu S. Hydrolysis kinetics and mechanism of chitin in subcritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Efficient Low Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chinese Reed for Biochar with High Energy Density. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Osada M, Miura C, Nakagawa YS, Kaihara M, Nikaido M, Totani K. Effect of sub- and supercritical water treatments on the physicochemical properties of crab shell chitin and its enzymatic degradation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:718-25. [PMID: 26428177 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of sub- and supercritical water pretreatments on the physicochemical properties of crab shell α-chitin and its enzymatic degradation to obtain N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc)2. Following sub- and supercritical water pretreatments, the protein in the crab shell was removed and the residue of crab shell contained α-chitin and CaCO3. Prolonged pretreatment led to α-chitin decomposition. The reaction of pure α-chitin in sub- and supercritical water pretreatments was investigated separately; we observed lower mean molecular weight and weaker hydrogen bonds compared with untreated α-chitin. (GlcNAc)2 yields from enzymatic degradation of subcritical (350 °C, 7 min) and supercritical water (400 °C, 2.5 min) pretreated crab shell were 8% and 6%, compared with 0% without any pretreatment. This study shows that sub- and supercritical water pretreatments of crab shell provide to an alternative method to the use of acid and base for decalcification and deproteinization of crab shell required for (GlcNAc)2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumasa Osada
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
| | - Chika Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College, Takanashi, Hagisho, Ichinoseki, Iwate 021-8511, Japan
| | - Yuko S Nakagawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College, Takanashi, Hagisho, Ichinoseki, Iwate 021-8511, Japan
| | - Mikio Kaihara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College, Takanashi, Hagisho, Ichinoseki, Iwate 021-8511, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nikaido
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College, Takanashi, Hagisho, Ichinoseki, Iwate 021-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Totani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College, Takanashi, Hagisho, Ichinoseki, Iwate 021-8511, Japan
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Savitri E, Sumarno, Rosyadi A. Degradation of Chitosan by Hydrothermal Process in the Presence of Sonication Pre-Treatment with Supercritical CO2
as Pressurized Fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201550329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Savitri
- Chemical Engineering Department; Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember; Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Sumarno
- Chemical Engineering Department; Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember; Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Achmad Rosyadi
- Chemical Engineering Department; Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember; Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
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Deguchi S, Tsujii K, Horikoshi K. In situ microscopic observation of chitin and fungal cells with chitinous cell walls in hydrothermal conditions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11907. [PMID: 26148792 PMCID: PMC4493705 DOI: 10.1038/srep11907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings of intact chitin in fossil records suggest surprisingly high recalcitrance of this biopolymer during hydrothermal treatments. We also know in the experience of everyday life that mushroom, cells of which have chitinous cell walls, do not fall apart however long they are simmered. We used in situ optical microscopy to examine chitin and fungal cells with chitinous cell walls during hydrothermal treatments, and obtained direct evidence that they remained undegraded at temperatures well over 200 °C. The results show very hot and compressed water is needed to make mushrooms mushy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Deguchi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tsujii
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Koki Horikoshi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
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Aida TM, Oshima K, Abe C, Maruta R, Iguchi M, Watanabe M, Smith RL. Dissolution of mechanically milled chitin in high temperature water. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Yao G, Jin F. Hydrothermal Conversion of Cellulose into Organic Acids with a CuO Oxidant. GREEN CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54458-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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13
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Kobiro K, Sumoto K, Okimoto Y, Wang P. Saccharides as new hydrogen sources for one-pot and single-step reduction of alcohols and catalytic hydrogenation of olefins in supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Tekin K, Karagöz S. Non-catalytic and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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16
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Li Q, Yao G, Zeng X, Jing Z, Huo Z, Jin F. Facile and Green Production of Cu from CuO Using Cellulose under Hydrothermal Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202151s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhibao Huo
- School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fangming Jin
- School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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17
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Ji G, Zhu H, Jiang X, Qi C, Zhang XM. Mechanical strengths of epoxy resin composites reinforced by calcined pearl shell powders. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Kruse A, Maniam P, Spieler F. Influence of Proteins on the Hydrothermal Gasification and Liquefaction of Biomass. 2. Model Compounds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie061047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kruse
- Institute for Technical Chemistry CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Palanikumar Maniam
- Institute for Technical Chemistry CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franziska Spieler
- Institute for Technical Chemistry CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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Latha C. Microwave-assisted extraction of embelin from Embelia ribes. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 29:319-22. [PMID: 17124632 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) process for the selective extraction of embelin from Embelia ribes was developed. Solvent selection, microwave energy input and solid loading were optimized. The rate of extraction and purity of embelin depended upon the solvent used and exposure time to microwaves. Maximum MAE was achieved in acetone with total yield of 92% (w/w) embelin with 90% (w/w) purity with 1% (w/v) raw material loading at 150 W power level in 80 s. Non-polar solvents, such as hexane and dichloromethane, were not effective for the selective extraction of embelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Latha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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Kruse A, Krupka A, Schwarzkopf V, Gamard C, Henningsen T. Influence of Proteins on the Hydrothermal Gasification and Liquefaction of Biomass. 1. Comparison of Different Feedstocks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie049129y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kruse
- Institute for Technical Chemistry CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrzej Krupka
- Institute for Technical Chemistry CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentin Schwarzkopf
- Institute for Technical Chemistry CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Céline Gamard
- Institute for Technical Chemistry CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Henningsen
- Institute for Technical Chemistry CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Fang Z, Minowa T, Smith, RL, Ogi T, Koziński JA. Liquefaction and Gasification of Cellulose with Na2CO3 and Ni in Subcritical Water at 350 °C. Ind Eng Chem Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ie034146t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Fang
- Energy and Environmental Research Group, Department of Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Wong Building, Room 2290, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2, Biomass Technology Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-2 Hiro Suehiro, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki Aza Aoba-04, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,
| | - T. Minowa
- Energy and Environmental Research Group, Department of Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Wong Building, Room 2290, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2, Biomass Technology Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-2 Hiro Suehiro, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki Aza Aoba-04, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,
| | - R. L. Smith,
- Energy and Environmental Research Group, Department of Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Wong Building, Room 2290, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2, Biomass Technology Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-2 Hiro Suehiro, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki Aza Aoba-04, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,
| | - T. Ogi
- Energy and Environmental Research Group, Department of Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Wong Building, Room 2290, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2, Biomass Technology Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-2 Hiro Suehiro, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki Aza Aoba-04, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,
| | - J. A. Koziński
- Energy and Environmental Research Group, Department of Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Wong Building, Room 2290, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2, Biomass Technology Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-2 Hiro Suehiro, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki Aza Aoba-04, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,
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23
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Akiya N, Savage PE. Roles of water for chemical reactions in high-temperature water. Chem Rev 2002; 102:2725-50. [PMID: 12175266 DOI: 10.1021/cr000668w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 705] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Akiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, USA
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25
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Raman G, Gaikar VG. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Piperine from Piper nigrum. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie010359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girija Raman
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vilas G. Gaikar
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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26
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Funazukuri T. Rates of Weight Loss for Lignocellulosic Materials Subjected to Supercritical Fluid/Mixtures. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2000. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.33.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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