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Huang R, Liu T, Peng H, Liu J, Liu X, Ding L, Fang Y. Molecular design and architectonics towards film-based fluorescent sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6960-6991. [PMID: 38836431 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00347k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed encouraging progress in the development of high-performance film-based fluorescent sensors (FFSs) for detecting explosives, illicit drugs, chemical warfare agents (CWAs), and hazardous volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), among others. Several FFSs have transitioned from laboratory research to real-world applications, demonstrating their practical relevance. At the heart of FFS technology lies the sensing films, which play a crucial role in determining the analytes and the resulting signals. The selection of sensing fluorophores and the fabrication strategies employed in film construction are key factors that influence the fluorescence properties, active-layer structures, and overall sensing behaviors of these films. This review examines the progress and innovations in the research field of FFSs over the past two decades, focusing on advancements in fluorophore design and active-layer structural engineering. It underscores popular sensing fluorophore scaffolds and the dynamics of excited state processes. Additionally, it delves into six distinct categories of film fabrication technologies and strategies, providing insights into their advantages and limitations. This review further addresses important considerations such as photostability and substrate effects. Concluding with an overview of the field's challenges and prospects, it sheds light on the potential for further development in this burgeoning area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
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Complexation of a cationic pyrene derivative with sulfobutylether substituted β-cyclodextrin: Towards a stimulus-responsive supramolecular material. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Singh G, Singh PK. Stimulus-Responsive Supramolecular Host-Guest Assembly of a Cationic Pyrene Derivative with Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14628-14638. [PMID: 31609124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In general, aggregation-prone organic molecules are prevented from self-aggregation in the presence of macrocyclic hosts like β-cyclodextrin because of their preference for the formation of inclusion complex with guest molecules. On the contrary, sulfate-laced β-cyclodextrin has been recently reported to induce the aggregation of some of the non-aggregation-prone organic dyes, which have been subsequently utilized for biosensing applications. In the present contribution, we report the interaction of a cationic organic probe molecule, 1-pyrene methyl amine (PMA), which belongs to one of the most useful families of organic fluorescent probes, that is, pyrene, with a sulfated β-cyclodextrin derivative (SCD). Interaction of a cationic probe with a β-cyclodextrin derivative was studied using a variety of photophysical methods such as ground-state absorption, steady-state emission, and time-resolved emission techniques. Detailed photophysical investigations have revealed that SCD induces the ground-state association of PMA molecules. This SCD-induced aggregation of PMA molecules has been attributed to the charge neutralization of the cationic probe by negatively charged sulfate groups, which subsequently lead to their association because of the close proximity on the rims of cyclodextrin. This monomer-dimer equilibrium of the PMA-SCD system is found to be extremely responsive to external chemical stimuli like temperature, pH, ionic strength of the medium, and organic solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide), which projects them as potential platforms for various sensing applications including bioanalytes. The supramolecular assembly has been demonstrated to sense arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences , University of Mumbai , Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400 098 , India
| | - Prabhat K Singh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094 , India
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Mahapatro A. Bio-functional nano-coatings on metallic biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:227-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Faizi MSH, Prisyazhnaya EV. Crystal structure of N (1)-phenyl-N (4)-[(E)-(pyren-1-yl)methyl-idene]benzene-1,4-di-amine. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:261-3. [PMID: 25844182 PMCID: PMC4350710 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015001814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C29H20N2, the dihedral angles subtended by the central p-phenyl-enedi-amine ring with respect to the mean plane of the terminal pyrenyl ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.027 Å) and the terminal N-phenyl ring are 29.34 (4) and 43.43 (7)°, respectively. The conformation about the C=N bond is E. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯π and C-H⋯π inter-actions forming chains propagating along the [10-2] direction. These chains are linked via π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distances are in the range 3.5569 (11)-3.708 (1) Å], forming slabs lying parallel to (30-4).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V. Prisyazhnaya
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Povitroflotsky Avenue 31, 03680 Kiev, Ukraine
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Uglov AN, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A, Guilard R, Averin AD, Beletskaya IP. Optical methods for the detection of heavy metal ions. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n03abeh004414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Canevet D, Repussard V, Sallé M. Multifunctional Photo- and Redox-Active Tetrathiafulvalene-based Organogelators: A Modular Approach. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cao Y, Ding L, Wang S, Liu Y, Fan J, Hu W, Liu P, Fang Y. Detection and identification of Cu2+ and Hg2+ based on the cross-reactive fluorescence responses of a dansyl-functionalized film in different solvents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:49-56. [PMID: 24328087 DOI: 10.1021/am405157k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A dansyl-functionalized fluorescent film sensor was specially designed and prepared by assembling dansyl on a glass plate surface via a long flexible spacer containing oligo(oxyethylene) and amine units. The chemical attachment of dansyl moieties on the surface was verified by contact angle, XPS, and fluorescence measurements. Solvent effect examination revealed that the polarity-sensitivity was retained for the surface-confined dansyl moieties. Fluorescence quenching studies in water declared that the dansyl-functionalized SAM possesses a higher sensitivity towards Hg(2+) and Cu(2+) than the other tested divalent metal ions including Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), and Pb(2+). Further measurements of the fluorescence responses of the film towards Cu(2+) and Hg(2+) in three solvents including water, acetonitrile, and THF evidenced that the present film exhibits cross-reactive responses to these two metal ions. The combined signals from the three solvents provide a recognition pattern for both metal ions at a certain concentration and realize the identification between Hg(2+) and Cu(2+). Moreover, using principle component analysis, this method can be extended to identify metal ions that are hard to detect by the film sensor in water such as Co(2+) and Ni(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, China
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Edwards NY, Liu F, Chen G. Experimental and computational studies of anion recognition by pyridine-functionalised calixarenes. Supramol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.794946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Y. Edwards
- a Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University, Worthington Scranton , Dunmore , PA , 18512 , USA
| | - Fang Liu
- b Department of Chemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , 90095 , USA
| | - Gong Chen
- c Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , 16802 , USA
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Zhang S, Ding L, Lü F, Liu T, Fang Y. Fluorescent film sensors based on SAMs of pyrene derivatives for detecting nitroaromatics in aqueous solutions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 97:31-37. [PMID: 22750335 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The detection of nitroaromatics in aqueous solutions by a novel pyrene-functionalized film has been investigated in the present study. The pyrene moieties were attached on the glass surface via a long flexible spacer based on self-assembled monolayer technique. Steady-state fluorescence measurements revealed that these surface-attached pyrene moieties exhibited both monomer and excimer emission. Nitroaromatics such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) were found to efficiently quench the fluorescence emission of this film. The quenching results demonstrated that the excimer emission of these surface-confined pyrene moieties is more sensitive to the presence of nitroaromatics than the monomer emission. The quenching mechanism was examined through fluorescence lifetime measurement and it revealed that the quenching is static in nature and may be caused by electron transfer from the polycyclic aromatics to the nitroaromatics. Furthermore, the response of the film to nitroaromatics is fast and reversible, and the obtained film shows promising potentials in detecting explosives in aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhang
- Xi'an High Technique Institute, Xi'an 710025, PR China
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Bhowmick DK, Linden S, Devaux A, De Cola L, Zacharias H. Functionalization of amorphous SiO₂ and 6H-SiC(0001) surfaces with benzo[ghi]perylene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride via an APTES linker. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:592-619. [PMID: 22262648 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The successful covalent functionalization of quartz and n-type 6H-SiC with organosilanes and benzo[ghi]perylene-1,2-dicarboxylic dye is demonstrated. In particular, wet-chemically processed self-assembled layers of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and benzo[ghi]perylene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride are investigated. The structural and chemical properties of these layers are studied by contact angle measurements, attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties are measured by confocal microscopy. The wetting angles observed for the organic layers are α = 68° for the APTES-functionalized surface, while angles of α = 85° and 78° are determined for dye-functionalized quartz and 6H-SiC surfaces, respectively. However, not all amino groups of the APTES-functionalized surfaces react to bind dye molecules. Further dye functionalization is not uniform throughout the surface, showing different island sizes of the dye and including different chemical environments. The quartz surface exhibits a higher packing density of dyes than the 6H-SiC surface. The fluorescence lifetimes of the surface-attached dye show double exponential decays of about 1.4 and 4.2 ns, largely independent of the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb Kumar Bhowmick
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Eker B, Yilmaz MD, Schlautmann S, Gardeniers JGE, Huskens J. A supramolecular sensing platform for phosphate anions and an anthrax biomarker in a microfluidic device. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7335-51. [PMID: 22174602 PMCID: PMC3233408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A supramolecular platform based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been implemented in a microfluidic device. The system has been applied for the sensing of two different analyte types: biologically relevant phosphate anions and aromatic carboxylic acids, which are important for anthrax detection. A Eu(III)-EDTA complex was bound to β-cyclodextrin monolayers via orthogonal supramolecular host-guest interactions. The self-assembly of the Eu(III)-EDTA conjugate and naphthalene β-diketone as an antenna resulted in the formation of a highly luminescent lanthanide complex on the microchannel surface. Detection of different phosphate anions and aromatic carboxylic acids was demonstrated by monitoring the decrease in red emission following displacement of the antenna by the analyte. Among these analytes, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and pyrophosphate, as well as dipicolinic acid (DPA) which is a biomarker for anthrax, showed a strong response. Parallel fabrication of five sensing SAMs in a single multichannel chip was performed, as a first demonstration of phosphate and carboxylic acid screening in a multiplexed format that allows a general detection platform for both analyte systems in a single test run with μM and nM detection sensitivity for ATP and DPA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Eker
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (B.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Mahmut Deniz Yilmaz
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail: (M.D.Y.)
| | - Stefan Schlautmann
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (B.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Johannes G. E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (B.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail: (M.D.Y.)
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Evans NH, Rahman H, Davis JJ, Beer PD. Surface-attached sensors for cation and anion recognition. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1739-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kim HJ, Lee MH, Mutihac L, Vicens J, Kim JS. Host-guest sensing by calixarenes on the surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:1173-90. [PMID: 21870018 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15169j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present critical review reports on recent developments of optical nanoparticles based on the association of gold, silver, silica and quantum dots and calixarenes. These hybrid organic-inorganic compounds characterized by a thick organic layer self-assembled on the surface of a core of mineral surface atoms take advantage of the supramolecular recognition of luminescent calixarenes to fabricate nanodevices of nanoparticle size, capable of detecting metal cations, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides. Also presented is an explanation of the involvement of such nanoparticles in biochemical systems. This critical review provides an overview of their preparation, the manner in which they are characterized, and their use (108 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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Gao L, Lü F, Xia H, Ding L, Fang Y. Fluorescent film sensor for copper ion based on an assembled monolayer of pyrene moieties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 79:437-442. [PMID: 21536483 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the construction of a family of fluorescent film sensors for organic copper salts by covalently coupling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on epoxy-terminated self-assembled monolayers on glass plate surfaces. Here we investigate the sensing properties and mechanism of covalently coupling pyrene on a glass plate surface via a long flexible "Y" type spacer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence spectra measurements demonstrate the covalent attachment of pyrene in our adlayer. Compared with those results obtained in the previous studies, this new film sensor did not show highly selectivity for organic copper salts, which can be attributed to the introduction of sulfonyl groups connecting the pyrene moieties and the spacers. The presence of sulfonyl units made the microenvironments of pyrene relatively hydrophilic and thus showed less screening effect for inorganic ions. The specificity and reversibility of the film sensor toward Cu (II) made it attractive for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Transportation Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China.
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Su BL, Moniotte N, Nivarlet N, Chen LH, Fu ZY, Desmet J, Li J. Fl-DFO molecules@mesoporous silica materials: highly sensitive and selective nanosensor for dosing with iron ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 358:136-45. [PMID: 21420099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and selective nanosensor for labile iron pool (LIP) determination, has been designed and prepared by immobilization of Fluoresceine-Desferrioxamine (Fl-DFO), a bifunctional fluoro-siderophore probe molecule with great affinity for iron ions (pKf=30.7), into highly ordered mesoporous silica structure. Different immobilization methods of Fl-DFO molecules, such as their encapsulation in surfactant micelles used as templating agents for the synthesis of mesoporous silica, direct impregnation into the mesochannels of as-synthesized mesoporous silica and their surface anchoring by covalent binding with propylamine groups implanted by post-synthesis on the internal surface of mesochannels, have been explored. Each nanohybrid has been fully characterized by small angle XRD, TEM, SEM, solid state (29)Si and (13)C MAS NMR and N(2) adsorption-desorption. The fluorescence properties of nanohybrids obtained have been correlated with the immobilization methods, generating interesting information concerning the localization of Fl-DFO molecules in the channels of mesoporous silica. The leaching of Fl-DFO molecules from mesoporous materials has been investigated. The nanosensor prepared by surface anchoring of Fl-DFO at the internal surface of mesochannels showed high performances with no leaching effect and high sensitivity in regards to its responses to ferric ions. Its fluorescence intensity decreased as soon as first Fe(III) ions are in contact with this nanosensor. A linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the ferric ions concentration was observed in low micromolar range. The selectivity of this nanosensor towards other metal ions has also been tested and shown its high affinity to ferric ions. This study can allow the design of a stable, portable, simple, regenerable and cost-effective nanosensor highly sensitive and selective for iron ions with detection limits in the range of cellular LIP in cells, e.g. lower micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Karuppannan S, Chambron JC. Supramolecular chemical sensors based on pyrene monomer-excimer dual luminescence. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:964-84. [PMID: 21271681 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The past ten years have seen a spectacular development of chemical sensors based on the monomer-excimer dual luminescence of aromatic systems, such as pyrene. Either in the form of integrated or multicomponent molecular devices these chemosensors have been attracting a high interest above all because of their unique ratiometric properties. This review will focus on the latter systems, which can be classified into two classes: Firstly, the assembly of receptor-effector conjugates is triggerred by the analyte of interest. As a result, the sensor shows monomer to excimer fluorescence switching upon substrate binding. Secondly, the supramolecular assembly that constitutes the sensor is perturbed by interaction with the analyte. This induces a conformational change or the exchange of a component of the system, which is the cause of the luminescence switch effect.
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He G, Yan N, Kong H, Yin S, Ding L, Qu S, Fang Y. A New Strategy for Designing Conjugated Polymer-Based Fluorescence Sensing Films via Introduction of Conformation Controllable Side Chains. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ni Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Kong
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Shixian Qu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
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Ray D, Belin C, Hui F, Fabre B, Hapiot P, Bassani DM. Direct formation of fullerene monolayers using [4+2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2547-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04899b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Preparation of pyrene-functionalized fluorescent film with a benzene ring in spacer and sensitive detection to picric acid in aqueous phase. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Canevet D, Pérez del Pino Á, Amabilino DB, Sallé M. Varied nanostructures from a single multifunctional molecular material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jin Z, Zhang XB, Xie DX, Gong YJ, Zhang J, Chen X, Shen GL, Yu RQ. Clicking fluoroionophores onto mesoporous silicas: a universal strategy toward efficient fluorescent surface sensors for metal ions. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6343-6. [PMID: 20590097 DOI: 10.1021/ac101305e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous SBA-15 silica is an excellent support for constructing fluorescent surface sensors. In this letter, we reported a two-step surface reaction involved strategy to construct efficient fluorescent surface sensors for metal ions by clicking fluoroionophores onto azide-functionalized SBA-15. Our experimental results indicate that such a strategy exhibits an obviously higher loading efficiency within commercial SBA-15 than a previously reported strategy. As a proof-of-concept, a newly designed alkyne-functionalized Hg(2+) fluoroionophore was grafted onto SBA-15 to form a fluorescent Hg(2+) surface sensor. It shows improved sensitivity and selectivity than the fluoroionophore itself working in the solution phase with a detection limit of 2.0 x 10(-8) M for Hg(2+).
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Wu X, Xu B, Tong H, Wang L. Phosphonate-Functionalized Polyfluorene Film Sensors for Sensitive Detection of Iron(III) in both Organic and Aqueous Media. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1019413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Cormode DP, Evans AJ, Davis JJ, Beer PD. Amplification of anion sensing by disulfide functionalized ferrocene and ferrocene-calixarene receptors adsorbed onto gold surfaces. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6532-41. [PMID: 20552121 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A disulfide functionalized bis-ferrocene urea acyclic receptor and disulfide functionalized mono- and bis-ferrocene amide and urea appended upper rim calix[4]arene receptors were prepared for the fabrication of SAM redox-active anion sensors. 1H NMR and diffusive voltammetric anion recognition investigations revealed each receptor to be capable of complexing and electrochemically sensing anions via cathodic perturbations of the respective receptor's ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple. SAMs of a ferrocene urea receptor 3 and ferrocene urea calixarene receptor 17 exhibited significant enhanced magnitudes of cathodic response upon anion addition as compared to observed diffusive perturbations. SAMs of 17 were demonstrated to sense the perrhenate anion in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Cormode
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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Ding L, Fang Y. Chemically assembled monolayers of fluorophores as chemical sensing materials. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:4258-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c003028g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kim SH, Hamdi A, Lee YH, Lee JH, Kim JS, Vicens J. A dipyrenyl calixazacrown as a selective sensor for Pb2+. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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He X, Lam WH, Zhu N, Yam VWW. Design and Synthesis of Calixarene-Based Bis-alkynyl-Bridged Dinuclear AuIIsonitrile Complexes as Luminescent Ion Probes by the Modulation of Au⋅⋅⋅Au Interactions. Chemistry 2009; 15:8842-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for Na+ based on pyrene-modified calix[4]arene derivative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-009-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Jung JH, Lee MH, Kim HJ, Jung HS, Lee SY, Shin NR, No K, Kim JS. Metal ion induced FRET On–Off in naphthyl-pyrenyl pendent tetrahomodioxacalix[4]arene. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Hamdi A, Kim SH, Abidi R, Thuéry P, Kim JS, Vicens J. A dipyrenyl calixazacrown chemosensor for Mg2+. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Ding L, Domińska M, Fang Y, Blanchard G. Fluorescence and electrochemistry studies of pyrene-functionalized surface adlayers to probe the microenvironment formed by cholesterol. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Lü F, Fang Y, Blanchard GJ. Surface-confined energy transfer in mixed self-assembled monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:8752-8759. [PMID: 18605747 DOI: 10.1021/la801022h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated a set of self-assembled monolayers consisting of naphthalene and dansyl derivatives in a range of surface loading ratios for the purpose of examining excitation transport in mixed self-assembled monolayer systems. Both tethered chromophores were immobilized on an epoxide-terminated adlayer on silica via an identical spacer, where the linking chemistry produced an amide linkage. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize these chromophore-containing layers. The excitation transfer behavior of these monolayers has been examined using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Steady-state fluorescence measurements show that excitation transfer from the naphthalene to dansyl chromophores occurs, with the efficiency of excitation transport scaling with chromophore surface loading densities, as expected. The donor lifetimes decrease with increasing acceptor loading density, and the functional form of the acceptor decay was independent of the donor/acceptor ratio. Our findings are not consistent with a homogeneous adlayer, but do provide information on the structural heterogeneity that is characteristic of these interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Lü
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
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Li H, Kang J, Ding L, Lü F, Fang Y. A dansyl-based fluorescent film: Preparation and sensitive detection of nitroaromatics in aqueous phase. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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37
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Schmittel M, Lin H. Electropolymerisable ruthenium(ii) phenanthrolines carrying azacrown ether receptors: metal ion recognition in thin film redox sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b712604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Ding L, Fang Y, Blanchard GJ. Probing the effects of cholesterol on pyrene-functionalized interfacial adlayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11042-50. [PMID: 17900156 DOI: 10.1021/la701310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel set of pyrene-functionalized, covalently bound surface adlayers with and without cholesterol derivatives coadded to the adlayer. We have deposited these adlayers on quartz, oxidized silicon wafers, and indium-doped tin oxide coated substrates. The addition of tethered cholesterol to the adlayer creates a hydrophobic, likely disordered, microenvironment in which the surface-bound pyrene resides. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrate the covalent attachment of both cholesterol and pyrene in our adlayers. The presence of the cholesterol moieties gives rise to a reduction in film thickness, as measured ellipsometrically, and contact angle data indicate significant surface heterogeneity. Steady-state fluorescence data show that the presence of cholesterol moieties reduces the extent of pyrene excimer formation and provides a less polar environment for the chromophore. Fluorescence lifetime measurements on surface-bound pyrene were biexponential, consistent with multiple local environments, regardless of whether tethered cholesterol was present or not. Cyclic voltammetry reveals competition between the pyrene and cholesterol moieties for binding to available surface sites on the epoxide-terminated surface-binding layer we use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
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40
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Shen SK, Hu DD. Fluorescent Probe as Reporter on the Local Structure and Dynamics in Hydrolysis−Condensation Process of Organotrialkoxysilanes. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:7963-71. [PMID: 17592866 DOI: 10.1021/jp0705121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To get some information on the aggregation behaviors of the products derived from different organotrialkoxysilanes, the hydrolysis-condensation processes of some organotrialkoxysilanes have been examined by means of pyrene as fluorescent probe. The organotrialkoxysilanes used in the research were n-octadecyltri-methoxysilane (ODTMS), n-octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GTMS), 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS), and propyltrimethoxy-silane (PTMS). The results show that pyrene as fluorescence probe can respond sensitively not only to the organization state of the hydrolysates but also to the change in the organization state during the condensation process. The organization states during the hydrolysis and condensation can be explained in terms of structures of the products. In the initial stage, the silanols with long organic chains are amphiphilic molecules, and such nature of the silanols can be compared to that of a surfactant. Therefore, the excimer emission of pyrene is extremely obvious because of such silanols being prone to form aggregates. In the case of silanols having short alkyl groups or epoxy groups, these silanols homogenously disperse in solution, which results in the appearance of an only monomer emission of pyrene. In the late stage, the fluorescence behavior of pyrene is also sensitive to structural evolution of the silicates. The fluorescence spectra of pyrene during the condensation of the silanols with short alkyl groups or epoxy groups are almost in silence, indicating that the condensation products, with a low condensation degree, homogeneously disperse in solution. For the silanols with long hydrophobic substituents in different lengths, the changes in fluorescence spectra of pyrene during the condensation are varied. Commonly, the excimer emission is noticeable, implying that the condensation products with high condensation degree inhomogenously disperse in solution. However, the relative excimer/monomer fluorescence intensity is alkyl chain-length dependent. The longer alkyl chains in the condensation products result in the appearance of the obvious excimer emission. These phenomena imply that the condensation degree of the products increases with the length of the alkyl chains. Additionally, the distorted spectrum of pyrene appears in the case of the organotrialkoxysilanes with side chain substituent, illustrating that the steric hindrance between the substituents can be monitored by fluorescence of pyrene. All these results are verified by the fluorescence-quenching measurements. The approach in the present study gives new insights into the local structure and dynamics in hydrolysis-condensation process of organotrialkoxysilanes and emphasizes the influence of the self-assembling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu K Shen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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41
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A novel pyrene-based film: Preparation, optical properties and sensitive detection of organic copper(II) salts. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Cleavage-induced fluorescence change via hydrophilicity control: A new strategy for biological application. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Ding L, Cui X, Han Y, Lü F, Fang Y. Sensing performance enhancement via chelating effect: A novel fluorescent film chemosensor for copper ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Zhang S, Lü F, Gao L, Ding L, Fang Y. Fluorescent sensors for nitroaromatic compounds based on monolayer assembly of polycyclic aromatics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:1584-90. [PMID: 17241091 DOI: 10.1021/la062773s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A class of fluorescent films in which pyrene was assembled, in a monolayer manner, on glass slide surfaces via various flexible spacers of different lengths and substructures was used for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in vapor phase. This design strategy offers several advantages for thin film fluorescent sensory materials. These advantages have been demonstrated experimentally by the sensitive response of the films to the presence of trace amounts of NACs in vapor phase. The fluorescence quenching of the films upon exposure to NACs vapors depends on several factors, including the evaporate rate of the NAC detected, the length of the spacers connecting the sensing element and the substrate surface, and the density of the sensing element on the substrate surface. Further experimentation showed that the sensing process is reversible and free of commonly encountered interference. The sensitive response, reversibility of the sensing process, and freedom from commonly encountered interference of the specially designed films to NACs qualify these materials as promising NACs fluorescent sensory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province and the School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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Basabe-Desmonts L, Reinhoudt DN, Crego-Calama M. Design of fluorescent materials for chemical sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:993-1017. [PMID: 17534482 DOI: 10.1039/b609548h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an enormous demand for chemical sensors for many areas and disciplines. High sensitivity and ease of operation are two main issues for sensor development. Fluorescence techniques can easily fulfill these requirements and therefore fluorescent-based sensors appear as one of the most promising candidates for chemical sensing. However, the development of sensors is not trivial; material science, molecular recognition and device implementation are some of the aspects that play a role in the design of sensors. The development of fluorescent sensing materials is increasingly captivating the attention of the scientists because its implementation as a truly sensory system is straightforward. This critical review shows the use of polymers, sol-gels, mesoporous materials, surfactant aggregates, quantum dots, and glass or gold surfaces, combined with different chemical approaches for the development of fluorescent sensing materials. Representative examples have been selected and they are commented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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47
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Nam H, Granier M, Boury B, Park SY. Functional organotrimethoxysilane derivative with strong intermolecular pi-pi interaction: one-pot grafting reaction on oxidized silicon substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:7132-4. [PMID: 16893203 DOI: 10.1021/la061333y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the fabrication of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on an oxidized silicon substrate with special functionality is an important topic for various applications, it is still very difficult to obtain a densely grafted monolayer. With a newly synthesized organotrimethoxysilane containing a 1-cyano-1,2-bisbiphenyl-ethylene (CNMBE) moiety which provides a strong pi-pi intermolecular interaction, an SAM of well-ordered structure is readily obtained by a one-pot grafting reaction under mild conditions. The aggregation process of the CNMBE moiety, which induced a close packing of organosilane on the substrate, was visually monitored by the fluorescence of the monolayer grafted on quartz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haehyun Nam
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, ENG445, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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He WJ, Qiu L, Li JB, Zhang Y, Guo ZJ, Zhu LG. Structural Effects on the Langmuir Monolayers of Calix[4]arene Induced by Lower Rim Aromatic Substitution. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Kim SH, Choi JK, Kim SK, Sim W, Kim JS. On/off fluorescence switch of a calix[4]arene by metal ion exchange. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Choi JK, Lee A, Kim S, Ham S, No K, Kim JS. Fluorescent Ratiometry of Tetrahomodioxacalix[4]arene Pyrenylamides upon Cation Complexation. Org Lett 2006; 8:1601-4. [PMID: 16597120 DOI: 10.1021/ol0602396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] C-1,2-alternate tetrahomodioxacalix[4]arene pyreneamides were synthesized. Pb(2+) coordination gave a quenched monomer and excimer fluorescence emission, while upon Ca(2+) ion binding, the receptor provides an enhanced excimer and declined monomer emission with ratiometric response. The excimer emission spectra changes are rationalized by frontier molecular orbitals that the effective Py-Py interaction induces emission intensity increases upon Ca(2+) ion complexation, whereas there is no such interaction observed upon Pb(2+) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanosensor & Biotechnology, Dankook University, Seoul 140-714, Korea
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