1
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Liu S, Girolami GS. Platinum(II) Di-ω-alkenyl Complexes as "Slow-Release" Precatalysts for Heat-Triggered Olefin Hydrosilylation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17492-17509. [PMID: 34644053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic hydrosilylation activity of platinum(II) di-ω-alkenyl compounds of stoichiometry PtR2, where R = CH2SiMe2(vinyl) (1) or CH2SiMe2(allyl) (2), and their adducts with 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene (DBCOT), and norbornadiene (NBD), which can be considered as slow-release sources of the reactive compounds 1 and 2. At loadings of 0.5 × 10-6-5 × 10-6 mol %, 1-COD is an active hydrosilylation catalyst that exhibits heat-triggered latency: no hydrosilylation activity occurs toward many olefin substrates even after several hours at 20 °C, but turnover numbers as high as 200000 are seen after 4 h at 50 °C, with excellent selectivity for formation of the anti-Markovnikov product. Activation of the PtII precatalyst occurs via three steps: slow dissociation of COD from 1-COD to form 1, rapid reaction of 1 with silane, and elimination of both ω-alkenyl ligands to form Pt0 species. The latent catalytic behavior, the high turnover number, and the high anti-Markovnikov selectivity are a result of the slow release of 1 from 1-COD at room temperature, so that the concentration of Pt0 during the initial stages of the catalysis is negligible. As a result, formation of colloidal Pt, which is known to cause side reactions, is minimized, and the amounts of side products are very small and comparable to those seen for platinum(0) carbene catalysts. The latent reaction kinetics and high turnover numbers seen for 1-COD after thermal triggering make this compound a potentially useful precatalyst for injection molding or solvent-free hydrosilylation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Gregory S Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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2
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Liu S, Girolami GS. Synthesis and Characterization of 2,2-Dimethylpent-4-en-1-yl Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium: Reversible Olefin Decomplexation and C–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory S. Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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3
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Liu S, Gray D, Zhu L, Girolami GS. Lithium–Olefin π-Complexes and the Mechanism of Carbolithiation: Synthesis, Solution Behavior, and Crystal Structure of (2,2-Dimethylpent-4-en-1-yl)lithium. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Danielle Gray
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory S. Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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4
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Nikitin K, O'Gara R. Mechanisms and Beyond: Elucidation of Fluxional Dynamics by Exchange NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:4551-4589. [PMID: 30421834 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Detailed mechanistic information is crucial to our understanding of reaction pathways and selectivity. Dynamic exchange NMR techniques, in particular 2D exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) and its modifications, provide indispensable intricate information on the mechanisms of organic and inorganic reactions and other phenomena, for example, the dynamics of interfacial processes. In this Review, key results from exchange NMR studies of small molecules over the last few decades are systemised and discussed. After a brief introduction to the theory, the key types of dynamic processes are identified and fundamental examples given of intra- and intermolecular reactions, which, in turn, could involve, or not, bond-making and bond-breaking events. Following that logic, internal molecular rotation, intramolecular stereomutation and molecular recognition will first be considered because they do not typically involve bond breaking. Then, rearrangements, substitution-type reactions, cyclisations, additions and other processes affecting chemical bonds will be discussed. Finally, interfacial molecular dynamics and unexpected combinations of different types of fluxional processes will also be highlighted. How exchange NMR spectroscopy helps to identify conformational changes, coordination and molecular recognition processes as well as quantify reaction energy barriers and extract detailed mechanistic information by using reaction rate theory in conjunction with computational techniques will be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan O'Gara
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Kurogi T, Mane MV, Zheng S, Carroll PJ, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. Divergent Pathways Involving 1,3-Dipolar Addition and N-N Bond Splitting of an Organic Azide across a Zirconium Methylidene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1978-1981. [PMID: 29338114 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The zirconium methylidene (PNP)Zr=CH2 (OAr) (1) reacts with N3 Ad to give two products (PNP)Zr=NAd(OAr) (2) and (PNP)Zr(η2 -N=NAd)(N=CH2 )(OAr) (3), both resulting from a common cycloaddition intermediate (PNP)Zr(CH2 N3 Ad)(OAr) (A). Using a series of control experiments in combination with DFT calculations, it was found that 2 results from a nitrene by a carbene metathesis reaction in which N2 acts as a delivery vehicle and forms N2 CH2 as a side product. In the case of 3, N-N bond splitting of the azide at the α-position allowed the isolation of a rare example of a parent ketimide complex of zirconium. Isotopic labeling studies and solid-state X-ray analysis are presented for 2 and 3, in addition to an independent synthesis for the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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6
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Kurogi T, Mane MV, Zheng S, Carroll PJ, Baik M, Mindiola DJ. Divergent Pathways Involving 1,3‐Dipolar Addition and N−N Bond Splitting of an Organic Azide across a Zirconium Methylidene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Manoj V. Mane
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Mu‐Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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7
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Liu YL, Kehr G, Daniliuc CG, Erker G. Utilizing the TEMPO Radical in Zirconocene Cation and Hydrido Zirconocene Chemistry. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lin Liu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Bravo I, Alonso-Moreno C, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, López-Solera I, Antiñolo A, Albaladejo J. Toward the Prediction of Activity in the Ethylene Polymerisation of ansa-Bis(indenyl) Zirconocenes: Effect of the Stereochemistry and Hydrogenation of the Indenyl Moiety. Chempluschem 2015; 80:963-972. [PMID: 31973254 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and quantum chemical study has been performed on rac- and meso-[Zr{1-Me2 Si(3-η5 -C9 H5 Et)2 }Cl2 ] (rac- and meso-1) and their hydrogenated forms (rac- and meso-2) to understand ligand effects and guide ligand design for more active ansa-bis(indenyl) zirconocenes for the polymerisation of ethylene. The rac-ansa-zirconocene rac-[Zr(1-Me2 Si{3-Et-(η5 -C9 H9 )}2 )Cl2 ] (rac-2) has been prepared and fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The molecular structure of rac-2 has also been determined by single-crystal XRD. The behaviour of the catalysts was analysed in the polymerisation of ethylene and higher activities were obtained for rac-1 and its hydrogenated form rac-2. The influence of the stereochemistry and hydrogenation of the indenyl ligand on the experimental activities has been evaluated by computational studies. The differences along the reaction pathway are dominated by changes in the relative stabilities of the catalytic intermediates. A hybrid density functional B3LYP study, in the presence of toluene as the solvent, indicates that the rac forms give rise to more active species than their meso counterparts. The hydrogenation of the rac forms is a very promising approach to increase activities in polymerisation, in contrast to the meso forms. Finally, the global mechanism rate constants for the polymerisation reaction for each metallocene were calculated by using the thermodynamic formulation of transition-state theory to complement the computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Bravo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Albacete, Edificio Polivalente, s/n, 02071 Albacete (Spain)
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Albacete, Edificio Polivalente, s/n, 02071 Albacete (Spain)
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Isabel López-Solera
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - José Albaladejo
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
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9
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Zirconium(IV)- and hafnium(IV)-containing polyoxometalates as oxidation precatalysts: Homogeneous catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene by hydrogen peroxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Vatamanu M. Synthesis, Structures, and Dynamic Features of d0 Zirconocene–Allyl Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om400972u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Vatamanu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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11
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Dunlop-Brière AF, Baird MC, Budzelaar PHM. [Cp2TiCH2CHMe(SiMe3)]+, an Alkyl–Titanium Complex Which (a) Exists in Equilibrium between a β-Agostic and a Lower Energy γ-Agostic Isomer and (b) Undergoes Hydrogen Atom Exchange between α-, β-, and γ-Sites via a Combination of Conventional β-Hydrogen Elimination–Reinsertion and a Nonconventional CH Bond Activation Process Which Involves Proton Tunnelling. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17514-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4092775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L
3N6, Canada
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12
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Elkin T, Kulkarni NV, Tumanskii B, Botoshansky M, Shimon LJW, Eisen MS. Synthesis and Structure of Group 4 Symmetric Amidinate Complexes and Their Reactivity in the Polymerization of α-Olefins. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4006998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Elkin
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Naveen V. Kulkarni
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mark Botoshansky
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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13
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Frustrated Lewis Pairs Beyond the Main Group: Transition Metal-Containing Systems. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 334:261-80. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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14
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Dunlop-Brière AF, Budzelaar PHM, Baird MC. α- and β-Agostic Alkyl–Titanocene Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael C. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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15
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Velian A, Cummins CC. Synthesis of a diniobium tetraphosphorus complex by a 2(3−1) process. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Chapman AM, Haddow MF, Wass DF. Frustrated Lewis Pairs beyond the Main Group: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Small Molecule Activation with Cationic Zirconocene–Phosphinoaryloxide Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18463-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207936p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy M. Chapman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi F. Haddow
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan F. Wass
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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17
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Kelsen V, Vallée C, Jeanneau E, Bibal C, Santini CC, Chauvin Y, Olivier-Bourbigou H. Investigation of the Reactivity of Hydroxyborate Salts with Group IV Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Zirconium and Hafnium Ionic Complexes [PPN]+[Cp2MMe(OB(C6F5)3)]−. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinciane Kelsen
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de L’Échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Christophe Vallée
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de L’Échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université de Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christine Bibal
- Université de Lyon, ICL, C2P2, UMR 5265 CNRS-ESCPE Lyon-Université Lyon1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Catherine C. Santini
- Université de Lyon, ICL, C2P2, UMR 5265 CNRS-ESCPE Lyon-Université Lyon1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Yves Chauvin
- Université de Lyon, ICL, C2P2, UMR 5265 CNRS-ESCPE Lyon-Université Lyon1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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18
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Zhao X, Stephan DW. Olefin–Borane “van der Waals Complexes”: Intermediates in Frustrated Lewis Pair Addition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12448-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja205598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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19
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Budzelaar PHM. Mechanisms of branch formation in metal-catalyzed ethene polymerization. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Metal-free carbon dioxide reduction and acidic C–H activations using a frustrated Lewis pair. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Liu D, Shen H, Wang Y, Cai Y, Xie Z. Synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of Group 4 metallacarboranes bearing the ligand [H2C(C5Me4)(C2B9H10)]3-. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:628-37. [PMID: 21254436 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new organic-inorganic hybrid ligand H(2)C(C(5)Me(4)H)(C(2)B(10)H(11)) (2) has been prepared. A selective deboration reaction with piperidine in ethanol resulted in the isolation of [Me(3)NH][H(2)C(C(5)Me(4)H)(C(2)B(9)H(11))] (3). An amine-elimination reaction of 3 with [Zr(NMe(2))(4)] produced a neutral metal-amide complex [η(5):η(5)-H(2)C(C(5)Me(4))(C(2)B(9)H(10))]Zr(NMe(2))(NHMe(2)) (4). The double-ring-opening reaction of 4 with tetrahydrofuran (THF) afforded [η(5):η(5)-H(2)C(C(5)Me(4))(C(2)B(9)H(10))]Zr (OCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2))(2)N(CH(3))(2) (5). Treatment of the trianionic salt of 3 with [MCl(4)(thf)(2)] gave complexes [{η(5):η(5)-H(2)C(C(5)Me(4))(C(2)B(9)H(10))}M(μ-Cl)(2)][Li(thf)(2)] (M=Zr (6), Hf (7)). Reaction of 6 with LiCH(2)TMS generated the ionic species [{η(5):η(5)-H(2)C(C(5)Me(4))(C(2)B(9)H(10))}Zr(CH(2)TMS)(2)][Li(thf)(3)] (9). Interaction of complex 6 with KCH(2)(NMe(2))-o-C(6)H(4) led to the formation of the neutral metal alkyl complex [η(5):η(5)-H(2)C(C(5)Me(4))(C(2)B(9)H(10))]Zr[σ:σ-CH(2)(NMe(2))-o-C(6)H(4)] (10). All complexes have been fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. Some were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Sauriol F, Sonnenberg JF, Chadder SJ, Dunlop-Brière AF, Baird MC, Budzelaar PHM. Remarkable Reactions and Intermediates in Titanocene(IV) Chemistry: Migratory Insertion Reactions of 2,2-Disubstituted-1-alkenes, Intramolecular 1,5-σ Bond Metathesis via ε-Agostic Interactions, and a Rare Example of a β-Agostic Alkyltitanocene Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13357-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104526v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Bochmann M. The Chemistry of Catalyst Activation: The Case of Group 4 Polymerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1004447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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24
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Smith JC, Ma K, Piers WE, Parvez M, McDonald R. A new weakly coordinating aluminate anion incorporating a chelating perfluoro-bis-anilido ligand. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10256-63. [PMID: 20838689 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00846j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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25
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Ramos A, Otten E, Stephan DW. Stabilizing Zr and Ti Cations by Interaction With a Ferrocenyl Fragment. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15610-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9077446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Edwin Otten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
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26
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Sauriol F, Wong E, Leung AMH, Donaghue IE, Baird MC, Wondimagegn T, Ziegler T. Structures and properties of nonchelated, d0 alkyl alkene complexes of the type [Cp2ZrMe(alkene)]+: elusive intermediates during Ziegler-Natta polymerizations of alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3342-5. [PMID: 19343747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caught in the act: An alkyl alkene Zr(IV) complex (see picture; Cp = C(5)H(5)) has been synthesized and characterized for the first time. The alkene bonding mode is highly asymmetric, and C2 is quite carbocationic. There is also evidence for rotation about the C1-C2 bond. This extremely unusual complex provides an exemplar of previously unknown intermediates in Ziegler-Natta and carbocationic polymerization reactions of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Sauriol
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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27
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Sauriol F, Wong E, Leung A, Donaghue I, Baird M, Wondimagegn T, Ziegler T. Structures and Properties of Nonchelated, d 0Alkyl Alkene Complexes of the Type [Cp 2ZrMe(alkene)] +: Elusive Intermediates during Ziegler-Natta Polymerizations of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Price C, Chen HY, Launer L, Miller S. Weakly Coordinating Cations as Alternatives to Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:956-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Price C, Chen HY, Launer L, Miller S. Weakly Coordinating Cations as Alternatives to Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Ugolotti J, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Grimme S, Erker G. Five-Membered Zirconacycloallenoids: Synthesis and Characterization of Members of a Unique Class of Internally Metal-Stabilized Bent Allenoid Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1996-2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8084302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Ugolotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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31
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Wallenhorst C, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Erker G. Unsymmetrical Bis(iminoethyl)pyridine Metal Complexes with a Pendant Alkenyl Substituent. Part B: Internal Olefin Coordination to Ruthenium. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800727q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wallenhorst
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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32
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Friesen DM, Piers WE, Parvez M. Selective Catalytic Dimerization of Neohexene by [Cp*Ti(NPtBu3)Me][B(C6F5)4]. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Friesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Masood Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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33
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Nienkemper K, Lee H, Jordan RF, Ariafard A, Dang L, Lin Z. Synthesis of Double-End-Capped Polyethylene by a Cationic Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Zirconium Benzyl Complex. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800558w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nienkemper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Han Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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34
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Alonso-Moreno C, Lancaster SJ, Wright JA, Hughes DL, Zuccaccia C, Correa A, Macchioni A, Cavallo L, Bochmann M. Ligand Mobility and Solution Structures of the Metallocenium Ion Pairs [Me2C(Cp)(fluorenyl)MCH2SiMe3+···X−] (M = Zr, Hf; X = MeB(C6F5)3, B(C6F5)4). Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800486p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Simon J. Lancaster
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Joseph A. Wright
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - David L. Hughes
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Correa
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
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35
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Liu D, Wang Y, Chan HS, Tang Y, Xie Z. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Group 4 Metallacarboranes Bearing the Ligand [Me2C(C9H6)(C2B9H10)]3−. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Hoi-Shan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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36
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Bouwkamp MW, Batinas AA, Witte PT, Hubregtse T, Dam J, Meetsma A, Teuben JH, Hessen B. Relative Reactivity of the Metal−Amido versus Metal−Imido Bond in Linked Cp-Amido and Half-Sandwich Complexes of Vanadium. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco W. Bouwkamp
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Department, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aurora A. Batinas
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Department, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter T. Witte
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Department, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Hubregtse
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Department, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dam
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Department, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Auke Meetsma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Department, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Teuben
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Department, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Hessen
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry Department, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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37
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Trovitch RJ, Lobkovsky E, Bill E, Chirik PJ. Functional Group Tolerance and Substrate Scope in Bis(imino)pyridine Iron Catalyzed Alkene Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701091z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Trovitch
- Max-Planck Institute of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Emil Lobkovsky
- Max-Planck Institute of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck Institute of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Max-Planck Institute of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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38
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Vatamanu M, Stojcevic G, Baird MC. Detection of an eta(1)-alkene intermediate of the type [Cp2Zr(Me)(eta(1)-alkene)]+: the role of such species in metallocene catalyst deactivation to allylic species. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:454-6. [PMID: 17910451 DOI: 10.1021/ja0742683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Vatamanu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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39
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Ramos C, Royo P, Lanfranchi M, Pellinghelli MA, Tiripicchio A. [(Allylsilyl)(η-amidosilyl)-η5-cyclopentadienyl] Group 4 Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Olefin Polymerization. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om060900+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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41
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42
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Stoebenau EJ, Jordan RF. Nonchelated Alkene and Alkyne Complexes of d0 Zirconocene Pentafluorophenyl Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:8638-50. [PMID: 16802830 DOI: 10.1021/ja057524p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the generation and properties of nonchelated d(0) zirconocene-aryl-alkene and alkyne adducts that are stabilized by the presence of beta-SiMe(3) substituents on the substrates and the weak nucleophilicity of the -C(6)F(5) ligand. The cationic complexes [(C(5)H(4)R)(2)Zr(C(6)F(5))][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] (4a: R = H, 4b: R = Me) were generated by methide abstraction from (C(5)H(4)R)(2)Zr(C(6)F(5))Me by Ph(3)C(+). NMR studies show that 4a,b contain an o-CF...Zr dative interaction and probably coordinate a PhCl molecule in PhCl solution. Addition of allyltrimethylsilane (ATMS) to 4a,b in C(6)D(5)Cl solution at low temperature produces an equilibrium mixture of (C(5)H(4)R)(2)Zr(C(6)F(5))(H(2)C=CHCH(2)SiMe(3))(+) (7a,b), 4a,b, and free ATMS. Similarly, addition of propargyltrimethylsilane (PTMS) to 4a produces an equilibrium mixture of Cp(2)Zr(C(6)F(5))(HCCCH(2)SiMe(3))(+) (8a), 4a, and free PTMS. The NMR data for 7a,b,and 8a are consistent with highly unsymmetrical substrate coordination and substantial polarization of the substrate multiple bond with significant positive charge buildup at C(int) and negative charge buildup at C(term). PTMS binds to 4a more strongly than ATMS does. The ATMS adducts undergo nondissociative alkene face exchange ("alkene flipping"), i.e., exchange of the (C(5)H(4)R)(2)Zr(C(6)F(5))(+) unit between the two alkene enantiofaces without decomplexation of the alkene, on the NMR time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Stoebenau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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43
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Abstract
The reaction of Cp'2Zr(O(t)Bu)Me (Cp' = C5H4Me) and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] yields the base-free complex [Cp'2Zr(O(t)Bu)][B(C6F5)4] (6), which exists as Cp'2Zr(O(t)Bu)(ClR)+ halocarbon adducts in CD2Cl2 or C6D5Cl solution. Addition of alkenes to 6 in CD2Cl2 solution at low temperature gives equilibrium mixtures of Cp'2Zr(O(t)Bu)(alkene)+ (12a-l), 6, and free alkene. The NMR data for 12a-l are consistent with unsymmetrical alkene bonding and polarization of the alkene C=C bond with positive charge buildup at C(int) and negative charge buildup at C(term). These features arise due to the lack of d-pi* back-bonding. Equilibrium constants for alkene coordination to 6 in CD2Cl2 at -89 degrees C, K(eq) = [12][6](-1)[alkene](-1), vary in the order: vinylferrocene (4800 M(-1)) >> ethylene (7.0) approximately alpha-olefins > cis-2-butene (2.2) > trans-2-butene (<0.1). Alkene coordination is inhibited by sterically bulky substituents on the alkene but is greatly enhanced by electron-donating groups and the beta-Si effect. Compounds 12a-l undergo two dynamic processes: reversible alkene decomplexation via associative substitution of a CD2Cl2 molecule, and rapid rotation of the alkene around the metal-(alkene centroid) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Stoebenau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Stoebenau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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45
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Siewert I, Limberg C, Ziemer B. High-valent Molybdenum Imido Complexes with Tethered Olefins. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hill
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola F. Wendt
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
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47
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Ramos C, Royo P, Lanfranchi M, Pellinghelli MA, Tiripicchio A. Zirconium and Hafnium Complexes with (Allylsilyl)(η-amidosilyl)-η5-cyclopentadienyl Ligands: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Martínez G, Royo P. Allyldimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl Hafnium Complexes: Formation and Trapping of Hafnocenium Cations. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050437l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gema Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871-Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Pascual Royo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871-Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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49
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Evans WJ, Kozimor SA, Brady JC, Davis BL, Nyce GW, Seibel CA, Ziller JW, Doedens RJ. Metallocene Allyl Reactivity in the Presence of Alkenes Tethered to Cyclopentadienyl Ligands. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om049286x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Jason C. Brady
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Benjamin L. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Gregory W. Nyce
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | | | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Robert J. Doedens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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50
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Synthesis and characterization of η5-cyclopentadienyl–silylallyl niobium and tantalum complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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