1
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Brotsman VA, Tamm NB, Troyanov SI. Structural Chemistry of Pentagon-Fused C 82 Fullerene Derivatives #39173C 82(CF 3) 14,16,18 and #39173C 82Cl 28. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2425-2429. [PMID: 36668679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature chlorination of the most stable Isolated-Pentagon-Rule (IPR) isomer of fullerene C82, C2-C82(3), invariably produces non-IPR #39173C82Cl28, containing one pentagon-pentagon fusion in the carbon cage. High-temperature trifluoromethylation of #39173C82Cl28 followed by HPLC separation resulted in the isolation and structure elucidation of eight #39173C82(CF3)n (n = 14, 16, 18) compounds. Structural chemistry of #39173C82(CF3)14,16,18 and #39173C82Cl28 is characterized by the variation of the addition patterns in the region of a pentagon-pentagon fusion. The regiochemistry of CF3 addition in the remaining cage region is similar to that of the known IPR C82(3)(CF3)n compounds. Theoretical calculations revealed that #39173C82(CF3)n possess lower thermodynamic stability than isomeric IPR derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Brotsman
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda B Tamm
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991Moscow, Russia
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2
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Karton A, Chan B. Performance of local G4(MP2) composite ab initio procedures for fullerene isomerization energies. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Abstract
The computational modeling of fullerenes plays a fundamental role in designing low-dimension carbon nanostructures. Nevertheless, the relative energies of fullerenes larger than C20 and C24 have not been comprehensively examined by means of highly accurate ab initio methods, for example, the CCSD(T) method. Here we report such an investigation for a diverse set of 29 C40 isomers. We calculate the energies of the C40 fullerenes using the G4(MP2) composite ab initio method, which approximates the CCSD(T) energy in conjunction with a triple-ζ-quality basis set (CCSD(T)/TZ). The CCSD(T)/TZ isomerization energies span 43.1-763.3 kJ mol-1. We find a linear correlation (R2 = 0.96) between the CCSD(T)/TZ isomerization energies and the fullerene pentagon signatures (P1 index), which reflect the strain associated with fused pentagon-pentagon rings. Using the reference CCSD(T)/TZ isomerization energies, we examine the relationship between the percentage of exact Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange in hybrid density functional theory (DFT) methods and the pentagon-pentagon strain energies. We find that the performance of hybrid DFT methods deteriorates with the pentagon-pentagon strain energy. This deterioration in performance becomes more pronounced with the inclusion of high amounts of HF exchange. For example, for B3LYP (20% HF exchange), the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) relative to G4(MP2) increases from 8.9 kJ mol-1 for the low-strain isomers (P1 = 11) to 18.0 kJ mol-1 for the high-strain isomers (P1 > 13). However, for BH&HLYP (50% HF exchange) the RMSD increases from 23.0 (P1 = 11) to 113.2 (P1 > 13) kJ mol-1. A similar trend is observed for the M06/M06-2X pair of functionals. Namely, for M06 (27% HF exchange) the RMSD increases from 0.8 (P1 = 11) to 21.0 (P1 > 13) kJ mol-1, whereas for M06-2X (54% HF exchange) the RMSD increases from 16.7 (P1 = 11) to 77.7 (P1 > 13) kJ mol-1. Overall, we find that the strain associated with pentagon adjacency is an inherently challenging problem for hybrid DFT methods involving high amounts of HF exchange and that there is an inverse relationship between the optimal percentage of HF exchange and the pentagon-pentagon strain energy. For example, for BLYP the optimal percentages of HF exchange are 13% (P1 = 11), 10% (P1 = 12), 7.5% (P1 = 13), and 6% (P1 > 13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karton
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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4
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Han Y, Li M, Zhao X. Effects of orbital angles on the modeling of conjugated systems with curvature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27467-27473. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Models with angle corrections give well predictions of both neutral and charged fullerenes. The integrals of nonparallel orbitals explain why angle features of designed and deep-learning models are necessary to describe conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Han
- Institute of Molecular Science and Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science and Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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5
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Guan R, Chen M, Xin J, Xie XM, Jin F, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Yang S. Capturing the Missing Carbon Cage Isomer of C 84 via Mutual Stabilization of a Triangular Monometallic Cyanide Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8078-8085. [PMID: 34010566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monometallic cyanide clusterfullerenes (CYCFs) represent a unique branch of endohedral clusterfullerenes with merely one metal atom encapsulated, offering a model system for elucidating structure-property correlation, while up to now only C82 and C76 cages have been isolated for the pristine CYCFs. C84 is one of the most abundant fullerenes and has 24 isomers obeying the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), among which 14 isomers have been already isolated, whereas the C2v(17)-C84 isomer has lower relative energy than several isolated isomers but never been found for empty and endohedral fullerenes. Herein, four novel C84-based pristine CYCFs with variable encapsulated metals and isomeric cages, including MCN@C2(13)-C84 (M = Y, Dy, Tb) and DyCN@C2v(17)-C84, have been synthesized and isolated, fulfilling the first identification of the missing C2v(17)-C84 isomer, which can be interconverted from the C2(13)-C84 isomer through two steps of Stone-Wales transformation. The molecular structures of these four C84-based CYCFs are determined unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Surprisingly, although the ionic radii of Y3+, Dy3+, and Tb3+ differ slightly by only 0.01 Å, such a subtle difference leads to an obvious change in the metal-cage interactions, as inferred from the distance between the metal atom and the nearest hexagon center of the C2(13)-C84 cage. On the other hand, upon altering the isomeric cage from DyCN@C2(13)-C84 to DyCN@C2v(17)-C84, the Dy-cage distance changes as well, indicating the interplay between the encapsulated DyCN cluster and the outer cage. Therefore, we demonstrate that the metal-cage interactions within CYCFs can be steered via both internal and external routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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6
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Qasemnazhand M, Khoeini F, Marsusi F. Predicting the new carbon nanocages, fullerynes: a DFT study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2511. [PMID: 33510291 PMCID: PMC7844298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, based on density functional theory, we propose a new branch of pseudo-fullerenes which contain triple bonds with sp hybridization. We call these new nanostructures fullerynes, according to IUPAC. We present four samples with the chemical formula of C4nHn, and the structures derived from fulleranes. We compare the structural and electronic properties of these structures with those of two common fullerenes and fulleranes systems. The calculated electron affinities of the sampled fullerynes are negative, and much smaller than those of fullerenes, so they should be chemically more stable than fullerenes. Although fulleranes also exhibit higher chemical stability than fullerynes, but pentagon or hexagon of the fullerane structures cannot pass ions and molecules. Applications of fullerynes can be included in the storage of ions and gases at the nanoscale. On the other hand, they can also be used as cathode/anode electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Khoeini
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Farah Marsusi
- Department of Physics and Energy Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Chan B. Fullerene Thermochemical Stability: Accurate Heats of Formation for Small Fullerenes, the Importance of Structural Deformation on Reactivity, and the Special Stability of C 60. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6688-6698. [PMID: 32786665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used quantum chemistry computations, in conjunction with isodesmic-type reactions, to obtain accurate heats of formation (HoFs) for the small fullerenes C20 (2358.2 ± 8.0 kJ mol-1), C24 (2566.2 ± 7.6), and the lowest-energy isomers of C32 (2461.1 ± 15.4), C42 (2629.0 ± 20.5), and C54 (2686.2 ± 25.3). As part of this endeavor, we have also obtained accurate HoFs for several medium-sized molecules, namely 216.6 ± 1.4 for fulvene, 375.5 ± 1.5 for pentalene, 670.8 ± 2.9 for acepentalene, and 262.7 ± 2.5 for acenaphthylene. We combine the energies of the small fullerenes and previously obtained energies for larger fullerenes (from C60 to C6000) into a full picture of fullerene thermochemical stability. In general, the per-carbon energies can be reasonably approximated by the "R+D" model that we have previously developed [Chan et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 1255-1264], which takes into account Resonance and structural Deformation factors. In a case study on C54, we find that most of the high-deformation-energy atoms correspond to the sites of the C-Cl bond in the experimentally captured C54Cl8. In another case study, we find that C60 has the lowest value for the maximum local-deformation energy when compared with similar-sized fullerenes, which is consistent with its "special stability". These results are indicative of structural deformation playing an important role in the reactivity of fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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8
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Chan B, Kawashima Y, Dawson W, Katouda M, Nakajima T, Hirao K. A Simple Model for Relative Energies of All Fullerenes Reveals the Interplay between Intrinsic Resonance and Structural Deformation Effects in Medium-Sized Fullerenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1255-1264. [PMID: 30701966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes are sheets of sp2 carbon atoms wrapped around to form spheres. With this simple consideration, we have in the present study devised and (with over 3600 DFT data points) successfully validated a simple model, termed R+D, for estimating the relative energies of fullerenes. This model contains a resonance component to account for the intrinsic differences between the π-energies of different fullerenes, and a deformation component for treating the distortions from planarity. Notably, we find that both terms (and they alone) are required to obtain good relative energies, which lends support to the formulation of the R+D model. An interesting finding is that for some medium-sized IPR fullerenes, their isomers show similar variations in the two components. We deduce that these fullerenes may represent a good opportunity for tuning molecular properties for practical applications. We hope that the promising results of the present study will encourage further investigations into fullerenes from a fundamental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagasaki University , Bunkyo 1-14 , Nagasaki-shi , Nagasaki 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Yukio Kawashima
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - William Dawson
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Michio Katouda
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Kimihiko Hirao
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
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9
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Bumpus JA. Gas-Phase Heat of Formation Values for Buckminsterfullerene (C 60), C70 Fullerene (C 70), Corannulene, Coronene, Sumanene, and Other Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Calculated Using Density Functional Theory (M06 2X) Coupled with a Versatile Inexpensive Group-Equivalent Approach. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6615-6632. [PMID: 30070846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward procedure using density functional theory (M06 2X) coupled with a group-equivalent approach is described that was used to calculate gas-phase heat of formation (Δf H°g,298) values for buckminsterfullerene (C60), C70 fullerene (C70), corannulene, coronene, and sumanene. This procedure was also used to calculate exceptionally accurate Δf H°g,298 values for a variety of single-ring aromatic and 2-7 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as a large selection of other hydrocarbons and phenols. The approach described herein is internally consistent, and results for C60, C70, corannulene, coronene, and sumanene are in very close agreement with results reported by others who used higher-level computational theory. Statistical analysis of a test set containing benzene and 18 two to seven ring PAHs demonstrated that by using this approach a mean absolute deviation (MAD) and a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 0.8 and 1.3 kJ/mol, respectively, were achieved for reference/experimental Δf H°g,298 values versus calculated/predicted Δf H°g,298 values. For statistical analysis of a larger test set containing 235 aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and phenols, a MAD and a RMSD of 1.2 and 1.9 kJ/mol, respectively, were achieved for reference/experimental Δf H°g,298 values versus calculated/predicted Δf H°g,298 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bumpus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Northern Iowa , Cedar Falls , Iowa 50614 , United States
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10
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Chiu SF, Chao SD. Coarse-Grained Simulations Using a Multipolar Force Field Model. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11081328. [PMID: 30065228 PMCID: PMC6120006 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a coarse-grained molecular simulation for fullerenes based on a multipolar expansion method developed previously. The method is enabled by the construction of transferable united atoms potentials that approximate the full atomistic intermolecular interactions, as obtained from ab initio electronic structure calculations supplemented by empirical force fields and experimental data, or any combination of the above. The resultant series contains controllable moment tensors that allow to estimate the errors, and approaches the all-atom intermolecular potential as the expansion order increases. We can compute the united atoms potentials very efficiently with a few interaction moment tensors, in order to implement a parallel algorithm on molecular interactions. Our simulations describe the mechanism for the condensation of fullerenes, and they produce excellent agreement with benchmark fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng D Chao
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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11
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Waite SL, Chan B, Karton A, Page AJ. Accurate Thermochemical and Kinetic Stabilities of C84 Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4768-4777. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone L. Waite
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alister J. Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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12
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Sure R, Hansen A, Schwerdtfeger P, Grimme S. Comprehensive theoretical study of all 1812 C60 isomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:14296-14305. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00735c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
All 1812 C60 isomers are investigated with high-level quantum chemical methods to benchmark semiempirical approaches and find appropriate stability criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sure
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- 53115 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- 53115 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre of Theoretical Chemistry and Physics
- The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study
- Massey University Auckland
- 0745 Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- 53115 Bonn
- Germany
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13
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Wang Y, Díaz-Tendero S, Alcamí M, Martín F. Generalized structural motif model for studying the thermodynamic stability of fullerenes: from C60to graphene passing through giant fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19646-19655. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A generalized motif model to describe the stability of neutral fullerenes, covering the full range of cage sizes, starting from C60, going through giant fullerenes, and ultimately leading to graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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14
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Chilingarov NS, Troyanov SI. Unstable Isomer of C90Fullerene Isolated as Chloro Derivatives, C90(1)Cl10/12. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1896-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Chemistry Department; Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory 119991 Moscow Russia
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15
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Wang Y, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Alcamí M. Key Structural Motifs To Predict the Cage Topology in Endohedral Metallofullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1551-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Chan B, Kawashima Y, Katouda M, Nakajima T, Hirao K. From C60 to Infinity: Large-Scale Quantum Chemistry Calculations of the Heats of Formation of Higher Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1420-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawashima
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Michio Katouda
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Hirao
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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17
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Wan W, Karton A. Heat of formation for C 60 by means of the G4(MP2) thermochemical protocol through reactions in which C 60 is broken down into corannulene and sumanene. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Melle-Franco M, Brinkmann G, Zerbetto F. Modeling Nanotube Caps: The Relationship Between Fullerenes and Caps. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12839-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Melle-Franco
- Centro
ALGORITMI, Department of Informatics, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Gunnar Brinkmann
- Applied
Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan
281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Aihara JI, Nakagami Y, Sekine R. Kinetic Stability of Non-IPR Fullerene Molecular Ions. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6542-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Aihara
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakagami
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Rika Sekine
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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20
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Wirz LN, Tonner R, Hermann A, Sure R, Schwerdtfeger P. From small fullerenes to the graphene limit: A harmonic force-field method for fullerenes and a comparison to density functional calculations for Goldberg-Coxeter fullerenes up to C980. J Comput Chem 2015; 37:10-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas N. Wirz
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland; Private Bag 102904 0745 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FD United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sure
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4; 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study; Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904 0745 Auckland New Zealand
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str.; D-35032 Marburg Germany
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21
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Schwerdtfeger P, Wirz LN, Avery J. The topology of fullerenes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2014; 5:96-145. [PMID: 25678935 PMCID: PMC4313690 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes are carbon molecules that form polyhedral cages. Their bond structures are exactly the planar cubic graphs that have only pentagon and hexagon faces. Strikingly, a number of chemical properties of a fullerene can be derived from its graph structure. A rich mathematics of cubic planar graphs and fullerene graphs has grown since they were studied by Goldberg, Coxeter, and others in the early 20th century, and many mathematical properties of fullerenes have found simple and beautiful solutions. Yet many interesting chemical and mathematical problems in the field remain open. In this paper, we present a general overview of recent topological and graph theoretical developments in fullerene research over the past two decades, describing both solved and open problems. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:96-145. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1207 Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland Auckland, New Zealand ; Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas N Wirz
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Avery
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Yang S, Wei T, Wang S, Ignat'eva DV, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. The first structural confirmation of a C102 fullerene as C102Cl20 containing a non-IPR carbon cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7944-6. [PMID: 23900537 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44386h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chlorination of a pristine C102 fullerene separated by HPLC from fullerene soot afforded crystals of C102Cl20 with a non-IPR (IPR = isolated pentagon rule) cage containing two pairs of fused pentagons; structural reconstruction of a two-step Stone-Wales rearrangement revealed the starting IPR isomer (no. 19) of C102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China.
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23
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Schwerdtfeger P, Wirz L, Avery J. Program Fullerene: A software package for constructing and analyzing structures of regular fullerenes. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:1508-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Wirz
- Centre of Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study; Massey University Auckland; Private Bag 102904; Auckland; 0745; New Zealand
| | - James Avery
- Niels Bohr Institute; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; 2100; Denmark
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24
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Karton A, Chan B, Raghavachari K, Radom L. Evaluation of the Heats of Formation of Corannulene and C60 by Means of High-Level Theoretical Procedures. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1834-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312585r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karton
- School of
Chemistry and ARC
Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- School of
Chemistry and ARC
Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United
States
| | - Leo Radom
- School of
Chemistry and ARC
Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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25
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Computational termochemistry study of the C₈₀ isomers and their endo lanthanum complexes by applying homodesmotic and isodesmic reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 17:14588-601. [PMID: 23222905 PMCID: PMC6268783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
C80 is a fullerene species which appears in different isomeric configurations. A general homodesmotic reaction previously designed to study the energy of fullerenes was implemented, in order to analyze the energy of this family of isomers. These results concur with some of the experimental data, but energy differences referring to all the configurations yield novel propositions about their particular behavior. The corresponding lanthanum complexes are also analyzed here and a new isodesmic reaction was designed for this particular case.
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26
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Liu X, Li L, Liu B, Wang D, Zhao Y, Gao X. Theoretical Study on the Ground State Structure of Uranofullerene U@C82. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11651-5. [PMID: 23134567 DOI: 10.1021/jp306481e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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27
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Ioffe IN, Mazaleva ON, Sidorov LN, Yang S, Wei T, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Skeletal Transformation of Isolated Pentagon Rule (IPR) Fullerene C82 into Non-IPR C82Cl28 with Notably Low Activation Barriers. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11226-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya N. Ioffe
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory,
119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N. Mazaleva
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory,
119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev N. Sidorov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory,
119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Hefei
National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse
2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory,
119991 Moscow, Russia
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28
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YAN GUIKAI, LI JUNJIE, LI BINGRUI, HU JIA, GUO WENPING. B3LYP-SVM METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF MOLECULAR ENTHALPIES OF FORMATION. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633607003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Support vector machine (SVM) is used to predict the enthalpies of formation at 298 K [Formula: see text] for 261 molecules based on B3LYP/6-311g (3df,2p) results. With data randomly separated into two parts: 195 for training set and 66 for test set, the resulting mean absolute deviation (MAD) and maximum deviation (MD) for training set are 1.51 kcal/mol and 9.23 kcal/mol (correlation coefficient R = 0.9995), and for test set they become to 1.78 kcal/mol and 7.31 kcal/mol (R = 0.9990). The result is improved according to G2 method.
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Affiliation(s)
- GUI-KAI YAN
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - JUN-JIE LI
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - BING-RUI LI
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - JIA HU
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - WEN-PING GUO
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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29
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Khamatgalimov AR, Kovalenko VI. Electronic structure and stability of fullerene C82 isolated-pentagon-rule isomers. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12315-20. [PMID: 21962114 DOI: 10.1021/jp204565q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
All nine isolated-pentagon-rule isomers of fullerene C(82) were investigated by the DFT method with the B3LYP functional at the 6-31G, 6-31G*, and 6-31+G* levels. The distribution of single, double, and delocalized π-bonds in the molecules of these isomers is shown for the first time. The obtained results are fully supported by DFT quantum-chemical calculations of electronic and geometrical structures of these isomers. The molecules of isomers 7 (C(3v)), 8 (C(3v)), and 9 (C(2v)) contain some radical substructures (such as the phenalenyl-radical substructure), which indicates that they are unstable and cannot be obtained as empty molecules. Thus, there is a possibility of obtaining them only as endohedral metallofullerenes or exohedral derivatives. Isomers 1 (C(2)), 2 (C(s)), 4 (C(s)), 5 (C(2)), and 6 (C(s)) with closed electronic shell are supposed to be stable, resembling isomer 3 (C(2)), which has just been extracted experimentally as an empty fullerene. We assume they can be produced as empty molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrat R Khamatgalimov
- AE Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
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30
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Lee SL, Mizorogi N, Akasaka T, Adamowicz L. Calculated relative yields for Sc2S@C82 and Y2S@C82. Theor Chem Acc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-011-1051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Rodríguez-Zavala J, Tenorio F, Samaniego C, Méndez-Barrientos C, Peña-Lecona F, Muñoz-Maciel J, Flores-Moreno R. Theoretical study on the sequential hydroxylation of C82fullerene based on Fukui function. Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.591743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Rodríguez-Fortea A, Irle S, Poblet JM. Fullerenes: formation, stability, and reactivity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Zettergren H, Johansson HAB, Schmidt HT, Jensen J, Hvelplund P, Tomita S, Wang Y, Martín F, Alcamí M, Manil B, Maunoury L, Huber BA, Cederquist H. Magic and hot giant fullerenes formed inside ion irradiated weakly bound C60 clusters. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:104301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3479584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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34
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Zheng L, He H, Yang M, Zeng Q, Yang M. Identifying Tm@C82 isomers with density functional theory calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:235301. [PMID: 21393764 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/23/235301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the geometrical and electronic properties of endohedral metallofullerene Tm@C(82) isomers. Three energetically favorable isomers (with C(s), C(2) and C(2v) symmetry, respectively) are identified which are consistent with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observations. The simulated ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) based on the three structures agree well with the measurements. Particularly, the parent cage of the experimentally observed Tm@C(82) isomer with C(s) symmetry is newly assigned, which matches the experiments better than early assignments. In addition, strong interaction between an endohedral Tm atom and the C(82) cage is discussed and is thought to be responsible for the dramatic change in the relative stability of C(82) isomers when Tm is encapsulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zheng
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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35
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Khamatgalimov AR, Kovalenko VI. Deformation and thermodynamic instability of a C84 fullerene cage. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024410040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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37
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Sabourin JL, Dabbs DM, Yetter RA, Dryer FL, Aksay IA. Functionalized graphene sheet colloids for enhanced fuel/propellant combustion. ACS NANO 2009; 3:3945-54. [PMID: 19925013 DOI: 10.1021/nn901006w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the combustion of the monopropellant nitromethane with that of nitromethane containing colloidal particles of functionalized graphene sheets or metal hydroxides. The linear steady-state burning rates of the monopropellant and colloidal suspensions were determined at room temperature, under a range of pressures (3.35-14.4 MPa) using argon as a pressurizing fluid. The ignition temperatures were lowered and burning rates increased for the colloidal suspensions compared to those of the liquid monopropellant alone, with the graphene sheet suspension having significantly greater burning rates (i.e., greater than 175%). The relative change in burning rate from neat nitromethane increased with increasing concentrations of fuel additives and decreased with increasing pressure until at high pressures no enhancement was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Sabourin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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38
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Tamm NB, Sidorov LN, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Isolation and structural X-ray investigation of perfluoroalkyl derivatives of six cage isomers of C84. Chemistry 2009; 15:10486-92. [PMID: 19739224 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkylation of a higher fullerene mixture with CF(3)I or C(2)F(5)I, followed by HPLC separation of CF(3) and C(2)F(5) derivatives, resulted in the isolation of several C(84)(R(F))(n) (n=12, 16) compounds. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography with the use of synchrotron radiation allowed structure elucidation of eight C(84)(R(F))(n) compounds containing six different C(84) cages (the number of the C(84) isomer is given in parentheses): C(84) (23)(C(2)F(5))(12) (I), C(84) (22)(CF(3))(16) (II), C(84) (22)(C(2)F(5))(12) (III), C(84) (11)(C(2)F(5))(12) (IV), C(84) (16)(C(2)F(5))(12) (V), C(84) (4)(CF(3))(12) (VI with toluene and VII with hexane as solvate molecules), and C(84) (18)(C(2)F(5))(12) (VIII). Whereas some connectivity patterns of C(84) isomers (22, 23, 11) had previously been unambiguously confirmed by different methods, derivatives of C(84) isomers numbers 4, 16, and 18 have been investigated crystallographically for the first time, thus providing direct proof of the connectivity patterns of rare C(84) isomers. General aspects of the addition of R(F) groups to C(84) cages are discussed in terms of the preferred positions in the pentagons under the formation of chains, pairs, and isolated R(F) groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda B Tamm
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Leninskie gory, Russia
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39
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Xu L, Shao X, Cai W. Structure, Stability, and Thermochemistry of the Fullerene Derivatives C64X6 (X = H, F, Cl). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10839-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905734n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Amsharov K, Jansen M. Synthesis of a higher fullerene precursor-an "unrolled" C84 fullerene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2691-3. [PMID: 19532923 DOI: 10.1039/b901496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the C(84)(20)-fullerene related hydrocarbon C(84)H(42), which possesses more than 83% of the C(84)(20)-fullerene connectivity, and its selective transformation to C(84) by flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP).
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41
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Epple L, Amsharov K, Simeonov K, Dix I, Jansen M. Crystallographic characterization and identification of a minor isomer of C(84) fullerene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5610-2. [PMID: 18997968 DOI: 10.1039/b811872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and single crystal X-ray analysis of C(84) ().AgTPP (Ag tetraphenylporphyrin) cocrystal-the first ordered crystal structure containing a pristine higher fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Epple
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgar, Germany
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42
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Shao N, Gao Y, Yoo S, An W, Zeng XC. Search for lowest-energy fullerenes: C98 to C110. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:7672-6. [PMID: 16774213 DOI: 10.1021/jp0624092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By combining the semiempirical density-functional based tight-binding optimization with density-functional theory single-point energy calculation at the PBE1PBE/6-311G level, we propose an efficient computational approach to determine lowest-energy structures of large-sized carbon fullerenes. Our studies show that C(92) (D(3): 28) and C(94) (C(2): 43) are the new leading candidates for the lowest-energy structures of C(92) and C(94). Moreover, for the first time, the lowest-energy structures of C(98)-C(110) are identified on the basis of the density-functional theory calculation. The lowest-energy isomers C(102) (C(1): 603) and C(108) (D(2): 1771) are readily isolated experimentally because they are much lower in energy than their other low-lying IPR isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68588, USA
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43
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Performance of the semiempirical AM1, PM3, MNDO, and tight-binding methods in comparison with DFT method for the large fullerenes C116–C120. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Xu L, Cai W, Shao X. Prediction of low-energy isomers of large fullerenes from C132 to C160. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:9247-53. [PMID: 16854040 DOI: 10.1021/jp057181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To predict energetically favored isomers, we used a topological scheme as a prescreening tool to select candidate isomers for each fullerene from C(106) to C(160). Comparison with the PM3 and tight-binding (TB) potential calculated results and few published data for the low-energy isomers of C(106) to C(130) indicates that the prescreening approach is feasible. For each fullerene from C(132) up to C(160), the selected 1000 candidate isomers were further optimized by PM3 and TB potential. The analysis of the semiempirical PM3 and TB results of C(106) to C(160) provides some qualitative features of the large fullerenes. Furthermore, calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G*//B3LYP/3-21G level of theory were carried out on the top ten PM3 and TB low-energy isomers of C(132) to C(160) to accurately predict the stable isomers, and the HOMO-LUMO gap, the ionization energy, and electron affinity of the lowest-energy isomers were also investigated at the same level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
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45
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Rojas A, Martínez M, Amador P, Torres LA. Increasing Stability of the Fullerenes with the Number of Carbon Atoms: The Experimental Evidence. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:9031-5. [PMID: 17608526 DOI: 10.1021/jp0727906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The values of the molar standard enthalpies of formation, Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(76), cr) = (2705.6 +/- 37.7) kJ x mol(-1), Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(78), cr) = (2766.5 +/- 36.7) kJ x mol(-1), and Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(84), cr) = (2826.6 +/- 42.6) kJ x mol(-1), were determined from the energies of combustion, measured by microcombustion calorimetry on a high-purity sample of the D(2) isomer of fullerene C(76), as well as on a mixture of the two most abundant constitutional isomers of C(78) (C(2nu)-C(78) and D(3)-C(78)) and C(84) (D(2)-C(84), and D(2d)-C(84). These values, combined with the published data on the enthalpies of sublimation of each cluster, lead to the gas-phase enthalpies of formation, Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(76), g) = (2911.6 +/- 37.9) kJ x mol(-1); Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(78), g) = (2979.3 +/- 37.2) kJ x mol(-1), and Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(84), (g)) = (3051.6 +/- 43.0) kJ x mol(-1), results that were found to compare well with those reported from density functional theory calculations. Values of enthalpies of atomization, strain energies, and the average C-C bond energy were also derived for each fullerene. A decreasing trend in the gas-phase enthalpy of formation and strain energy per carbon atom as the size of the cluster increases is found. This is the first experimental evidence that these fullerenes become more stable as they become larger. The derived experimental average C-C bond energy E(C-C) = 461.04 kJ x mol(-1) for fullerenes is close to the average bond energy E(C-C) = 462.8 kJ x mol(-1) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Rojas
- Departamento de Química del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México D.F., C.P. 07360, Mexico.
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Dolgonos GA, Peslherbe GH. Calculations of the C2 fragmentation energies of higher fullerenes C80 and C82. J Mol Model 2007; 13:981-6. [PMID: 17588181 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-007-0216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The C2 fragmentation energies of the most stable isolated-pentagon-rule (IPR) isomers of the C80 and C82 fullerenes were evaluated with second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) theory, density-functional theory (DFT) and the semiempirical self-consistent charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method. Zero-point energy, ionization energy and empirical C2 corrections were included in the calculation of fragmentation energies for comparison with experimental C2 fragmentation energies of the fullerene cations. In the case of the most probable Stone-Wales pathway of C2 fragmentation of C80, the calculated [Formula: see text] agree well with experimental data, whereas in the case of C(82) fragmentation, the calculated [Formula: see text] exceed by up to 1.2 eV the experimental ones, which suggests that other IPR isomers may be present in sufficient amounts in experimental samples. Computer-intensive MP2 calculations and DFT calculations with larger basis sets do not yield much improved C2 fragmentation energies, compared to those reported earlier with B3LYP/3-21G. On the other hand, semiempirical approaches such as SCC-DFTB, which are orders of magnitude less intensive, yield satisfactory fragmentation energies for higher fullerenes and may become a method of choice for routine calculations of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grygoriy A Dolgonos
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Sun CH, Yao D, Lu GQ, Cheng HM. Effects of resonance energy and nonplanar strain energy on the reliability of hyperhomodesmotic reactions for corannulene. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Głuch K, Matt-Leubner S, Echt O, Concina B, Scheier P, Märk TD. High-resolution kinetic energy release distributions and dissociation energies for fullerene ions Cn+, 42 < or = n < or = 90. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:2137-43. [PMID: 15260767 DOI: 10.1063/1.1768172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured the kinetic energy released in the unimolecular dissociation of fullerene ions, Cn+ --> C(n-2)+ + C2, for sizes 42 < or = n < or = 90. A three-sector-field mass spectrometer equipped with two electric sectors has been used in order to ensure that contributions from isotopomers of different masses do not distort the experimental kinetic energy release distributions. We apply the concept of microcanonical temperature to derive from these data the dissociation energies of fullerene cations. They are converted to dissociation energies of neutral fullerenes with help of published adiabatic ionization energies. The results are compared with literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Głuch
- Institut fur Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universitat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Voityuk AA. Accurate Treatment of Energetics and Geometry of Carbon and Hydrocarbon Compounds within Tight-Binding Model. J Chem Theory Comput 2006; 2:1038-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ct600064m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
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Zhang FQ, Wu HS, Xu YY, Li YW, Jiao H. Structure and stability of neutral polyoxometalate cages: (Mo2O6) m (m=1–13). J Mol Model 2006; 12:551-8. [PMID: 16688416 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-006-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The structure and stability of neutral polyoxometalate cages (Mo2O6)m (m=1-13) have been computed systematically. These neutral cages can be viewed topologically as polyhedra containing triangles (f3) and squares (f4). The relative stability of these polyhedra is associated with the location and separation of the f3. The initial stable isomers were preselected by the number of shared triangle edges (N33), and the predicted stability was validated further at the GGA-PW91/DND level of density function theory with the fine quality of mesh size. For large clusters, the square neighbor signature (P4444), which is similar to the hexagon neighbor rule for fullerene, becomes more applicable. The calculated disproportionation energies indicate that Mo6O18 (O(h), Lindqvist), Mo12O36 (O(h), alpha Keggin), Mo18O54 (D(3h), Wells-Dawson) and Mo24O72 (O(h)) cages have enhanced stability. [structure in text]. Mo6O18 (O(h)), Mo12O36 (O(h)), Mo18O54 (D(3h)) and Mo(24)O72 (O(h)) are the most stable neutral polyoxometalate cages on the basis of the structural and energetic criteria. They can therefore be considered as the inorganic fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qiang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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