1
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Comprehensive review of photophysical parameters (ε, Φf, τs) of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) – Critical benchmark molecules in photochemistry and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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Maeda C, Shirakawa T, Ema T. Synthesis and electronic properties of carbazole-based core-modified diporphyrins showing near infrared absorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15048-15051. [PMID: 33196711 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06289h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Directly linked carbazole-based core-modified diporphyrin D2 and fused diporphyrin F2 were synthesized. These diporphyrins showed significant electronic interactions and conjugation allowing for redshifted near infrared (NIR) absorption and small HOMO-LUMO gaps as confirmed by NIR absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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3
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Kahlfuss C, Kikkawa Y, Wytko JA, Weiss J. Controlled Growth of Porphyrin Wires at a Solid‐Liquid Interface. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Kahlfuss
- Institut de Chimie de StrasbourgUMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4 rue Blaise Pascal FR-67008 Strasbourg France
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki JP-305-8565 Japan
| | - Jennifer A. Wytko
- Institut de Chimie de StrasbourgUMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4 rue Blaise Pascal FR-67008 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie de StrasbourgUMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4 rue Blaise Pascal FR-67008 Strasbourg France
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4
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Baba K, Bengasi G, El Assad D, Grysan P, Lentzen E, Heinze K, Frache G, Boscher ND. Conductive Directly Fused Poly(Porphyrin) Coatings by Oxidative Chemical Vapour Deposition - From Single- to Triple-Fused. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dana El Assad
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Patrick Grysan
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Esther Lentzen
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Gilles Frache
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
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5
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. NH Tautomerism of a Quadruply Fused Porphyrin: Rigid Fused Structure Delays the Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:316-327. [PMID: 29224345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein NH tautomerism of a freebase derivative of a quadruply fused porphyrin (H2QFP-Mes, 3), which has one mesityl group at one of the β-positions of the nonfused pyrroles to lower the structural symmetry, allowing us to observe the NH tautomerism with 1H NMR spectroscopy. Compound 3 was revealed to have the two inner NH protons on the two nonfused pyrroles, and the NH tautomerism of 3 was evidenced by variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR experiments in various deuterated solvents. The VT-NMR studies revealed that the activation barrier for the NH tautomerism of 3 was larger than that of tetraphenylporphyrin. The positive activation entropy (ΔS‡ = 89 J mol-1 K-1), determined for the NH tautomerism, can be explained by dissociation of the π-π stacked dimer structure of 3 in the ground state, as evidenced by the crystal structure and NMR measurements. On the basis of the kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations, the stability of intermediates in the NH tautomerism of 3 and the transition states have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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6
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Wang K, Huang C, Pan H, Kobayashi N, Jiang J. A post-cyclotetramerization strategy towards novel binuclear phthalocyanine dimers. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00408c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and effective post-cyclotetramerization strategy was developed for the first time towards the synthesis and isolation of a new type of homo/heterodinuclear π-conjugated phthalocyanine dimer sharing one common pyrazine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Houhe Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Ueda 386-8567
- Japan
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
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7
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Chahal MK, Sankar M, Butcher RJ. An insight into the communication between β-olefin/phenyl olefin-mediated acceptors and porphyrin π-system: a way to establish porphyrin based chemodosimeters and chemosensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4530-4540. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins bearing electron acceptors attached to β-carbon through olefin or phenyl–olefin bridges act as chemodosimeters for CN− as well as chemosensors for F−, CN− and OAc− ions depends on acceptor strength and position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K. Chahal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247667
- India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247667
- India
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8
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. Acid–Base Properties of a Freebase Form of a Quadruply Ring-Fused Porphyrin—Stepwise Protonation Induced by Rigid Ring-Fused Structure. J Org Chem 2016; 82:322-330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku,
Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku,
Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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9
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Stefanelli M, Mandoj F, Nardis S, Raggio M, Fronczek FR, McCandless GT, Smith KM, Paolesse R. Corrole and nucleophilic aromatic substitution are not incompatible: a novel route to 2,3-difunctionalized copper corrolates. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6611-8. [PMID: 25986693 PMCID: PMC4454397 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of a -NO2 group onto the corrole framework represents a key step for subsequent synthetic manipulation of the macrocycle based on the chemical versatility of such a functionality. Here we report results of the investigation of a copper 3-NO2-triarylcorrolate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with "active" methylene carbanions, namely diethyl malonate and diethyl 2-chloromalonate. Although similar reactions on nitroporphyrins afford chlorin derivatives, nucleophilic attack on carbon-2 of corrole produces 2,3-difunctionalized Cu corrolates in acceptable yields (ca. 30%), evidencing once again the erratic chemistry of this contracted porphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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10
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Tanaka T, Osuka A. Conjugated porphyrin arrays: synthesis, properties and applications for functional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:943-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated porphyrin arrays that possess delocalised electronic networks have, for the most part, been assembled by using alkene or alkyne type bridging units or by directly connecting individual porphyrin chromophores with multiple bonds to form fused porphyrin arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
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11
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Komamura K, Shimizu S, Kotani H, Kobayashi N, Kojima T. Ring-fused porphyrins: extension of π-conjugation significantly affects the aromaticity and optical properties of the porphyrin π-systems and the Lewis acidity of the central metal ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15001-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ring fusion with five-membered rings causes not only the narrowed HOMO–LUMO gaps but also the contribution of anti-aromatic resonance forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Keiyu Komamura
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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12
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Koifman OI, Ageeva TA. Common approaches to the synthesis of tetrapyrrole macroheterocyclic compounds: Promising materials for photovoltaic devices. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238214010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Mandoj F, Nardis S, Pudi R, Lvova L, Fronczek FR, Smith KM, Prodi L, Genovese D, Paolesse R. β-Pyrazino-fused tetrarylporphyrins. DYES AND PIGMENTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2013; 99:10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.04.024. [PMID: 24347747 PMCID: PMC3863362 DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the preparation of β-fused porphyrin dyads was developed that exploits a one-pot reaction of 2,3-diaminoporphyrins with diethyl oxalate. This approach provides good yields of the zinc β-fused dyad and the corresponding free-base, opening the way for preparation of several metal derivatives to permit modulation of optoelectronic characteristics for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mandoj
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Nardis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rajesh Pudi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Larisa Lvova
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Luca Prodi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Damiano Genovese
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- CNR IDASC, via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
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14
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Garg V, Kodis G, Liddell PA, Terazono Y, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Center with a Coumarin-Based Antenna System. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11299-308. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Paul A. Liddell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Yuichi Terazono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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15
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Makino M, Aihara JI. Macrocyclic Aromaticity of Porphyrin Units in Fully Conjugated Oligoporphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8074-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Makino
- Institute for Environmental
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada,
Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Aihara
- Institute for Environmental
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada,
Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka
422-8529, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Recent studies involving porphyrin systems bearing fused five-membered rings are reviewed, these including pyrrolo[3,4-b]porphyrins and fused metallocenoporphyrins. Diels-Alder cycloadditions between pyrroloporphyrins, to give benzoporphyrins, are discussed. The syntheses of mono-, and the two regioisomers (adj- and opp-) of bis-sulfolenoporphyrins are then discussed and their reactions with dienophiles such as dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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17
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Terazono Y, Liddell PA, Garg V, Kodis G, Brune A, Hambourger M, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D. Artificial photosynthetic antenna-reaction center complexes based on a hexaphenylbenzene core. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A hexaphenylbenzene scaffold has been used to organize the components of artificial photosynthetic antennas and antenna-reaction center mimics that feature bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene antenna moieties and porphyrin-fullerene charge-separation units. The five bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene chromophores absorb in the spectral region around 430-480 nm, where porphyrins have low extinction coefficients but solar irradiance is maximal. The hexaphenylbenzene core was built up by the well-known Diels-Alder reaction of diarylacetylenes with substituted tetraphenylcyclopentadienones. The latter were in turn prepared by condensation of substituted benzils and dibenzyl ketones, allowing flexibility in the design of the substitution pattern on the core. The spacing between the various chromophores is suitable for rapid singlet-singlet energy transfer among antenna moieties and the porphyrin, and the relatively rigid structure of the hexaphenylbenzene limits conformational heterogeneity that could reduce the efficiency of energy and electron transfer. NMR studies reveal a high barrier to rotation of the porphyirn plane relative to the hexaphenylbenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Terazono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Paul A. Liddell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Vikas Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Alicia Brune
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Michael Hambourger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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18
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Abstract
A review is presented of the authors’ work, and directly relevant work of others, on the synthesis, structure and chemistry of porphyrin systems bearing fused aliphatic and π-conjugated rings. This includes a number of oligomeric porphyrin arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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19
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Tanaka T, Lee BS, Aratani N, Yoon MC, Kim D, Osuka A. Synthesis and Properties of Hybrid Porphyrin Tapes. Chemistry 2011; 17:14400-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Yedukondalu M, Maity DK, Ravikanth M. β,meso-Acetylenyl-Bridged, Asymmetrical, Porphyrin Dyads - Synthesis, Spectral, Electrochemical and Computational Studies. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Uoyama H, Kim K, Kuroki K, Shin JY, Nagata T, Okujima T, Yamada H, Ono N, Kim D, Uno H. Highly Pure Synthesis, Spectral Assignments, and Two-Photon Properties of Cruciform Porphyrin Pentamers Fused with Benzene Units. Chemistry 2010; 16:4063-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Ikeda T, Aratani N, Osuka A. Synthesis of Extremely π-Extended Porphyrin Tapes from Hybridmeso-mesoLinked Porphyrin Arrays: An Approach Towards the Conjugation Length. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1248-56. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Terazono Y, Kodis G, Liddell PA, Garg V, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Multiantenna artificial photosynthetic reaction center complex. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:7147-55. [PMID: 19438278 DOI: 10.1021/jp900835s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to ensure efficient utilization of the solar spectrum, photosynthetic organisms use a variety of antenna chromophores to absorb light and transfer excitation to a reaction center, where photoinduced charge separation occurs. Reported here is a synthetic molecular heptad that features two bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene and two borondipyrromethene antennas linked to a hexaphenylbenzene core that also bears two zinc porphyrins. A fullerene electron acceptor self-assembles to both porhyrins via dative bonds. Excitation energy is transferred very efficiently from all four antennas to the porphyrins. Singlet-singlet energy transfer occurs both directly and by a stepwise funnel-like pathway wherein excitation moves down a thermodynamic gradient. The porphyrin excited states donate an electron to the fullerene with a time constant of 3 ps to generate a charge-separated state with a lifetime of 230 ps. The overall quantum yield is close to unity. In the absence of the fullerene, the porphyrin excited singlet state donates an electron to a borondipyrromethene on a slower time scale. This molecule demonstrates that by incorporating antennas, it is possible for a molecular system to harvest efficiently light throughout the visible from ultraviolet wavelengths out to approximately 650 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Terazono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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24
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Ikeda T, Aratani N, Easwaramoorthi S, Kim D, Osuka A. Meso-β Doubly Linked Zn(II) Porphyrin Trimers: Distinct anti-versus-syn Effects on Their Photophysical Properties. Org Lett 2009; 11:3080-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9011585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Shanmugam Easwaramoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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25
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Liu YC, Kuo MC, Lee CW, Liang YR, Lee GH, Peng SM, Yeh CY. Synthesis, structure, and cation complexation of a novel crown ether porphyrin. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Chen Y, Potter WR, Missert JR, Morgan J, Pandey RK. Comparative in Vitro and in Vivo Studies on Long-Wavelength Photosensitizers Derived from Bacteriopurpurinimide and Bacteriochlorin p6: Fused Imide Ring Enhances the in Vivo PDT Efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1460-73. [PMID: 17705415 DOI: 10.1021/bc070092i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In situ conversion of bacteriochlorophyll-a, present in Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rb. sphaeroides) gave bacteriopurpurin-18 in modest yield, which in a sequence of reactions was converted into two series of bacteriochlorins: bacteriopurpurinimide and bacteriopurpurin p6 with and without a fused imide ring system, respectively. To determine the effect of overall lipophilicity in photosensitizing efficacy, these bacteriochlorins were independently reacted with HBr gas and subsequently treated with various alkyl alcohols to afford the corresponding alkyl ether derivatives as diastereomeric mixtures (the R- and S-isomers were obtained in almost equal ratios). Between the two series of bacteriochlorins, the bacteriopurpurinimides containing a fused imide ring system were found to be more effective in vivo (C3H mice bearing RIF tumors). To investigate the effect of the presence of the chiral center at position 3 of the most effective purpurinimide 9 [3(1'-heptyloxy)ethyl-3-deacetyl-bacteriopurpurin-18-N-hexylimide propyl ester], the acetyl group was replaced with a hydroxymethyl substituent and converted into 3(1'-decyloxy)methyl-3-deacetyl-purpurin-18-N-hexylimide methyl ester 26 with a similar lipophilicity. Interestingly, compared to 26, the bacteriopurpurinimide 9 was found to be more effective, suggesting that the chiral center at position 3 certainly plays an important role in photosensitizing activity. Among a series of alkyl ether analogues, between the PDT efficacy and the lipophilicity (log P and log D) calculated by computational methods (PALLAS program), a parabolic relationship was observed to some extent. However, it was limited to a particular series, e.g., compounds with similar log P values between bacteriopurpurinimides and bacteriochlorin e6 did not produce similar in vivo efficacy. As expected, within a series, a linear relationship was observed between the log P values and the HPLC retention times of the photosensitizers. Some of the mitochondrial localized photosensitizers showed a significant peripheral benzodiazepine binding (PBR) affinity. However, limited correlation between PBR binding affinity and in vivo PDT efficacy was observed. Compared to the naturally occurring bacteriochlorophyll-a, the bacteriopurpurinimides with fused imide ring system showed higher in vitro/in vivo stability. In contrast to methyl pyropheophorbide-a, the ester functionalities in bacteriopurpurinimide did not convert into the corresponding carboxylic acid by the enzyme esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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27
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Uno H, Nakamoto KI, Kuroki K, Fujimoto A, Ono N. Synthesis of Porphyrin Dimers Fused with a Benzene Unit. Chemistry 2007; 13:5773-84. [PMID: 17397034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-connected pyrrolo-porphyrins have been prepared by an inverse-type [3+1] porphyrin synthesis of a bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-fused dipyrrole with a tripyrrane dicarbaldehyde. Another [3+1] porphyrin synthesis of pyrrole-connected porphyrins with the same or other tripyrrane dicarbaldehydes gave bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-bridged diporphyrins, the central metals and/or peripheral substituents of which were different. Thermal decomposition of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene skeleton to a benzene moiety gave pi-system-fused porphyrin dimers in a highly pure form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemitsu Uno
- Division of Synthesis and Analysis, Department of Molecular Science, Integrated Center for Sciences (INCS), Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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28
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Gupta I, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and photophysical studies of covalently linked porphyrin-21-thiaporphyrin dyads. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Inokuma Y, Matsunari T, Ono N, Uno H, Osuka A. A doubly N-fused benzohexaphyrin and its rearrangement to a fluorescent macrocycle upon DDQ oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:1856-60. [PMID: 15723364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Inokuma
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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30
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Duncan TV, Wu SP, Therien MJ. Ethyne-Bridged (Porphinato)Zinc(II)−(Porphinato)Iron(III) Complexes: Phenomenological Dependence of Excited-State Dynamics upon (Porphinato)Iron Electronic Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:10423-35. [PMID: 16895407 DOI: 10.1021/ja061388m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, spectroscopy, potentiometric properties, and excited-state dynamical studies of 5-[(10,20-di-((4-ethyl ester)methylene-oxy)phenyl)porphinato]zinc(II)-[5'-[(10',20'- di-((4-ethyl ester)methylene-oxy)phenyl)porphinato]iron(III)-chloride]ethyne (PZn-PFe-Cl), along with a series of related supermolecules ([PZn-PFe-(L)1,2]+ species) that possess a range of metal axial ligation environments (L = pyridine, 4-cyanopyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (collidine), and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (2,6-lutidine)). Relevant monomeric [(porphinato)iron-(ligand)1,2]+ ([PFe(L)1,2]+) benchmarks have also been synthesized and fully characterized. Ultrafast pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopic experiments that interrogate the initially prepared electronically excited states of [PFe(L)1,2]+ species bearing nonhindered axial ligands demonstrated subpicosecond-to-picosecond relaxation dynamics to the ground electronic state. Comparative pump-probe transient absorption experiments that interrogate the initially prepared excited states of PZn-PFe-Cl, [PZn-PFe-(py)2]+, [PZn-PFe-(4-CN-py)2]+, [PZn-PFe-(collidine)]+, and [PZn-PFe-(2,6-lutidine)]+ demonstrate that the spectra of all these species are dominated by a broad, intense NIR S1 --> Sn transient absorption manifold. While PZn-PFe-Cl, [PZn-PFe-(py)2]+, and [PZn-PFe-(4-CN-py)2]+ evince subpicosecond and picosecond time-scale relaxation of their respective initially prepared electronically excited states to the ground state, the excited-state dynamics observed for [PZn-PFe-(2,6-lutidine)]+ and [PZn-PFe-(collidine)]+ show fast relaxation to a [PZn+-PFe(II)] charge-separated state having a lifetime of nearly 1 ns. Potentiometric data indicate that while DeltaGCS for [PZn-PFe-(L)1,2]+ species is strongly influenced by the PFe+ ligation state [ligand (DeltaGCS): 4-cyanopyridine (-0.79 eV) < pyridine (-1.04 eV) < collidine (-1.35 eV) < chloride (-1.40 eV); solvent = CH2Cl2], the pump-probe transient absorption dynamical data demonstrate that the nature of the dominant excited-state decay pathway is not correlated with the thermodynamic driving force for photoinduced charge separation, but depends on the ferric ion ligation mode. These data indicate that sterically bulky axial ligands that drive a pentacoordinate PFe center and a weak metal axial ligand interaction serve to sufficiently suppress the normally large magnitude nonradiative decay rate constants characteristic of (porphinato)iron(III) complexes, and thus make electron transfer a competitive excited-state deactivation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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31
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Ikeda T, Lintuluoto JM, Aratani N, Yoon ZS, Kim D, Osuka A. Synthesis of Doubly Strappedmeso–meso-Linked Porphyrin Arrays and Triply Linked Conjugated Porphyrin Tapes. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Matsuzaki Y, Nogami A, Tsuda A, Osuka A, Tanaka K. A Theoretical Study on the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of π-Conjugated Linear Porphyrin Arrays. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4888-99. [PMID: 16599459 DOI: 10.1021/jp0582989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By using the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) theory, the second hyperpolarizabilities (gamma) have been calculated for various pi-conjugated porphyrin arrays including "porphyrin tapes": the meso-beta doubly linked porphyrin array Dn and the meso-meso, beta-beta, beta-beta triply linked array Tn. The validity of the PPP theory is checked via a comparison with both the ab initio Hartree-Fock and the B3LYP theories in the case of porphyrin monomers and dimers. It is found that Dn and especially Tn exhibit much more remarkable evolution of gamma/n along with an increasing number of porphyrin units n compared with the butadiyne-bridged array, Yn. As a result, the static third-order susceptibilities chi((3)) of Dn and Tn are expected to be 1 and 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of Yn in the limit n --> infinity, and these advantages of porphyrin tapes become more prominent by taking into account geometrical relaxations of porphyrin units in the arrays. The structure-property relationship in various conjugated polymers including porphyrin arrays is interpreted on the basis of the scaling behaviors of chi((1)) and chi((3)) with the effective conjugation length (ECL) as well as the reciprocal HOMO-LUMO energy gap (1/E(g)). In particular, from the master plot of chi((3)) (and even chi((1))) versus 1/E(g), the pi-conjugation of Tn is noted to indeed be exceptional, because its large susceptibilities cannot be expected from the scaling behavior of ordinary one-dimensional conjugated systems. We also point out that the theory of scaling relationship, chi((3)) approximately 1/E(g)(x)(), is significantly improved by taking into account electron-electron interactions based on the comparison with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Matsuzaki
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba 293-8511, Japan.
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33
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Kodis G, Terazono Y, Liddell PA, Andréasson J, Garg V, Hambourger M, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Energy and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Wheel-Shaped Artificial Photosynthetic Antenna-Reaction Center Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:1818-27. [PMID: 16464080 DOI: 10.1021/ja055903c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional mimics of a photosynthetic antenna-reaction center complex comprising five bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene antenna moieties and a porphyrin-fullerene dyad organized by a central hexaphenylbenzene core have been prepared and studied spectroscopically. The molecules successfully integrate singlet-singlet energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer. Energy transfer from the five antennas to the porphyrin occurs on the picosecond time scale with a quantum yield of 1.0. Comparisons with model compounds and theory suggest that the Förster mechanism plays a major role in the extremely rapid energy transfer, which occurs at rates comparable to those seen in some photosynthetic antenna systems. A through-bond, electron exchange mechanism also contributes. The porphyrin first excited singlet state donates an electron to the attached fullerene to yield a P(*+)-C(60)(*-) charge-separated state, which has a lifetime of several nanoseconds. The quantum yield of charge separation based on light absorbed by the antenna chromophores is 80% for the free base molecule and 96% for the zinc analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
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34
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Huang TH, Chen YJ, Lo SS, Yen WN, Mai CL, Kuo MC, Yeh CY. Highly conjugated multiporphyrins: synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. Dalton Trans 2006:2207-13. [PMID: 16673035 DOI: 10.1039/b516725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of meso-to-meso ethynyl-bridged multiporphyrin arrays have been synthesized using Sonogoshira palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions involving the appropriate ethynylporphyrin and iodoporphyrin precursors. The absorption spectra of these multiporphyrins show splitting of the Soret bands and significant red shifts of the Q bands as compared to the combination of the corresponding components. These conjugated multiporphyrins also show red shifts in their emission spectra as the pi-conjugation is expanded. In the electrochemical measurements, the porphyrins dimer 7 shows two 1 - e- oxidations at E(1/2) = +0.63 and +0.76 V for the first electron abstraction from the two porphyrin rings, indicating electronic communication between the two porphyrin units. The porphyrin trimer 4 exhibits the first and second 1 - e- oxidations at E(1/2) = +0.68 and +0.77 V, respectively, which correspond to the two outer porphyrins. The cyclic voltammogram of pentamer 5 shows two overlapping 1 - e- couples at E(1/2) = +0.56 and +0.66 V, and one 2 - e- couple at E(1/2) = +0.86 V, for the four outer porphyrin units. These results demonstrate that in the porphyrin trimer and pentamer the individual peripheral porphyrin units are electrochemically coupled via a central porphyrin core. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra of the oxidized species of these multiporphyrins exhibit a broad intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band in the region from 1200 to 3000 nm. The present work shows that a central porphyrin unit appended with ethynyl bridges affords strong electronic interactions between the peripheral porphyrin rings over a distance of about 15 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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35
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Tsuda A, Hu H, Tanaka R, Aida T. Planar or Perpendicular? Conformational Preferences of π-Conjugated Metalloporphyrin Dimers and Trimers in Supramolecular Tubular Arrays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:4884-8. [PMID: 15995993 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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36
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Tsuda A, Hu H, Tanaka R, Aida T. Planar or Perpendicular? Conformational Preferences of π-Conjugated Metalloporphyrin Dimers and Trimers in Supramolecular Tubular Arrays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Meso–β doubly linked and meso–meso, β–β, β–β triply linked oligoporphyrin molecular tapes as potential non linear optical (NLO) materials: quantum chemical calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Ikeue T, Aratani N, Osuka A. Synthesis and characterization of fully conjugated porphyrin tapes. Isr J Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1560/e7ht-fh7b-7651-3hcn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Santosh G, Ravikanth M. Rhenium(I) bridged porphyrin dyads with heteroatom substituted cores: Synthesis and fluorescence properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Inokuma Y, Matsunari T, Ono N, Uno H, Osuka A. A Doubly N-Fused Benzohexaphyrin and Its Rearrangement to a Fluorescent Macrocycle upon DDQ Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Muranaka A, Yokoyama M, Matsumoto Y, Uchiyama M, Tsuda A, Osuka A, Kobayashi N. Magnetic Circular Dichroism Study of Directly Fused Porphyrins. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:171-9. [PMID: 15688661 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of doubly and triply linked fused bisporphyrins (2MD and 2MT, M = Ni, Zn, Cu, Pd, and H2) and triply linked higher oligomers (3ZnT and 4ZnT) have been measured, and their Q-bands assigned based on the results of INDO/s calculations. In contrast to the Faraday A term observed for the Q(0,0) band of Ni(II) tetraphenylporphyrin, a single positive Faraday B term was observed for the lowest energy transition of the fused systems. The calculations indicated that the molecular orbitals (MOs) of the directly fused porphyrins consist of linear combinations of the constituent monomeric MOs, and that the effect of lowering the symmetry is always larger on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) than on the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). On the basis of Michl's perimeter model, these features can be correlated with the observed positive MCD signs in the near infrared region. A weak absorption band at 600-700 nm for the fused dimers can be assigned to a short-axis polarized Q transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Muranaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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42
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Tan K, Jaquinod L, Paolesse R, Nardis S, Di Natale C, Di Carlo A, Prodi L, Montalti M, Zaccheroni N, Smith KM. Synthesis and characterization of β-fused porphyrin-BODIPY® dyads. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Richeter S, Jeandon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Graff R, Ruppert R, Callot HJ. Synthesis of New Porphyrins with Peripheral Conjugated Chelates and Their Use for the Preparation of Porphyrin Dimers Linked by Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2003; 43:251-63. [PMID: 14704075 DOI: 10.1021/ic035203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the preparation of several new porphyrins bearing chelating peripheral groups fully conjugated with the macrocyclic pi-system. Treatment of a 2-nitro-meso-tetraarylporphyrin with phosphite gave a cyclic enamine, whose formylation gave an enaminoaldehyde. The thio analogue was obtained on treatment with Lawesson's reagent. The same reagent was also used to obtain the isomeric thioenaminoketone chelates. A enaminoketone ligand was prepared from a porphyrinic pyrrolone. All these ligands, as internal nickel complexes, could be metalated with palladium to yield porphyrinic dimers. The dimers obtained from enaminoketones and thioketones show a trans geometry, while in the enaminoaldehyde and -thioaldehyde series the cis isomer is thermodynamically favored. The bathochromic shifts of the electronic spectra of the aldehyde-derived dimers illustrate the strong electronic effect of peripheral metalation and dimerization. However, in the case of the pyrrolone-derived ligand, opposite effects were observed, due to partial reconstitution of the porphyrin chromophore on complexation. As with the dimers derived from enaminoketones, the dimers derived from the new ligands show typical splitting (up to 190 mV) of the electrochemical waves confirming large porphyrin-porphyrin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Richeter
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Porphyrines, UMR 7123 CNRS, Faculté de Chimie, Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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44
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Kamo M, Tsuda A, Nakamura Y, Aratani N, Furukawa K, Kato T, Osuka A. Metal-dependent regioselective oxidative coupling of 5,10,15-triarylporphyrins with DDQ-Sc(OTf)3 and formation of an oxo-quinoidal porphyrin. Org Lett 2003; 5:2079-82. [PMID: 12790533 DOI: 10.1021/ol0344826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Regioselectivity of the oxidative coupling of 5,10,15-triarylporphyrin metal complexes with DDQ-Sc(OTf)(3) was dependent on the central metal and meso-aryl substituent. Oxo-quinoidal porphyrin was obtained from Ni(II) porphyrin under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kamo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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45
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Rubtsov IV, Susumu K, Rubtsov GI, Therien MJ. Ultrafast singlet excited-state polarization in electronically asymmetric ethyne-bridged bis[(porphinato)zinc(II)] complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2687-96. [PMID: 12603156 DOI: 10.1021/ja021157p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of two conjugated bis[(porphinato)zinc(II)] (bis[PZn]) species, bis[(5,5'-10,20-bis[3,5-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]ethyne (DD) and [(5,-10,20-bis[3,5-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]-[(5',-15'-ethynyl-10',20'-bis(heptafluoropropyl)porphinato)zinc(II)]ethyne (DA), were studied by pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy and hole burning techniques. Both of these meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged bis[PZn] compounds display intense near-infrared (NIR) transient S(1)-->S(n) absorptions and fast relaxation of their initially prepared, electronically excited Q states. Solvational and conformational relaxation play key roles in both DD and DA ground- and excited-state dynamics; in addition to these processes that drive spectral diffusion, electronically excited DA manifests a 3-fold diminution of S(1)-->S(0) oscillator strength on a 2-20 ps time scale. Both DD and DA display ground-state and time-dependent excited-state conformational heterogeneity; hole burning experiments show that this conformational heterogeneity is reflected largely by the extent of porphyrin-porphyrin conjugation, which varies as a function of the pigment-pigment dihedral angle distribution. While spectral diffusion can be seen for both compounds, rotational dynamics driving configurational averaging (tau approximately 30 ps), along with a small solvational contribution, account for essentially all of the spectral changes observed for electronically excited DD. For DA, supplementary relaxation processes play key roles in the excited-state dynamics. Two fast solvational components (0.27 and 1.7 ps) increase the DA excited-state dipole moment and reduce concomitantly the corresponding S(1)-->S(0) transition oscillator strength; these data show that these effects derive from a time-dependent change of the degree of DA S(1)-state polarization, which is stimulated by solvation and enhanced excited-state inner-sphere structural relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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Cho HS, Jeong DH, Cho S, Kim D, Matsuzaki Y, Tanaka K, Tsuda A, Osuka A. Photophysical properties of porphyrin tapes. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14642-54. [PMID: 12465975 DOI: 10.1021/ja020826w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel fused Zn(II)porphyrin arrays (Tn, porphyrin tapes) in which the porphyrin macrocycles are triply linked at meso-meso, beta-beta, beta-beta positions have been investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements along with theoretical MO calculations. The absorption spectra of the porphyrin tapes show a systematic downshift to the IR region as the number of porphyrin pigments increases in the arrays. The fused porphyrin arrays exhibit a rapid formation of the lowest excited states (for T2, approximately 500 fs) via fast internal conversion processes upon photoexcitation at 400 nm (Soret bands), which is much faster than the internal conversion process of approximately 1.2 ps observed for a monomeric Zn(II)porphyrin. The relaxation dynamics of the lowest excited states of the porphyrin tapes were accelerated from approximately 4.5 ps for the T2 dimer to approximately 0.3 ps for the T6 hexamer as the number of porphyrin units increases, being explained well by the energy gap law. The overall photophysical properties of the porphyrin tapes were observed to be in a sharp contrast to those of the orthogonal porphyrin arrays. The PPP-SCI calculated charge-transfer probability indicates that the lowest excited state of the porphyrin tapes (Tn) resembles a Wannier-type exciton closely, whereas the lowest excited state of the directly linked porphyrin arrays can be considered as a Frenkel-type exciton. Conclusively, these unique photophysical properties of the porphyrin tapes have aroused much interest in the fundamental photophysics of large flat organic molecules as well as in the possible applications as electric wires, IR sensors, and nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sun Cho
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Characteristics Control and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Richeter S, Jeandon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Ruppert R, Callot HJ. Syntheses and optical and electrochemical properties of porphyrin dimers linked by metal ions. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:6168-79. [PMID: 12022852 DOI: 10.1021/ja017531n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation, isolation, and characterization of several new peripherally functionalized monomeric porphyrins and metalloporphyrins and of porphyrin dimers are described. These dimers are obtained by linking with metal ions two monomeric porphyrins bearing at their periphery an enaminoketone chelate fully conjugated with the aromatic ring. Porphyrin dimers linked by metal ions display large interactions in the ground state as evidenced by their electronic spectra and their electrochemical behavior. Compared to the monomeric analogue, these dimers show absorption spectra with intensified red-shifted Q-bands and their first oxidation potentials are substantially lowered and split into two distinct redox steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Richeter
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Porphyrines, UMR 7123 CNRS, Faculté de Chimie, Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Tsuda A, Furuta H, Osuka A. Syntheses, structural characterizations, and optical and electrochemical properties of directly fused diporphyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10304-21. [PMID: 11603981 DOI: 10.1021/ja0110933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Directly fused diporphyrins display the extensive pi conjugation as evinced by highly perturbed electronic absorption spectra as well as lowered and largely split first oxidation potentials. Such diporphyrins prepared include meso-beta doubly linked diporphyrins 7, meso-meso beta-beta beta-beta triply linked diporphyrins 8, and meso-meso beta-beta doubly linked diporphyrins 9. Oxidation of 5,15-diaryl-substituted and 5,10,15-triaryl-substituted Ni(II)-, Cu(II)-, and Pd(II)-porphyrins with tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate (BAHA) in CHCl(3) afforded 7, and triply linked Cu(II)-diporphyrins 8a and 8g were respectively prepared by the oxidation of meso-meso singly linked Cu(II)-diporphyrins 5c and 5f with BAHA. Meso-meso beta-beta doubly linked Ni(II)-diporphyrin 9a was isolated along with triply linked Ni(II)-diporphyrin 8e from the similar oxidation of meso-meso singly linked Ni(II)-diporphyrin 5a. Doubly linked diporphyrins 7 and 9a both exhibit significantly perturbed electronic absorption spectra, in which the Soret-like bands are largely split at around 405-418 and 500-616 nm and the Q-bandlike absorption bands are substantially intensified and red-shifted at 748-820 nm, probably as a consequence of symmetry lowering. Triply linked diporphyrins 8 display more strongly perturbed electronic absorption spectra with split Soret-like bands at 408-419 and 567-582 nm and Q-bandlike absorption bands reaching far-infrared region. Structures of three types of fused diporphyrins 7b and 7c, 8g and 8j, and 9a have been unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography to be nearly coplanar. Both the triply linked diporphyrins 8g and 8j exhibit very flat structures, whereas the doubly linked diporphyrins 7b and 7c exhibit ruffled structures. The doubly linked diporphyrin 9a shows a helically twisted conformation with larger ruffling toward the opposite directions and has been actually separated into two enantiomers, which display strong Cotton effects in the CD spectra. The first oxidation potentials (E(OX1)) decrease in the order of 5 > 7 > or = 9 > 8, indicating lift-up of HOMO orbital in this order, and split potential differences DeltaE = E(OX1) - E(OX2), in turn, increase in the reverse order of 5 < 7< or = 9 < 8. The (1)H NMR spectra have indicated that the aromatic porphyrin ring current becomes weakened in the order of 5 > 7 > 8. Collectively, the electronic interactions between the diporphyrins have been concluded to increase in the other of 5 << 7 < or = 9 < 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Burrell
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences-Chemistry, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Aratani N, Osuka A. A New Strategy for Construction of Covalently Linked Giant Porphyrin Arrays with One, Two, and Three Dimensionally Arranged Architectures. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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