1
|
El Malah T, Nour HF. Click Synthesis of Shape-Persistent Azodendrimers and their Orthogonal Self-Assembly to Nanofibres. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has been efficiently utilized to synthesize a series of dendrons with amino functionalities. The aminodendrons successfully underwent azodimerization to furnish a series of pyridyl- and phenyl-based azodendrimers with peripheral alkyl or ether side chain substituents. The molecular structures of the azodendrimers were fully assigned using different spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and the molecular weights were determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The molecular self-assembly of the azodendrimers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the formation of highly ordered and uniform self-assembled nanofibres.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ortíz-Palacios J, Rodríguez-Alba E, Zaragoza-Galán G, Rivera E. Fréchet-type dendrons bearing azobenzene units and flexible oligo(ethylene glycol) spacers: synthesis, characterization, thermal and optical properties. Des Monomers Polym 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2013.771310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ortíz-Palacios
- a Department of Rheology and Polymers , Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 , D.F. México , Mexico
| | - Efraín Rodríguez-Alba
- a Department of Rheology and Polymers , Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 , D.F. México , Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zaragoza-Galán
- a Department of Rheology and Polymers , Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 , D.F. México , Mexico
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- a Department of Rheology and Polymers , Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 , D.F. México , Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Gao M, Sun J, Liang D, Jia X. Photoresponsive Dendronized Copolymers of Styrene and Maleic Anhydride Pendant with Poly(amidoamine) Dendrons as Side Groups. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302358t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dehai Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W, Dohi T, Hara M, Nagano S, Haba O, Yonetake K, Seki T. Phototriggered Mass Migration Consorted with Surface Dewetting in Thin Films of a Liquid Crystalline Azobenzene-containing Dendrimer. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301170x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Li
- Department of Molecular Design
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoki Dohi
- Department of Molecular Design
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Department of Molecular Design
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-PRESTO, 5-3, Yonbancho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-8666 Japan
| | - Osamu Haba
- Department
of Organic Device
Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510,
Japan
| | - Koichiro Yonetake
- Department
of Organic Device
Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510,
Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular Design
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kevwitch RM, Shanahan CS, McGrath DV. Vanillin and o-vanillin oligomers as models for dendrimer disassembly. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
6
|
Bléger D, Liebig T, Thiermann R, Maskos M, Rabe JP, Hecht S. Light-Orchestrated Macromolecular “Accordions”: Reversible Photoinduced Shrinking of Rigid-Rod Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
7
|
Bléger D, Liebig T, Thiermann R, Maskos M, Rabe JP, Hecht S. Light-Orchestrated Macromolecular “Accordions”: Reversible Photoinduced Shrinking of Rigid-Rod Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12559-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
8
|
Nguyen TTT, Türp D, Wang D, Nölscher B, Laquai F, Müllen K. A Fluorescent, Shape-Persistent Dendritic Host with Photoswitchable Guest Encapsulation and Intramolecular Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11194-204. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2022398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thanh-Tam Nguyen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David Türp
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Belinda Nölscher
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kozaki M, Okada K. Construction and Functionalization of Dendrimers with Conjugated Backbones. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2011. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Bléger D, Yu Z, Hecht S. Toward optomechanics: Maximizing the photodeformation of individual molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12260-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
11
|
Stimuli-responsive dendritic structures: The case of light-driven azobenzene-containing dendrimers and dendrons. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Mitsuno C, Momotake A, Shinohara Y, Takahashi K, Nagahata R, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Stilbene-cored poly(glutamate) dendrimers. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Kato K, Momotake A, Shinohara Y, Sato T, Takahashi K, Nagahata R, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Photochemical Properties of 3,3′-Disubstituted Stilbene Dendrimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
14
|
Preparation of benzothiazole-substituted carbosilane dendrimers up to the 7th generation. Molecules 2009; 14:1605-13. [PMID: 19384289 PMCID: PMC6254151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14041605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbosilane dendrimers with 2-(2-phenyloxy)benzothiazole groups on the periphery were prepared from the 1st to the 7th generation. All dendrimers were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, MALDI TOF MS, GPC, and PL (photoluminescence) spectroscopy. Characteristic PDI (Polydisperse Index) values of the peaks corresponding to the respective dendrimers in the GPC data is in very narrow range of 1.00~1.04. All PL spectra show a blue-shift increasing with generation from the 1st to the 7th.
Collapse
|
15
|
SYNTHESIS AND SELF-ASSEMBLING OF A NEW PHOTO-SENSITIVE TERPOLYMER. ACTA POLYM SIN 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2009.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Liquid-crystalline carbosilane dendrimers of different molecular architecture with photochromic mesogenic and aliphatic terminal groups. Russ Chem Bull 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Schubert D, Corda M, Lukin O, Brusilowskij B, Fiškin E, Schalley CA. A Topological View of Isomeric Dendrimers. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
18
|
Puntoriero F, Bergamini G, Ceroni P, Balzani V, Vögtle F. A fluorescent guest encapsulated by a photoreactive azobenzene dendrimer. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b718095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Jiao Q, Yi Z, Chen Y, Xi F. Synthesis and encapsulation properties of dendronized polymer with Fréchet-type dendrons peripherally decorated by carboxylic acid functionalization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Ray A, Bhattacharya S, Ghorai S, Ganguly T, Bhattacharjya A. Synthesis and trans–cis isomerization of azobenzene dendrimers incorporating 1,2-isopropylidenefuranose rings. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Puntoriero F, Ceroni P, Balzani V, Bergamini G, Vögtle F. Photoswitchable Dendritic Hosts: A Dendrimer with Peripheral Azobenzene Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10714-9. [PMID: 17696531 DOI: 10.1021/ja070636r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the adducts formed by eosin (E) with a fourth generation dendrimer (D) that comprises 30 tertiary amine units in the interior and 32 naphthyl and 32 trans azobenzene units in the periphery. We have found that: (i) the all trans dendrimer D(32t) can be converted by irradiation with 365 nm light (Phi=0.12) into species containing, as an average, 4 trans and 28 cis azobenzene units, D(4t28c), that at 313 K undergoes a D(4t28c) --> D(32t) thermal back reaction (k = 7.0 x 10(-5) s(-1)); (ii) D(32t) and D(4t28c) extract 8 and, respectively, 6 eosin molecules from water at pH 7, yielding the species D(32t) subset 8E and D(4t28c) subset 6E; (iii) eosin uptake is significantly faster for D(32t) than for D(4t28c); (iv) irradiation at 365 nm of the D(32t) subset 8E species at 298 K leads to the release of two eosin molecules with formation of a photostable D(15t17c) subset 6E species (Phi = 0.15) that is also obtained from the back thermal reaction of D(4t28c) subset6E at 313 K (k = 2.7 x 10(-5) s(-1)); (v) thermal release of E from D(32t) subset 6E is much faster than from D(4t28c) subset 6E; and (vi) excitation of E in the adducts sensitizes the cis --> trans (but not the trans --> cis) isomerization. The results obtained show that the isomerization of the 32 peripheral azobenzene units controls to some extent the hosting capacity of the dendrimer and, viceversa, eosin molecules hosted in the dendrimer affect the isomerization process of its azobenzene units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Zhang W, Xie J, Shi W. Synthesis and characterization of dendrons and dendrimers skeleton-constructed with azobenzene moiety. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Uda M, Mizutani T, Hayakawa J, Momotake A, Ikegami M, Nagahata R, Arai T. Photoisomerization of Stilbene Dendrimers: The Need for a Volume-conserving Isomerization Mechanism¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760596posdtn2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
Wang G, Zhu X, Wu J, Zhu J, Chen X, Cheng Z. Synthesis and photoinduced surface-relief grating of well-defined azo-containing polymethacrylates via atom transfer radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
We devised a practical synthetic route to azobenzenophanes via successive Cu- and Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl hydrazide and aryl halide followed by Cu(I)-mediated oxidation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 131-791, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gabriel CJ, Dematteo MP, Paul NM, Takaya T, Gustafson TL, Hadad CM, Parquette JR. A New Class of Intramolecularly Hydrogen-Bonded Dendrons Based on a 2-Methoxyisophthalamide Repeat Unit. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9035-44. [PMID: 17109527 DOI: 10.1021/jo061351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and conformational properties of folded dendrons based on a 2-methoxyisophthalamide (2-OMe-IPA) repeat unit are described. The hydrodynamic properties of dendrons preorganized via the syn-syn conformational preference of 2-methoxyisophthalamide are compared with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide (2,6-pydic) analogues. The effect of subtle differences in the nature of the conformational equilibria that exist within the 2-OMe-IPA and 2,6-pydic repeat units on the global structural properties of the corresponding dendrons was explored computationally, by (1)H-DOSY NMR spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (TRFA) measurements. Whereas the syn-syn preference of the 2-OMe-IPA branched repeat unit is stabilized entirely by intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions, this preference in the 2,6-pydic system is a consequence of both intramolecular hydrogen-bonding and dipole minimization effects. However, nonspecific solvophobic compression is more important in determining hydrodynamic properties than solvent-dependent shifts in the conformational equilibria of the repeat unit for both dendron series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yanagimoto Y, Takaguchi Y, Tsuboi S, Ichihara M, Ohta K. Photoreactivity of Tetra-Substituted Anthracene Derivatives and Their Mesophases. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
29
|
Murali M, Samui AB. Synthesis, photochemical and phase behavior of linear and hyperbranched photoactive benzylidene liquid-crystalline polyesters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
30
|
Lockman JW, Paul NM, Parquette JR. The role of dynamically correlated conformational equilibria in the folding of macromolecular structures. A model for the design of folded dendrimers. Prog Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2005.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
31
|
Wang S, Wang X, Li L, Advincula RC. Design, Synthesis, and Photochemical Behavior of Poly(benzyl ester) Dendrimers with Azobenzene Groups throughout Their Architecture. J Org Chem 2004; 69:9073-84. [PMID: 15609940 DOI: 10.1021/jo0499773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of dendrons and dendrimers containing azobenzene units (bearing up to 29 azobenzene groups for four generations) were designed and synthesized with the convergent method, which uses azobenzene derivatives as monomers and benzyl ester groups as linkages leading to photoresponsive dendrons and dendrimers with azobenzene units throughout their architecture. Photochemical isomerization experiments revealed that all of the dendrons and dendrimers undergo trans-cis isomerization by irradiation and cis-trans isomerization by either irradiation or heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Momotake A, Arai T. Synthesis, excited state properties, and dynamic structural change of photoresponsive dendrimers. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
33
|
Lim YK, Choi S, Park KB, Cho CG. Synthesis of novel 1,3,5-tris(arylazo)benzenes via Pd-catalyzed couplings and Cu(I)-mediated direct oxidations. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2603-6. [PMID: 15049670 DOI: 10.1021/jo035720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 1,3,5-tris-azobenzenes were prepared from 1,3,5-trihalobenzene via Pd-catalyzed couplings of N-Boc aryl hydrazines and subsequent Cu(I)-mediated direct oxidations. The oxidation of tris-arylhydrazide provided the azobenzene as a mixture of all four of the possible E/Z-isomers; [E,E,E]-, [E,E,Z]-, [E,Z,Z]-, and [Z,Z,Z]-1,3,5-tris-azobenzenes. A slow removal of the solvent in the dark transformed the isomers into the all-trans, [E,E,E]-isomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwan Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 131-791, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liao LX, Stellacci F, McGrath DV. Photoswitchable flexible and shape-persistent dendrimers: comparison of the interplay between a photochromic azobenzene core and dendrimer structure. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:2181-5. [PMID: 14971953 DOI: 10.1021/ja036418p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two analogous classes of dendrimers with a single azobenzene moiety at the core have been prepared. Flexible benzyl aryl ether dendrimers 1a-e were obtained in good yields by direct alkylation of diphenolic azobenzene 3 with benzyl aryl ether dendrons [G-n]-Br (n = 0-4). In rigid dendrimers 2a-e, the azobenzene configurational switch was linked to phenylacetylene dendrons through acetylenic linkages to maintain the shape-persistent nature of these dendrimers. A comparison of these two different classes of dendrimers with azobenzene cores reveals a difference in the properties of the photochromic moiety upon dendritic incorporation as well as a significant difference in the photomodulation of dendrimer properties. The E --> Z photoisomerization quantum yield decreased markedly with increasing generation for dendrimers 1a-e but only slightly for dendrimers 2a-e. However, increasing generation did not significantly alter thermal isomerization kinetics or activation barriers. The hydrodynamic volumes of azobenzene-containing dendrimers 2b-e were significantly modulated when the azobenzene unit is subjected to irradiation, while those of dendrimers 1b-e were only slightly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Momotake A, Arai T. Photochemistry and photophysics of stilbene dendrimers and related compounds. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2004.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Gopalan P, Katz HE, McGee DJ, Erben C, Zielinski T, Bousquet D, Muller D, Grazul J, Olsson Y. Star-Shaped Azo-Based Dipolar Chromophores: Design, Synthesis, Matrix Compatibility, and Electro-optic Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1741-7. [PMID: 14871105 DOI: 10.1021/ja039768k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new azo-benzene-based push-pull chromophores with dendritic architecture were synthesized as active materials for electro-optic applications. These chromophores were synthesized in six or seven synthetic steps with an overall yield of around 80% per step and high purity. UV-vis spectroscopy showed significant influence of the transient dipole moment on the observed r(33) values. The chromophores were stable to photochemical oxidation in ambient light and air. The electrical poling conditions were optimized for each chromophore as the T(g) of the composite material varied significantly. The highest EO coefficient achieved was 22-25 pm/V at 1550 nm wavelength. STEM analysis of the blends enabled the correlation of the activity of these large chromophores with the blend morphology. An amorphous polycarbonate host effectively disperses the chromophores in 2-20 nm aggregates in the active materials. However, macrophase separation into 200-500 nm aggregates was observed in a methacrylate host matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padma Gopalan
- Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched azobenzene-containing polymers via self-condensing atom transfer radical polymerization and copolymerization. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
39
|
Vicinelli V, Ceroni P, Maestri M, Lazzari M, Balzani V, Lee SK, Heyst Jv JV, Vogtle F. Photochemical and photophysical properties of a poly(propylene amine) dendrimer functionalised with E-stilbene units. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:2207-13. [PMID: 15280957 DOI: 10.1039/b404463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A second generation poly(propylene amine) dendrimer functionalized at the periphery with eight E-stilbene and eight 4-tert-butylbenzenesulfonyl units has been prepared. The absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and decay, E<==>Z photoisomerization, and photocyclization of the Z-isomer of the stilbene units have been investigated in air equilibrated acetonitrile solutions. For comparison purposes, a reference compound of the peripheral dendrimer units, namely 4-tert-butyl-N-propyl-N-(4-styryl-benzyl)-benzenesulfonamide, has also been studied. The quantum yield of the E-->Z photoisomerization reaction (0.30) and the fluorescence quantum yield of the E isomer (0.014) are substantially smaller for the units appended to the dendrimer compared to those of the reference compound (0.50 and 0.046, respectively). The presence of a red tail and the biexponential decay of the emission band of the dendrimer indicate formation of excimers between the stilbene units appended at the poly(propylene amine) dendritic structure. Under the experimental conditions used (lambda(exc)= 313 nm), a Z/E photostationary state (around 9 : 1 for both reference compound and dendrimer ) is reached in the time scale of minutes. On continuing irradiation, other photoreactions take place in the time scale of hours: the stilbene moiety of compound undergoes photocyclization to phenanthrene (quantum yield 0.015), whereas in dendrimer photocyclization to phenanthrene is accompanied by other processes, including a photoreaction involving the internal amine groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vicinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Universita di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang B, Prantil MA, Gustafson TL, Parquette JR. The Effect of Global Compaction on the Local Secondary Structure of Folded Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:14518-30. [PMID: 14624601 DOI: 10.1021/ja037895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nonlocal interactions on the local structural propensities of folded dendrimers was evaluated in this work by comparing, under identical conditions, the conformational properties of isomeric dendrimers differing in their global packing efficiency. Accordingly, a modular synthesis of two series of dendrimers up to the third generation was developed to provide efficient access to isomeric dendrimers displaying different levels of overall compaction. Dendrimer compaction levels were adjusted by connecting the folded dendrons to 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride, as the central core, via either a 2- or a 4-aminobenzamide linkage to induce relatively "compacted" or "expanded" conformations, respectively. The hydrodynamic volumes of the dendrimers were measured by time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (TRFA) measurements as a function of the dendrimer series, generation level, and solvent. Packing efficiencies (compaction levels) were estimated by the ratio (V(h)/V(vw)) of the experimental hydrodynamic volume (V(h)) to the calculated van der Waals volume (V(vw)). The extent and stability of local helical bias was measured using circular dichroism and correlated with the packing efficiency (V(h)/V(vw)). These studies suggested that compaction plays an extremely important role in determining the secondary structural preferences of the dendrimers; however, the nature of compaction was more important than the extent of compaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tatewaki H, Mizutani T, Hayakawa J, Arai T, Terazima M. Energy Releasing and Conformational Dynamics of Stilbene Dendrimers upon Photoisomerization. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tatewaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizutani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Junpei Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masahide Terazima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chasse TL, Yohannan JC, Kim N, Li Q, Li Z, Gorman CB. Dendritic encapsulation-roles of cores and branches. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
43
|
Uda M, Mizutani T, Hayakawa J, Momotake A, Ikegami M, Nagahata R, Arai T. Photoisomerization of stilbene dendrimers: the need for a volume-conserving isomerization mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:596-605. [PMID: 12511039 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0596:posdtn>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly branched stilbene dendrimers were synthesized and their photochemical behavior was studied. Even the stilbene dendrimer with molecular weight over 6500 underwent trans-cis isomerization in the excited singlet state within the lifetime of 10 ns. The photoisomerization of C=C double bond of stilbene dendrimers in the excited state may proceed by a volume-conserving novel mechanism such as hula-twist rather than conventional 180 degrees rotation around the C=C double bond based on fluorescence and isomerization experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Uda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bozec HL, Bouder TL, Maury O, Ledoux I, Zyss J. Coordination chemistry for nonlinear optics: a powerful tool for the design of octupolar molecules and supramolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/4/6/351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
45
|
Waybright SM, McAlpine K, Laskoski M, Smith MD, Bunz UHF. Organometallic dendrimers based on (tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cyclopentadienylcobalt modules. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8661-6. [PMID: 12121108 DOI: 10.1021/ja026462p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of novel organometallic polyphenylene dendrimers containing 24 or 44 phenyl rings and one cyclobutadiene(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt unit is reported. The dendrimers are made by the convergent CpCo(CO)(2)-mediated dimerization of di- or tetraethynyltolanes followed by a divergent core extension utilizing tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The obtained dendrimers are air and water stable, soluble materials that show interesting differences in their hydrodynamic properties as evidenced by gel permeation chromatography. Scanning pulse voltammetry in solution shows that the dendrimers are oxidized at potentials ranging from 0.8 to 0.83 V. The more sterically encumbered the dendrimer, the higher its oxidation potential, that is, the more difficult oxidation is.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Waybright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Imai M, Arai T. Synthesis and photochemical properties of polyphenylene dendrimers with photoreactive stilbene core. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Vicinelli V, Ceroni P, Maestri M, Balzani V, Gorka M, Vögtle F. Luminescent lanthanide ions hosted in a fluorescent polylysin dendrimer. Antenna-like sensitization of visible and near-infrared emission. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:6461-8. [PMID: 12033877 DOI: 10.1021/ja017672p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the complexation of the luminescent Nd(3+), Eu(3+), Gd(3+), Tb(3+), Er(3+), and Yb(3+) ions by a polylysin dendrimer containing 21 amide groups in the interior and, in the periphery, 24 chromophoric dansyl units which show an intense fluorescence band in the visible region. Most of the experiments were performed in 5:1 acetonitrile/dichloromethane solution at 298 K. On addition of the lanthanide ions to dendrimer solutions, the fluorescence of the dansyl units is quenched; in Nd(3+), Er(3+), and Yb(3+), a sensitized near-infrared emission of the lanthanide ion is observed. At low metal ion concentrations, each dendrimer hosts only one metal ion and when the hosted metal ion is Nd(3+) or Eu(3+), the fluorescence of all the 24 dansyl units of the dendrimer is quenched with unitary efficiency. Quantitative measurements were performed in a variety of experimental conditions, including protonation of the dansyl units and measurements in rigid matrix at 77 K where a sensitized Eu(3+) emission could also be observed. The results obtained have been interpreted on the basis of the energy levels and redox potentials of dendrimer and metal ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vicinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Takaguchi Y, Saito K, Suzuki S, Hamada K, Ohta K, Motoyoshiya J, Aoyama H. Synthesis and Characterization of a Poly(amide amine) Dendrimer Disulfide Having Hydroxy Groups as the Terminals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
49
|
Balzani V, Ceroni P, Gestermann S, Gorka M, Kauffmann C, Vögtle F. Fluorescent guests hosted in fluorescent dendrimers. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
50
|
Vögtle F, Gorka M, Hesse R, Ceroni P, Maestri M, Balzani V. Photochemical and photophysical properties of poly(propylene amine) dendrimers with peripheral naphthalene and azobenzene groups. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:45-51. [PMID: 12659148 DOI: 10.1039/b106813j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation, the absorption spectra, and the photophysical and photochemical properties in dichloromethane solution of four dendrimers of the poly(propylene amine) family (indicated by POPAM or PPI) functionalised with naphthalene and trans-azobenzene units. Each dendrimer Gn, where n = 1 to 4 is the generation number, comprises 2(n+1)-2 (i.e., 30 for G4) tertiary amine units in the interior and 2(n1) (i.e., 32 for G4) naphthalene and trans-azobenzene units in the periphery. For comparison purposes, the photophysical and photochemical properties of model compounds of the peripheral units have also been investigated. We have found that the fluorescence of the naphthalene units is quenched by the tertiary amines (via electron transfer) as well as by the trans-azobenzene units (via energy transfer). The quantum yields of the trans-->cis and cis-->trans photoisomerisation of the azobenzene units have been measured at various excitation wavelengths. Quenching of the fluorescence of the excited naphthalene unit by the trans- and cis-azobenzene units is accompanied by the sensitisation of the cis-->trans (but not of the trans-->cis) isomerisation. The rate constant of the thermal cis-->trans isomerisation of the azobenzene units has also been measured. Comparison of the results obtained for model compounds and for the G4 dendrimer shows that the dendritic structure favours the trans configuration of the azobenzene units ("dendritic effect"), presumably because it is less demanding in terms of space and causes less crowding on the dendrimer surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Vögtle
- Kekul-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|