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El-Assaad TH, Zhu J, Sebastian A, McGrath DV, Neogi I, Parida KN. Dioxiranes: A Half-Century Journey. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dioxiranes are multi-tasking reagents inheriting mild and selective oxygen transfer attributes. These oxidants are accessed from the reaction of ketones with an oxidant and are employed stoichiometrically or catalytically (in...
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2
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D'Accolti L, Annese C, Fusco C. Continued Progress towards Efficient Functionalization of Natural and Non-natural Targets under Mild Conditions: Oxygenation by C-H Bond Activation with Dioxirane. Chemistry 2019; 25:12003-12017. [PMID: 31150563 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The successful isolation and characterization of a dioxirane species in 1988 opened up one of the most attractive methods for the efficient oxidation of simple and/or structurally complex molecules. Dioxirane today rank among the most powerful tools in organic chemistry, with numerous applications in commercially important processes. They were quickly recognized as efficient oxygen transfer agents, especially for epoxidations and for a wide range of O-insertion reactions into C-H bonds. Dioxirane possess catalytic activity and appear as highly (chemo-, regio-, and stereo-) selective oxidants, despite their reactivity under mild and strictly neutral conditions being controlled by a combination of steric and electronic factors. In this review, we discuss some of the most recent and significant developments in the selective homogeneous and heterogeneous oxyfunctionalization of non-activated C-H bonds in hydrocarbons of natural and non-natural targets by using isolated dioxirane or, more generally, by using the ketones (i.e., the dioxirane precursors) as organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia D'Accolti
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Annese
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Council of Research of Italy, CNR-ICCOM, SS Bari, Chemistry Department, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Fusco
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Council of Research of Italy, CNR-ICCOM, SS Bari, Chemistry Department, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, Bari, Italy
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3
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Hu C, Hong G, Nahide PD, He Y, Zhou C, Kozlowski MC, Wang L. C(sp 3)-H hydroxylation of fluorenes, oxindoles and benzofuranones with a Mg(NO 3) 2-HP(O)Ph 2 oxidation system. Org Chem Front 2019; 6:3167-3171. [PMID: 31516715 DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00778d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel oxidation system in which magnesium nitrate [Mg(NO3)2] is used as an oxidant in the presence of diphe-nylphosphine oxide [HP(O)Ph2] permits the C(sp3)-H hydroxylation of fluorenes, oxindoles, and benzofuranones. This method features high efficiency, good functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity. The synthetic utility is highlighted by further transformations to valuable organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Gang Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Pradip D Nahide
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yuchen He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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4
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Kiyokawa K, Ito R, Takemoto K, Minakata S. C-H oxygenation at tertiary carbon centers using iodine oxidant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7609-7612. [PMID: 29926057 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03735c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An oxidation system in which iodic acid (HIO3) is used as an oxidant in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) permitted the selective hydroxylation of tertiary C-H bonds and the lactonization of carboxylic acids containing a tertiary carbon center. These reactions are operationally simple and proceed under metal-free conditions using commercially available reagents, thus offering an ideal tool for the efficient oxidation of C-H bonds at tertiary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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5
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Yacob S, Caulfield MJ, Barckholtz TA. Partial oxidation of alkanes by dioxiranes formed in situ at low temperature. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0055. [PMID: 29175986 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Partial oxidation catalysts capable of efficiently operating at low temperatures may limit the over-oxidation of alkane substrates and thereby improve selectivity. This work focuses on examining alkane oxidation using completely metal-free organocatalysts, dioxiranes. The dioxiranes employed here are synthesized by oxidation of a ketone using a terminal oxidant, such as hydrogen peroxide. Our work generates the dioxirane in situ, so that the process can be catalytic with respect to the ketone. To date, we have demonstrated selective partial oxidation of adamantane using ketone catalysts resulting in yields upwards of 60% towards 1-adamantanol with greater than 99% selectivity. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that changing the electrophilic character of the ketone R groups to contain more electron-donating ligands facilitates the dioxirane ring formation and improves overall oxidation yields. Isotopic labelling studies using H218O2 show the preferential incorporation of an 18O label into the parent ketone, providing evidence for a dioxirane intermediate formed in situ The isotopic labelling studies, along with solvent effect studies, suggest the formation of peracetic acid as a reactive intermediate.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yacob
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Michael J Caulfield
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Timothy A Barckholtz
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
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6
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Liu F, Yang Z, Yu Y, Mei Y, Houk KN. Bimodal Evans-Polanyi Relationships in Dioxirane Oxidations of sp 3 C-H: Non-perfect Synchronization in Generation of Delocalized Radical Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16650-16656. [PMID: 29069541 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The selectivities in C-H oxidations of a variety of compounds by DMDO have been explored with density functional theory. There is a linear Evans-Polanyi-type correlation for saturated substrates. Activation energies correlate with reaction energies or, equivalently, BDEs (ΔH‡sat = 0.91*BDE - 67.8). Unsaturated compounds, such as alkenes, aromatics, and carbonyls, exhibit a different correlation for allylic and benzylic C-H bonds (ΔH‡unsat = 0.35*BDE - 13.1). Bernasconi's Principle of Non-Perfect Synchronization (NPS) is found to operate here. The origins of this phenomenon were analyzed by a Distortion/Interaction model. Computations indicate early transition states for H-abstractions from allylic and benzylic C-H bonds, but later transition states for the saturated. The reactivities are mainly modulated by the distortion energy and the degree of dissociation of the C-H bond. While the increase in barrier with higher BDE is not unexpected from the Evans-Polanyi relationship, two separate correlations, one for saturated compounds, and one for unsaturated leading to delocalized radicals, were unexpected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yanmin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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7
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Yang B, Cui JF, Wong MK. Selective C–H bond hydroxylation of cyclohexanes in water by supramolecular control. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A new approach for selective hydroxylation of non-activated cyclohexanes using dioxirane generated in situ in water through supramolecular control has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Shenzhen Research Institute
- Shenzhen
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences
| | - Jian-Fang Cui
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Shenzhen Research Institute
- Shenzhen
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences
| | - Man Kin Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Shenzhen Research Institute
- Shenzhen
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences
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8
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Yang Z, Yu P, Houk KN. Molecular Dynamics of Dimethyldioxirane C–H Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4237-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Bach RD. The DMDO Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons via the Oxygen Rebound Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:840-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Bach
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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10
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O’Connor NR, Bolgar P, Stoltz BM. Development of a simple system for the oxidation of electron-rich diazo compounds to ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Canta M, Font D, Gómez L, Ribas X, Costas M. The Iron(II) Complex [Fe(CF3SO3)2(mcp)] as a Convenient, Readily Available Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Methylenic Sites in Alkanes. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Hussain H, Green IR, Ahmed I. Journey describing applications of oxone in synthetic chemistry. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3329-71. [PMID: 23451713 DOI: 10.1021/cr3004373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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13
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Vannucci AK, Chen Z, Concepcion JJ, Meyer TJ. Nonaqueous Electrocatalytic Oxidation of the Alkylaromatic Ethylbenzene by a Surface Bound RuV(O) Catalyst. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300040m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, United States
| | - Zuofeng Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, United States
| | - Javier J. Concepcion
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, United States
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14
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Fung YS, Yan SC, Wong MK. Selective oxidation of unactivated C–H bonds by supramolecular control. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3122-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons with hydrogen peroxide by vanadium-based polyoxometalates. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Veloza LA, Orozco LM, Sepúlveda-Arias JC. Use of Dimethyldioxirane in the Epoxidation of the Main Constituents of the Essential Oils Obtained from Tagetes Lucida, Cymbopogon Citratus, Lippia Alba and Eucalyptus citriodora. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), a widely used oxidant in organic synthesis is considered an environmentally friendly oxygen transfer reagent because acetone is the only byproduct formed in its oxidation reactions. This work describes the isolation of the main constituents (terpenes) in the essential oils obtained from Tagetes lucida, Cymbopogon citratus, Lippia alba and Eucalyptus citriodora, their epoxidation with DMDO in acetone solution and the characterization of the resulting epoxides by GC-MS (EI) and NMR. This is one of the first reports involving the application of dioxirane chemistry to essential oils in order to generate modified compounds with potential uses in several areas of medicine and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz A. Veloza
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Escuela de Química, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 097, Vereda La Julita Pereira, Risaralda – Colombia
| | - Lina M. Orozco
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Escuela de Química, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 097, Vereda La Julita Pereira, Risaralda – Colombia
| | - Juan C. Sepúlveda-Arias
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 097, Vereda La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda – Colombia
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17
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Annese C, D'Accolti L, De Zotti M, Fusco C, Toniolo C, Williard PG, Curci R. Concerning selectivity in the oxidation of peptides by dioxiranes. Further insight into the effect of carbamate protecting groups. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4812-6. [PMID: 20560586 DOI: 10.1021/jo100855h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With use of methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (TFDO), the oxidation of some tripeptide esters protected at the N-terminus with carbamate or amide groups could be achieved efficiently under mild conditions with no loss of configuration at the chiral centers. Expanding on preliminary investigations, it is found that, while peptides protected with amide groups (PG = Ac-, Tfa-, Piv-) undergo exclusive hydroxylation at the side chain, their analogues bearing a carbamate group (PG = Cbz-, Moc-, Boc-, TcBoc-) give competitive and/or concurrent hydroxylation at the terminal N-H moiety. Valuable nitro derivatives are also formed as a result of oxidative deprotection of the carbamate group with excess dioxirane. A rationale is proposed to explain the dependence of the selectivity upon the nature of the protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Annese
- Dipartimento Chimica, CNR-ICCOM, Università di Bari, v. Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
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18
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Efficient stereo- and regioselective hydroxylation of alkanes catalysed by a bulky polyoxometalate. Nat Chem 2010; 2:478-83. [PMID: 20489717 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Direct functionalization of alkanes by oxidation of C-H bonds to form alcohols under mild conditions is a challenge for synthetic chemistry. Most alkanes contain a large number of C-H bonds that present difficulties for selectivity, and the oxidants employed often result in overoxidation. Here we describe a divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate that catalyses the stereo- and regioselective hydroxylation of alkanes with hydrogen peroxide as the sole oxidant. Both cyclic and acyclic alkanes were oxidized to form alcohols with greater than 96% selectivity. The bulky polyoxometalate framework of the catalyst results in an unusual selectivity that can lead to the oxidation of secondary rather than the weaker tertiary C-H bonds. The catalyst also avoids wasteful decomposition of the stoichiometric oxidant, which can result in the production of hydroxyl radicals and lead to non-selective oxidation and overoxidation of the desired products.
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19
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Baumstark AL, Vasquez PC, Cunningham M, Leggett-Robinson PM. The oxidation of secondary alcohols by dimethyldioxirane: re-examination of kinetic isotope effects. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2010.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Allen CP, Benkovics T, Turek AK, Yoon TP. Oxaziridine-mediated intramolecular amination of sp(3)-hybridized C-H bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12560-1. [PMID: 19685927 DOI: 10.1021/ja906183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new oxaziridine-mediated approach to the amination of sp(3)-hybridized C-H bonds. In the presence of a copper(II) catalyst, N-sulfonyl oxaziridines participate in efficient intramolecular cyclization reactions to afford a variety of piperidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline structures. The aminal intermediates provide a convenient functional handle for further elaboration of these structures, demonstrating the utility of this new methodology for the rapid construction of structurally complex nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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21
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Gómez L, Garcia-Bosch I, Company A, Benet-Buchholz J, Polo A, Sala X, Ribas X, Costas M. Stereospecific C-H oxidation with H2O2 catalyzed by a chemically robust site-isolated iron catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5720-3. [PMID: 19562811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
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22
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Gómez L, Garcia-Bosch I, Company A, Benet-Buchholz J, Polo A, Sala X, Ribas X, Costas M. Stereospecific CH Oxidation with H2O2Catalyzed by a Chemically Robust Site-Isolated Iron Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Vermeulen NA, Chen MS, Christina White M. The Fe(PDP)-catalyzed aliphatic C–H oxidation: a slow addition protocol. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Karlsson E, Privalov T. Oxidation of Ethers, Alcohols, and Unfunctionalized Hydrocarbons by the Methyltrioxorhenium/H2O2System: A Computational Study on Catalytic CH Bond Activation. Chemistry 2009; 15:1862-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Mycock DK, Sherlock AE, Glossop PA, Hayes CJ. Studies on DMDO-mediated benzylidene acetal oxidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Oxidation of natural targets by dioxiranes. Part 6: on the direct regio- and site-selective oxyfunctionalization of estrone and of 5α-androstane steroid derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Jones JW, Vasquez PC, Baumstark A. THE REACTION OF ALKYL BENZYL ETHERS WITH DIMETHYLDIOXIRANE: KINETICS. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2008.14.1-2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Chen MS, White MC. A predictably selective aliphatic C-H oxidation reaction for complex molecule synthesis. Science 2007; 318:783-7. [PMID: 17975062 DOI: 10.1126/science.1148597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1003] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the extraordinary potential of unactivated sp3 C-H bond oxidation in organic synthesis requires the discovery of catalysts that are both highly reactive and predictably selective. We report an iron (Fe)-based small molecule catalyst that uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxidize a broad range of substrates. Predictable selectivity is achieved solely on the basis of the electronic and steric properties of the C-H bonds, without the need for directing groups. Additionally, carboxylate directing groups may be used to furnish five-membered ring lactone products. We demonstrate that these three modes of selectivity enable the predictable oxidation of complex natural products and their derivatives at specific C-H bonds with preparatively useful yields. This type of general and predictable reactivity stands to enable aliphatic C-H oxidation as a method for streamlining complex molecule synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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29
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Bianchini G, Crucianelli M, Canevali C, Crestini C, Morazzoni F, Saladino R. Efficient and selective oxidation of methyl substituted cycloalkanes by heterogeneous methyltrioxorhenium–hydrogen peroxide systems. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Jakka K, Zhao CG. Highly enantioselective CH oxidation of vic-Diols with Shi's oxazolidinone dioxiranes. Org Lett 2006; 8:3013-5. [PMID: 16805540 PMCID: PMC2593872 DOI: 10.1021/ol060904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Through an analogical study of the transition states of CH oxidation and asymmetric epoxidation of terminal alkenes, the first dioxirane-mediated catalytic highly enantioselective CH oxidation method was realized with Shi's oxazolidinone ketone derivatives. Very good enantioselectivity (up to 92% ee) may be obtained for both asymmetrization of meso vic-diols and kinetic resolution of racemic vic-diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Jakka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle., San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698
| | - Cong-Gui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle., San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698
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31
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Preparation of 3-hydroxyoxindoles with dimethyldioxirane and their use for the synthesis of natural products. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wermeckes B, Beck F. Anodische Oxidation cycloaliphatischer Mono‐ und Diether in wäßrigen Elektrolyten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19871201012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wermeckes
- Universität‐GH‐Duisburg, FB 6–Elektrochemie, Lotharstraße 1, D‐4100 Duisburg 1
| | - Fritz Beck
- Universität‐GH‐Duisburg, FB 6–Elektrochemie, Lotharstraße 1, D‐4100 Duisburg 1
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Abstract
This article reviews the utility of dioxiranes in the oxidation of 3beta-substituted delta5-sterols. Dioxiranes are the smallest cyclic peroxides that contain a carbon atom. They can be generated in situ from Oxone (2KHSO5.KHSO4.K2SO4) and a ketone. Dioxiranes are versatile oxidizing agents. The most common reaction of dioxiranes is epoxidation, with nearly 1:1 ratios of alpha/beta isomer products in all cases. delta5-Steroids with different side chains were epoxidized by dioxiranes generated in situ from several commercially available ketones. Although ketones function as catalyst, they were used in about an equivalent amount or large excess to accelerate the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Parish
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
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Wong MK, Chung NW, He L, Wang XC, Yan Z, Tang YC, Yang D. Investigation on the regioselectivities of intramolecular oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds by dioxiranes generated in situ. J Org Chem 2003; 68:6321-8. [PMID: 12895067 DOI: 10.1021/jo0347011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We found that dioxiranes generated in situ from ketones 1-6 and Oxone underwent intramolecular oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds at delta sites of ketones to yield tetrahydropyrans. From the trans/cis ratio of oxidation products 1a and 2a as well as the retention of the configuration at the delta site of ketone 5, we proposed that the oxidation reaction proceeds through a concerted pathway under a spiro transition state. The intramolecular oxidation of ketone 6 showed the preference for a tertiary delta C-H bond over a secondary one. This intramolecular oxidation method can be extended to the oxidation of the tertiary gamma' C-H bond of ketones 9 and 10. For ketone 11 with two delta C-H bonds and one gamma' C-H bond linked respectively by a sp(3) hydrocarbon tether and a sp(2) ester tether, the oxidation took place exclusively at the delta C-H bonds. Finally, by introducing proper tethers, regioselective hydroxylation of steroid ketones 12-14 have been achieved at the C-17, C-16, C-3, and C-5 positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Kin Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Wong MK, Chung NW, He L, Yang D. Substituent effects on regioselective intramolecular oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds: stereoselective synthesis of substituted tetrahydropyrans. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:158-62. [PMID: 12515517 DOI: 10.1021/ja028357l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previously reported intramolecular delta-selective C-H bond oxidation by dioxiranes, generated in situ from activated ketones, offers a novel approach to the synthesis of tetrahydropyrans. To synthesize substituted tetrahydropyrans in a stereoselective manner, we examined the effects of alkyl, nitrogen, and oxygen substituents at the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-sites of ketones on the stereoselectivities of intramolecular C-H bond oxidation reactions. Ketones 1-4 with a methyl group at the alpha-, beta-, or gamma-site showed the diastereoselectivities that agreed with the trans/cis ratio predicted by considering steric interactions in the transition states. Furthermore, ketones 5 and 6 carrying a bulky phthalimido group at the alpha- and the beta-sites, respectively, exhibited excellent stereoselectivity, each affording only one diastereomer. However, ketones 9 and 10 bearing beta-oxygen substituents gave reversed stereoselectivity as compared to those with beta-alkyl or nitrogen substituents, possibly because of the hydrogen bonding interaction in the transition state. For ketones 12 and 13, both bearing methyl and silyloxy groups, the hydrogen bonding interaction was probably more important than the steric effect on the diastereoselectivity of intramolecular oxidation of C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Kin Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Camaioni DM, Bays JT, Shaw WJ, Linehan JC, Birnbaum JC. Radical and non-radical mechanisms for alkane oxidations by hydrogen peroxide-trifluoroacetic acid. J Org Chem 2001; 66:789-95. [PMID: 11430097 DOI: 10.1021/jo005617d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of cyclohexane by the H2O2-trifluoroacetic acid system is revisited. Consistent with a previous report (Deno, N.; Messer, L. A. Chem. Comm. 1976, 1051), cyclohexanol forms initially but then esterifies to cyclohexyl trifluoroacetate. Small amounts of trans-1,2-cyclohexadiyl bis-(trifluoroacetate) also form. Although these products form irrespective of the presence or absence of O2, dual mechanisms are shown to operate. In the absence of O2, the dominant mechanism is a radical chain reaction that is propagated by CF3. abstracting H from C6H12 and SH2 displacement of C6H11. on CF3CO2OH. The intermediacy of C6H11. and CF3. is inferred from production of CHF3 and CO2 along with cyclohexyl trifluoroacetate, or CDF3 when cyclohexane-d12 is used. In the presence of O2, fluoroform and CO2 are suppressed, the reaction rate slows, and the rate law approaches second order (first order in peracid and in C6H12). Trapping of cyclohexyl radicals by quinoxaline is inefficient except at elevated (approximately 75 degrees C) temperatures. Fluoroform and CO2, telltale evidence for the chain pathway, were not produced when quinoxaline was present in room temperature reactions. These observations suggest that a parallel, nonfree radical, oxenoid insertion mechanism dominates when O2 is present. A pathway is discussed in which a biradicaloid-zwiterionic transition state is attained by hydrogen transfer from alkane to peroxide oxygen with synchronous O-O bond scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Camaioni
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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38
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The kinetic regularities, products, and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of dimethyldioxirane. The contribution of molecular and radical reaction channels. Russ Chem Bull 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02495074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Horiguchi T, Cheng Q, Oritani T. Highly regio- and stereospecific hydroxylation of C-1 position of 2-deacetoxytaxinine J derivative with DMDO. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Adam W, Saha-Möller CR, Zhao CG. Enantioselective oxidation of vic-diols to optically active α-hydroxy ketones by a fructose-derived dioxirane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(98)00444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang D, Yip YC, Tang MW, Wong MK, Cheung KK. Novel Cyclic Ketones for Catalytic Oxidation Reactions. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981659e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yiu-Chung Yip
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Wai Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Kung-Kai Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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42
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Simakov PA, Choi SY, Newcomb M. Dimethyldioxirane hydroxylation of a hypersensitive radical probe: Supporting evidence for an oxene insertion pathway. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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44
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Yang D, Wong MK, Wang XC, Tang YC. Regioselective Intramolecular Oxidation of Unactivated C−H Bonds by Dioxiranes Generated in Situ. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja980916u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xue-Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yeung-Chiu Tang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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45
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Miaskiewicz K, Smith DA. Epoxidation by Dimethyldioxirane: Effects of Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja972800o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Miaskiewicz
- Contribution from The DASGroup, Inc., 1732 Lyter Drive, Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15905-1801
| | - Douglas A. Smith
- Contribution from The DASGroup, Inc., 1732 Lyter Drive, Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15905-1801
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46
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Murray RW, Singh M, Rath N. Divergent Pathways in the Reaction of Hexamethylbenzene with Dimethyldioxirane1,2. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo971339f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Megh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Nigam Rath
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
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Miaskiewicz K, Teich NA, Smith DA. Oxidation of Primary Amines by Dimethyldioxirane: Ab Initio Model Studies. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970524q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy A. Teich
- The DASGroup, Inc., 1732 Lyter Drive, Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15905
| | - Douglas A. Smith
- The DASGroup, Inc., 1732 Lyter Drive, Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15905
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