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Fu R, Xu Y, Qiao S, Liu Y, Lin Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wu J. Size-dependent melting of onion-like fullerenic carbons: a molecular dynamics and machine learning study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:425402. [PMID: 35931061 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The melting thermodynamic characteristics of 2- to 20-layered onion-like fullerenes (OLFn) (C60@C240to C60@···@C6000···@C24000) are comprehensively explored using first-principles-based ReaxFF atomistic simulations and random forest machine learning (RF ML). It is revealed that OLFnshows lower thermal stability than the counterparts of single-walled fullerenes (SWFn). The melting point of SWFnincreases monotonically with increasing size, whereas for OLFn, an unusual size-dependent melting point is observed; OLFnwith intermediate size shows the highest melting point. For small OLFn, the melting occurs from the inner to the outer, whereas for large OLFn, it nucleates from the inner to the outer and to intermediate fullerenes. The melting and erosion behaviors of both SWFnand OLFnare mainly characterized by the nucleation of non-hexagons, nanovoids, carbon chains and emission of C2. RF ML model is developed to predict the melting points of both SWFnand OLFn. Moreover, the analysis of the feature importance reveals that the Stone-Wales transformation is a critical pathway in the melting of SWFnand OLFn. This study provides new insights and perspectives into the thermodynamics and pyrolysis chemistry of fullerenic carbons, and also may shed some lights onto the understanding of thermally-induced erosion of carbon-based resources and spacecraft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Fu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Qiao
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No.58 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Wu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- NTNU Nanomechanical Lab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
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Cody RB, Fouquet T. Resolution-Enhanced Kendrick Mass Defect Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Fullerenes in the Diffusion Flame from a Butane Torch. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2110-2113. [PMID: 30083820 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A modified Kendrick Mass Defect (KMD) analysis was applied to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fullerenes in the diffusion flame from a handheld butane torch. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cody
- JEOL USA, Inc., 11 Dearborn Rd., Peabody, MA, 01960, USA.
| | - Thierry Fouquet
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
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Koley D, Arunan E, Ramakrishnan S. Computational investigations on covalent dimerization/oligomerization of polyacenes: is it relevant to soot formation? J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1762-72. [PMID: 22610914 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have postulated a novel pathway that could assist in the nucleation of soot particles through covalent dimerization and oligomerizations of a variety of PAHs. DFT calculations were performed with the objective of obtaining the relative thermal stabilities and formation probabilities of oligomeric species that exploit the facile dimerization that is known to occur in linear oligoacenes. We propose that the presence of small stretches of linear oligoacence (tetracene or longer) in extended PAH, either embedded or tethered, would be adequate for enabling the formation of such dimeric and oligomeric adducts; these could then serve as nuclei for the growth of soot particles. Our studies also reveal the importance of π-stacking interactions between extended aromatic frameworks in governing the relative stabilities of the oligomeric species that are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Koley
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Fortner EC, Brooks WA, Onasch TB, Canagaratna MR, Massoli P, Jayne JT, Franklin JP, Knighton WB, Wormhoudt J, Worsnop DR, Kolb CE, Herndon SC. Particulate Emissions Measured During the TCEQ Comprehensive Flare Emission Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202692y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. C. Fortner
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | - W. A. Brooks
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | - T. B. Onasch
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - P. Massoli
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | - J. T. Jayne
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | - J. P. Franklin
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | - W. B. Knighton
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montana State University,
Bozeman, Montana, United States
| | - J. Wormhoudt
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | - C. E. Kolb
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
| | - S. C. Herndon
- Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, United States
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Hollman DS, Simmonett AC, Schaefer HF. The benzene+OH potential energy surface: intermediates and transition states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2214-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Leavitt AJ, Wyrwas RB, Wallace WT, Serrano DS, Arredondo MG, Leslie LM, Khan FA, Whetten RL. Efficient Low-Temperature Oxidation of Carbon-Cluster Anions by SO2. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6218-22. [PMID: 16833961 DOI: 10.1021/jp050087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-cluster anions, CN-, are very reactive toward SO2 (sticking probability of 0.012 +/- 0.005 for C27- at 25 degrees C), in contrast to their inertness toward other common atmospheric gases and pollutants. In flow reactor experiments at ambient temperature and near atmospheric pressure, primary adsorption of SO2 by the carbon cluster anions, N = 4-60, yields CNSO2- or CN-1S-. The inferred elimination of neutral CO2 is also detected as meta-stable decay in collision-induced dissociation. At higher temperatures, the reaction of SO2 with nascent carbon clusters yields CN-1SO- as well as undetected CO. The size-dependent initial reactivity reflects the previously established structural transitions (i.e., from chain to cyclic to cage structures). Such carbon clusters are formed in sooting flames and may act as nuclei for the formation of primary soot particles and serve as models for the local structural features of active soot particle sites for black-carbon soot. The facile generation of reactive carbon-sulfide and -sulfinate units may therefore have implications for understanding the health and environmental effects attributed to the coincidence of soot and SO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Leavitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia 30118, USA.
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Bettinger HF, Yakobson BI, Scuseria GE. Scratching the surface of buckminsterfullerene: the barriers for Stone-Wales transformation through symmetric and asymmetric transition states. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5572-80. [PMID: 12720471 DOI: 10.1021/ja0288744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
General-gradient approximation (PBE) and hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional theories (B3LYP) in conjunction with basis sets of up to polarized triple-zeta quality have been applied to study the Stone-Wales transformation of buckminsterfullerene (BF) to yield a C(60) isomer of C(2)(v) symmetry with two adjacent pentagons (#1809). In agreement with earlier investigations, two different transition states and reaction pathways could be identified for the rearrangement from BF to C(60)-C(2)(v) on the C(60) potential energy surface (PES). One has C(2) molecular point group symmetry with the two migrating carbon atoms remaining close to the fullerene surface. The other one has a high-energy carbene-like (sp(3)) structure where a single carbon atom is significantly moved away from the C(60) surface. The carbene intermediate and the second transition state along the stepwise reaction path characterized previously at lower levels of theory do not exist as stationary points with the density functionals utilized here. The classical barriers of both mechanisms are essentially identical, 6.9 eV using PBE and 7.3 eV with B3LYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F Bettinger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Young D, Douglas K, Eiceman G, Lake D, Johnston M. Laser desorption–ionization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from glass surfaces with ion mobility spectrometry analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dasgupta PK, Poruthoor SK. Chapter 6 Automated measurement of atmospheric particle composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(02)80043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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