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Why Do Tethered-Bilayer Lipid Membranes Suit for Functional Membrane Protein Reincorporation? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11114876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are essential for cellular functions. Understanding the functions of MPs is crucial as they constitute an important class of drug targets. However, MPs are a challenging class of biomolecules to analyze because they cannot be studied outside their native environment. Their structure, function and activity are highly dependent on the local lipid environment, and these properties are compromised when the protein does not reside in the cell membrane. Mammalian cell membranes are complex and composed of different lipid species. Model membranes have been developed to provide an adequate environment to envisage MP reconstitution. Among them, tethered-Bilayer Lipid Membranes (tBLMs) appear as the best model because they allow the lipid bilayer to be decoupled from the support. Thus, they provide a sufficient aqueous space to envisage the proper accommodation of large extra-membranous domains of MPs, extending outside. Additionally, as the bilayer remains attached to tethers covalently fixed to the solid support, they can be investigated by a wide variety of surface-sensitive analytical techniques. This review provides an overview of the different approaches developed over the last two decades to achieve sophisticated tBLMs, with a more and more complex lipid composition and adapted for functional MP reconstitution.
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Tero R, Fukumoto K, Motegi T, Yoshida M, Niwano M, Hirano-Iwata A. Formation of Cell Membrane Component Domains in Artificial Lipid Bilayer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17905. [PMID: 29263355 PMCID: PMC5738377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid bilayer environment around membrane proteins strongly affects their structure and functions. Here, we aimed to study the fusion of proteoliposomes (PLs) derived from cultured cells with an artificial lipid bilayer membrane and the distribution of the PL components after the fusion. PLs, which were extracted as a crude membrane fraction from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, formed isolated domains in a supported lipid bilayer (SLB), comprising phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and cholesterol (Chol), after the fusion. Observation with a fluorescence microscope and an atomic force microscope showed that the membrane fusion occurred selectively at microdomains in the PC + PE + Chol-SLB, and that almost all the components of the PL were retained in the domain. PLs derived from human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) cells also formed isolated domains in the PC + PE + Chol-SLB, but their fusion kinetics was different from that of the CHO-PLs. We attempted to explain the mechanism of the PL-SLB fusion and the difference between CHO- and HEK-PLs, based on a kinetic model. The domains that contained the whole cell membrane components provided environments similar to that of natural cell membranes, and were thus effective for studying membrane proteins using artificial lipid bilayer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryugo Tero
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan. .,Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fukumoto
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Toshinori Motegi
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan.,Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Miyu Yoshida
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Michio Niwano
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.,Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Miyagi, 989-3201, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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Chadli M, Rebaud S, Maniti O, Tillier B, Cortès S, Girard-Egrot A. New Tethered Phospholipid Bilayers Integrating Functional G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Membrane Proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10385-10401. [PMID: 28877444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins exhibiting extra- and intracellular domains require an adequate near-native lipid platform for their functional reconstitution. With this aim, we developed a new technology enabling the formation of a peptide-tethered bilayer lipid membrane (pep-tBLM), a lipid bilayer grafted onto peptide spacers, by way of a metal-chelate interaction. To this end, we designed an original peptide spacer derived from the natural α-laminin thiopeptide (P19) possessing a cysteine residue in the N-terminal extremity for grafting onto gold and a C-terminal extremity modified by four histidine residues (P19-4H). In the presence of nickel, the use of this anchor allowed us to bind liposomes of variable compositions containing a 2% molar ratio of a chelating lipid, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[(N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid)succinyl] so-called DOGS-NTA, and to form the planar bilayer by triggering liposome fusion by an α-helical (AH) peptide derived from the N-terminus of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein. The formation of pep-tBLMs was characterized by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), and their continuity, fluidity, and homogeneity were demonstrated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), with a diffusion coefficient of 2.5 × 10-7 cm2/s, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). By using variable lipid compositions including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidic acid (PA), and cholesterol (Chol) in various ratios, we show that the membrane can be formed independently from the lipid composition. We made the most of this advantage to reincorporate a transmembrane protein in an adapted complex lipid composition to ensure its functional reinsertion. For this purpose, a cell-free expression system was used to produce proteoliposomes expressing the functional C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a seven-transmembrane protein belonging to the large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We succeeded in reinserting CXCR4 in pep-tBLMs formed on P19-4H by the fusion of tethered proteoliposomes. AFM and FRAP characterization allowed us to show that pep-tBLMs inserting CXCR4 remained fluid, homogeneous, and continuous. The value of the diffusion coefficient determined in the presence of reinserted CXCR4 was 2 × 10-7 cm2/s. Ligand binding assays using a synthetic CXCR4 antagonist, T22 ([Tyr5,12, Lys7]-polyphemusin II), revealed that CXCR4 can be reinserted in pep-tBLMs with functional folding and orientation. This new approach represents a method of choice for investigating membrane protein reincorporation and a promising way of creating a new generation of membrane biochips adapted for screening agonists or antagonists of transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Chadli
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Synthelis, Biopolis, 5, Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Samuel Rebaud
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ofelia Maniti
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bruno Tillier
- Synthelis, Biopolis, 5, Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sandra Cortès
- Synthelis, Biopolis, 5, Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Agnès Girard-Egrot
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Isaksson S, Watkins EB, Browning KL, Kjellerup Lind T, Cárdenas M, Hedfalk K, Höök F, Andersson M. Protein-Containing Lipid Bilayers Intercalated with Size-Matched Mesoporous Silica Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:476-485. [PMID: 28073257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are key components in a multitude of biological processes, of which the functions carried out by transmembrane (membrane-spanning) proteins are especially demanding for investigations. This is because this class of protein needs to be incorporated into a lipid bilayer representing its native environment, and in addition, many experimental conditions also require a solid support for stabilization and analytical purposes. The solid support substrate may, however, limit the protein functionality due to protein-material interactions and a lack of physical space. We have in this work tailored the pore size and pore ordering of a mesoporous silica thin film to match the native cell-membrane arrangement of the transmembrane protein human aquaporin 4 (hAQP4). Using neutron reflectivity (NR), we provide evidence of how substrate pores host the bulky water-soluble domain of hAQP4, which is shown to extend 7.2 nm into the pores of the substrate. Complementary surface analytical tools, including quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and fluorescence microscopy, revealed successful protein-containing supported lipid bilayer (pSLB) formation on mesoporous silica substrates, whereas pSLB formation was hampered on nonporous silica. Additionally, electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), light scattering (DLS and stopped-flow), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were employed to provide a comprehensive characterization of this novel hybrid organic-inorganic interface, the tailoring of which is likely to be generally applicable to improve the function and stability of a broad range of membrane proteins containing water-soluble domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Isaksson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik B Watkins
- Materials Physics and Application Division, MPA-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Tania Kjellerup Lind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biofilm-The Research Center for Biointerfaces, Health & Society, Malmo University , SE-20500 Malmo, Sweden
| | - Marité Cárdenas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biofilm-The Research Center for Biointerfaces, Health & Society, Malmo University , SE-20500 Malmo, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hedfalk
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs): interest and applications for biological membrane investigations. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:135-42. [PMID: 24998327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes play a central role in the biology of the cell. They are not only the hydrophobic barrier allowing separation between two water soluble compartments but also a supra-molecular entity that has vital structural functions. Notably, they are involved in many exchange processes between the outside and inside cellular spaces. Accounting for the complexity of cell membranes, reliable models are needed to acquire current knowledge of the molecular processes occurring in membranes. To simplify the investigation of lipid/protein interactions, the use of biomimetic membranes is an approach that allows manipulation of the lipid composition of specific domains and/or the protein composition, and the evaluation of the reciprocal effects. Since the middle of the 80's, lipid bilayer membranes have been constantly developed as models of biological membranes with the ultimate goal to reincorporate membrane proteins for their functional investigation. In this review, after a brief description of the planar lipid bilayers as biomimetic membrane models, we will focus on the construction of the tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes, the most promising model for efficient membrane protein reconstitution and investigation of molecular processes occurring in cell membranes.
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Liu W, Wang Z, Fu L, Leblanc RM, Yan ECY. Lipid compositions modulate fluidity and stability of bilayers: characterization by surface pressure and sum frequency generation spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15022-31. [PMID: 24245525 DOI: 10.1021/la4036453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are crucial to many biological processes. Because of their complexity, however, lipid bilayers are often used as model systems. Lipid structures influence the physical properties of bilayers, but their interplay, especially in multiple-component lipid bilayers, has not been fully explored. Here, we used the Langmuir-Blodgett method to make mono- and bilayers of 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (POPG), and 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (POPS) as well as their 1:1 binary mixtures. We studied the fluidity, stability, and rigidity of these structures using sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy combined with analyses of surface pressure-area isotherms, compression modulus, and stability. Our results show that single-component bilayers, both saturated and unsaturated, may not be ideal membrane mimics because of their low fluidity and/or stability. However, the binary saturated and unsaturated DPPG/POPG and DPPG/POPS systems show not only high stability and fluidity but also high resistance to changes in surface pressure, especially in the range of 25-35 mN/m, the range typical of cell membranes. Because the ratio of saturated to unsaturated lipids is highly regulated in cells, our results underline the possibility of modulating biological properties using lipid compositions. Also, our use of flat optical windows as solid substrates in SFG experiments should make the SFG method more compatible with other techniques, enabling more comprehensive future surface characterizations of bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Bhattacharya J, Kisner A, Offenhäusser A, Wolfrum B. Microfluidic anodization of aluminum films for the fabrication of nanoporous lipid bilayer support structures. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 2:104-109. [PMID: 21977420 PMCID: PMC3148057 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Solid state nanoporous membranes show great potential as support structures for biointerfaces. In this paper, we present a technique for fabricating nanoporous alumina membranes under constant-flow conditions in a microfluidic environment. This approach allows the direct integration of the fabrication process into a microfluidic setup for performing biological experiments without the need to transfer the brittle nanoporous material. We demonstrate this technique by using the same microfluidic system for membrane fabrication and subsequent liposome fusion onto the nanoporous support structure. The resulting bilayer formation is monitored by impedance spectroscopy across the nanoporous alumina membrane in real-time. Our approach offers a simple and efficient methodology to investigate the activity of transmembrane proteins or ion diffusion across membrane bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeep Bhattacharya
- Peter Grünberg Institute, PGI-8/ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich - Aachen Research Alliance (JARA - FIT), Germany
| | - Alexandre Kisner
- Peter Grünberg Institute, PGI-8/ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich - Aachen Research Alliance (JARA - FIT), Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Peter Grünberg Institute, PGI-8/ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich - Aachen Research Alliance (JARA - FIT), Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Peter Grünberg Institute, PGI-8/ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich - Aachen Research Alliance (JARA - FIT), Germany
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Nellis BA, Satcher JH, Risbud SH. Phospholipid bilayer formation on a variety of nanoporous oxide and organic xerogel films. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:380-6. [PMID: 20674809 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers supported by nanoporous xerogel materials are being explored as models for cell membranes. In order to better understand and characterize the nature of the surface-bilayer interactions, several oxide and organic nanoporous xerogel films (alumina, titania, iron oxide, phloroglucinol-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde and cellulose acetate) have been investigated as a scaffold for vesicle-fused 1,2-dioleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipid bilayer formation and mobility. The surface topography of the different substrates was analyzed using contact and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy and the surface energy of the substrates was determined using contact angle goniometry. Lipid bilayer formation has been observed with fluorescence microscopy and lateral lipid diffusion coefficients have been determined using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Titania xerogel films were found to be a robust and convenient support for formation of a two-phase DOPC/1,2-distearoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer and domains were observed with this system. It was found that the cellulose acetate xerogel film support produced the slowest lipid lateral diffusion.
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Castellana ET, Cremer PS. Solid supported lipid bilayers: From biophysical studies to sensor design. SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS 2006; 61:429-444. [PMID: 32287559 PMCID: PMC7114318 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfrep.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The lipid bilayer is one of the most eloquent and important self-assembled structures in nature. It not only provides a protective container for cells and sub-cellular compartments, but also hosts much of the machinery for cellular communication and transport across the cell membrane. Solid supported lipid bilayers provide an excellent model system for studying the surface chemistry of the cell. Moreover, they are accessible to a wide variety of surface-specific analytical techniques. This makes it possible to investigate processes such as cell signaling, ligand-receptor interactions, enzymatic reactions occurring at the cell surface, as well as pathogen attack. In this review, the following membrane systems are discussed: black lipid membranes, solid supported lipid bilayers, hybrid lipid bilayers, and polymer cushioned lipid bilayers. Examples of how supported lipid membrane technology is interfaced with array based systems by photolithographic patterning, spatial addressing, microcontact printing, and microfluidic patterning are explored. Also, the use of supported lipid bilayers in microfluidic devices for the development of lab-on-a-chip based platforms is examined. Finally, the utility of lipid bilayers in nanotechnology and future directions in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. Castellana
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Paul S. Cremer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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Worsfold O, Voelcker NH, Nishiya T. Biosensing using lipid bilayers suspended on porous silicon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:7078-83. [PMID: 16863263 DOI: 10.1021/la060121y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time the formation of a fluid lipid bilayer membrane on mesoporous silicon substrates for bioapplications. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, the diffusion coefficients for the bilayers supported on oxidized, amino-, and biotin-functionalized mesoporous silicon were determined. The biodetection of a single human umbilical vein endothelial cell was accomplished using confocal microscopy and exploiting Foerster resonance energy transfer effects after the incorporation of RGD covalently linked lipid soluble dyes, with fluorescence donor and acceptor components, within the fluid membrane. A signal response of greater than 100% was achieved via the clustering of RGD peptides binding with areas of high integrin density on the surface of a single cell. These results are a testament to the usefulness of such functional molecular assemblies, based on mobile receptors, mimicking the cell membrane in the development of a new generation of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Worsfold
- Frontier Research Division, Fujirebio Inc., 51 Komiya-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0031, Japan.
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Wattraint O, Sarazin C. Études par RMN des solides de bicouches phospholipidiques supportées dans les nanopores cylindriques d'un oxyde d'aluminium. CR CHIM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Albertorio F, Diaz AJ, Yang T, Chapa VA, Kataoka S, Castellana ET, Cremer PS. Fluid and air-stable lipopolymer membranes for biosensor applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:7476-82. [PMID: 16042482 DOI: 10.1021/la050871s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugated lipids was investigated in planar supported egg phosphatidylcholine bilayers as a function of lipopolymer density, chain length of the PEG moiety, and type of alkyl chains on the PEG lipid. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements verified that dye-labeled lipids in the membrane as well as the lipopolymer itself maintained a substantial degree of fluidity under most conditions that were investigated. PEG densities exceeding the onset of the mushroom-to-brush phase transition were found to confer air stability to the supported membrane. On the other hand, substantial damage or complete delamination of the lipid bilayer was observed at lower polymer densities. The presence of PEG in the membrane did not substantially hinder the binding of streptavidin to biotinylated lipids present in the bilayer. Furthermore, above the onset of the transition into the brush phase, the protein binding properties of these membranes were found to be very resilient upon removal of the system from water, rigorous drying, and rehydration. These results indicate that supported phospholipid bilayers containing lipopolymers show promise as rugged sensor platforms for ligand-receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Albertorio
- Department of Chemistry, 3255 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Wattraint O, Sarazin C. Diffusion measurements of water, ubiquinone and lipid bilayer inside a cylindrical nanoporous support: A stimulated echo pulsed-field gradient MAS-NMR investigation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2005; 1713:65-72. [PMID: 15975548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated echo pulsed-field gradient 1H magic angle spinning NMR has been used to investigate the mobility of water, ubiquinone and tethered phospholipids, components of a biomimetic model membrane. The diffusion constant of water corresponds to an isotropic motion in a cylinder. When the lipid bilayer is obtained after the fusion of small unilamellar vesicles, the extracted value of lipid diffusion indicates unrestricted motion. The cylindrical arrangement of the lipids permits a simplification of data analysis since the normal bilayer is perpendicular to the gradient axis. This feature leads to a linear relation between the logarithm of the attenuation of the signal intensity and a factor depending on the gradient strength, for lipids covering the inner wall of aluminium oxide nanopores as well as for lipids adsorbed on a polymer sheet rolled into a cylinder. The effect of the bilayer formation on water diffusion has also been observed. The lateral diffusion coefficient of ubiquinone is in the same order of magnitude as the lipid lateral diffusion coefficient, in agreement with its localization within the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Wattraint
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR 6022 du CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens cedex, France.
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Production of microporous aluminum oxide electrodes as supports for tethered lipid bilayers of large surface area. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Elie-Caille C, Fliniaux O, Pantigny J, Mazière JC, Bourdillon C. Self-assembly of solid-supported membranes using a triggered fusion of phospholipid-enriched proteoliposomes prepared from the inner mitochondrial membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:4661-8. [PMID: 16032886 DOI: 10.1021/la046973k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A general procedure for the formation ofsolid-supported artificial membranes containing transmembrane proteins is reported. The main objective was to directly use the pool of proteins of the native biomembrane (here the inner membrane from mitochondria of human carcinogenic hepatic cells) and to avoid purification steps with detergent. Proteoliposomes of phospholipid-enriched inner membranes from mitochondria were tethered and fused onto a tailored surface via a streptavidin link. The failure of some preliminary experiments on membrane formation was attributed to strong nonspecific interactions between the solid surface and the protuberant hydrophilic parts of the transmembrane complexes. The correct loading of uniform membranes was performed after optimization of a tailored surface, covered with a grafted short-chain poly(ethylene glycol), so that nonspecific interactions are reduced. Step-by-step assembly of the structure and triggered fusion of the immobilized proteoliposomes were monitored by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence photobleaching recovery, respectively. The long-range lateral diffusion coefficient (at 22 degrees C) for a fluorescent lipid varies from 2.5 x 10(-8) cm2 s(-1) for a tethered lipid bilayer without protein to 10(-9) cm2 s(-1) for a tethered membrane containing the transmembrane proteins of the respiratory chain at a protein area fraction of about 15%. The decrease in the diffusion coefficient in the tethered membrane with increase in protein area fraction was too pronounced to be fully explained by the theoretical models of obstructed lateral diffusion. Covalent tethering links with the solid are certainly involved in the decrease of the overall lateral mobility of the components in the supported membrane at the highest protein-to-lipid ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Elie-Caille
- CNRS UMR 6022, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, B.P. 20529, 60205 Compiègne, France
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Wattraint O, Warschawski DE, Sarazin C. Tethered or adsorbed supported lipid bilayers in nanotubes characterized by deuterium magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:3226-3228. [PMID: 15807556 DOI: 10.1021/la0469147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
2H solid-state NMR experiments were performed under magic angle spinning on lipid bilayers oriented into nanotubes arrays, as a new method to assess the geometrical arrangement of the lipids. Orientational information is obtained from the intensities of the spinning sidebands. The lipid bilayers are formed by fusion of small unilamellar vesicles of DMPC-d54 inside a nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide, either by direct adsorption on the support or by tethering through a streptavidin/biotin linker. The results support that the quality of the lipid bilayers alignment is clearly in favor of the tethering rather than an adsorbed strategy.
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Wattraint O, Arnold A, Auger M, Bourdillon C, Sarazin C. Lipid bilayer tethered inside a nanoporous support: a solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance investigation. Anal Biochem 2005; 336:253-61. [PMID: 15620890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(31)P and (1)H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments have been designed with the aim of studying directly the formation of supported bilayers tethered inside nanoporous aluminum oxide supports as a model of biomimetic membranes. The static and magic angle spinning (31)P NMR spectra of the supported bilayers have been compared with the experimental and simulated spectra of a simpler model with cylindrical geometry, namely a phospholipid bilayer adsorbed on an oriented polymer sheet. The broadening observed for the nanoporous model is most likely due to the presence of paramagnetic ions in the aluminum oxide. A phospholipid lateral diffusion coefficient of (2.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-8) cm(2)/s has been measured for the tethered bilayer on a spherical support, indicating a good fluidity as compared with adsorbed membrane models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Wattraint
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR 6022 du CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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Munro JC, Frank CW. In situ formation and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol)-supported lipid bilayers on gold surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:10567-10575. [PMID: 15544386 DOI: 10.1021/la048378o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion of a polymer cushion between a lipid bilayer membrane and a solid surface has been suggested as a means to provide a soft, deformable layer that will allow for transmembrane protein insertion and mobility. In this study, mobile, tethered lipid bilayers were formed on a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) support via a two-step adsorption process. The PEG films were prepared by coadsorbing a heterofunctional, telechelic PEG lipopolymer (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-poly(ethylene glycol)-2000-N-[3-(2-(pyridyldithio)propionate]) (DSPE-PEG-PDP) and a nonlipid functionalized PEG-PDP from an ethanol/water mixture, as described in a previous paper (Munro, J. C.; Frank, C. W. Langmuir 2004, 20, 3339-3349). Then a two-step lipid adsorption strategy was used. First, lipids were adsorbed onto the PEG support from a hexane solution. Second, vesicles were adsorbed and fused on the surface to create a bilayer in an aqueous environment. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments show that this process results in mobile bilayers with diffusion coefficients on the order of 2 microm2/s. The mobility of the bilayers is decreased slightly by increasing the density of tethered lipids. The formation of bilayers, and not multilayer structures, is also confirmed by surface plasmon resonance, which was used to determine in situ film thickness, and by fluorimetry, which was used to determine quantitatively the fluorescence intensity for each 18 by 18 mm sample. Unfortunately, fluorescence microscopy also shows that there are large defects on the samples, which limits the utility of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Munro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, USA
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Demé B, Marchal D. Polymer-cushioned lipid bilayers in porous alumina. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2004; 34:170-9. [PMID: 15536566 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-004-0440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), we show that model biological membranes can be deposited on a polymer cushion confined in highly regular porous alumina. The thicknesses of the dilute polymer cushion chemically bound to the alumina and of the supported bilayer are obtained for two polyethylene glycol cushions (PEG(5000) and PEG(20000)) and for a cushion made of chains bearing a lipid anchor at their free end (DSPE-PEG(3400)). The bilayers are studied well below and well above the chain melting temperature of the lipid mixture (DMPC/DMPE: 80/20), using a coenzyme (Ubiquinone, UQ(10)) as a redox probe for the voltammetry experiments. Analysis of the SANS form factor of the bilayers shows that the bilayer thickness can be extracted in this particular geometry. Using PEG chains grafted at a low surface density (D < 2R(g)), the thickness of the complete molecular construction is obtained by CV, which shows (after subtracting the bilayer thickness) that the polymer cushion thickness can be varied from 50 to 150 Angstroms. The values obtained with three different chain lengths, are in perfect agreement with the radius derived from the Flory theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Demé
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France.
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20
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Römer W, Steinem C. Impedance analysis and single-channel recordings on nano-black lipid membranes based on porous alumina. Biophys J 2004; 86:955-65. [PMID: 14747331 PMCID: PMC1303943 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ordered porous alumina substrates with pore diameters of 55 and 280 nm, respectively, were produced and utilized as a support to prepare membranes suspending the pores of the material. Highly ordered porous alumina was prepared by an anodization process followed by dissolution of the remaining aluminum and alumina at the backside of the pores. The dissolution process of Al(2)O(3) at the backside of the pores was monitored by electrical impedance spectroscopy ensuring the desired sieve-like structure of the porous alumina. One side of the porous material with an area of 7 mm(2) was coated with a thin gold layer followed by chemisorption of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol. The hydrophobic monolayer on top of the upper surface was a prerequisite for the formation of suspending membranes, termed nano-black lipid membranes (nano-BLMs). The formation process, and long-term and mechanical stability of the nano-BLMs were followed by electrical impedance spectroscopy indicating the formation of lipid bilayers with typical specific membrane capacitances of (0.65 +/- 0.2) micro F/cm(2) and membrane resistances of up to 1.6 x 10(8) Omega cm(2). These high membrane resistances allowed for single-channel recordings. Gramicidin as well as alamethicin was successfully inserted into the nano-BLMs exhibiting characteristic conductance states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Römer
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Chemo- und Biosensorik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Gaede HC, Luckett KM, Polozov IV, Gawrisch K. Multinuclear NMR studies of single lipid bilayers supported in cylindrical aluminum oxide nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:7711-7719. [PMID: 15323523 DOI: 10.1021/la0493114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers were deposited inside the 0.2 microm pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) filters by extrusion of multilamellar liposomes and their properties studied by 2H, 31P, and 1H solid-state NMR. Only the first bilayer adhered strongly to the inner surface of the pores. Additional layers were washed out easily by a flow of water as demonstrated by 1H magic angle spinning NMR experiments with addition of Pr3+ ions to shift accessible lipid headgroup resonances. A 13 mm diameter Anopore filter of 60 microm thickness oriented approximately 2.5 x 10(-7) mol of lipid as a single bilayer, corresponding to a total membrane area of about 500 cm2. The 2H NMR spectra of chain deuterated POPC are consistent with adsorption of wavy, tubular bilayers to the inner pore surface. By NMR diffusion experiments, we determined the average length of those lipid tubules to be approximately 0.4 microm. There is evidence for a thick water layer between lipid tubules and the pore surface. The ends of tubules are well sealed against the pore such that Pr3+ ions cannot penetrate into the water underneath the bilayers. We successfully trapped poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molecular weight of 8000 in this water layer. From the quantity of trapped PEG, we calculated an average water layer thickness of 3 nm. Lipid order parameters and motional properties are unperturbed by the solid support, in agreement with existence of a water layer. Such unperturbed, solid supported membranes are ideal for incorporation of membrane-spanning proteins with large intra- and extracellular domains. The experiments suggest the promise of such porous filters as membrane support in biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Gaede
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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Drexler J, Steinem C. Pore-Suspending Lipid Bilayers on Porous Alumina Investigated by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030762r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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