1
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Chen KY, Wang HQ, Yuan Y, Mou SB, Xiang Z. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Cylindrocyclophanes A and F and Merocyclophanes A and D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307602. [PMID: 37771066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating enzymatic reactions into natural product synthesis can significantly improve synthetic efficiency and selectivity. In contrast to the increasing applications of biocatalytic functional-group interconversions, the use of enzymatic C-C bond formation reactions in natural product synthesis is underexplored. Herein, we report a concise and efficient approach for the synthesis of [7.7]paracyclophane natural products, a family of polyketides with diverse biological activities. By using enzymatic Friedel-Crafts alkylation, cylindrocyclophanes A and F and merocyclophanes A and D were synthesized in six to eight steps in the longest linear sequence. This study demonstrates the power of combining enzymatic reactions with contemporary synthetic methodologies and provides opportunities for the structure-activity relationship studies of [7.7]paracyclophane natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Bin Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, AI for Science (AI4S) Preferred Program, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518132, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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2
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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3
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4
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Wang HQ, Mou SB, Xiao W, Zhou H, Hou XD, Wang SJ, Wang Q, Gao J, Wei Z, Liu L, Xiang Z. Structural Basis for the Friedel–Crafts Alkylation in Cylindrocyclophane Biosynthesis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Bin Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Su-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518027, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- DLX Scientific, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Zheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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5
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D’yakonov VA, Islamov II, Dzhemileva LU, Makarova EK, Dzhemilev UM. Direct Synthesis of Polyaromatic Cyclophanes Containing Bis-Methylene-Interrupted Z-Double Bonds and Study of Their Antitumor Activity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168787. [PMID: 34445489 PMCID: PMC8396040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An original synthetic route was developed for the preparation of previously unknown unsaturated polyaromatic macrolactones containing a 1Z,5Z-diene moiety in 48–71% yields and with >98% stereoselectivity. The method is based on intermolecular cyclocondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids with α,ω-alka-nZ,(n+4)Z-dienediols (1,12-dodeca-4Z,8Z-dienediol, 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienediol, 1,18-octadeca-7Z,11Z-dienediol) mediated by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). The unsaturated diols were prepared by successive homo-cyclomagnesiation of tetrahydropyran ethers of O-containing 1,2-dienes with EtMgBr in the presence of Mg metal and the Cp2TiCl2 catalyst (10 mol.%) and subsequent treatment with 0.1 equiv. of para-toluenesulfonic acid of pyran ethers formed after the acid hydrolysis of magnesacyclopentanes. The resulting cyclophanes exhibited high cytotoxic activity in vitro against Jurkat, K562, U937, and HL60 cancer lines. Additionally, the synthesized products were studied for their effect on mitochondria, ability to induce apoptosis, and influence on the cell cycle using modern flow cytometry methods.
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6
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Freudenreich JJ, Bartlett S, Robertson NS, Kidd SL, Forrest S, Sore HF, Galloway WRJD, Welch M, Spring DR. Divergent Synthesis of Novel Cylindrocyclophanes that Inhibit Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1289-1293. [PMID: 32424962 PMCID: PMC7522682 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cylindrocyclophanes are a family of macrocyclic natural products reported to exhibit antibacterial activity. Little is known about the structural basis of this activity due to the challenges associated with their synthesis or isolation. We hypothesised that structural modification of the cylindrocyclophane scaffold could streamline their synthesis without significant loss of activity. Herein, we report a divergent synthesis of the cylindrocyclophane core enabling access to symmetrical macrocycles by means of a catalytic, domino cross-metathesis-ring-closing metathesis cascade, followed by late-stage diversification. Phenotypic screening identified several novel inhibitors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The most potent inhibitor has a unique tetrabrominated [7,7]paracyclophane core with no known counterpart in nature. Together these illustrate the potential of divergent synthesis using catalysis and unbiased screening methods in modern antibacterial discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Bartlett
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Naomi S. Robertson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Sarah L. Kidd
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Suzie Forrest
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeDowning SiteCambridgeCB2 1QWUK
| | - Hannah F. Sore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Martin Welch
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeDowning SiteCambridgeCB2 1QWUK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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7
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Martins TP, Rouger C, Glasser NR, Freitas S, de Fraissinette NB, Balskus EP, Tasdemir D, Leão PN. Chemistry, bioactivity and biosynthesis of cyanobacterial alkylresorcinols. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1437-1461. [PMID: 30702733 PMCID: PMC6836626 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2019 Alkylresorcinols are amphiphilic metabolites, well-known for their diverse biological activities, produced by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A few classes of alkylresorcinol scaffolds have been reported from the photoautotrophic cyanobacteria, ranging from the relatively simple hierridins to the more intricate cylindrocyclophanes. Recently, it has emerged that cyanobacteria employ two different biosynthetic pathways to produce unique alkylresorcinol scaffolds. However, these convergent pathways intersect by sharing biosynthetic elements which lead to common structural motifs. To obtain a broader view of the biochemical diversity of these compounds in cyanobacteria, we comprehensively cover the isolation, structure, biological activity and biosynthesis of their mono- and dialkylresorcinols. Moreover, we provide an overview of the diversity and distribution of alkylresorcinol-generating biosynthetic gene clusters in this phylum and highlight opportunities for discovery of novel alkylresorcinol scaffolds. Because some of these molecules have inspired notable syntheses, different approaches used to build these molecules in the laboratory are showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P. Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Caroline Rouger
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry
, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech)
, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
,
Germany
| | - Nathaniel R. Glasser
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
, Harvard University
,
Cambridge
, MA
, USA
| | - Sara Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Nelly B. de Fraissinette
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
, Harvard University
,
Cambridge
, MA
, USA
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry
, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech)
, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
,
Germany
| | - Pedro N. Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
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8
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Choi H, Jang H, Kim H, Lee K. Synthesis of γ-Lactones via the Kowalski Homologation Reaction: Protecting-Group-Free Divergent Total Syntheses of Eupomatilones-2,5,6, and 3- epi-Eupomatilone-6. Org Lett 2019; 21:7857-7862. [PMID: 31556618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of functionalized chiral γ-butyrolactone scaffolds has been described. The basis of the approach is the Kowalski ester homologation that is modified for our proposed transformation. The newly developed methodology combines a divergent synthetic strategy to permit a straightforward protecting-group-free asymmetric total syntheses of eupomatilones-2,5,6, and 3-epi-eupomatilone-6 in five or six steps from commercial starting materials, making it one of the shortest syntheses reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Choi
- Department of Chemistry , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon 14662 , Korea
| | - Hanho Jang
- Department of Chemistry , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon 14662 , Korea
| | - Hyoungsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Kiyoun Lee
- Department of Chemistry , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon 14662 , Korea
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9
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10
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Venkatesan N, Rajakumar P. Application of McMurry Coupling for the Synthesis of Indolophanetriene and Carbazolophanetriene - A New Class of Caged Cyclophanes. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagarathinam Venkatesan
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025
- Department of Chemistry; Adhi College of Engineering and Technology, Sankarapuram; Kanchipuram 631 605
| | - Perumal Rajakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025
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11
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Berthold D, Breit B. Total Synthesis of (-)-Cylindrocyclophane F: A Yardstick for Probing New Catalytic C-C Bond-Forming Methodologies. Chemistry 2018; 24:16770-16773. [PMID: 30204273 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A short and efficient total synthesis of the C2 -symmetric (-)-cylindrocyclophane F is presented, using a cross olefin metathesis dimerization strategy for construction of the [7,7]-paracyclophane macrocycle. The synthesis of the dimerization building block includes a Pd-catalyzed sp3 -sp2 Negishi cross coupling of a sterically hindered Zn-reagent with an aromatic triflate, an enantiospecific Zn-catalyzed sp3 -sp3 cross coupling of an α-hydroxy ester triflate with a Grignard reagent and the application of an enantioselective Rh-catalyzed C-allylation of an electron rich arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Berthold
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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12
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Rong MG, Qin TZ, Liu XR, Wang HF, Zi W. De Novo Synthesis of Phenols and Naphthols through Oxidative Cycloaromatization of Dienynes. Org Lett 2018; 20:6289-6293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guang Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tian-Zhu Qin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hong-Fa Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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13
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Yu M, Lou S, Gonzalez-Bobes F. Ring-Closing Metathesis in Pharmaceutical Development: Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Sha Lou
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Bobes
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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15
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Burnley J, Wang ZJ, Jackson WR, Robinson AJ. Cross-Metathesis Approach to the Tricyclic Marine Alkaloids (−)-Fasicularin and (−)-Lepadiformine A. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8497-8505. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Burnley
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhen J. Wang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - W. Roy Jackson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrea J. Robinson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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16
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17
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Wang J, Evano G. Total Synthesis of (−)-Melanthioidine by Copper-Mediated Cyclodimerization. Org Lett 2016; 18:3542-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique,
Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique,
Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Preisitsch M, Heiden SE, Beerbaum M, Niedermeyer THJ, Schneefeld M, Herrmann J, Kumpfmüller J, Thürmer A, Neidhardt I, Wiesner C, Daniel R, Müller R, Bange FC, Schmieder P, Schweder T, Mundt S. Effects of Halide Ions on the Carbamidocyclophane Biosynthesis in Nostoc sp. CAVN2. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:21. [PMID: 26805858 PMCID: PMC4728517 DOI: 10.3390/md14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the influence of halide ions on [7.7]paracyclophane biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CAVN2 was investigated. In contrast to KI and KF, supplementation of the culture medium with KCl or KBr resulted not only in an increase of growth but also in an up-regulation of carbamidocyclophane production. LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of chlorinated, brominated, but also non-halogenated derivatives. In addition to 22 known cylindrocyclophanes and carbamidocyclophanes, 27 putative congeners have been detected. Nine compounds, carbamidocyclophanes M-U, were isolated, and their structural elucidation by 1D and 2D NMR experiments in combination with HRMS and ECD analysis revealed that they are brominated analogues of chlorinated carbamidocyclophanes. Quantification of the carbamidocyclophanes showed that chloride is the preferably utilized halide, but incorporation is reduced in the presence of bromide. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of 30 [7.7]paracyclophanes and related derivatives against selected pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria exhibited remarkable effects especially against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For deeper insights into the mechanisms of biosynthesis, the carbamidocyclophane biosynthetic gene cluster in Nostoc sp. CAVN2 was studied. The gene putatively coding for the carbamoyltransferase has been identified. Based on bioinformatic analyses, a possible biosynthetic assembly is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Preisitsch
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Stefan E Heiden
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Monika Beerbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Marie Schneefeld
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Inga Neidhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | | | - Rolf Daniel
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Rolf Müller
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Franz-Christoph Bange
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sabine Mundt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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19
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Bai Y, Yin J, Liu Z, Zhu G. Construction of 1-Naphthols via Benzannulation Based on the Reaction of Aryl tert-Butyl Ynol Ethers with Ynamides or Ynol Ethers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10226-33. [PMID: 26389568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new version of benzannulation featuring the use of aromatic tert-butyl ynol ethers as the convenient precursors for arylketenes has been developed. Both ynamides and ynol ethers undergo this reaction smoothly, giving 3-amino and 3-alkoxy 1-naphthols in good to excellent yields under the heated reaction conditions. The high efficiency, excellent regioselectivity, good functional group compatibility, and broad substrate scope render this reaction particularly valuable for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
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20
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Willumstad TP, Boudreau PD, Danheiser RL. Synthesis of Highly Substituted Quinolines via a Tandem Ynamide Benzannulation/Iodocyclization Strategy. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11794-805. [PMID: 26259034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A two-stage "tandem strategy" for the regiocontrolled synthesis of very highly substituted quinolines is described. Benzannulation based on the reaction of cyclobutenones or diazo ketones with N-propargyl-substituted ynamides proceeds via a cascade of several pericyclic reactions to generate multiply substituted aniline derivatives. In the second stage of the tandem strategy, triflate derivatives of the phenolic benzannulation products undergo Larock cyclization upon exposure to iodine to form products that are further elaborated by methods such as palladium-catalyzed coupling to generate quinolines that can be substituted at every position of the bicyclic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Willumstad
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul D Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rick L Danheiser
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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21
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Kotha S, Shirbhate ME, Waghule GT. Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1274-1331. [PMID: 26425186 PMCID: PMC4578384 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we cover various approaches to meta- and paracyclophanes involving popular reactions. Generally, we have included a strategy where the reaction was used for assembling the cyclophane skeleton for further functionalization. In several instances, after the cyclophane is made several popular reactions are used and these are not covered here. We included various natural products related to cyclophanes. To keep the length of the review at a manageable level the literature related to orthocyclophanes was not included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Mukesh Eknath Shirbhate
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Gopalkrushna T Waghule
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
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22
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Abstract
Siloxy alkynes are a family of versatile species in organic synthesis. This account reviews the annulation reactions of siloxy alkynes for the synthesis of a variety of carbo- and heterocyclic products. With various dipolarophiles or dipolarophile-like reaction partners, siloxy alkynes are capable of forming small (three- to six-membered) rings. Recently, we have expanded the scope to the synthesis of medium- and large-ring lactones, enabled by the design of new amphoteric molecules as well as a new ring-expansion strategy. These annulation reactions provide not only practically useful syntheses of cyclic molecules, but also important understanding of the fundamental reactivity of siloxy alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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23
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Wlochal J, Davies RDM, Burton J. Cubanes in Medicinal Chemistry: Synthesis of Functionalized Building Blocks. Org Lett 2014; 16:4094-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wlochal
- Oncology, Innovative
Medicines, AstraZeneca,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10
4TG, U.K
| | - Robert D. M. Davies
- Oncology, Innovative
Medicines, AstraZeneca,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10
4TG, U.K
| | - Jonathan Burton
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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24
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Hoveyda AH. Evolution of catalytic stereoselective olefin metathesis: from ancillary transformation to purveyor of stereochemical identity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4763-92. [PMID: 24720633 PMCID: PMC4049245 DOI: 10.1021/jo500467z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have been numerous significant advances in catalytic olefin metathesis (OM) during the past two decades. Such progress has transformed this important set of reactions to strategically pivotal processes that generate stereochemical identity while delivering molecules that cannot be easily prepared by alternative routes. In this Perspective, an analysis of the origin of the inception of bidentate benzylidene ligands for Ru-based OM catalysts is first presented. This is followed by an overview of the intellectual basis that culminated in the development of Mo-based diolates and stereogenic-at-Ru complexes for enantioselective OM. The principles accrued from the study of the latter Ru carbenes and Mo alkylidenes and utilized in the design of stereogenic-at-Mo, -W, and -Ru species applicable to enantioselective and Z-selective OM are then discussed. The influence of the recently introduced catalytic OM protocols on the design of synthesis routes leading to complex organic molecules is probed. The impact of a better understanding of the mechanistic nuances of OM toward the discovery of stereoselective catalysts is reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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25
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Thomson JE. Direct asymmetric syntheses of chiral aldehydes and ketones via N-acyl chiral auxiliary derivatives including chiral Weinreb amide equivalents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:8586-98. [PMID: 23959006 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article covers N-acyl chiral auxiliary-based approaches to the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure aldehydes and ketones. The use of diastereoisomerically pure N-acyl derivatives of chiral auxiliaries (including chiral Weinreb amide equivalents) and their conversion to the corresponding enantiopure aldehydes and ketones in a single synthetic operation by treatment with a hydride reducing agent or an organometallic reagent, respectively, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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26
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Hartwig J, Metternich JB, Nikbin N, Kirschning A, Ley SV. Continuous flow chemistry: a discovery tool for new chemical reactivity patterns. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3611-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00662c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new reactivity pattern and extended reaction scope has been obtained by transferring a reaction from batch mode to flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hartwig
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan B. Metternich
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- , UK
| | - Nikzad Nikbin
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- , UK
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- , UK
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27
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Rajakumar P, Venkatesan N, Mohanraj G. Synthesis, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of novel ethylenoindolophanes – a new class of cyclophanes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Yan TH, Chang SH, Chang CT, Lin CK, Liu CY. Bromoform Activation. TiCl4–Mg-Promoted CHBr2– and CBr3– Transfer to a Variety of Aldehydes and Ketones. Org Lett 2013; 15:5802-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Hsin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Su-Haur Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ta Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Kuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
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29
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Muthusamy S, Azhagan D. Titanium Isopropoxide Promoted Tandem Self-Cross and Ring-Closing Metathesis Approach for the Synthesis of Macrotetralides. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Willumstad TP, Haze O, Mak XY, Lam TY, Wang YP, Danheiser RL. Batch and flow photochemical benzannulations based on the reaction of ynamides and diazo ketones. Application to the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11450-69. [PMID: 24116731 DOI: 10.1021/jo402010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Highly substituted polycyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds are produced via a two-stage tandem benzannulation/cyclization strategy. The initial benzannulation step proceeds via a pericyclic cascade mechanism triggered by thermal or photochemical Wolff rearrangement of a diazo ketone. The photochemical process can be performed using a continuous flow reactor which facilitates carrying out reactions on a large scale and minimizes the time required for photolysis. Carbomethoxy ynamides as well as more ketenophilic bis-silyl ynamines and N-sulfonyl and N-phosphoryl ynamides serve as the reaction partner in the benzannulation step. In the second stage of the strategy, RCM generates benzofused nitrogen heterocycles, and various heterocyclization processes furnish highly substituted and polycyclic indoles of types that were not available by using the previous cyclobutenone-based version of the tandem strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Willumstad
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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31
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Lam TY, Wang YP, Danheiser RL. Benzannulation via the reaction of ynamides and vinylketenes. application to the synthesis of highly substituted indoles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9396-414. [PMID: 23952525 PMCID: PMC3832264 DOI: 10.1021/jo401635c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage "tandem strategy" for the synthesis of indoles with a high level of substitution on the six-membered ring is described. Benzannulation based on the reaction of cyclobutenones with ynamides proceeds via a cascade of four pericyclic reactions to produce multiply substituted aniline derivatives in which the position ortho to the nitrogen can bear a wide range of functionalized substituents. In the second stage of the tandem strategy, highly substituted indoles are generated via acid-, base-, and palladium-catalyzed cyclization and annulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Yiu Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yu-Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Rick L. Danheiser
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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32
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Nakamura H, Balskus EP. Using Chemical Knowledge to Uncover New Biological Function: Discovery of the Cylindrocyclophane Biosynthetic Pathway. Synlett 2013; 24:1464-1470. [PMID: 31723311 PMCID: PMC6853628 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1338879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of organic chemistry can play a central role in uncovering enzymes with new biochemical functions. We have recently identified the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the cylindrocyclophanes, a structurally unique family of natural products, and found that this pathway employs a remarkable macrocyclization event that requires functionalization of an unactivated carbon atom. This work illustrates the potential of using chemically guided approaches for enzyme discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Emily P Balskus
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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33
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Ibrahim-Ouali M, Romero E. Synthesis of various secosteroidal macrocycles by ring-closing metathesis. Steroids 2013; 78:651-61. [PMID: 23583599 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We set out to describe an efficient and versatile method for preparing secosteroidal macrocycles from cholic acid, via an oxidative ring-expansion/ring-opening sequence and a ring-closing metathesis reaction as the key steps. The characteristic ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ibrahim-Ouali
- CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille UMR 7313, Aix Marseille Université, 13397 Marseille, France.
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34
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Wang C, Yu M, Kyle AF, Jakubec P, Dixon DJ, Schrock RR, Hoveyda AH. Efficient and selective formation of macrocyclic disubstituted Z alkenes by ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions catalyzed by Mo- or W-based monoaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) complexes: applications to total syntheses of epilachnene, yuzu lactone, ambrettolide, epothilone C, and nakadomarin A. Chemistry 2013; 19:2726-40. [PMID: 23345004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first broadly applicable set of protocols for efficient Z-selective formation of macrocyclic disubstituted alkenes through catalytic ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is described. Cyclizations are performed with 1.2-7.5 mol% of a Mo- or W-based monoaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) complex at 22 °C and proceed to complete conversion typically within two hours. Utility is demonstrated by synthesis of representative macrocyclic alkenes, such as natural products yuzu lactone (13-membered ring: 73% Z) epilachnene (15-membered ring: 91% Z), ambrettolide (17-membered ring: 91% Z), an advanced precursor to epothilones C and A (16-membered ring: up to 97% Z), and nakadomarin A (15-membered ring: up to 97% Z). We show that catalytic Z-selective cyclizations can be performed efficiently on gram-scale with complex molecule starting materials and catalysts that can be handled in air. We elucidate several critical principles of the catalytic protocol: 1) The complementary nature of the Mo catalysts, which deliver high activity but can be more prone towards engendering post-RCM stereoisomerization, versus W variants, which furnish lower activity but are less inclined to cause loss of kinetic Z selectivity. 2) Reaction time is critical to retaining kinetic Z selectivity not only with MAP species but with the widely used Mo bis(hexafluoro-tert-butoxide) complex as well. 3) Polycyclic structures can be accessed without significant isomerization at the existing Z alkenes within the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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35
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Ghirga F, D'Acquarica I, Monache GD, Toscano S, Mannina L, Sobolev AP, Ugozzoli F, Crocco D, Antiochia R, Botta B. Undecenyl resorc[4]arene in the chair conformation as preorganized synthon for olefin metathesis. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Tébéka IRM, Longato GB, Craveiro MV, de Carvalho JE, Ruiz ALTG, Silva LF. Total Synthesis of (+)-trans-Trikentrin A. Chemistry 2012; 18:16890-901. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Ibrahim-Ouali M, Bouleghlem H, Aouf NE. Ring-closing metathesis towards functionalised pentacyclic steroids. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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39
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Lejkowski M, Banerjee P, Schüller S, Münch A, Runsink J, Vermeeren C, Gais HJ. Asymmetric Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Medium-Ring Carbocycles and Lactones through Modular Assembly and Ring-Closing Metathesis of Sulfoximine-Substituted Trienes and Dienynes. Chemistry 2012; 18:3529-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Gulder T, Baran PS. Strained cyclophane natural products: Macrocyclization at its limits. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:899-934. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Prunet
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK, Fax: +44‐141‐330‐4888
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42
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Mak XY, Crombie AL, Danheiser RL. Synthesis of polycyclic benzofused nitrogen heterocycles via a tandem ynamide benzannulation/ring-closing metathesis strategy. Application in a formal total synthesis of (+)-FR900482. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1852-73. [PMID: 21322545 DOI: 10.1021/jo2000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A two-stage "tandem strategy" for the synthesis of benzofused nitrogen heterocycles is described that is particularly useful for the construction of systems with a high level of substitution on the benzenoid ring. The first stage in the strategy involves a benzannulation based on the reaction of cyclobutenones with ynamides. This cascade process proceeds via a sequence of four pericyclic reactions and furnishes a multiply substituted aniline derivative which can bear a variety of functionalized substituents at the position ortho to the nitrogen. In the second stage of the tandem strategy, ring-closing metathesis generates the nitrogen heterocyclic ring. This two-step sequence provides efficient access to highly substituted dihydroquinolines, benzazepines, benzazocines, and related benzofused nitrogen heterocyclic systems. The application of this chemistry in a concise formal total synthesis of the anticancer agents (+)-FR900482 and (+)-FR66979 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yin Mak
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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43
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Ocejo M, Carrillo L, Vicario JL, Badía D, Reyes E. Role of pseudoephedrine as chiral auxiliary in the "acetate-type" aldol reaction with chiral aldehydes; asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized chiral building blocks. J Org Chem 2011; 76:460-70. [PMID: 21188970 DOI: 10.1021/jo101878j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We have studied in depth the aldol reaction between acetamide enolates and chiral α-heterosubstituted aldehydes using pseudoephedrine as chiral auxiliary under double stereodifferentiation conditions, showing that high diastereoselectivities can only be achieved under the matched combination of reagents and provided that the α-heteroatom-containing substituent of the chiral aldehyde is conveniently protected. Moreover, the obtained highly functionalized aldols have been employed as very useful starting materials for the stereocontrolled preparation of other interesting compounds and chiral building blocks such as pyrrolidines, indolizidines, and densely functionalized β-hydroxy and β-amino ketones using simple and high-yielding methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ocejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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44
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Nicolaou KC, Sun YP, Korman H, Sarlah D. Asymmetric total synthesis of cylindrocyclophanes A and F through cyclodimerization and a Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5875-8. [PMID: 20623817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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45
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Hung KY, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Synthesis of Methyl N-Boc-(2S,4R)-4-methylpipecolate. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8728-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102038q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-yuan Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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46
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Huang M, Song L, Liu B. Construction of the cyclophane core of the hirsutellones via a RCM strategy. Org Lett 2010; 12:2504-7. [PMID: 20446677 DOI: 10.1021/ol100692x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Construction of the highly strained [10]-paracyclophane core of the hirsutellones has been completed via an effective RCM strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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47
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Nicolaou K, Sun YP, Korman H, Sarlah D. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cylindrocyclophanes A and F through Cyclodimerization and a Ramberg-Bäcklund Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Montenegro H, Ramírez-López P, de la Torre M, Asenjo M, Sierra M. Two Versatile and Parallel Approaches to Highly Symmetrical Open and Closed Natural Product-Based Structures. Chemistry 2010; 16:3798-814. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hoveyda AH, Malcolmson SJ, Meek SJ, Zhugralin AR. Catalytic enantioselective olefin metathesis in natural product synthesis. Chiral metal-based complexes that deliver high enantioselectivity and more. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:34-44. [PMID: 19967680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chiral olefin metathesis catalysts enable chemists to access enantiomerically enriched small molecules with high efficiency; synthesis schemes involving such complexes can be substantially more concise than those that would involve enantiomerically pure substrates and achiral Mo alkylidenes or Ru-based carbenes. The scope of research towards design and development of chiral catalysts is not limited to discovery of complexes that are merely the chiral versions of the related achiral variants. A chiral olefin metathesis catalyst, in addition to furnishing products of high enantiomeric purity, can offer levels of efficiency, product selectivity and/or olefin stereoselectivity that are unavailable through the achiral variants. Such positive attributes of chiral catalysts (whether utilized in racemic or enantiomerically enriched form) should be considered as general, applicable to other classes of transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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Gesinski MR, Tadpetch K, Rychnovsky SD. Symmetric macrocycles by a Prins dimerization and macrocyclization strategy. Org Lett 2010; 11:5342-5. [PMID: 19873984 DOI: 10.1021/ol9022062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A tandem dimerization/macrocyclization reaction utilizing the Prins cyclization has been developed. This reaction develops molecular complexity through the formation of highly substituted dimeric tetrahydropyran macrocycles. Mild conditions utilizing rhenium(VII) catalysts were explored for aromatic substrates, while harsher Lewis acidic conditions were used for aliphatic substrates. Both aldehydes and acetals are shown to be viable substrates for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Gesinski
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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