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Schwark M, Martínez Yerena JA, Röhrborn K, Hrouzek P, Divoká P, Štenclová L, Delawská K, Enke H, Vorreiter C, Wiley F, Sippl W, Sobotka R, Saha S, Wilde SB, Mareš J, Niedermeyer THJ. More than just an eagle killer: The freshwater cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola produces highly toxic dolastatin derivatives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219230120. [PMID: 37751550 PMCID: PMC10556625 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219230120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are infamous producers of toxins. While the toxic potential of planktonic cyanobacterial blooms is well documented, the ecosystem level effects of toxigenic benthic and epiphytic cyanobacteria are an understudied threat. The freshwater epiphytic cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola has recently been shown to produce the "eagle killer" neurotoxin aetokthonotoxin (AETX) causing the fatal neurological disease vacuolar myelinopathy. The disease affects a wide array of wildlife in the southeastern United States, most notably waterfowl and birds of prey, including the bald eagle. In an assay for cytotoxicity, we found the crude extract of the cyanobacterium to be much more potent than pure AETX, prompting further investigation. Here, we describe the isolation and structure elucidation of the aetokthonostatins (AESTs), linear peptides belonging to the dolastatin compound family, featuring a unique modification of the C-terminal phenylalanine-derived moiety. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and molecular modeling, we confirmed that AEST potently impacts microtubule dynamics and can bind to tubulin in a similar matter as dolastatin 10. We also show that AEST inhibits reproduction of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the AEST biosynthetic gene cluster encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase accompanied by a unique tailoring machinery. The biosynthetic activity of a specific N-terminal methyltransferase was confirmed by in vitro biochemical studies, establishing a mechanistic link between the gene cluster and its product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schwark
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
| | - José A. Martínez Yerena
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice37005, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice37005, Czech Republic
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň37901, Czech Republic
| | - Kristin Röhrborn
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň37901, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Divoká
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň37901, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Štenclová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice37005, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Delawská
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice37005, Czech Republic
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň37901, Czech Republic
| | - Heike Enke
- Simris Biologics GmbH, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Christopher Vorreiter
- Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Faith Wiley
- Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service, Charleston, SC29412
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice37005, Czech Republic
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň37901, Czech Republic
| | - Subhasish Saha
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň37901, Czech Republic
| | - Susan B. Wilde
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Georgia, Athens, GA30602
| | - Jan Mareš
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice37005, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice37005, Czech Republic
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň37901, Czech Republic
| | - Timo H. J. Niedermeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin14195, Germany
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Štenclová L, Wilde SB, Schwark M, Cullen JL, McWhorter SA, Niedermeyer THJ, Henderson WM, Mareš J. Occurrence of aetokthonotoxin producer in natural samples - A PCR protocol for easy detection. Harmful Algae 2023; 125:102425. [PMID: 37220978 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are well known producers of bioactive metabolites, including harmful substances. The recently discovered "eagle killer" neurotoxin aetokthonotoxin (AETX) is produced by the epiphytic cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola growing on invasive water thyme (Hydrilla verticillata). The biosynthetic gene cluster of AETX was previously identified from an Aetokthonos strain isolated from the J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, Georgia, USA. Here, a PCR protocol for easy detection of AETX-producers in environmental samples of plant-cyanobacterium consortia was designed and tested. Three different loci of the AETX gene cluster were amplified to confirm the genetic potential for AETX production, along with two variable types of rRNA ITS regions to confirm the homogeneity of the producer´s taxonomic identity. In samples of Hydrilla from three Aetokthonos-positive reservoirs and one Aetokthonos-negative lake, the PCR of all four loci provided results congruent with the Aetokthonos presence/absence detected by light and fluorescence microscopy. The production of AETX in the Aetokthonos-positive samples was confirmed using LC-MS. Intriguingly, in J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, recently Hydrilla free, an Aetokthonos-like cyanobacterium was found growing on American water-willow (Justicia americana). Those specimens were positive for all three aet markers but contained only minute amounts of AETX. The obtained genetic information (ITS rRNA sequence) and morphology of the novel Aetokthonos distinguished it from all the Hydrilla-hosted A. hydrillicola, likely at the species level. Our results suggest that the toxigenic Aetokthonos spp. can colonize a broader array of aquatic plants, however the level of accumulation of the toxin may be driven by host-specific interactions such as the locally hyper-accumulated bromide in Hydrilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Štenclová
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, 370 05 Czechia; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, 370 05 Czechia
| | - Susan B Wilde
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602 USA
| | - Markus Schwark
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120 Germany
| | - Jeffrey L Cullen
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602 USA
| | - Seth A McWhorter
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602 USA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA, 30605 USA
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120 Germany
| | - W Matthew Henderson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA, 30605 USA
| | - Jan Mareš
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, 370 05 Czechia; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, 370 05 Czechia; Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Třeboň, 379 01 Czechia.
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Mfotie Njoya E, Moundipa Fewou P, Niedermeyer THJ. Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss. (Euphorbiaceae): An overview of its botanical diversity, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and perspectives towards developing its plant-based products. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 277:114244. [PMID: 34052354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Codiaeum variegatum also called miracle shrub, is a plant species constituted of more than 300 cultivars which are mostly used as indoor plants for decoration. However, some of these varieties are used by indigenous populations for the treatment of diarrhoea, stomach ache, external wounds, intestinal worms and ulcers. AIM OF THE STUDY This study describes an overview of the botanical diversity, medicinal uses, phytochemical composition of C. variegatum. Then it critically discusses its pharmacological activities versus toxic potential and new perspectives are suggested for the development of its plant-based products. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliographic assessment of publications on C. variegatum indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, and Web of Science online databases was conducted from 1970 to 2020, and 89 relevant articles related to the botanical diversity (17), traditional uses (22), phytochemical analysis (11), pharmacological activity (31) and toxicity profile (18) of C. variegatum were selected for this review. RESULTS Most commonly, it was found that aqueous leaf extracts or decoctions of C. variegatum are used in traditional medicine to treat amoebic dysentery and stomach ache while a bath with root decoction or sap is applied in small quantities on skin related infections. A total of 14 identified and 24 non-identified varieties of C. variegatum were reported for pharmacological activity, and prominent research topics include the anti-amoebic, antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Alkaloids (3), terpenoids (5) and phenolics (15) were the major compounds identified, and a new antiviral cyanoglucoside was isolated from the sap of C. variegatum. Toxic substances (5-deoxyingenol and phorbol esters) were found in some varieties used as ornamental plants, but the Mollucanum variety used in traditional medicine was found to be safe. CONCLUSION The present review revealed that the native variety of C. variegatum (cv. Mollucanum) can be used to treat amoebic dysentery. Alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds have been characterized in this plant species while other classes of phytochemicals are not yet investigated. The development of new cultivars recommends an in-depth toxicological study before any use. No clinical trial has been reported to date, and further studies are needed to evaluate other claimed medicinal uses. Due to its efficacy and safety, the Mollucanum variety is most likely suitable for the development of a medicine against amoebiasis, which will surely lay the foundation for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Paul Moundipa Fewou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Ricardo MG, Schwark M, Llanes D, Niedermeyer THJ, Westermann B. Total Synthesis of Aetokthonotoxin, the Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin Causing Vacuolar Myelinopathy. Chemistry 2021; 27:12032-12035. [PMID: 34081364 PMCID: PMC8453946 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aetokthonotoxin has recently been identified as the cyanobacterial neurotoxin causing Vacuolar Myelinopathy, a fatal neurologic disease, spreading through a trophic cascade and affecting birds of prey such as the bald eagle in the USA. Here, we describe the total synthesis of this specialized metabolite. The complex, highly brominated 1,2’‐biindole could be synthesized via a Somei‐type Michael reaction as key step. The optimised sequence yielded the natural product in five steps with an overall yield of 29 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G Ricardo
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.,present address: Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Schwark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Dayma Llanes
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Breinlinger S, Phillips TJ, Haram BN, Mareš J, Martínez Yerena JA, Hrouzek P, Sobotka R, Henderson WM, Schmieder P, Williams SM, Lauderdale JD, Wilde HD, Gerrin W, Kust A, Washington JW, Wagner C, Geier B, Liebeke M, Enke H, Niedermeyer THJ, Wilde SB. Hunting the eagle killer: A cyanobacterial neurotoxin causes vacuolar myelinopathy. Science 2021; 371:371/6536/eaax9050. [PMID: 33766860 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar myelinopathy is a fatal neurological disease that was initially discovered during a mysterious mass mortality of bald eagles in Arkansas in the United States. The cause of this wildlife disease has eluded scientists for decades while its occurrence has continued to spread throughout freshwater reservoirs in the southeastern United States. Recent studies have demonstrated that vacuolar myelinopathy is induced by consumption of the epiphytic cyanobacterial species Aetokthonos hydrillicola growing on aquatic vegetation, primarily the invasive Hydrilla verticillata Here, we describe the identification, biosynthetic gene cluster, and biological activity of aetokthonotoxin, a pentabrominated biindole alkaloid that is produced by the cyanobacterium A. hydrillicola We identify this cyanobacterial neurotoxin as the causal agent of vacuolar myelinopathy and discuss environmental factors-especially bromide availability-that promote toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Breinlinger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tabitha J Phillips
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brigette N Haram
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jan Mareš
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - José A Martínez Yerena
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - W Matthew Henderson
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan M Williams
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - H Dayton Wilde
- Horticulture Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wesley Gerrin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andreja Kust
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - John W Washington
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christoph Wagner
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Benedikt Geier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPIMM), Bremen, Germany
| | - Manuel Liebeke
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPIMM), Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Susan B Wilde
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Wex KW, Saur JS, Handel F, Ortlieb N, Mokeev V, Kulik A, Niedermeyer THJ, Mast Y, Grond S, Berscheid A, Brötz-Oesterhelt H. Bioreporters for direct mode of action-informed screening of antibiotic producer strains. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1242-1252.e4. [PMID: 33761329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A big challenge in natural product research of today is rapid dereplication of already known substances, to free capacities for the exploration of new agents. Prompt information on bioactivities and mode of action (MOA) speeds up the lead discovery process and is required for rational compound optimization. Here, we present a bioreporter approach as a versatile strategy for combined bioactivity- and MOA-informed primary screening for antimicrobials. The approach is suitable for directly probing producer strains grown on agar, without need for initial compound enrichment or purification, and works along the entire purification pipeline with culture supernatants, extracts, fractions, and pure substances. The technology allows for MOA-informed purification to selectively prioritize activities of interest. In combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry, the biosensor panel is an efficient and sensitive tool for compound deconvolution. Concomitant information on the affected metabolic pathway enables the selection of appropriate follow-up assays to elucidate the molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina W Wex
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Julian S Saur
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Franziska Handel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Nico Ortlieb
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Vladislav Mokeev
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt 06120, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Yvonne Mast
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Department Bioresources for Bioeconomy and Health Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen 38124, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grond
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Anne Berscheid
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany.
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Kirchner N, Cano-Prieto C, Schulz-Fincke AC, Gütschow M, Ortlieb N, Moschny J, Niedermeyer THJ, Horak J, Lämmerhofer M, van der Voort M, Raaijmakers JM, Gross H. Discovery of Thanafactin A, a Linear, Proline-Containing Octalipopeptide from Pseudomonas sp. SH-C52, Motivated by Genome Mining. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:101-109. [PMID: 33382250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome mining of the bacterial strains Pseudomonas sp. SH-C52 and Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 11579 showed that both strains contained a highly similar gene cluster encoding an octamodular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) system which was not associated with a known secondary metabolite. Insertional mutagenesis of an NRPS component followed by comparative profiling led to the discovery of the corresponding novel linear octalipopeptide thanafactin A, which was subsequently isolated and its structure determined by two-dimensional NMR and further spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. In bioassays, thanafactin A exhibited weak protease inhibitory activity and was found to modulate swarming motility in a strain-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kirchner
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolina Cano-Prieto
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Ortlieb
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Moschny
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeannie Horak
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Bioanalysis, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, University of Munich Medical Center, Campus Innenstadt, 80337 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Bioanalysis, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Menno van der Voort
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Chilczuk T, Schäberle TF, Vahdati S, Mettal U, El Omari M, Enke H, Wiese M, König GM, Niedermeyer THJ. Halogenation-Guided Chemical Screening Provides Insight into Tjipanazole Biosynthesis by the Cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2170-2177. [PMID: 32182403 PMCID: PMC7497240 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) show a wide range of interesting biological activities. Chemistry-guided screening with a software tool dedicated to identifying halogenated compounds in HPLC-MS data indicated the presence of several uncharacterised HNPs in an extract of the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua (Näg.) Gomont 108b. Three new natural products, tjipanazoles K, L, and M, were isolated from this strain together with the known tjipanazoles D and I. Taking into account the structures of all tjipanazole derivatives detected in this strain, reanalysis of the tjipanazole biosynthetic gene cluster allowed us to propose a biosynthetic pathway for the tjipanazoles. As the isolated tjipanazoles show structural similarity to arcyriaflavin A, an inhibitor of the clinically relevant multidrug-transporter ABCG2 overexpressed by different cancer cell lines, the isolated compounds were tested for ABCG2 inhibitory activity. Only tjipanazole K showed appreciable transporter inhibition, whereas the compounds lacking the pyrrolo[3,4-c] ring or featuring additional chloro substituents were found to be much less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Chilczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sahel Vahdati
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Mettal
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394, Gießen, Germany
| | - Mustafa El Omari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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9
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Moschny J, Lorenzen W, Hilfer A, Eckenstaler R, Jahns S, Enke H, Enke D, Schneider P, Benndorf RA, Niedermeyer THJ. Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis and Fluorescence Labeling of Clickable Microcystins. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:1960-1970. [PMID: 32464061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins, cyclic nonribosomal heptapeptides, are the most well-known cyanobacterial toxins. They are exceptionally well studied, but open questions remain concerning their physiological role for the producing microorganism or their suitability as lead compounds for anticancer drug development. One means to study specialized metabolites in more detail is the introduction of functional groups that make a compound amenable for bioorthogonal, so-called click reactions. Although it was reported that microcystins cannot be derivatized by precursor-directed biosynthesis, we successfully used this approach to prepare clickable microcystins. Supplementing different azide- or terminal alkyne containing amino acid analogues into the cultivation medium of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria strains, we found that these strains differ strongly in their substrate acceptance. Exploiting this flexibility, we generated more than 40 different clickable microcystins. We conjugated one of these derivatives with a fluorogenic dye and showed that neither incorporation of the unnatural amino acid analogue nor attachment of the fluorescent label significantly affects the cytotoxicity against cell lines expressing the human organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 or 1B3. Using time-lapse microscopy, we observed that the fluorescent microcystin is rapidly taken up into eukaryotic cells expressing these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moschny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Heike Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneider
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Kossack R, Breinlinger S, Nguyen T, Moschny J, Straetener J, Berscheid A, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Enke H, Schirmeister T, Niedermeyer THJ. Nostotrebin 6 Related Cyclopentenediones and δ-Lactones with Broad Activity Spectrum Isolated from the Cultivation Medium of the Cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CBT1153. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:392-400. [PMID: 31977209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are an interesting source of biologically active natural products, especially chemically diverse and potent protease inhibitors. On our search for inhibitors of the trypanosomal cysteine protease rhodesain, we identified the homodimeric cyclopentenedione (CPD) nostotrebin 6 (1) and new related monomeric, dimeric, and higher oligomeric compounds as the active substances in the medium extract of Nostoc sp. CBT1153. The oligomeric compounds are composed of two core monomeric structures, a trisubstituted CPD or a trisubstituted unsaturated δ-lactone. Nostotrebin 6 thus far has been the only known cyanobacterial CPD. It has been found to be active in a broad variety of assays, indicating that it might be a pan-assay interference compound (PAIN). Thus, we compared the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities as well as the rhodesain inhibition of selected compounds. Because a compound with a δ-lactone instead of a CPD core structure was equally active as nostotrebin 6, the bioactivities of these compounds seem to be based on the phenolic substructures rather than the CPD moiety. While the dimers were roughly equally potent, the monomer displayed slightly weaker activity, suggesting that the compounds show unspecific activity depending upon the number of free phenolic hydroxy groups per molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Kossack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Steffen Breinlinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology/Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT) , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Julia Moschny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Jan Straetener
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT) , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Anne Berscheid
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT) , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT) , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Heike Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Mainz , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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11
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Spohn M, Edenhart S, Alanjary M, Ziemert N, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Niedermeyer THJ, Stegmann E, Wohlleben W. Identification of a novel aminopolycarboxylic acid siderophore gene cluster encoding the biosynthesis of ethylenediaminesuccinic acid hydroxyarginine (EDHA). Metallomics 2018; 10:722-734. [PMID: 29667664 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00009c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of siderophore-mediated iron supply enhances fitness and survivability of microorganisms under iron limited growth conditions. One class of naturally occurring ionophores is the small aminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs). Although they are structurally related to the most famous anthropogenic chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), they have been largely neglected by the scientific community. Here, we demonstrate the detection of APCA gene clusters by a computational screening of a nucleotide database. This genome mining approach enabled the discovery of a yet unknown APCA gene cluster in well-described actinobacterial strains, either known for their potential to produce valuable secondary metabolites (Streptomyces avermitilis) or for their pathogenic lifestyle (Streptomyces scabies, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Corynebacterium ulcerans and Nocardia brasiliensis). The herein identified gene cluster was shown to encode the biosynthesis of APCA, ethylenediaminesuccinic acid hydroxyarginine (EDHA). Detailed and comparatively performed production and transcriptional profiling of EDHA and its biosynthesis genes showed strict iron-responsive biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Spohn
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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12
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Preisitsch M, Niedermeyer THJ, Heiden SE, Neidhardt I, Kumpfmüller J, Wurster M, Harmrolfs K, Wiesner C, Enke H, Müller R, Mundt S. Cylindrofridins A-C, Linear Cylindrocyclophane-Related Alkylresorcinols from the Cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum stagnale. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:106-115. [PMID: 26684177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and exhaustive one-step biomass extraction as well as an enrichment and cleanup procedure has been developed for HPLC-UV detection and quantification of closely related [7.7]paracyclophanes and structural derivatives based on a two-phase solvent system. The procedure has been validated using the biomass of the carbamidocyclophane- and cylindrocyclophane-producing cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CAVN2 and was utilized to perform a screening comprising 102 cyanobacterial strains. As a result, three new cylindrocyclophane-related alkylresorcinols, cylindrofridins A-C (1-3), and known cylindrocyclophanes (4-6) were detected and isolated from Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417. Structures of 1-3 were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR experiments, HRMS, and ECD spectroscopy. Cylindrofridin A (1) is the first naturally occurring [7.7]paracyclophane-related monomeric derivative. In contrast, cylindrofridins B (2) and C (3) represent dimers related to 1. Due to chlorination at the alkyl carbon atom in 1-3, the site of [7.7]paracyclophane macrocycle formation, the cylindrofridins represent linearized congeners of the cylindrocyclophanes. Compounds 1-3 were not toxic against nontumorigenic HaCaT cells (IC50 values >25 μM) compared to the respective cylindrocyclophanes, but 1 was the only cylindrofridin showing moderate activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pneumoniae with MIC values of 9 and 17 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Preisitsch
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University , Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Site Tübingen, Germany
- Cyano Biotech GmbH , Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan E Heiden
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University , Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Inga Neidhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University , Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina Wurster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harmrolfs
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University , Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Heike Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH , Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University , Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sabine Mundt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Preisitsch M, Heiden SE, Beerbaum M, Niedermeyer THJ, Schneefeld M, Herrmann J, Kumpfmüller J, Thürmer A, Neidhardt I, Wiesner C, Daniel R, Müller R, Bange FC, Schmieder P, Schweder T, Mundt S. Effects of Halide Ions on the Carbamidocyclophane Biosynthesis in Nostoc sp. CAVN2. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:21. [PMID: 26805858 PMCID: PMC4728517 DOI: 10.3390/md14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the influence of halide ions on [7.7]paracyclophane biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CAVN2 was investigated. In contrast to KI and KF, supplementation of the culture medium with KCl or KBr resulted not only in an increase of growth but also in an up-regulation of carbamidocyclophane production. LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of chlorinated, brominated, but also non-halogenated derivatives. In addition to 22 known cylindrocyclophanes and carbamidocyclophanes, 27 putative congeners have been detected. Nine compounds, carbamidocyclophanes M-U, were isolated, and their structural elucidation by 1D and 2D NMR experiments in combination with HRMS and ECD analysis revealed that they are brominated analogues of chlorinated carbamidocyclophanes. Quantification of the carbamidocyclophanes showed that chloride is the preferably utilized halide, but incorporation is reduced in the presence of bromide. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of 30 [7.7]paracyclophanes and related derivatives against selected pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria exhibited remarkable effects especially against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For deeper insights into the mechanisms of biosynthesis, the carbamidocyclophane biosynthetic gene cluster in Nostoc sp. CAVN2 was studied. The gene putatively coding for the carbamoyltransferase has been identified. Based on bioinformatic analyses, a possible biosynthetic assembly is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Preisitsch
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Stefan E Heiden
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Monika Beerbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Marie Schneefeld
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Inga Neidhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | | | - Rolf Daniel
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Rolf Müller
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Franz-Christoph Bange
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen (T.H.J.N.) and Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sabine Mundt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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14
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Bäcker C, Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, Wurster M, Bodtke A, Niedermeyer THJ, Lindequist U. New Mono- and Bisdesmosidic Triterpene Glycosides from Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5560/znb.2014-4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fifteen new mono- and bisdesmosidic triterpene saponins, named pittangretosides J, K, M, Q- Z, A1, and B1, along with three known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Pittosporum angustifolium. By spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chemical evidence, their structures were established as glycosides of A1- and R1-barrigenol, barringtogenol C and camelliagenin A backbones
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bäcker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristina Jenett-Siems
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Siems
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Hermannswerder Haus 17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Wurster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Bodtke
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timo H. J. Niedermeyer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lindequist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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15
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Preisitsch M, Harmrolfs K, Pham HTL, Heiden SE, Füssel A, Wiesner C, Pretsch A, Swiatecka-Hagenbruch M, Niedermeyer THJ, Müller R, Mundt S. Anti-MRSA-acting carbamidocyclophanes H-L from the Vietnamese cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CAVN2. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 68:165-77. [PMID: 25182484 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The methanol extract of the Vietnamese freshwater cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CAVN2 exhibited cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and 5637 cancer cell lines as well as against nontumorigenic FL and HaCaT cells and was active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pneumoniae. High-resolution mass spectrometric analysis indicated the presence of over 60 putative cyclophane-like compounds in an antimicrobially active methanol extract fraction. A paracyclophanes-focusing extraction and separation methodology led to the isolation of 5 new carbamidocyclophanes (1-5) and 11 known paracyclophanes (6-16). The structures and their stereochemical configurations were elucidated by a combination of spectrometric and spectroscopic methods including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses and detailed comparative CD analysis. The newly described monocarbamoylated [7.7]paracyclophanes (1, 2, 4 and 5) differ by a varying degree of chlorination in the side chains. Carbamidocyclophane J (3) is the very first reported carbamidocyclophane bearing a single halogenation in both butyl residues. Based on previous studies a detailed phylogenetic examination of cyclophane-producing cyanobacteria was carried out. The biological evaluation of 1-16 against various clinical pathogens highlighted a remarkable antimicrobial activity against MRSA with MICs of 0.1-1.0 μM, and indicated that the level of antibacterial activity is related to the presence of carbamoyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Preisitsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harmrolfs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hang T L Pham
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany [2] Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Stefan E Heiden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Füssel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- 1] Cyano Biotech GmbH, Berlin, Germany [2] Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany [3] German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sabine Mundt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
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Niedermeyer THJ, Daily A, Swiatecka-Hagenbruch M, Moscow JA. Selectivity and potency of microcystin congeners against OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 expressing cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91476. [PMID: 24614281 PMCID: PMC3948918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins are potent phosphatase inhibitors and cellular toxins. They require active transport by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters for uptake into human cells, and the high expression of these transporters in the liver accounts for their selective hepatic toxicity. Several human tumors have been shown to have high levels of expression of OATP1B3 but not OATP1B1, the main transporter in liver cells. We hypothesized that microcystin variants could be isolated that are transported preferentially by OATP1B3 relative to OATP1B1 to advance as anticancer agents with clinically tolerable hepatic toxicity. Microcystin variants have been isolated and tested for cytotoxicity in cancer cells stably transfected with OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters. Microcystin variants with cytotoxic OATP1B1/OATP1B3 IC50 ratios that ranged between 0.2 and 32 were found, representing a 150-fold range in transporter selectivity. As microcystin structure has a significant impact on transporter selectivity, it is potentially possible to develop analogs with even more pronounced OATP1B3 selectivity and thus enable their development as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo H. J. Niedermeyer
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Abigail Daily
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Moscow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Niedermeyer THJ, Schmieder P, Kurmayer R. Isolation of Microcystins from the Cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens Strain No80. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2014; 4:37-45. [PMID: 24660135 PMCID: PMC3956966 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-013-0001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three minor microcystins have been isolated from a Planktothrix rubescens strain. Their structures have been elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry as the compounds [Asp(3),(E)-Dhb(7)]MC-LY (1), [Asp(3),(E)-Dhb(7)]MC-HtyW (2), and [Asp(3),(E)-Dhb(7)]MC-LW (3). The amino acids found at the variable positions 2 and 4 of the microcystin core structure are in accordance with the predicted amino acid substrate activation selectivities of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetases McyA and McyB described earlier for this strain. All structural microcystin variants produced by this strain were shown to inhibit protein phosphatase 1 in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo H. J. Niedermeyer
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Kurmayer
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
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Abstract
Two farnesylhydroquinones were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi, farnesylhydroquinone (1) and the new compound ganomycin K (2), (5S)-3-[(E)-7,8-dihydroxy-4,8-dimethylnon-3-enyl]-5-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-furan-2(5H)-one. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of mass spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic evidence. The antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was neglectable. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo H. J. Niedermeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Jira
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
Natural or synthetic cyclic peptides often possess pronounced bioactivity. Their mass spectrometric characterization is difficult due to the predominant occurrence of non-proteinogenic monomers and the complex fragmentation patterns observed. Even though several software tools for cyclic peptide tandem mass spectra annotation have been published, these tools are still unable to annotate a majority of the signals observed in experimentally obtained mass spectra. They are thus not suitable for extensive mass spectrometric characterization of these compounds. This lack of advanced and user-friendly software tools has motivated us to extend the fragmentation module of a freely available open-source software, mMass (http://www.mmass.org), to allow for cyclic peptide tandem mass spectra annotation and interpretation. The resulting software has been tested on several cyanobacterial and other naturally occurring peptides. It has been found to be superior to other currently available tools concerning both usability and annotation extensiveness. Thus it is highly useful for accelerating the structure confirmation and elucidation of cyclic as well as linear peptides and depsipeptides.
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Abstract
Natural or synthetic cyclic peptides often possess pronounced bioactivity. Their mass spectrometric characterization is difficult due to the predominant occurrence of non-proteinogenic monomers and the complex fragmentation patterns observed. Even though several software tools for cyclic peptide tandem mass spectra annotation have been published, these tools are still unable to annotate a majority of the signals observed in experimentally obtained mass spectra. They are thus not suitable for extensive mass spectrometric characterization of these compounds. This lack of advanced and user-friendly software tools has motivated us to extend the fragmentation module of a freely available open-source software, mMass (http://www.mmass.org), to allow for cyclic peptide tandem mass spectra annotation and interpretation. The resulting software has been tested on several cyanobacterial and other naturally occurring peptides. It has been found to be superior to other currently available tools concerning both usability and annotation extensiveness. Thus it is highly useful for accelerating the structure confirmation and elucidation of cyclic as well as linear peptides and depsipeptides.
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Poeckel D, Niedermeyer THJ, Pham HTL, Mikolasch A, Mundt S, Lindequist U, Lalk M, Werz O. Inhibition of Human 5-Lipoxygenase and Anti-Neoplastic Effects by 2-Amino-1,4-Benzoquinones. Med Chem 2006; 2:591-5. [PMID: 17105440 DOI: 10.2174/1573406410602060591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently presented the synthesis of 2-amino-1,4-benzoquinones by nuclear amination of p-hydroquinones with primary aromatic amines using fungal laccases as catalysts. In the present report, a series of selected 2-amino-1,4-benzoquinones was tested for biological activities, such as inhibition of human 5-lipoxygenase and anti-proliferative/anti-neoplastic effects. Compound 9 (2-[4'-(iso-propylphenyl)-amino]-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone) was identified as the most potent aminoquinone derivative, suppressing 5-lipoxygenase in intact human polymorphonuclear leukocytes as well as in crude enzyme preparations in the low micromolar range (IC50 = 6 microM). Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Of interest, the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory properties of 2-amino-1,4-benzoquinones in intact cells correlated to the anti-neoplastic activities of the compounds in breast and urinary bladder cancer cell lines. Based on these features, bioactive 2-amino-1,4-benzoquinones may possess potential for the pharmacological treatment of diseases associated with elevated 5-lipoxygenase activity, in particular certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Poeckel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
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Niedermeyer THJ, Lindequist U, Mentel R, Gördes D, Schmidt E, Thurow K, Lalk M. Antiviral Terpenoid Constituents of Ganoderma pfeifferi. J Nat Prod 2005; 68:1728-31. [PMID: 16378363 DOI: 10.1021/np0501886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Four sterols and 10 triterpenes were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi, including the three new triterpenes 3,7,11-trioxo-5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene-26-al (lucialdehyde D, 1), 5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene-26-hydroxy-3,7-dione (ganoderone A, 2), and 5alpha-lanosta-8-ene-24,25-epoxy-26-hydroxy-3,7-dione (ganoderone C, 3). The structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity were studied for some of the isolated compounds. Ganoderone A (2), lucialdehyde B (4), and ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol (7) were found to exhibit potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Lindequist U, Niedermeyer THJ, Jülich WD. The pharmacological potential of mushrooms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005; 2:285-99. [PMID: 16136207 PMCID: PMC1193547 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This review describes pharmacologically active compounds from mushrooms. Compounds and complex substances with antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antiallergic, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and central activities are covered, focusing on the review of recent literature. The production of mushrooms or mushroom compounds is discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Niedermeyer THJ, Mikolasch A, Lalk M. Nuclear amination catalyzed by fungal laccases: reaction products of p-hydroquinones and primary aromatic amines. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2002-8. [PMID: 15760179 DOI: 10.1021/jo048454s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Nuclear amination of p-hydroquinones with primary aromatic amines was catalyzed by fungal laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) from Trametes spec. and Myceliophthora thermophila. This is the first report of laccase-catalyzed synthesis of aminoquinones. Incubation of two compounds with laccase in the presence of oxygen resulted in the formation of the corresponding monoaminated or diaminated quinones. No hydroquinonoids were formed. Observed differences in the reaction courses for different p-hydroquinones and aromatic amines with different laccases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Strasse 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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