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Nam NN, Tran NKS, Nguyen TT, Trai NN, Thuy NP, Do HDK, Tran NHT, Trinh KTL. Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:396-415. [PMID: 38633767 PMCID: PMC11022389 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Antioxidants play an important role in the prevention of oxidative stress and have been widely used in medicine and healthcare. However, natural antioxidants have several limitations such as low stability, difficult long-term storage, and high cost of large-scale production. Along with significant advances in nanotechnology, nanomaterials have emerged as a promising solution to improve the limitations of natural antioxidants because of their high stability, easy storage, time effectiveness, and low cost. Among various types of nanomaterials exhibiting antioxidant activity, metal-based nanoantioxidants show excellent reactivity because of the presence of an unpaired electron in their atomic structure. In this review, we summarize some novel metal-based nanoantioxidants and classify them into two main categories, namely chain-breaking and preventive antioxidant nanomaterials. In addition, the applications of antioxidant nanomaterials in medicine and healthcare are also discussed. This review provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of metal-based nanoantioxidants and a guideline for using these nanomaterials in medicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Nam
- Applied Biology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Khoi Song Tran
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Tai Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Trai
- Applied Biology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Thuy
- Applied Biology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ward 13, District 04, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Hoa Thi Tran
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- BioNano Applications Research Center, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Timralieva A, Moskalenko IV, Nesterov PV, Shilovskikh VV, Novikov AS, Konstantinova EA, Kokorin AI, Skorb EV. Melamine Barbiturate as a Light-Induced Nanostructured Supramolecular Material for a Bioinspired Oxygen and Organic Radical Trap and Stabilization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8276-8284. [PMID: 36910956 PMCID: PMC9996620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Use of coantioxidant systems is a prospective way to increase the effectiveness of antioxidant species in tissue repair and regeneration. In this paper, we introduce a novel scheme of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) trap and neutralization during self-assembly of supramolecular melamine barbiturate material. The performed reaction chain mimics the biological process of ROS generation in key stages and enables one to obtain stable hydroperoxyl and organic radicals in a melamine barbiturate structure. Melamine barbiturate also neutralizes hydroxyl radicals, and the effectiveness of the radical trap is controlled with ROS scavenger incorporation. The number of radicals dramatically increases during light-inducing and depends on pH. The proposed scheme of the ROS trap and neutralization opens a way to the use of supramolecular assemblies as a component of coantioxidant systems and a source of organic radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra
A. Timralieva
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Moskalenko
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Nesterov
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Shilovskikh
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Konstantinova
- Physics
Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute
of Nano-, Bio-, Information, Cognitive and Socio-humanistic Sciences
and Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics
and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Kokorin
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- N.
N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Plekhanov
Russian University of Economics, Stremyannyi per. 36, Moscow 115093, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Skorb
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
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3
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Dong Z, Liang P, Guan G, Yin B, Wang Y, Yue R, Zhang X, Song G. Overcoming Hypoxia‐Induced Ferroptosis Resistance via a
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H‐MRI Traceable Core‐Shell Nanostructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206074. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Baoli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Youjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Renye Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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4
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Khallouki F, Saber S, Bouddine T, Hajji L, Elbouhali B, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. In vitro and In vivo oxidation and cleavage products of tocols: From chemical tuners to “VitaminEome” therapeutics. A narrative review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Supplemental Ascorbate Diminishes DNA Damage Yet Depletes Glutathione and Increases Acute Liver Failure in a Mouse Model of Hepatic Antioxidant System Disruption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030359. [PMID: 33673577 PMCID: PMC7997133 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular oxidants are primarily managed by the thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1)- and glutathione reductase (Gsr)-driven antioxidant systems. In mice having hepatocyte-specific co-disruption of TrxR1 and Gsr (TrxR1/Gsr-null livers), methionine catabolism sustains hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Although most mice with TrxR1/Gsr-null livers exhibit long-term survival, ~25% die from spontaneous liver failure between 4- and 7-weeks of age. Here we tested whether liver failure was ameliorated by ascorbate supplementation. Following ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, or mock treatment, we assessed survival, liver histology, or hepatic redox markers including GSH and GSSG, redox enzyme activities, and oxidative damage markers. Unexpectedly, rather than providing protection, ascorbate (5 mg/mL, drinking water) increased the death-rate to 43%. In adults, ascorbate (4 mg/g × 3 days i.p.) caused hepatocyte necrosis and loss of hepatic GSH in TrxR1/Gsr-null livers but not in wildtype controls. Dehydroascorbate (0.3 mg/g i.p.) also depleted hepatic GSH in TrxR1/Gsr-null livers, whereas GSH levels were not significantly affected by either treatment in wildtype livers. Curiously, however, despite depleting GSH, ascorbate treatment diminished basal DNA damage and oxidative stress markers in TrxR1/Gsr-null livers. This suggests that, although ascorbate supplementation can prevent oxidative damage, it also can deplete GSH and compromise already stressed livers.
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López-Alarcón C, Fuentes-Lemus E, Figueroa JD, Dorta E, Schöneich C, Davies MJ. Azocompounds as generators of defined radical species: Contributions and challenges for free radical research. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:78-91. [PMID: 32771519 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyl radicals participate in multiple processes involved in critical changes to cells, tissues, pharmacueticals and foods. Some of these reactions explain their association with degenerative pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as cancer development. Azocompounds, and particularly AAPH (2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride), a cationic water-soluble derivative, have been employed extensively as sources of model peroxyl radicals. A considerable number of studies have reported mechanistic data on the oxidation of biologically-relevant targets, the scavenging activity of foods and natural products, and the reactions with, and responses of, cultured cells. However, despite the (supposed) experimental simplicity of using azocompounds, the chemistry of peroxyl radical production and subsequent reactions is complicated, and not always considered in sufficient depth when analyzing experimental data. The present work discusses the chemical aspects of azocompounds as generators of peroxyl (and other) radicals, together with their contribution to our understanding of biochemistry, pharmaceutical and food chemistry research. The evidence supporting a role for the formation of alkoxyl (RO•) and other radicals during thermal and photochemical decomposition of azocompounds is assessed, together with the potential influence of such species on the reactions under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan David Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Dorta
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal en Zonas Tropicales y Subtropicales, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Greene LE, Lincoln R, Cosa G. Spatio-temporal monitoring of lipid peroxyl radicals in live cell studies combining fluorogenic antioxidants and fluorescence microscopy methods. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:124-136. [PMID: 29649566 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cells may occur via their catalytic autoxidation through peroxyl radicals under oxidative stress conditions. Lipid peroxidation is related to a number of pathologies, and may be invoked in new forms of regulated cell death, yet it may also have beneficial roles in cell signaling cascades. Antioxidants are a natural line of defense against lipid peroxidation, and may accordingly impact the biological outcome associated with the redox chemistry of lipid peroxidation. Critical to unraveling the physiological and pathological role of lipid peroxidation is the development of novel probes with the partition, chemical sensitivity and more importantly, molecular specificity, enabling the spatial and temporal imaging of peroxyl radicals in the lipid membranes of live cells, reporting on the redox status of the cell membrane. This review describes our recent progress to visualize lipid peroxidation in model membrane systems and in live cell studies. Our work portrays the mechanistic insight leading to the development of a highly sensitive probe to monitor lipid peroxyl radicals (LOO•). It also describes technical aspects including reagents and fluorescence microscopy methodologies to consider in order to achieve the much sought after monitoring of rates of lipid peroxyl radical production in live cell studies, be it under oxidative stress but also under cell homeostasis. This review seeks to bring attention to the study of lipid redox reactions and to lay the groundwork for the adoption of fluorogenic antioxidant probeshancement and maximum intensity recorded in turn provide a benchmark to estimate, when compared to the control BODIPY dye lacking the intramolecular PeT based switch, the overall exte and related fluorescence microscopy methods toward gaining rich spatiotemporal information on lipid peroxidation in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana E Greene
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Richard Lincoln
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0B8.
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8
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Rungratanawanich W, Memo M, Uberti D. Redox Homeostasis and Natural Dietary Compounds: Focusing on Antioxidants of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111605. [PMID: 30388764 PMCID: PMC6265930 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis may be defined as the dynamic equilibrium between electrophiles and nucleophiles to maintain the optimum redox steady state. This mechanism involves complex reactions, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, activated by oxidative stress in order to restore the redox balance. The ability to maintain the optimal redox homeostasis is fundamental for preserving physiological functions and preventing phenotypic shift toward pathological conditions. Here, we reviewed mechanisms involved in redox homeostasis and how certain natural compounds regulate the nucleophilic tone. In addition, we focused on the antioxidant properties of rice and particularly on its bioactive compound, γ-oryzanol. It is well known that γ-oryzanol exerts a variety of beneficial effects mediated by its antioxidant properties. Recently, γ-oryzanol was also found as a Nrf2 inducer, resulting in nucleophilic tone regulation and making rice a para-hormetic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Baschieri A, Valgimigli L, Gabbanini S, DiLabio GA, Romero-Montalvo E, Amorati R. Extremely Fast Hydrogen Atom Transfer between Nitroxides and HOO· Radicals and Implication for Catalytic Coantioxidant Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10354-10362. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Gabbanini
- R&D division, BeC s.r.l. Via C. Monteverdi 49, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Gino A. DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
- Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Eduardo Romero-Montalvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Nanomaterials represent one of the most promising frontiers in the research for improved antioxidants. Some nanomaterials, including organic (i.e. melanin, lignin) metal oxides (i.e. cerium oxide) or metal (i.e. gold, platinum) based nanoparticles, exhibit intrinsic redox activity that is often associated with radical trapping and/or with superoxide dismutase-like and catalase-like activities. Redox inactive nanomaterials can be transformed into antioxidants by grafting low molecular weight antioxidants on them. Herein, we propose a classification of nanoantioxidants based on their mechanism of action, and we review the chemical methods used to measure antioxidant activity by providing a rationale of the chemistry behind them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, Bologna 40126, Italy.
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Sicari M, Stevanato R, Ongaro I, Zuliani R, Ravagnan G, Lucchini V. Searching for an absolute kinetic scale of antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation. Food Chem 2018; 239:964-974. [PMID: 28873659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition properties of a number of antioxidants against peroxidation, started by a 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] radical initiator, of linoleic acid in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, have been determined in terms of oxygen consumption by a Clark electrode in an oxygen-tight cell. For the 31 antioxidants investigated at variable concentrations, the experimental results well fit the kinetic equation for competitive reactions. The ratio between the initial rates, monitored in the absence and in the presence of antioxidants, depends linearly on their concentration. From the slopes of these straight lines, an absolute scale of inhibition properties of the lipid peroxidation can be devised. Furthermore, the little difference of the time of complete oxygen consumption on concentration of different antioxidants has been found, indicating a restricted difference towards chemical structure and stoichiometric ratio. Some considerations regarding the mechanisms of inhibition of the lipid peroxidation in micelles, in view of bibliographic data, have been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sicari
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre Venice, Italy
| | - Roberto Stevanato
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre Venice, Italy.
| | - Italo Ongaro
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre Venice, Italy
| | - Roberto Zuliani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre Venice, Italy
| | - Giampietro Ravagnan
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre Venice, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lucchini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre Venice, Italy
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Tikhonov IV, Moskalenko IV, Pliss EM, Fomich MA, Bekish AV, Shmanai VV. Kinetic isotope H/D effect in the oxidation of ethers of linoleic acid in solutions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793117030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Cedrowski J, Litwinienko G, Baschieri A, Amorati R. Hydroperoxyl Radicals (HOO.
): Vitamin E Regeneration and H-Bond Effects on the Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Chemistry 2016; 22:16441-16445. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Cedrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via S. Giacomo 11 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via S. Giacomo 11 40126 Bologna Italy
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Ursini F, Maiorino M, Forman HJ. Redox homeostasis: The Golden Mean of healthy living. Redox Biol 2016; 8:205-15. [PMID: 26820564 PMCID: PMC4732014 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that electrophiles serve as messengers in cell signaling is now widely accepted. Nonetheless, major issues restrain acceptance of redox homeostasis and redox signaling as components of maintenance of a normal physiological steady state. The first is that redox signaling requires sudden switching on of oxidant production and bypassing of antioxidant mechanisms rather than a continuous process that, like other signaling mechanisms, can be smoothly turned up or down. The second is the misperception that reactions in redox signaling involve “reactive oxygen species” rather than reaction of specific electrophiles with specific protein thiolates. The third is that hormesis provides protection against oxidants by increasing cellular defense or repair mechanisms rather than by specifically addressing the offset of redox homeostasis. Instead, we propose that both oxidant and antioxidant signaling are main features of redox homeostasis. As the redox shift is rapidly reversed by feedback reactions, homeostasis is maintained by continuous signaling for production and elimination of electrophiles and nucleophiles. Redox homeostasis, which is the maintenance of nucleophilic tone, accounts for a healthy physiological steady state. Electrophiles and nucleophiles are not intrinsically harmful or protective, and redox homeostasis is an essential feature of both the response to challenges and subsequent feedback. While the balance between oxidants and nucleophiles is preserved in redox homeostasis, oxidative stress provokes the establishment of a new radically altered redox steady state. The popular belief that scavenging free radicals by antioxidants has a beneficial effect is wishful thinking. We propose, instead, that continuous feedback preserves nucleophilic tone and that this is supported by redox active nutritional phytochemicals. These nonessential compounds, by activating Nrf2, mimic the effect of endogenously produced electrophiles (parahormesis). In summary, while hormesis, although globally protective, results in setting up of a new phenotype, parahormesis contributes to health by favoring maintenance of homeostasis. Redox homeostasis is the continuously challenged oxidative/nucleophilic balance. Rheostatic redox signaling enzymes maintain oxidative/nucleophilic homeostasis. Phytochemicals assist redox homeostasis through oxidative feedback (parahormesis). Adaptation and hormesis while protective establish a new phenotype and set point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern, California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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15
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Meyerstein D. Is Measuring OH.Radical Scavenging a Reasonable Measurement of Antioxidant Properties? Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Function of plastochromanol and other biological prenyllipids in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation-A comparative study in model systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:233-40. [PMID: 22959712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is an oxidation reaction leading to the generation of lipid hydroperoxides. Here we present comparative data on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by a variety of biological prenyllipids in liposomes prepared from natural lipid membranes. Lipid peroxidation was initiated by hydrophilic and hydrophobic azo initiators, as well as by singlet oxygen generated via photosensitized reaction of hydrophobic zinc tetraphenylporphine. When lipid peroxidation was initiated in the water phase, tocopherols and plastochromanol-8 were more effective than prenylquinols, such as plastoquinol-9, ubiquinol-10 or α-tocopherolquinol. However, if the peroxidation was initiated within the hydrophobic interior of liposome membranes, long-chain prenyllipids, such as plastoquinol-9 and plastochromanol-8, were considerably more active than tocopherols in the inhibition of the reaction. In the latter system, tocopherols showed even prooxidant activity. The prooxidant activity of α-tocopherol was prevented by plastoquinol, suggesting the reduction of α-tocopheroxyl radical by the quinol. All the investigated prenyllipids were able to inhibit singlet oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation but the most active were prenylquinols in this respect. Among all the prenyllipids investigated, plastochromanol-8 was the most versatile antioxidant in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation initiated by the three different methods.
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Krumova K, Friedland S, Cosa G. How lipid unsaturation, peroxyl radical partitioning, and chromanol lipophilic tail affect the antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol: direct visualization via high-throughput fluorescence studies conducted with fluorogenic α-tocopherol analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10102-13. [PMID: 22568598 DOI: 10.1021/ja301680m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of two highly sensitive fluorogenic α-tocopherol (TOH) analogues which undergo >30-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement upon reaction with peroxyl radicals is reported. The probes consist of a chromanol moiety coupled to the meso position of a BODIPY fluorophore, where the use of a methylene linker (BODIPY-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-hydroxy-chroman adduct, H(2)B-PMHC) vs an ester linker (meso-methanoyl BODIPY-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid, H(2)B-TOH) enables tuning their reactivity toward H-atom abstraction by peroxyl radicals. The development of a high-throughput fluorescence assay for monitoring kinetics of peroxyl radical reactions in liposomes is subsequently described where the evolution of the fluorescence intensity over time provides a rapid, facile method to conduct competitive kinetic studies in the presence of TOH and its analogues. A quantitative treatment is formulated for the temporal evolution of the intensity in terms of relative rate constants of H-atom abstraction (k(inh)) from the various tocopherol analogues. Combined, the new probes, the fluorescence assay, and the data analysis provide a new method to obtain, in a rapid, parallel format, relative antioxidant activities in phospholipid membranes. The method is exemplified with four chromanol-based antioxidant compounds differing in their aliphatic tails (TOH, PMHC, H(2)B-PMHC, and H(2)B-TOH). Studies were conducted in six different liposome solutions prepared from poly- and mono-unsaturated and saturated (fluid vs gel phase) lipids in the presence of either hydrophilic or lipophilic peroxyl radicals. A number of key insights into the chemistry of the TOH antioxidants in lipid membranes are provided: (1) The relative antioxidant activities of chromanols in homogeneous solution, arising from their inherent chemical reactivity, readily translate to the microheterogeneous environment at the water/lipid interface; thus similar values for k(inh)(H(2)B-PMHC)/k(inh)(H(2)B-TOH) in the range of 2-3 are recorded both in homogeneous solution and in liposome suspensions with hydrophilic or lipophilic peroxyl radicals. (2) The relative antioxidant activity between tocopherol analogues with the same inherent chemical reactivity but bearing short (PMHC) or long (TOH) aliphatic tails, k(inh)(PMHC)/k(inh)(TOH), is ~8 in the presence of hydrophilic peroxyl radicals, regardless of the nature of the lipid membrane into which they are embedded. (3) Antioxidants embedded in saturated lipids do not efficiently scavenge hydrophilic peroxyl radicals; under these conditions wastage reactions among peroxyl radicals become important, and this translates into larger times for antioxidant consumption. (4) Lipophilic peroxyl radicals show reduced discrimination between antioxidants bearing long and short aliphatic tails, with k(inh)(PMHC)/k(inh)(TOH) in the range of 3-4 for most lipid membranes. (5) Lipophilic peroxyl radicals are scavenged with the same efficiency by all four antioxidants studied, regardless of the nature of their aliphatic tail or the lipid membrane into which they are embedded. These data underpin the key role the lipid environment plays in modulating the rate of reaction of antioxidants characterized by similar inherent chemical reactivity (arising from a conserved chromanol moiety) but differing in their membrane mobility (structural differences in the lipophilic tail). Altogether, a novel, facile method of study, new insights, and a quantitative understanding on the critical role of lipid diversity in modulating antioxidant activity in the lipid milieu are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Krumova
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Self Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
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Paudel B, Bhattarai HD, Koh HY, Lee SG, Han SJ, Lee HK, Oh H, Shin HW, Yim JH. Ramalin, a novel nontoxic antioxidant compound from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1285-1290. [PMID: 21802926 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ramalin (γ-glutamyl-N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazide), a novel compound, was isolated from the methanol-water extract of the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata by several chromatographic methods. The molecular structure of ramalin was determined by spectroscopic analysis. The experimental data showed that ramalin was five times more potent than commercial butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in scavenging 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydazil (DPPH) free radicals, 27 times more potent in scavenging 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid free radicals (ABTS(+)) than the vitamin E analogue, trolox, and 2.5 times more potent than BHT in reducing Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) ions. Similarly, ramalin was 1.2 times more potent than ascorbic acid in scavenging superoxide radicals and 1.25 times more potent than commercial kojic acid in inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme activity, which ultimately leads to whitening of skin cells. Ramalin showed no or very little cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte and fibroblast cells at its antioxidant concentration. Furthermore, ramalin was assessed to determine its antioxidant activity in vivo. One microgram per milliliter ramalin significantly reduced the released nitric oxide (NO) and 0.125 μg/ml ramalin reduced the produced hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated murine macrophage Raw264.7 cells. Considering all the data together, ramalin can be a strong therapeutic candidate for controlling oxidative stress in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Paudel
- Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Incheon, South Korea
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19
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Volkmar CM, Vukadinović-Walter B, Opländer C, Bozkurt A, Korth HG, Kirsch M, Mahotka C, Pallua N, Suschek CV. UVA-induced phenoxyl radical formation: A new cytotoxic principle in photodynamic therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1129-37. [PMID: 20619338 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Psoralens are regularly used in therapy in combination with ultraviolet A light irradiation (PUVA) to treat skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and mycosis fungoides. PUVA therapy is also used within the scope of extracorporeal photopheresis to treat a variety of diseases that have a suspected involvement of pathogenic T cells, including rejection of organ transplants, graft-vs-host disease, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and autoimmune disorders. Because psoralens are the only photosensitizers used in PUVA therapies and are considered to be responsible for a number of side effects, the identification of alternative drugs is of practical interest. Here we investigated the impact of activated Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), a hydrophilic vitamin E analog lacking the phytyl tail, as an alternative photoactivatable agent with T cell cytotoxic properties. Despite the well-known antioxidative capacity of Trolox, we found that at low UVA doses and in the presence of supraphysiological concentration of nitrite, a natural constituent of human skin, this compound selectively enhances radical-mediated cytotoxicity toward T cells but not toward human skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, or endothelial cells. The cytotoxic mechanism comprises a reaction of Trolox with photo-decomposition products of nitrite, which leads to increased Trolox phenoxyl radical formation, increased intracellular oxidative stress, and a consecutive induction of apoptosis and necrosis in fast proliferating T cells. Thus, the identified UVA/nitrite-induced phenoxyl radical formation provides an opportunity for a new cytotoxic photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Volkmar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Burn Center, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Würthner F, Bräse S, Sewald N, Herges R, Senge MO, Bach T, Gottwald T, Kopf T, Ŝpehar K, Hartung J, Plattner D, Gansäuer A, Oestreich M, Brückner R, Pietruszka J, Süßmuth R, Müller M, Weinhold E, Jäschke A, Albrecht M, Priepke H, Roth G, Ditrich K, Ernst A, Wortmann L, Ag S. Organische Chemie 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.20030510309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Khatchadourian A, Krumova K, Boridy S, Ngo AT, Maysinger D, Cosa G. Molecular Imaging of Lipid Peroxyl Radicals in Living Cells with a BODIPY−α-Tocopherol Adduct. Biochemistry 2009; 48:5658-68. [DOI: 10.1021/bi900402c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Khatchadourian
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Katerina Krumova
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Sebastien Boridy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - An Thien Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
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22
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Koch S, Volkmar CM, Kolb-Bachofen V, Korth HG, Kirsch M, Horn AHC, Sticht H, Pallua N, Suschek CV. A new redox-dependent mechanism of MMP-1 activity control comprising reduced low-molecular-weight thiols and oxidizing radicals. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 87:261-72. [PMID: 19034402 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent proteinases, participate in remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins. The activity of MMPs is thought to be predominately posttranslationally regulated via proteolytic activation of precursor zymogens or via their naturally occurring endogenous inhibitors. Here, using recombinant MMP-1, we investigated new redox-dependent mechanisms of proteinase activity regulation by low-molecular-weight thiols. We find that glutathione (GSH), cysteine, homocysteine, and N-acetylcysteine at physiological concentrations competitively reduce MMP-1 activity up to 75% with an efficiency of cysteine > or = GSH > homocysteine > N-acetylcysteine. In contrast, S-derivatized thiols completely lack this inhibitory activity. Interestingly, the competitive GSH-mediated inhibition of MMP-1-activity can be fully reversed abrogated by oxidizing radicals like (*)NO(2) or Trolox radicals, here generated by UVA irradiation of nitrite or Trolox, two relevant agents in human skin physiology. This redox-dependent reactivation of the inactive GSH-MMP-1-complex comprises GSH oxidation and is significantly inhibited in the presence of ascorbic acid, an effective (*)NO(2) and Trolox radical scavenger. We here offer a new concept of redox-sensitive control of MMP-1 activity based on the inhibitory effect of reduced thiols and reactivation by a mechanism comprising derivatization or oxidation of the MMP-1-bound inhibitory-acting thiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Koch
- Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu, Finland
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23
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Jahn U, Galano JM, Durand T. Beyond prostaglandins--chemistry and biology of cyclic oxygenated metabolites formed by free-radical pathways from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5894-955. [PMID: 18649300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important constituents in all organisms. They fulfil many functions, ranging from modulating the structure of membranes to acting as precursors of physiologically important molecules, such as the prostaglandins, which for a long time were the most prominent cyclic PUFA metabolites. However, since the beginning of the 1990s a large variety of cyclic metabolites have been discovered that form under autoxidative conditions in vivo to a much larger extent than do prostaglandins. These compounds--isoprostanes, neuroprostanes, phytoprostanes, and isofurans--proved subsequently to be ubiquitous in nature. They display a wide range of biological activities, and isoprostanes have become the currently most reliable indicators of oxidative stress in humans. In a relatively short time, the structural variety, properties, and applications of the autoxidatively formed cyclic PUFA derivatives have been uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Jahn U, Galano JM, Durand T. Jenseits von Prostaglandinen - Chemie und Biologie radikalisch gebildeter cyclischer oxygenierter Metabolite von mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Rossetto M, Vanzani P, De Marco V, Zennaro L, Scarpa M, Rigo A. Fast and simple method for the simultaneous evaluation of the capacity and efficiency of food antioxidants in trapping peroxyl radicals in an intestinal model system. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:3486-3492. [PMID: 18454542 DOI: 10.1021/jf072926x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple oxygraphic method, for which the theoretical and experimental bases have been recently revised, has been successfully applied to evaluate the peroxyl radical chain-breaking characteristics of some typical food antioxidants in micelle systems, among which is a system that reproduces conditions present in the upper part of the digestive tract, where the absorption and digestion of lipids occur. This method permits one to obtain from a single experimental run the peroxyl radical trapping capacity (PRTC, that is, the number of moles of peroxyl radicals trapped by a given amount of food), the peroxyl radical trapping efficiency (PRTE, that is, the reciprocal of the amount of food that reduces to half the steady-state concentration of peroxyl radicals), and the half-life of the antioxidant ( t(1/2)) when only a small fraction of peroxyl radicals reacts with the antioxidants present in foods. Examples of application of the method to various types of foodstuffs have been reported, assessing the general validity of the method in the simple and fast evaluation of the above-reported fundamental antioxidant characteristics of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rossetto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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26
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Musialik M, Kita M, Litwinienko G. Initiation of lipid autoxidation by ABAP at pH 4–10 in SDS micelles. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:677-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b715089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Opländer C, Cortese MM, Korth HG, Kirsch M, Mahotka C, Wetzel W, Pallua N, Suschek CV. The impact of nitrite and antioxidants on ultraviolet-A-induced cell death of human skin fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:818-29. [PMID: 17664145 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO(2)(-)) occurs ubiquitously in biological fluids such as blood and sweat. Ultraviolet A-induced nitric oxide formation via decomposition of cutaneous nitrite, accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS), represents an important source for NO in human skin physiology. Examining the impact of nitrite and the antioxidants glutathione (GSH), Trolox (TRL), and ascorbic acid (ASC) on UVA-induced toxicity of human skin fibroblasts (FB) we found that NO(2)(-) concentration-dependently enhances the susceptibility of FB to the toxic effects of UVA by a mechanism comprising enhanced induction of lipid peroxidation. While ASC completely protects FB cultures from UVA/NO(2)(-)-induced cell damage, GSH or TRL excessively enhances UVA/NO(2)(-)-induced cell death by a mechanism comprising nitrite concentration-dependent TRL radical formation or GSH-derived oxidative stress. Simultaneously, in the presence of GSH or TRL the mode of UVA/NO(2)(-)-induced cell death changes from apoptosis to necrosis. In summary, during photodecomposition of nitrite, ROS or RNS formation may act as strong toxic insults. Although inhibition of oxidative stress by NO and other antioxidants represents a successful strategy for protection from UVA/NO(2)(-)-induced injuries, GSH and TRL may nitrite-dependently aggravate the injurious impact by TRL or GSH radical formation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Opländer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH-Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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28
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Nenadis N, Lazaridou O, Tsimidou MZ. Use of reference compounds in antioxidant activity assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:5452-60. [PMID: 17579432 DOI: 10.1021/jf070473q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The choice of reference compounds is examined as a "critical control point" of antioxidant activity assessment. Gallic, caffeic, sinapic, uric, and ascorbic acids, isoeugenol, and Trolox were tested using different redox (FRAP, Folin-Ciocalteu) and radical scavenging (DPPH*, ABTS*+, CBA, ORAC) assays. The ability to chelate transition metals was assessed to support some of the findings. Analytes were also tested in liposomes. On the basis of the findings, we do not recommend uric acid (due to solubility constrains) and ascorbic acid (due to fast degradation kinetics) as references. The behavior of the rest of the compounds could not always be attributed to typical structural characteristics. Selection of suitable reference compounds for in vitro antioxidant activity assays is not an easy task to achieve. The choice of reference compounds has to remain at the convenience of the researchers, with regard to the aim of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Nenadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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29
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Zennaro L, Rossetto M, Vanzani P, De Marco V, Scarpa M, Battistin L, Rigo A. A method to evaluate capacity and efficiency of water soluble antioxidants as peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 462:38-46. [PMID: 17466929 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on a method to evaluate the activity of water soluble and H-atom donor antioxidants as peroxyl radical scavengers in a micelle system reproducing the conditions occurring in the upper small intestine in humans, during digestion and absorption of lipids. This method, which overcomes some of the problems of the total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) assays, measures the peroxyl radical trapping capacity (n) and the peroxyl radical trapping efficiency IC50(-1) of antioxidants, that is the number "n" of peroxyl radicals trapped by one molecule of the studied antioxidant and the reciprocal of the antioxidant concentration that halves the steady-state concentration of peroxyl radicals, respectively. These two fundamental parameters characterizing the radical chain breaking of many water soluble antioxidants, among which dietary polyphenols, can be obtained with relatively good precision from a single experiment, on the basis of a rigorous treatment of the kinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Zennaro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, viale G Colombo 3, Padova, Italy
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30
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Minasyan SH, Ghazaryan SH, Tonoyan VJ, Bajinyan SA, Grigoryan KP, Sorenson JRJ, Greenaway FT. Synthesis, Characterization, and Measurement of Antioxidant Reactivity of Salicylidene‐D,L‐Tyrosine Ethyl Ester and Copper(II)(Salicylidene‐D,L‐Tyrosine Ethyl Ester)2 in a Linoleic Acid Peroxidation Reaction System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15533170600732718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Minasyan
- a Institute of Chemical Physics, Armenian National Academy of Sciences , Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S. H. Ghazaryan
- b Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry, Armenian National Academy of Sciences , Yerevan, Armenia
| | - V. J. Tonoyan
- c Research Center of Radiation Medicine and Burns, Ministry of Health , Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S. A. Bajinyan
- c Research Center of Radiation Medicine and Burns, Ministry of Health , Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K. P. Grigoryan
- b Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry, Armenian National Academy of Sciences , Yerevan, Armenia
| | - J. R. J. Sorenson
- d Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas, Medical Sciences Campus , Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - F. T. Greenaway
- e Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Clark University , Worcester, MA, USA
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31
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XIONG SHUANGLI, JIN ZHENGYU. THE FREE RADICAL-SCAVENGING PROPERTY OF CHONDROITIN SULFATE FROM PIG LARYNGEAL CARTILAGE IN VITRO. J Food Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Yamada T, Shimomura Y, Hiraoka Y, Kimbara K. Oxidative stress by biphenyl metabolites induces inhibition of bacterial cell separation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:452-7. [PMID: 16733731 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell separation of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading bacterium Comamonas testosteroni TK102 was monitored by flow cytometry. When monohydroxy metabolites of biphenyl (BP) (2-hydroxybiphenyl and 3-hydroxybiphenyl) were added to the culture, cell-cell separation of strain TK102 was inhibited at stationary phase. This inhibition was reproduced on non-PCB degrading bacteria such as Pseudomonas putida PpY101 and Escherichia coli MV1184, but was not observed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. An opportunistic pathogen, P. aeruginosa PAO1, produces exopolysaccharide, which is known to scavenge damaging chemicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). The higher level of ROS and lipid peroxidants were detected in the cells treated by monohydroxybiphenyls. Fat-soluble vitamin E, which is a lipid radical scavenger, maintained bacterial cell separation during monohydroxybiphenyls treatment. Our results demonstrated that intracellular oxidative stress played an important role in the inhibition of bacterial cell separation during BP metabolism. This study shows that metabolites of environmental pollutants, such as monohydroxylated BP, inhibit bacterial cell separation by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamada
- Department of Built Environment, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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34
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Abstract
Our understanding of the role of vitamin E in human nutrition, health, and disease has broadened and changed over the past two decades. Viewed initially as nature's most potent lipid-soluble antioxidant (and discovered for its crucial role in mammalian reproduction) we have now come to realize that vitamin E action has many more facets, depending on the physiological context. Although mainly acting as an antioxidant, vitamin E can also be a pro-oxidant; it can even have nonantioxidant functions: as a signaling molecule, as a regulator of gene expression, and, possibly, in the prevention of cancer and atherosclerosis. Since the term vitamin E encompasses a group of eight structurally related tocopherols and tocotrienols, individual isomers have different propensities with respect to these novel, nontraditional roles. The particular beneficial effects of the individual isomers have to be considered when dissecting the physiological impact of dietary vitamin E or supplements (mainly containing only the alpha-tocopherol isomer) in clinical trials. These considerations are also relevant for the design of transgenic crop plants with the goal of enhancing vitamin E content because an engineered biosynthetic pathway may be biased toward formation of one isomer. In contrast to the tremendous recent advances in knowledge of vitamin E chemistry and biology, there is little hard evidence from clinical and epidemiologic studies on the beneficial effects of supplementation with vitamin E beyond the essential requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA.
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35
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Sanchez C, Shane RA, Paul T, Ingold KU. Oxidative damage to a supercoiled DNA by water soluble peroxyl radicals characterized with DNA repair enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2003; 16:1118-23. [PMID: 12971799 DOI: 10.1021/tx030024u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Earlier work (Paul, T., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 4129-4135) has demonstrated that the water soluble positively charged peroxyl radical, (H(2)N)(2)(+)CC(CH(3))(2)OO(*) ((+)AOO(*)), caused direct strand scission of the Escherichia coli plasmid supercoiled DNA, pBR 322, with ca. 50% scission occurring at a (+)AOO(*)/base pair (bp) ratio of 0.2. There was no measurable direct scission with a negatively charged peroxyl ((-)BOO(*)) at (-)BOO(*)/bp = 24, nor with a neutral peroxyl (COO(*)) at COO(*)/bp = 5. Base modification (BM) of the same DNA by the same peroxyls has now been investigated using four base excision repair (BER) glycosylases. At (+)AOO(*)/bp = 0.04, there is 10% direct strand scission, and the Fpg protein recognized an additional 25% BM, while endonuclease (Endo) IV recognized an additional 20% BM and the other two BER enzymes did not give statistically significant BMs. None of the BER enzymes showed BMs in the DNA treated with -BOO(*). However, Fpg and Endo IV showed that at COO(*)/bp = 3.4 there was a BM comparable to that observed at (+)AOO(*)/bp = 0.04. Thus, COO(*) radicals are only ca. 1.2% as reactive toward the DNA's bases as (+)AOO(*). These results underline the importance of Coulombic forces in DNA reactions. It is also proposed that (+)AOO(*) has a higher intrinsic reactivity in H-atom abstractions and electron transfer processes than (-)BOO(*) or COO(*) radicals.
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Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ. Radical-radical reactions of superoxide: a potential route to toxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 305:729-36. [PMID: 12763053 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide reacts with many radicals, such as phenoxyl radicals, at near diffusion-controlled rates. These reactions are usually considered to be repair processes and have received little biological attention. However, addition of superoxide to give hydroperoxides and secondary oxidation products can also occur. The relative contributions of addition and repair vary depending on the properties of the phenol. With tyrosine, addition to give tyrosine hydroperoxide predominates, but in peptides the efficiency of hydroperoxide formation depends on the proximity of free amine groups. Radicals from other phenolic compounds, such as alpha-tocopherol and serotonin, also undergo addition reactions with superoxide. Physiologically, these reactions are likely to be more significant than dimerization when both radicals are generated together. They warrant attention as potential contributors to superoxide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Winterbourn
- Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Fowler G, Daroszewska M, Ingold KU. Melatonin does not "directly scavenge hydrogen peroxide": demise of another myth. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34:77-83. [PMID: 12498982 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have reexamined claims that melatonin directly scavenges hydrogen peroxide and shown them to be unfounded. Relative hydrogen peroxide concentrations were determined in the absence and presence of melatonin using both an isoluminol-based chemiluminescence assay (with measurements at circa 40 s, 6 h, and 24 h after mixing) and the phenol red/horseradish peroxidase assay employed by two earlier groups of workers (with measurements at 5 s, then every minute for the first 5 min, and then every hour to 5 h). Both assay procedures were in agreement. There was no significant change in the hydrogen peroxide concentrations over 24 h, and, furthermore, the concentrations of H(2)O(2) in the presence and absence of melatonin were the same within experimental error. Our results were obtained in metal ion-free systems. It therefore appears likely that the claims for a direct melatonin/H(2)O(2) reaction were due to contamination by traces of transition metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Fowler
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Bedard LL, Smith GBJ, Reid KR, Petsikas D, Massey TE. Investigation of the role of lipoxygenase in bioactivation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in human lung. Chem Res Toxicol 2002; 15:1267-73. [PMID: 12387624 DOI: 10.1021/tx025524m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
4-Methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent tobacco-specific carcinogen believed to play a role in human lung cancer. Bioactivation of NNK involves alpha-carbon hydroxylation that could be catalyzed by cytochrome P450, hemoglobin, and lipoxygenases (LOX). In the present study, the role of LOX in NNK bioactivation was investigated. Formation of keto acid, the endpoint metabolite of alpha-methylene NNK hydroxylation, was observed in human lung cytosols incubated with 4.2 microM [5-(3)H]NNK (N = 6). Following concanavalin A affinity chromatography to enrich human lung lipoxygenase (HLLO), the fraction containing cytosolic components less LOX (fraction 1) retained the ability to bioactivate NNK. Although enriched HLLO exhibited the characteristic dioxygenase and hydroperoxidase activities, it did not bioactivate NNK. The LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibited dioxygenase activity of HLLO by 83 +/- 19% (P < 0.05, N = 6), but did not inhibit keto acid formation in the crude cytosols (N = 6, P > 0.05). Failure of soybean LOX to catalyze NNK bioactivation supported the results observed in human lung cytosols, and failure of chemically generated alkylperoxyl radicals to bioactivate NNK further suggested that the dioxygenase activity of LOX is not likely to be involved in NNK bioactivation. Horseradish peroxidase and myeloperoxidase catalyzed NNK bioactivation were also nondetectable. Our results demonstrate that, although human lung cytosols can bioactivate NNK to form keto acid, LOX is not involved. We have attributed the ability of crude human lung cytosols to bioactivate NNK to hemoglobin. The inhibitory effect of 1-aminobenzotriazole and arachidonic acid on keto acid formation in the crude cytosols and in fraction 1, respectively (P < 0.05, N = 6), is consistent with hemoglobin-catalyzed NNK bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne L Bedard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Shane RA, Ingold KU. Cleavage of supercoiled DNA by horseradish peroxidase plus tert-butyl hydroperoxide is not due to tert-butylperoxyl radicals. Chem Res Toxicol 2002; 15:1324-9. [PMID: 12387632 DOI: 10.1021/tx020043o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two supercoiled (SC), double-stranded DNAs, pBR 322 and pUC 19, have been subjected to oxidative stress using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and HRP + tert-butyl hydroperoxide (BOOH). HRP alone causes single-strand cleavage of these SC DNAs. Strand cleavage is enhanced substantially in the presence of commercial BOOH (which contains H(2)O(2)) but is, at best, only very slightly enhanced in the presence of pure BOOH. In the HRP/pure BOOH system, the DNA single-strand-scission which does occur appears to be due to a direct action of oxidized HRP. It is not due to tert-butylperoxyl radicals because strand-scision is not even retarded by 10 mM Trolox, an outstanding water-soluble trap for peroxyl radicals. The present results are congruent with our earlier conclusion [Paul, T., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 4129] that neutral alkylperoxyl radicals produce little or no direct single-strand-scission in SC DNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Adam Shane
- National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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Alessi M, Paul T, Scaiano JC, Ingold KU. The contrasting kinetics of peroxidation of vitamin E-containing phospholipid unilamellar vesicles and human low-density lipoprotein. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:6957-65. [PMID: 12059219 DOI: 10.1021/ja0127178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that alpha-tocopherol, TocH, is an outstanding lipid-soluble, peroxyl radical trapping antioxidant in homogeneous systems. It is also well established that TocH functions as a prooxidant in human low-density lipoprotein, LDL, subjected to attack by peroxyl radicals generated in the aqueous phase by, for example, thermal decomposition of the azo compound, ABAP. This tocopherol-mediated peroxidation, TMP, of LDL involves a three-step chain reaction, one step being hydrogen atom abstraction from the LDL lipids by the tocopheroxyl radical, Toc*. The occurrence of TMP has been attributed to three factors, (i) translocation by TocH of radical character from the aqueous phase into LDL lipid, (ii) isolation of the water-insoluble Toc* in the LDL particle in which it is formed for times sufficient to permit it to react with the lipid, and (iii) the small lipid volume of LDL which ensures that no particle can contain more than a single radical for a significant length of time. This consensus view of TMP implies that it should occur in any TocH-containing dispersion of small lipid particles. However, the present examination of the kinetics of the ABAP-initiated peroxidation of small unilamellar vesicles, SUVs, made from palmitoyllinoleoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol with a composition designed to mimic the surface coat of LDL, has shown that TocH functions as an antioxidant in such systems and that TMP does not occur under conditions where it would have occurred if the particles had been LDL. Several possible reasons for the kinetic differences between SUVs and LDL have been considered and ruled out by experiment. It is concluded that TMP can occur in LDL because these particles contain a lipid core in which the Toc* radical "hides" for much of its lifetime well away from the peroxyl radicals in the aqueous phase. In contrast, because SUVs have no lipid core, the Toc(*) radical is always "exposed" and available to aqueous peroxyl radicals with which it reacts rapidly and is destroyed before it can abstract a hydrogen atom from the lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Alessi
- National Research Council of Canada and the Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
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Zhang L, Dolbier WR, Sheeller B, Ingold KU. Absolute rate constants of alkene addition reactions of a fluorinated radical in water. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:6362-6. [PMID: 12033866 DOI: 10.1021/ja0256010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Absolute rate constants of *R(f)SO(3)(-) radical addition to a series of water-soluble alkenes containing ionic, carboxylate substituents were measured by laser flash photolysis experiments in water. The observed rate constants were all considerably larger than those of structurally similar analogues in a nonpolar organic solvent, with rate factors of 3-9-fold being observed. It is concluded that such rate enhancements derive at least in part from stabilization of the polar transition state for addition of the electrophilic fluorinated radical to alkenes by the polar solvent water.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA
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