1
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Zhou Y, Wensink NH, Pécharman AF, Miloserdov FM. Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium(BINAP)(PPh 3). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318684. [PMID: 38334325 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ru(BINAP)(PPh3)HCl cleanly reacts with LiCH2TMS to give Ru(BINAP)(PPh3) (1) that has been fully characterized, including by X-ray diffraction (BINAP and TMS stand for (2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl and trimethylsilyl respectively). In sharp contrast with other carbonyl-free phosphine complexes of Ru(0), 1 demonstrates a strikingly high thermal stability and no propensity for intramolecular C-H activation (cyclometalation). Yet 1 coordinates acetonitrile and readily exchanges its PPh3 ligand with alkenes and dienes, thus behaving like a "masked" 16-e Ru(0) species. Electron-poor alkenes coordinate more readily than electron-rich ones, which testifies for the nucleophilic character of the Ru(0)-BINAP fragment. While being thermally stable, 1 is highly reactive and is capable of activating C-H and N-H bonds, and even of cleaving an inert N-Et bond. The combination of high reactivity and stability originates from the P,arene-chelation by the BINAP ligand, i.e., the coordinated π-arene stabilizes Ru(0) to prevent cyclometalation, yet it can slide upon substrate coordination, thereby enabling a variety of inert bond activation reactions to occur under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Niels H Wensink
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fedor M Miloserdov
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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2
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Kim SF, Schwarz H, Jurczyk J, Nebgen BR, Hendricks H, Park H, Radosevich A, Zuerch MW, Harper K, Lux MC, Yeung CS, Sarpong R. Mechanistic Investigation, Wavelength-Dependent Reactivity, and Expanded Reactivity of N-Aryl Azacycle Photomediated Ring Contractions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5580-5596. [PMID: 38347659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Under mild blue-light irradiation, α-acylated saturated heterocycles undergo a photomediated one-atom ring contraction that extrudes a heteroatom from the cyclic core. However, for nitrogenous heterocycles, this powerful skeletal edit has been limited to substrates bearing electron-withdrawing substituents on nitrogen. Moreover, the mechanism and wavelength-dependent efficiency of this transformation have remained unclear. In this work, we increased the electron richness of nitrogen in saturated azacycles to improve light absorption and strengthen critical intramolecular hydrogen bonding while enabling the direct installation of the photoreactive handle. As a result, a broadly expanded substrate scope, including underexplored electron-rich substrates and previously unsuccessful heterocycles, has now been achieved. The significantly improved yields and diastereoselectivities have facilitated reaction rate, kinetic isotope effect (KIE), and quenching studies, in addition to the determination of quantum yields. Guided by these studies, we propose a revised ET/PT mechanism for the ring contraction, which is additionally corroborated by computational characterization of the lowest-energy excited states of α-acylated substrates through time-dependent DFT. The efficiency of the ring contraction at wavelengths longer than those strongly absorbed by the substrates was investigated through wavelength-dependent rate measurements, which revealed a red shift of the photochemical action plot relative to substrate absorbance. The elucidated mechanistic and photophysical details effectively rationalize empirical observations, including additive effects, that were previously poorly understood. Our findings not only demonstrate enhanced synthetic utility of the photomediated ring contraction and shed light on mechanistic details but may also offer valuable guidance for understanding wavelength-dependent reactivity for related photochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung F Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Henrik Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin Jurczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bailey R Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hailey Hendricks
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hojoon Park
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrew Radosevich
- Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael W Zuerch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kaid Harper
- Process Chemistry, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michaelyn C Lux
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Zhang T, Jiang S, Qian MY, Zhou QL, Xiao LJ. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3458-3470. [PMID: 38270100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ligand modulation of transition-metal catalysts to achieve optimal reactivity and selectivity in alkene hydrofunctionalization is a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Hydroaminoalkylation, an atom-economical approach for alkylating amines using alkenes, is particularly significant for amine synthesis in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries. However, the existing methods usually require specific substrate combinations to achieve precise regio- and stereoselectivity, which limits their practical utility. Protocols allowing for regiodivergent hydroaminoalkylation from the same starting materials, controlling both regiochemical and stereochemical outcomes, are currently absent. Herein, we report a ligand-controlled, regiodivergent nickel-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes with N-sulfonyl amines. The reaction initiates with amine dehydrogenation and involves aza-nickelacycle intermediates. Tritert-butylphosphine promotes branched regioselectivity and syn diastereoselectivity, whereas ethyldiphenylphosphine enables linear selectivity, yielding regioisomers with inverse orientation. Systematic evaluation of diverse monodentate phosphine ligands reveals distinct regioselectivity cliffs, and % Vbur (min), a ligand steric descriptor, was established as a predictive parameter correlating ligand structure to regioselectivity. Computational investigations supported experimental findings, offering mechanistic insights into the origins of regioselectivity. Our method provides an efficient and predictable route for amine synthesis, demonstrating broad substrate scope, excellent tolerance toward various functional groups, and practical advantages. These include the use of readily available starting materials and cost-effective nickel(II) salts as precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng-Ying Qian
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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Thoben N, Kaper T, de Graaff S, Gerhards L, Schmidtmann M, Klüner T, Beckhaus R, Doye S. Density Functional Theory Calculations for Multiple Conformers Explaining the Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Ti-Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation Reactions. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300370. [PMID: 37326019 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for multiple conformers of the insertion reactions of a methylenecyclopropane into the Ti-C bond of two differently α-substituted titanaaziridines explain the experimentally observed differences in regioselectivity between catalytic hydroaminoalkylation reactions of methylenecyclopropanes with α-phenyl-substituted secondary amines and corresponding stoichiometric reactions of a methylenecyclopropane with titanaaziridines, which can only be achieved with α-unsubstituted titanaaziridines. In addition, the lack of reactivity of α-phenyl-substituted titanaaziridines as well as the diastereoselectivity of the catalytic and stoichiometric reactions can be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Thoben
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kaper
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Simon de Graaff
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institut für Physik, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Klüner
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sven Doye
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Wang X, Xue J, Rong ZQ. Divergent Access to Chiral C2- and C3-Alkylated Pyrrolidines by Catalyst-Tuned Regio- and Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37307532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel-substituted pyrrolidine derivatives are widely used in drugs and bioactive molecules. The efficient synthesis of these valuable skeletons, especially enantiopure derivatives, is still recognized as a key bottleneck to overcome in chemical synthesis. Herein, we report a highly efficient catalyst-tuned regio- and enantioselective hydroalkylation reaction for the divergent synthesis of chiral C2- and C3-alkylated pyrrolidines through desymmetrization of the readily available 3-pyrrolines. The catalytic system consists of CoBr2 with a modified bisoxazoline (BOX) ligand, which can achieve the asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling via the distal stereocontrol, providing a series of C3-alkylated pyrrolidines in high efficiency. Moreover, the nickel catalytic system allows the enantioselective hydroalkylation to synthesize the C2-alkylated pyrrolidines through the tandem alkene isomerization/hydroalkylation reaction. This divergent method uses readily available catalysts, chiral BOX ligands, and reagents, delivering enantioenriched 2-/3-alkyl substituted pyrrolidines with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee). We also demonstrate the compatibility of this transformation with complex substrates derived from a series of drugs and bioactive molecules in good efficiency, which offers a distinct entry to more functionalized chiral N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Rong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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6
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Thowfik S, Afsina CMA, Anilkumar G. Ruthenium-catalyzed hydroarylation reactions as the strategy towards the synthesis of alkylated arenes and substituted alkenes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6246-6263. [PMID: 36825293 PMCID: PMC9942110 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed hydroarylation reactions are always powerful tools in organic synthesis since they can form C-C or C-heteroatom bonds in an atom and step economic manner. Medicinally and biologically relevant scaffolds can be easily and efficiently synthesized using this strategy. By tuning the directing groups that are present on the arenes, regioselectivity can be induced to the C-H activation. Metals like cobalt, rhodium and ruthenium are well known as catalysts in this type of reaction. But due to their easy availability and efficiency, Ru catalysts are found to be more preferable for hydroarylation purposes. In this review, the Ru-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkenes and alkynes, intramolecular Ru-catalyzed hydroarylation of olefin tethered arenes, modifications in the catalytic system to improve the catalytic efficiency, and carboxylate-assisted Ru-catalyzed hydroarylation reactions are discussed in detail, covering literature from 2016 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Thowfik
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi UniversityPriyadarsini Hills P OKottayamKerala686560India
| | - C. M. A. Afsina
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi UniversityPriyadarsini Hills P OKottayamKerala686560India(+91) 481-2731036
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
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7
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Barranco S, Pérez-Temprano MH. Merging homogeneous transition metal catalysis and hydrogen isotope exchange. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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8
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Tang X, Tak RK, Noda H, Shibasaki M. A Missing Link in Multisubstituted Pyrrolidines: Remote Stereocontrol Forged by Rhodium‐Alkyl Nitrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212421. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tang
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Raj K. Tak
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
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9
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Sakamoto K, Nishimura T. Asymmetric addition of an N-methyl C(sp 3)-H bond to cyclic alkenes enabled by an iridium/phosphine-olefin catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11783-11786. [PMID: 36172832 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric C-H addition of an N-methyl group on 3-trifluoromethyl-2-(N-methylamino)pyridine to cyclic alkenes was realized by using a phosphine-olefin ligand. Indene and its 7-substituted derivatives, acenaphthylene, and some bicyclic alkenes underwent the addition to give the corresponding products in good yields with high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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10
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Yamauchi D, Yamakawa K, Nishimura T. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Direct α-C–H Alkylation of Saturated Cyclic Amines with Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:6828-6833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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11
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Mandal D, Roychowdhury S, Biswas JP, Maiti S, Maiti D. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond alkylation using olefins: recent advances and mechanistic aspects. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7358-7426. [PMID: 35912472 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00923k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysis has contributed immensely to C-C bond formation reactions over the last few decades, and alkylation is no exception. The superiority of such methodologies over traditional alkylation is evident from minimal reaction steps, shorter reaction times, and atom economy while also allowing control over regio- and stereo-selectivity. In particular, hydrocarbonation of alkenes has grabbed increased attention due its fundamental ability to effectively and selectively synthesise a wide range of industrially and pharmaceutically relevant moieties. This review attempts to provide a scientific viewpoint and a systematic analysis of the recent developments in transition-metal-catalyzed alkylation of various C-H bonds using simple and activated olefins. The key features and mechanistic studies involved in these transformations are described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Sumali Roychowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Siddhartha Maiti
- School of Bioengineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Bhopal University, Bhopal-Indore Highway, Kothrikalan, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh-466114, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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12
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Xu XJ, Amuti A, Hu WJ, Adelibieke Q, Wusiman A. TEMPO-Promoted Mono- and Bisimidation of Tertiary Anilines: Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric N-Mannich Bases. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9011-9022. [PMID: 35749377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A TEMPO-promoted method was developed for the synthesis of symmetric bis-N-Mannich bases via sequential activation of two α,α'-amino C(sp3)-H bonds of N,N-dimethylanilines under mild conditions. This methodology was further extended for monoimidation of α-amino-functionalized methylanilines to give unsymmetric N-Mannich bases in good to high yields. Several control experiments were performed, and the coupling reaction outcomes indicated that the oxoammonium (TEMPO+) species is involved in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Juan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P. R. of China
| | - Adila Amuti
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P. R. of China
| | - Wen Jing Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P. R. of China
| | - Qiaerbati Adelibieke
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P. R. of China
| | - Abudureheman Wusiman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P. R. of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, Urumqi 830054, People's Republic of China
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13
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DiPucchio RC, Rosca SC, Schafer LL. Hydroaminoalkylation for the Catalytic Addition of Amines to Alkenes or Alkynes: Diverse Mechanisms Enable Diverse Substrate Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11459-11481. [PMID: 35731810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydroaminoalkylation is a powerful, atom-economic catalytic reaction for the reaction of amines with alkenes and alkynes. This C-H functionalization reaction allows for the atom-economic alkylation of amines using simple alkenes or alkynes as the alkylating agents. This transformation has significant potential for transformative approaches in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries in the preparation of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles and shows promise in materials science for the synthesis of functional and responsive aminated materials. Different early transition-metal, late transition-metal, and photoredox catalysts mediate hydroaminoalkylation by distinct mechanistic pathways. These mechanistic insights have resulted in the development of new catalysts and reaction conditions to realize hydroaminoalkylation with a broad range of substrates: activated and unactivated, terminal and internal, C-C double and triple bonds with aryl or alkyl primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, including N-heterocyclic amines. By deploying select catalysts with specific substrate combinations, control over regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity has been realized. Key barriers to widespread adoption of this reaction include air and moisture sensitivity for early transition-metal catalysts as well as a heavy dependence on amine protecting or directing groups for late transition-metal or photocatalytic routes. Advances in improved catalyst robustness, substrate scope, and regio-/stereoselective reactions with early- and late transition-metal catalysts, as well as photoredox catalysis, are highlighted, and opportunities for further catalyst and reaction development are included. This perspective shows that hydroaminoalkylation has the potential to be a disruptive and transformative strategy for the synthesis of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles from simple amines and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C DiPucchio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Sorin-Claudiu Rosca
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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14
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Logeswaran R, Jeganmohan M. Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed, Chelation‐Assisted C−H Alkenylation and Allylation of Organic Molecules with Unactivated Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Zheng J, Tang N, Xie H, Breit B. Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Hydroaminoalkylation of Dienol Ethers Enabled by Dual Palladium/Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200105. [PMID: 35170841 PMCID: PMC9314026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) of alkenes have emerged as a powerful method for the construction of alkyl amines. Although there are some studies aiming at stereoselective photocatalytic HAA reactions, the alkenes are limited to electrophilic alkenes. Herein, we report a highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective HAA of electron-rich dienol ethers and α-amino radicals derived from α-amino acids using a unified photoredox and palladium catalytic system. This decarboxylative 1,2-Markovnikov addition enables the construction of vicinal amino tertiary ethers with high levels of regio- (up to >19 : 1 rr), diastereo- (up to >19 : 1 dr), and enantioselectivity control (up to >99 % ee). Mechanistic studies support a reversible hydropalladation as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
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16
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Saadati F, Griffin SE, Schafer LL. Guanidinate Early-Transition-Metal Complexes: Efficient and Selective Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Saadati
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan M9PX+FX7, Iran
| | - Samuel E. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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17
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Zheng J, Tang N, Xie H, Breit B. Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Hydro‐aminoalkylation of Dienol Ethers Enabled by Dual Palladium/Pho‐toredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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18
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Sun LZ, Yang X, Li NN, Li M, Ouyang Q, Xie JB. Rhodium-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Azetidines via Domino Conjugate Addition/N-Directed α-C(sp 3)-H Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:1883-1888. [PMID: 35266389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthetic method for 4-aryl-4,5-dihydropyrrole-3-carboxylates is developed, with a rhodium-catalyzed ring expansion strategy from readily available 2-(azetidin-3-ylidene) acetates and aryl boronic acids. Mechanistic investigations suggest a novel domino "conjugate addition/N-directed α-C(sp3)-H activation" process. The asymmetric catalytic synthesis of the 4-aryl-4,5-dihydropyrrole-3-carboxylate is realized by using QuinoxP* (91-97% ee). The synthetic utility of this protocol is demonstrated by the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted or 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidines with excellent diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zhi Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nan-Nan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jian-Bo Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Tamilthendral V, Balamurugan G, Ramesh R, Malecki JG. Ru(II)–NNO pincer‐type complexes catalysed E‐olefination of alkyl‐substituted quinolines/pyrazines utilizing primary alcohols. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veerappan Tamilthendral
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gunasekaran Balamurugan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rengan Ramesh
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Malecki
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry University of Silesia Katowice Poland
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20
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Liu B, Romine AM, Rubel CZ, Engle KM, Shi BF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Coordination-Assisted Functionalization of Nonactivated C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14957-15074. [PMID: 34714620 PMCID: PMC8968411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed, coordination-assisted C(sp3)-H functionalization has revolutionized synthetic planning over the past few decades as the use of these directing groups has allowed for increased access to many strategic positions in organic molecules. Nonetheless, several challenges remain preeminent, such as the requirement for high temperatures, the difficulty in removing or converting directing groups, and, although many metals provide some reactivity, the difficulty in employing metals outside of palladium. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of coordination-assisted, transition-metal-catalyzed, direct functionalization of nonactivated C(sp3)-H bonds by covering the literature since 2004 in order to demonstrate the current state-of-the-art methods as well as the current limitations. For clarity, this review has been divided into nine sections by the transition metal catalyst with subdivisions by the type of bond formation. Synthetic applications and reaction mechanism are discussed where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd., Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Andrew M. Romine
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Camille Z. Rubel
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,Corresponding Author- (K. M. E.); (B.-F. S.)
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd., Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China,Corresponding Author- (K. M. E.); (B.-F. S.)
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21
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Ding C, Ren Y, Sun C, Long J, Yin G. Regio- and Stereoselective Alkylboration of Endocyclic Olefins Enabled by Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20027-20034. [PMID: 34734714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas there is a significant interest in the rapid construction of diversely substituted saturated heterocycles, direct and modular access is currently limited to the mono-, 2,3-, or 3,4-substitution pattern. This Communication describes the straightforward and modular construction of 2,4-substituted saturated heterocycles from readily available materials in a highly stereo- and regioselective manner, which sets the stage for numerous readily accessible drug motifs. The strategy relies on chain walking catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyu Ren
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Caocao Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Long
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
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22
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Yamauchi D, Nakamura I, Nishimura T. Iridium-catalyzed enantioselective addition of an N-methyl C-H bond to α-trifluoromethylstyrenes via C-H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11787-11790. [PMID: 34676848 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Ir-catalyzed enantioselective addition of an N-methyl C-H bond of 2-(methylamino)pyridine derivatives to α-trifluoromethylstyrenes proceeded via C-H activation to give chiral γ-branched amine derivatives having a trifluoromethyl-substituted stereocenter. It was found that a bulky and electron-withdrawing group at the 3-position of 2-(methylamino)pyridines was necessary for the present C-H addition reaction catalyzed by a cationic iridium/chiral bisphosphine complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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23
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Ni-catalyzed hydroalkylation of olefins with N-sulfonyl amines. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5881. [PMID: 34620857 PMCID: PMC8497516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroalkylation, the direct addition of a C(sp3)–H bond across an olefin, is a desirable strategy to produce valuable, complex structural motifs in functional materials, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. Herein, we report a reliable method for accessing α-branched amines via nickel-catalyzed hydroalkylation reactions. Specifically, by using bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel (Ni(cod)2) together with a phosphine ligand, we achieved a formal C(sp3)–H bond insertion reaction between olefins and N-sulfonyl amines without the need for an external hydride source. The amine not only provides the alkyl motif but also delivers hydride to the olefin by means of a nickel-engaged β–hydride elimination/reductive elimination process. This method provides a platform for constructing chiral α-branched amines by using a P-chiral ligand, demonstrating its potential utility in organic synthesis. Notably, a sulfonamidyl boronate complex formed in situ under basic conditions promotes ring-opening of the azanickellacycle reaction intermediate, leading to a significant improvement of the catalytic efficiency. Catalytic addition of a carbon chain and a hydrogen across a double bond has often required an added hydride source. Here the authors show a method to add alkanes with an amino functionality to olefins, wherein a nickel catalyst uses the amine itself as the hydride source, obviating an external hydride reagent.
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24
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Pannilawithana N, Pudasaini B, Baik MH, Yi CS. Experimental and Computational Studies on the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrative C-H Coupling of Phenols with Aldehydes for the Synthesis of 2-Alkylphenol, Benzofuran, and Xanthene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13428-13440. [PMID: 34428913 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cationic Ru-H complex [(C6H6)(PCy3)(CO)RuH]+BF4- (1) was found to be an effective catalyst for the dehydrative C-H coupling reaction of phenols and aldehydes to form 2-alkylphenol products. The coupling reaction of phenols with branched aldehydes selectively formed 1,1-disubstituted benzofurans, while the coupling reaction with salicylaldehydes yielded xanthene derivatives. A normal deuterium isotope effect was observed from the coupling reaction of 3-methoxyphenol with benzaldehyde and 2-propanol/2-propanol-d8 (kH/kD = 2.3 ± 0.3). The carbon isotope effect was observed on the benzylic carbon of the alkylation product from the coupling reaction of 3-methoxyphenol with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (C(3) 1.021(3)) and on both benzylic and ortho-arene carbons from the coupling reaction with 4-trifluorobenzaldehdye (C(2) 1.017(3), C(3) 1.011(2)). The Hammett plot from the coupling reaction of 3-methoxyphenol with para-substituted benzaldehydes p-X-C6H4CHO (X = OMe, Me, H, F, Cl, CF3) displayed a V-shaped linear slope. Catalytically relevant Ru-H complexes were observed by NMR from a stoichiometric reaction mixture of 1, 3-methoxyphenol, benzaldehyde, and 2-propanol in CD2Cl2. The DFT calculations provided a detailed catalysis mechanism featuring an electrophilic aromatic substitution of the aldehyde followed by the hydrogenolysis of the hydroxy group. The calculations also revealed a mechanistic rationale for the strong electronic effect of the benzaldehdye substrates p-X-C6H4CHO (X = OMe, CF3) in controlling the turnover-limiting step. The catalytic C-H coupling method provides an efficient synthetic protocol for 2-alkylphenols, 1,1-disubstituted benzofurans, and xanthene derivatives without employing any reactive reagents or forming wasteful byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan Pannilawithana
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 United States
| | - Bimal Pudasaini
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae S Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 United States
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25
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Valles DA, Dutta S, Paul A, Abboud KA, Ghiviriga I, Seidel D. α,α'-C-H Bond Difunctionalization of Unprotected Alicyclic Amines. Org Lett 2021; 23:6367-6371. [PMID: 34323490 PMCID: PMC8609614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple one-pot procedure enables the sequential, regioselective, and diastereoselective introduction of the same or two different substituents to the α- and α'-positions of unprotected azacycles. Aryl, alkyl, and alkenyl substituents are introduced via their corresponding organolithium compounds. The scope of this transformation includes pyrrolidines, piperidines, azepanes, and piperazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Valles
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Subhradeep Dutta
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Anirudra Paul
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Center for X-ray Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Center for NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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26
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DiPucchio RC, Lenzen KE, Daneshmand P, Ezhova MB, Schafer LL. Direct, Catalytic α-Alkylation of N-Heterocycles by Hydroaminoalkylation: Substrate Effects for Regiodivergent Product Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11243-11250. [PMID: 34278789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Saturated N-heterocycles are prevalent in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, yet remain challenging to catalytically alkylate. Most strategies for C-H activation of these challenging substrates use protected amines or high loadings of precious metal catalysts. We report an early transition-metal system for the broad, robust, and direct alkylation of unprotected amine heterocycles with simple alkenes. Short reaction times are achieved using an in situ generated tantalum catalyst that avoids the use of bases, excess substrate, or additives. In most cases, this catalyst system is selective for the branched reaction product, including examples of products that are generated with excellent diastereoselectivity. Alkene electronic properties can be exploited for substrate-modified regioselectivity to access the alternative linear amine alkylation product with a group 5 catalyst. This method allows for the facile isolation of unprotected N-heterocyclic products, as useful substrates for further reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C DiPucchio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Karst E Lenzen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Pargol Daneshmand
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Maria B Ezhova
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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27
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Santana CG, Krische MJ. From Hydrogenation to Transfer Hydrogenation to Hydrogen Auto-Transfer in Enantioselective Metal-Catalyzed Carbonyl Reductive Coupling: Past, Present, and Future. ACS Catal 2021; 11:5572-5585. [PMID: 34306816 PMCID: PMC8302072 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom-efficient processes that occur via addition, redistribution or removal of hydrogen underlie many large volume industrial processes and pervade all segments of chemical industry. Although carbonyl addition is one of the oldest and most broadly utilized methods for C-C bond formation, the delivery of non-stabilized carbanions to carbonyl compounds has relied on premetalated reagents or metallic/organometallic reductants, which pose issues of safety and challenges vis-à-vis large volume implementation. Catalytic carbonyl reductive couplings promoted via hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation and hydrogen auto-transfer allow abundant unsaturated hydrocarbons to serve as substitutes to organometallic reagents, enabling C-C bond formation in the absence of stoichiometric metals. This perspective (a) highlights past milestones in catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen transfer and hydrogen auto-transfer, (b) summarizes current methods for catalytic enantioselective carbonyl reductive couplings, and (c) describes future opportunities based on the patterns of reactivity that animate transformations of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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28
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Li L, Liu YC, Shi H. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Alkenylation of N-Sulfonyl Amines: Modular Access to Chiral α-Branched Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4154-4161. [PMID: 33691068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral α-branched amines are common structural motifs in functional materials, pharmaceuticals, and chiral catalysts. Therefore, developing efficient methods for preparing compounds with these privileged scaffolds is an important endeavor in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we describe an atom-economical, modular method for a nickel-catalyzed enantioselective α-alkenylation of readily available linear N-sulfonyl amines with alkynes to afford a wide variety of allylic amines without the need for exogenous oxidants, reductants, or activating reagents. The method provides a platform for constructing chiral α-branched amines as well as derivatives such as α-amino amides and β-amino alcohols, which can be conveniently accessed from the newly introduced alkene. Given the generality, versatility, and high atom economy of this method, we anticipate that it will have broad synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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29
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Warsitz M, Rohjans SH, Schmidtmann M, Doye S. Hydroaminoalkylation/Buchwald‐Hartwig Amination Sequences for the Synthesis of Novel Thieno‐ or Benzothieno‐Annulated Tetrahydropyridines, Tetrahydroazasilines, and Tetrahydroazasilepines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Warsitz
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Stefan H. Rohjans
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sven Doye
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
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30
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Paul A, Kim JH, Daniel SD, Seidel D. Diversification of Unprotected Alicyclic Amines by C-H Bond Functionalization: Decarboxylative Alkylation of Transient Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1625-1628. [PMID: 32975859 PMCID: PMC7854982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts by many practitioners in the field, methods for the direct α-C-H bond functionalization of unprotected alicyclic amines remain rare. A new advance in this area utilizes N-lithiated alicyclic amines. These readily accessible intermediates are converted to transient imines through the action of a simple ketone oxidant, followed by alkylation with a β-ketoacid under mild conditions to provide valuable β-amino ketones with unprecedented ease. Regioselective α'-alkylation is achieved for substrates with existing α-substituents. The method is further applicable to the convenient one-pot synthesis of polycyclic dihydroquinolones through the incorporation of a SN Ar step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Paul
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Current address: College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott D Daniel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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31
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Ramavath V, Rupanawar BD, More SG, Bansode AH, Suryavanshi G. Hypervalent iodine( iii) induced oxidative olefination of benzylamines using Wittig reagents. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed hypervalent iodine mediated oxidative olefination of 1° and 2° amines using 2C-Wittig reagents for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Ramavath
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Bapurao D. Rupanawar
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Satish G. More
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Ajay H. Bansode
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Gurunath Suryavanshi
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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32
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Ambre R, Wang TH, Xian A, Chen YS, Liang YF, Jurca T, Zhao L, Ong TG. Directing Group-Promoted Inert C-O Bond Activation Using Versatile Boronic Acid as a Coupling Agent. Chemistry 2020; 26:17021-17026. [PMID: 32926475 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple Ni(cod)2 and carbene mediated strategy facilitates the efficient catalytic cross-coupling of methoxyarenes with a variety of organoboron reagents. Directing groups facilitate the activation of inert C-O bonds in under-utilized aryl methyl ethers enabling their adaptation for C-C cross-coupling reactions as less toxic surrogates to the ubiquitous haloarenes. The method reported enables C-C cross-coupling with readily available and economical arylboronic acid reagents, which is unprecedented, and compares well with other organoboron reagents with similarly high reactivity. Extension to directing group assisted chemo-selective C-O bond cleavage, and further application towards the synthesis of novel bifunctionalized biaryls is reported. Key to the success of this protocol is the use of directing groups proximal to the reaction center to facilitate the activation of the inert C-OMe bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Ambre
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
| | - Ting-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
| | - Anmei Xian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shiuan Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
| | - Yu-Fu Liang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry and the Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC.,Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
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33
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Warsitz M, Doye S. Linear Hydroaminoalkylation Products from Alkyl-Substituted Alkenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:15121-15125. [PMID: 32643801 PMCID: PMC7756280 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective conversion of alkyl-substituted alkenes into linear hydroaminoalkylation products represents a strongly desirable synthetic transformation. In particular, such conversions of N-methylamine derivatives are of great scientific interest, because they would give direct access to important amines with unbranched alkyl chains. Herein, we present a new one-pot procedure that includes an initial alkene hydroaminoalkylation with an α-silylated amine substrate and a subsequent protodesilylation reaction that delivers linear hydroaminoalkylation products with high selectivity from simple alkyl-substituted alkenes. For that purpose, new titanium catalysts have been developed, which are able to activate the α-C-H bond of more challenging α-silylated amine substrates. In addition, a direct relationship between the ligand structure of the new catalysts and the obtained regioselectivity is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Warsitz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–1126129OldenburgGermany
| | - Sven Doye
- Institut für ChemieUniversität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–1126129OldenburgGermany
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34
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Paul A, Kim JH, Daniel SD, Seidel D. Diversification of Unprotected Alicyclic Amines by C−H Bond Functionalization: Decarboxylative Alkylation of Transient Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Paul
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Current address: College of Pharmacy Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Scott D. Daniel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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35
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Warsitz M, Doye S. Two‐Step Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐quinolines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Warsitz
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg Carl‐von‐Ossietzky‐Straße 9‐11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sven Doye
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg Carl‐von‐Ossietzky‐Straße 9‐11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
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36
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Harada S, Yanagawa M, Nemoto T. Dual-Functional Enone-Directing Group/Electrophile for Sequential C–C Bond Formation with α-Diazomalonates: A Short Synthesis of Chiral 3,4-Fused Tricyclic Indoles. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mai Yanagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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37
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Daneshmand P, Roşca SC, Dalhoff R, Yin K, DiPucchio RC, Ivanovich RA, Polat DE, Beauchemin AM, Schafer LL. Cyclic Ureate Tantalum Catalyst for Preferential Hydroaminoalkylation with Aliphatic Amines: Mechanistic Insights into Substrate Controlled Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15740-15750. [PMID: 32786765 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and catalytic amination of unactivated alkenes with simple secondary alkyl amines is preferentially achieved. A sterically accessible, N,O-chelated cyclic ureate tantalum catalyst was prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. This optimized catalyst can be used for the hydroaminoalkylation of 1-octene with a variety of aryl and alkyl amines, but notably enhanced catalytic activity can be realized with challenging N-alkyl secondary amine substrates. This catalyst offers turnover frequencies of up to 60 h-1, affording full conversion at 5 mol% catalyst loading in approximately 20 min with these nucleophilic amines. Mechanistic investigations, including kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies, reveal that catalytic turnover is limited by protonolysis of the intermediate 5-membered azametallacycle. A Hammett kinetic analysis shows that catalytic turnover is promoted by electron rich amine substrates that enable catalytic turnover. This more active catalyst is shown to be effective for late stage drug modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pargol Daneshmand
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sorin-Claudiu Roşca
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rosalie Dalhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kejun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rebecca C DiPucchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ryan A Ivanovich
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dilan E Polat
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - André M Beauchemin
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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38
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Fernández DF, Mascareñas JL, López F. Catalytic addition of C-H bonds across C-C unsaturated systems promoted by iridium(i) and its group IX congeners. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7378-7405. [PMID: 32926061 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00359j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed hydrocarbonations of unsaturated substrates have emerged as powerful synthetic tools for increasing molecular complexity in an atom-economical manner. Although this field was traditionally dominated by low valent rhodium and ruthenium catalysts, in recent years, there have been many reports based on the use of iridium complexes. In many cases, these reactions have a different course from those of their rhodium homologs, and even allow performing otherwise inviable transformations. In this review we aim to provide an informative journey, from the early pioneering examples in the field, most of them based on other metals than iridium, to the most recent transformations catalyzed by designed Ir(i) complexes. The review is organized by the type of C-H bond that is activated (with C sp2, sp or sp3), as well as by the C-C unsaturated partner that is used as a hydrocarbonation partner (alkyne, allene or alkene). Importantly, we discuss the mechanistic foundations of the methods highlighting the differences from those previously proposed for processes catalyzed by related metals, particularly those of the same group (Co and Rh).
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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39
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Zhang D, Iwai T, Sawamura M. Ir-Catalyzed Reversible Acceptorless Dehydrogenation/Hydrogenation of N-Substituted and Unsubstituted Heterocycles Enabled by a Polymer-Cross-Linking Bisphosphine. Org Lett 2020; 22:5240-5245. [PMID: 32610931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The polystyrene-cross-linking bisphosphine ligand PS-DPPBz was effective for the Ir-catalyzed reversible acceptorless dehydrogenation/hydrogenation of N-heterocycles. Notably, this protocol is applicable to the dehydrogenation of N-substituted indoline derivatives with various N-substituents with different electronic and steric natures. A reaction pathway involving oxidative addition of an N-adjacent C(sp3)-H bond to a bisphosphine-coordinated Ir(I) center is proposed for the dehydrogenation of N-substituted substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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40
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Hazra S, Tiwari V, Verma A, Dolui P, Elias AJ. NaCl as Catalyst and Water as Solvent: Highly E-Selective Olefination of Methyl Substituted N-Heteroarenes with Benzyl Amines and Alcohols. Org Lett 2020; 22:5496-5501. [PMID: 32603129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative coupling of benzylamines and alcohols with methyl substituted N-heteroarenes such as quinolines and quinoxalines has been achieved using chloride, a sea abundant anion as the catalyst for practical synthesis of a wide range of E-disubstituted olefins in aqueous medium. Detailed mechanistic studies and control experiments were carried out to deduce the reaction mechanism which indicated that in situ formed ClO2- is the active form of the catalyst. We have successfully carried out a 1 g scale reaction using this methodology, and five pharmaceutically relevant conjugated olefins were also synthesized by this method in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ashutosh Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pritam Dolui
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anil J Elias
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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41
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Verma P, Richter JM, Chekshin N, Qiao JX, Yu JQ. Iridium(I)-Catalyzed α-C(sp 3)-H Alkylation of Saturated Azacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5117-5125. [PMID: 32098471 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Saturated azacycles are commonly encountered in bioactive compounds and approved therapeutic agents. The development of methods for functionalization of the α-methylene C-H bonds of these highly privileged building blocks is of great importance, especially in drug discovery. While much effort has been dedicated toward this goal by using a directed C-H activation approach, the development of directing groups that are both general as well as practical remains a significant challenge. Herein, the design and development of novel amidoxime directing groups is described for Ir(I)-catalyzed α-C(sp3)-H alkylation of saturated azacycles using readily available olefins as coupling partners. This protocol extends the scope of saturated azacycles to piperidines, azepane, and tetrahydroisoquinoline that are incompatible with our previously reported directing group. A variety of olefin coupling partners, including previously unreactive disubstituted terminal olefins and internal olefins, are compatible with this transformation. The selectivity for a branched α-C(sp3)-alkylation product is also observed for the first time when acrylate is used as the reaction partner. The development of practical, one-step installation and removal protocols further adds to the utility of amidoxime directing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Verma
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeremy M Richter
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Nikita Chekshin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jennifer X Qiao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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42
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Trowbridge A, Walton SM, Gaunt MJ. New Strategies for the Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aliphatic Amines. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2613-2692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Scarlett M. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Oncology
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Unit 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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43
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Banerjee S, Vivek Kumar S, Punniyamurthy T. Site-Selective Rh-Catalyzed C-7 and C-6 Dual C–H Functionalization of Indolines: Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolocarbazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2793-2805. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonbidya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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45
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Titanium catalyzed synthesis of amines and N-heterocycles. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Manßen M, Schafer LL. Titanium catalysis for the synthesis of fine chemicals – development and trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6947-6994. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atlas as a Titan(ium) is holding the earth-abundant chemistry world. Titanium is the second most abundant transition metal, is a key player in important industrial processes (e.g. polyethylene) and shows much promise for diverse applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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47
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Kumar R, Kumar R, Parmar D, Gupta SS, Sharma U. Ru(II)/Rh(III)-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) Bond Formation through C(sp3)–H Activation: Selective Linear Alkylation of 8-Methylquinolines and Ketoximes with Olefins. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1181-1192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Diksha Parmar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Shiv Shankar Gupta
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
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48
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Tanaka K, Ewing WR, Yu JQ. Hemilabile Benzyl Ether Enables γ-C(sp 3)-H Carbonylation and Olefination of Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15494-15497. [PMID: 31519108 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation of alcohol typically shows β-selectivity due to the required distance between the chelating atom in the attached directing group and the targeted C-H bonds. Herein we report the design of a hemilabile directing group which exploits the chelation of a readily removable benzyl ether moiety to direct γ- or δ-C-H carbonylation and olefination of alcohols. The utility of this approach is also demonstrated in the late-stage C-H functionalization of β-estradiol to rapidly prepare desired analogues that required multi-step syntheses with classical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - William R Ewing
- Discovery Chemistry , Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543 , United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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49
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Ohmura T, Kusaka S, Torigoe T, Suginome M. Iridium‐Catalyzed C(
sp
3
)−H Addition of Methyl Ethers across Intramolecular Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds Giving 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimichi Ohmura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, KyotoUniversity Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Satoshi Kusaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, KyotoUniversity Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takeru Torigoe
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, KyotoUniversity Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Michinori Suginome
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, KyotoUniversity Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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50
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Das J, Vellakkaran M, Sk M, Banerjee D. Iron-Catalyzed Coupling of Methyl N-Heteroarenes with Primary Alcohols: Direct Access to E-Selective Olefins. Org Lett 2019; 21:7514-7518. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Das
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mari Vellakkaran
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Motahar Sk
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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