1
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Stoichiometric Ratio Controlled Dimension Transition and Supramolecular Chirality Enhancement in a Two-Component Assembly System. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050269. [PMID: 35621567 PMCID: PMC9140661 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To control the dimension of the supramolecular system was of great significance. We construct a two component self-assembly system, in which the gelator LHC18 and achiral azobenzene carboxylic acid could co-assembly and form gels. By modulating the stoichiometric ratio of the two components, not only the morphology could be transformed from 1D nanaotube to 0D nanospheres but also the supramolecualr chirality could be tuned. This work could provide some insights to the control of dimension and the supramolecular chirality in the two-component systems by simply modulating the stoichiometric ratio.
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2
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Associated dimeric structures of molecular tweezers bearing naphthalimide and adamantane units in the solid state. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Šakarašvili M, Ustrnul L, Suut E, Nallaparaju JV, Mishra KA, Konrad N, Adamson J, Borovkov V, Aav R. Self-Assembly of Chiral Cyclohexanohemicucurbit[n]urils with Bis(Zn Porphyrin): Size, Shape, and Time-Dependent Binding. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030937. [PMID: 35164200 PMCID: PMC8839860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the ability of bis(zinc octaethylporphyrin) (bis–ZnOEP) to discriminate cyclohexanohemicucurbit[n]urils (cycHC[n]) of different shapes and sizes, the self-assembly of barrel-shaped chiral cycHC[n] with bis–ZnOEP was studied by various spectroscopic methods (absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and NMR). While the binding of 6-membered cycHC[6] induced a tweezer-like conformation followed by the formation of anti-form of bis–ZnOEP upon further addition of cycHC[6], the interaction of 8-membered cycHC[8] is more complex and proceeds through the featured syn-to-anti conformational change of bis–ZnOEP and further intermolecular self-assembly via multiple noncovalent associations between cycHC[8] and bis–ZnOEP. Whilst bis–porphyrins are known to be effective chemical sensors able to differentiate various guests based on their chirality via induced CD, their ability to sense small differences in the shape and size of relatively large macrocycles, such as chiral cycHC[6] and cycHC[8], is scarcely examined. Both studied complexes exhibited characteristic induced CD signals in the region of porphyrin absorption upon complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Šakarašvili
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Elina Suut
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Jagadeesh Varma Nallaparaju
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Kamini A. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Nele Konrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Jasper Adamson
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.Š.); (L.U.); (E.S.); (J.V.N.); (K.A.M.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (R.A.)
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4
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Dhamija A, Mondal P, Saha B, Rath SP. Induction, control, and rationalization of supramolecular chirogenesis using metalloporphyrin tweezers: a structure-function correlation. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:10679-10700. [PMID: 32672295 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chirogenesis is one of the most rudimentary topics in the interdisciplinary sciences and essentially deals with various natural processes and innovative modern technologies. A comprehensive and rigorous understanding of such phenomenon is necessary to have a clear insight into the fundamental mechanisms and the various controlling factors, which would eventually lead to a range of practical applications of chiral supramolecular science. Metalloporphyrin tweezers have been extensively employed for such chirogenic processes due to their exciting physicochemical and tunable spectral properties, large stabilities, easily available synthetic protocols, and excellent abilities to form molecular assemblies. During the last few decades, various metalloporphyrin tweezers have been developed and considerably utilized by several research groups for assigning the absolute configuration to a variety of chiral diamines, conjugates of primary and secondary amines, amino alcohols, secondary alcohols, α-chiral carboxylic acids, etc. Our group has been at the forefront in trying to establish the structure-property correlation in this important area of interdisciplinary research. A brief account of our systematic investigation for understanding the underpinning mechanism of chirality induction and control at the molecular level over the last few years is presented in this Perspective article. The comprehensive understanding of such mechanistic details will be helpful in understanding various natural processes and designing modern technologies for various chirogenic functions in the fields of molecular sensors, nanotechnology, and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Dhamija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Bapan Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
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5
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Gaeta M, Randazzo R, Villari V, Micali N, Pezzella A, Purrello R, d'Ischia M, D'Urso A. En Route to a Chiral Melanin: The Dynamic "From-Imprinted-to-Template" Supramolecular Role of Porphyrin Hetero-Aggregates During the Oxidative Polymerization of L-DOPA. Front Chem 2020; 8:616961. [PMID: 33409269 PMCID: PMC7779627 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.616961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral porphyrin hetero-aggregates, produced from meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin H2T4 and copper(II) meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin CuTPPS by an imprinting effect in the presence of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), are shown herein to serve as templates for the generation of chiral structures during the oxidative conversion of the amino acid to melanin. This remarkable phenomenon is suggested to involve the initial role of L-DOPA and related chiral intermediates like dopachrome as templates for the production of chiral porphyrin aggregates. When the entire chiral pool from DOPA is lost, chiral porphyrin hetero-aggregate would elicit axially chiral oligomer formation from 5,6-dihydroxyindole intermediates in the later stages of melanin synthesis. These results, if corroborated by further studies, may open unprecedented perspectives for efficient strategies of asymmetric melanin synthesis with potential biological and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Villari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, Italy
| | - Norberto Micali
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini,” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
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6
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Prigorchenko E, Ustrnul L, Borovkov V, Aav R. Heterocomponent ternary supramolecular complexes of porphyrins: A review. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461930026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are prominent host molecules which are widely used due to their structural characteristics and directional interaction sites. This review summarizes non-covalently bound ternary complexes of porphyrins, constructed from at least three non-identical species. Progress in supramolecular chemistry allows the creation of complex molecular machinery tools, such as rotors, motors and switches from relatively simple structures in a single self-assembly step. In the current review, we highlight the collection of sophisticated molecular ensembles including sandwich-type complexes, cages, capsules, tweezers, rotaxanes, and supramolecular architectures mediating oxygen-binding and oxidation reactions. These diverse structures have high potential to be applied in sensing, production of new smart materials as well as in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prigorchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Minzu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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7
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Hyodo T, Kawahata M, Hikami Y, Komatsu A, Tominaga M, Yamaguchi K. Cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes in dispersive force oriented inclusion crystals by a functionalized acyclic host molecule. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01990h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of alicyclic compounds with a functionalized acyclic host gave inclusion crystals. Guest molecules were enclathrated within the cavity of the cyclic dimer of host molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Yuya Hikami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Ai Komatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Masahide Tominaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
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8
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Gaeta M, Raciti D, Randazzo R, Gangemi CMA, Raudino A, D'Urso A, Fragalà ME, Purrello R. Chirality Enhancement of Porphyrin Supramolecular Assembly Driven by a Template Preorganization Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gaeta
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Catania Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Italy
| | - Domenica Raciti
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Catania Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Italy
| | - Rosalba Randazzo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Catania Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Italy
| | - Chiara M. A. Gangemi
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Catania Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Italy
| | - Antonio Raudino
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Catania Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Catania Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Italy
| | - Maria E. Fragalà
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Catania Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Italy
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Catania Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Italy
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9
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Gaeta M, Raciti D, Randazzo R, Gangemi CMA, Raudino A, D'Urso A, Fragalà ME, Purrello R. Chirality Enhancement of Porphyrin Supramolecular Assembly Driven by a Template Preorganization Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10656-10660. [PMID: 29939459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polylysine promotes, under neutral conditions, the spontaneous aggregation of opposite charged ZnTPPS in water. Spectroscopic investigations evidence a different preorganization of ZnTPPS onto the polypeptide matrix depending on the chain length. Spinodal decomposition theory in confined geometry is used to model this mechanism by considering the time evolution of a homogeneous distribution of randomly adsorbed particles (porphyrins) onto a rodlike polyelectrolyte (polymer) of variable length L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gaeta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125, Italy
| | - Domenica Raciti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125, Italy
| | - Rosalba Randazzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125, Italy
| | - Chiara M A Gangemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125, Italy
| | - Antonio Raudino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125, Italy
| | - Maria E Fragalà
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125, Italy
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125, Italy
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10
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11
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Lu W, Yang H, Li X, Wang C, Zhan X, Qi D, Bian Y, Jiang J. Chiral Discrimination of Diamines by a Binaphthalene-Bridged Porphyrin Dimer. Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for
Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for
Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for
Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chiming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for
Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for
Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for
Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongzhong Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for
Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for
Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Dhamija A, Ikbal SA, Rath SP. Induction and Rationalization of Supramolecular Chirality in the Tweezer–Diamine Complexes: Insights from Experimental and DFT Studies. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:13014-13026. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Dhamija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sk Asif Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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13
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Abstract
This review highlights and summarizes various optically active porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules prepared using a wide range of structural modification methods to improve the design of novel structures and their applications. The induced chirality of some illustrative achiral bis-porphyrins with a chiral guest molecule is introduced because these systems are ideal for the identification and separation of chiral biologically active substrates. In addition, the relationship between CD signal and the absolute configuration of the molecule is analyzed through an analysis of the results of molecular modeling calculations. Possible future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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14
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Lu J, Meng Q, Zhang H, Wang H, Ma Z, Sun L. Synthesis, spectroscopy, effective chiral information transfer and semiconducting property of optically active porphyrin derivative bearing four chiral binaphthyl moieties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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16
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Ishihara S, Labuta J, Van Rossom W, Ishikawa D, Minami K, Hill JP, Ariga K. Porphyrin-based sensor nanoarchitectonics in diverse physical detection modes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9713-46. [PMID: 24562603 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and related families of molecules are important organic modules as has been reflected in the award of the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry in 1915, 1930, 1961, 1962, 1965, and 1988 for work on porphyrin-related biological functionalities. The porphyrin core can be synthetically modified by introduction of various functional groups and other elements, allowing creation of numerous types of porphyrin derivatives. This feature makes porphyrins extremely useful molecules especially in combination with their other interesting photonic, electronic and magnetic properties, which in turn is reflected in their diverse signal input-output functionalities based on interactions with other molecules and external stimuli. Therefore, porphyrins and related macrocycles play a preeminent role in sensing applications involving chromophores. In this review, we discuss recent developments in porphyrin-based sensing applications in conjunction with the new advanced concept of nanoarchitectonics, which creates functional nanostructures based on a profound understanding of mutual interactions between the individual nanostructures and their arbitrary arrangements. Following a brief explanation of the basics of porphyrin chemistry and physics, recent examples in the corresponding fields are discussed according to a classification based on physical modes of detection including optical detection (absorption/photoluminescence spectroscopy and energy and electron transfer processes), other spectral modes (circular dichroism, plasmon and nuclear magnetic resonance), electronic and electrochemical modes, and other sensing modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ishihara
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
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17
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Brahma S, Ikbal SA, Dhamija A, Rath SP. Highly Enhanced Bisignate Circular Dichroism of Ferrocene-Bridged Zn(II) Bisporphyrin Tweezer with Extended Chiral Substrates due to Well-Matched Host–Guest System. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2381-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanfaori Brahma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sk Asif Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Avinash Dhamija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
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18
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Valderrey V, Aragay G, Ballester P. Porphyrin tweezer receptors: Binding studies, conformational properties and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Brahma S, Ikbal SA, Rath SP. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Series of Chiral Tweezer–Diamine Complexes Consisting of an Achiral Zinc(II) Bisporphyrin Host and Chiral Diamine Guest: Induction and Rationalization of Supramolecular Chirality. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:49-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanfaori Brahma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sk Asif Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
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20
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Pintre IC, Pierrefixe S, Hamilton A, Valderrey V, Bo C, Ballester P. Influence of the Solvent and Metal Center on Supramolecular Chirality Induction with Bisporphyrin Tweezer Receptors. Strong Metal Modulation of Effective Molarity Values. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4620-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202515v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada C. Pintre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Simon Pierrefixe
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alex Hamilton
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Virginia Valderrey
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís
Companys, 23, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Brahma S, Ikbal SA, Dey S, Rath SP. Induction of supramolecular chirality in di-zinc(II) bisporphyrin via tweezer formation: synthesis, structure and rationalization of chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4070-2. [PMID: 22430287 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new supramolecular complexes consisting of an achiral bisporphyrin host and a chiral diamine guest are reported. One shows a remarkably high amplitude bisignate CD signal while the other one shows a very low value. X-ray structure and other spectroscopic investigations of the tweezer complexes clearly rationalize the origin of the optical activity that has so far remained an unresolved issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanfaori Brahma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
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Castiglioni E, Biscarini P, Abbate S. Experimental aspects of solid state circular dichroism. Chirality 2010; 21 Suppl 1:E28-36. [PMID: 19722271 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The interest of circular dichroism in the solid state is stimulated by several needs, such as the desire to get solvent free spectra, the insolubility of the sample or the intrinsic process in which the sample itself is prepared or manipulated. We approach the argument on the basis of the sampling technique, since each different case calls for specific care in getting proper results.
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Petrovic AG, Chen Y, Pescitelli G, Berova N, Proni G. CD-sensitive Zn-porphyrin tweezer host-guest complexes, part 1: MC/OPLS-2005 computational approach for predicting preferred interporphyrin helicity. Chirality 2010; 22:129-39. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang Y, Chen P, Ma Y, He S, Liu M. Acidification and assembly of porphyrin at an interface: counterion matching, selectivity, and supramolecular chirality. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:2036-2043. [PMID: 20355830 DOI: 10.1021/am900399w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial diprotonation and assemblies of a free-base achiral porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine, on various acidic subphases were investigated. It has been shown that the compound could be diprotonated in situ on an acidic subphase and can form assemblies. The interfacially organized supramolecular assemblies were transferred onto a solid substrate, and the assemblies showed supramolecular chirality. Interestingly, the supramolecular chirality of the assemblies of the diprotonated species showed a counterion-dependent behavior. For the assemblies fabricated from the aqueous HCl subphases, a strong Cotton effect (CE) could be observed, although the porphyrin itself is achiral. When an aqueous HBr solution was used as the subphase, the assemblies showed a weak CE, whereas no CE could be detected for the assemblies formulated from the HNO3 or HI subphase. Interestingly, when a mixture of HBr and NaCl, or HNO3 and NaCl, was employed as the subphase, the formed assemblies displayed chiral features similar to those fabricated on the HCl subphase, suggesting that the Cl(-) could be preferentially visualized in terms of supramolecular chirality, although the system itself is composed of achiral species. On the basis of the experimental facts and a theoretical calculation, an explanation with regard to the different sizes of the counterions and the distinct binding affinities of the counteranions to the diprotonated porphyrin species has been proposed. Our findings provide new insights into the assembly of the diprotonated porphyrins as well as the interfacially occurring symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Borovkov V, Inoue Y. A Versatile Bisporphyrinoid Motif for Supramolecular Chirogenesis. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Borovkov
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2‐1 Yamada‐oka, Suita 565‐0871, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6879‐7923
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2‐1 Yamada‐oka, Suita 565‐0871, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6879‐7923
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Berova N, Pescitelli G, Petrovic AG, Proni G. Probing molecular chirality by CD-sensitive dimeric metalloporphyrin hosts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5958-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b909582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang T, Liu M. Langmuir-Schaefer films of a set of achiral amphiphilic porphyrins: aggregation and supramolecular chirality. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:775-783. [PMID: 32907183 DOI: 10.1039/b718146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of new achiral porphyrins with hydrophobic dodecyl chains and hydrophilic substituents were designed in order to clarify the relationship between molecular geometry and aggregation as well as the supramolecular chirality in Langmuir-Schaefer films. These achiral porphyrins have zero (TPPA0), one (TPPA1), two (TPPA2a, TPPA2b), three (TPPA3) and four (TPPA4) long hydrophobic chains, respectively. Most of the compounds showed good spreading behaviour on a water surface except TPPA4 and could be fabricated into LS films easily. Depending on the number of alkyl chains, the porphyrin derivatives showed different aggregation behaviour in the LS films. The transferred films were characterized by UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD) and FTIR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Interestingly, some of the porphyrin assemblies were found to be optically active in the LS films although the compounds themselves are achiral. TPPA3 showed a strong Cotton effect in the LS film and fiber-like morphology on mica surface. Weak supramolecular chirality was detected from the LS films of TPPA0, TPPA1 and TPPA4, but no Cotton effect was observed for the LS films of TPPA2a or TPPA2b. On the other hand, when the LS film of TPPA3 was dipped into hexane or exposed to HCl gas, which altered the hydrophobic effect among the dodecyl chains and destroyed the π-π interactions between the porphyrin macrocyclic rings, the CD signal decreased or disappeared. The different aggregation behaviour and supramolecular chirality in the films was suggested to be related to the molecular structure and subsequent packing in their organized molecular films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, P. R. China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, P. R. China.
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Zhang Y, Chen P, Liu M. A General Method for Constructing Optically Active Supramolecular Assemblies from Intrinsically Achiral Water-Insoluble Free-Base Porphyrins. Chemistry 2008; 14:1793-803. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Etxebarria J, Vidal-Ferran A, Ballester P. The effect of complex stoichiometry in supramolecular chirality transfer to zinc bisporphyrin systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5939-41. [DOI: 10.1039/b812819g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Hembury
- Japan Science and Technology Agency and Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Li Y, Wang T, Liu M. Gelating-induced supramolecular chirality of achiral porphyrins: chiroptical switch between achiral molecules and chiral assemblies. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:1312-1317. [PMID: 32900098 DOI: 10.1039/b710165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chiral low molecular weight organogelators which can gel nearly all kinds of common organic solvents were designed. The gelators could also form organogels with other functional compounds, which could not form the organogel themselves. Achiral porphyrins were employed as functional compounds to form the co-gel with the gelator in DMSO and interesting properties were found. Although no chirality was observed when the achiral porphyrin derivative containing a long alkyl chain was mixed with the gelator in hot DMSO solution, supramolecular chirality of the achiral porphyrin was induced when cooling to form an organogel. Based on the thermo-reversible property of the organogel, a thermo-driven supramolecular chiroptical switch was proposed through the switch between achiral molecule and chiral molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China.
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Harvey PD, Stern C, Gros CP, Guilard R. The photophysics and photochemistry of cofacial free base and metallated bisporphyrins held together by covalent architectures. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Johnston MR, Lyons DM. Synthesis and Complexation Studies of a Convex Bis-porphyrin Tweezer—A Molecular Capsule Precursor. Supramol Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270500296983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dani M. Lyons
- a Flinders University , Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, South Australia
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Gros CP, Brisach F, Meristoudi A, Espinosa E, Guilard R, Harvey PD. Modulation of the Singlet−Singlet Through-Space Energy Transfer Rates in Cofacial Bisporphyrin and Porphyrin−Corrole Dyads. Inorg Chem 2006; 46:125-35. [PMID: 17198420 DOI: 10.1021/ic0613558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of relatively flexible cofacial donor-acceptor dyads for singlet-singlet energy transfer with the corrole or etio-porphyrin free base and zinc porphyrin as the acceptor and donor, respectively, were synthesized and characterized (represented as (PMes2COx)ZnH3 (13), (PMes2CO)ZnH3 (14), and (PMes2CX)ZnH3 (15)) where (PMes2COx = [2-[5-(5,15-dimesitylcorrol-10-yl)-diphenylether-2'-yl]-13,17-diethyl-2,3,7,8,12,18-hexamethylporphyrin]), (PMes2CO = [5-[5-(5,15-dimesitylcorrol-10-yl)-dibenzofuran-4-yl]-13,17-diethyl-2,3,7,8,12,18-hexamethylporphyrin]), and (PMes2CX = [5-[5-(5,15-dimesitylcorrol-10-yl)-9,9-dimethylxanthen-4-yl)]-13,17-diethyl-2,3,7,8,12,18-hexamethylporphyrin]), respectively) along with the homobismacrocycles (DPOx)ZnH2 (17) and (DPOx)Zn2 (18) (where (DPOx = 2,2'-bis[5-(2,8,13,17-tetraethyl-3,7,12,18-tetramethylporphyrinyl)]diphenylether) as comparison standards. The rate for energy transfer (kET) extracted by the measurements of fluorescence lifetimes are of the same order of magnitude as those recently reported for the rigidly held face-to-face dyads ((DPB)ZnH2 (1), (DPX)ZnH2 (2), (DPA)ZnH2 (3), (DPO)ZnH2 (4), and (DPS)ZnH2 (5) where (DPB = 1,8-bis[5-(2,8,13,17-tetraethyl-3,7,12,18-tetramethylporphyrinyl)]biphenylene), (DPX = 4,5-bis[5-(2,8,13,17-tetraethyl-3,7,12,18-tetramethylporphyrinyl)]-9,9-dimethylxanthene), (DPA = 1,8-bis[5-(2,8,13,17-tetraethyl-3,7,12,18-tetramethylporphyrinyl)]anthracene), (DPO = 4,6-bis[5-(2,8,13,17-tetraethyl-3,7,12,18-tetramethylporphyrinyl)]dibenzofuran), and (DPS = 4,6-bis[5-(2,8,13,17-tetraethyl-3,7,12,18-tetramethylporphyrinyl)]dibenzothiophene), respectively), but for the first time, it is shown that the presence of a bulky group located between the acceptor and the donor moiety influences the transfer rate. The presence of perpendicular mesityl groups on the acceptor macrocycle prevents the two macrorings from interacting strongly; therefore, kET is slower. On the other hand, by rendering the rigid spacer flexible (i.e., changing the dibenzofuran rigid spacer to the flexible diphenylether assembling fragment), kET increases due to stronger intermacrocycle interactions. This study is complemented by DFT computations (B3LYP/3-21G*) as a molecular modeling tool where subtle structural features explain the changes in kET. During the course of this study, X-ray structures of 17 and 18 were investigated and exhibit a linear stacking of the bismacrocycles where intermolecular porphyrin-porphyrin interactions are observed (dinter(Zn...Zn) = 4.66 and 4.57 A, for 17 and 18, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude P Gros
- LIMSAG, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex France
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Kishore RSK, Paululat T, Schmittel M. From Supramolecular Porphyrin Tweezers to Dynamic AnBmClDk Multiporphyrin Arrangements Through Orthogonal Coordination. Chemistry 2006; 12:8136-49. [PMID: 16862633 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic, supramolecular, three-component A(n)B(m)C(l) bis(zinc porphyrin) tweezer has been prepared quantitatively using the heteroleptic bisphenanthroline (HETPHEN) concept. Upon addition of nitrogenous spacers of different length, namely, the extended bipyridine 3 a, 4,4'-bipyridine (3 b), and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO; 3 c), to set up an additional orthogonal binding motif (Zn(Por)-N(spacer)), three structurally different, still dynamic, four-component A(n)B(m)C(l)D(k) assemblies were cleanly formed, as indicated by UV/Vis and NMR titrations as well as by DOSY investigations. The structures were identified as a bridged monotweezer A(2)BC(2)D, a doubly bridged double tweezer A(4)B(2)C(4)D(2), and a triply bridged double tweezer A(4)B(2)C(4)D(3), the latter resembling a porphyrin stack. Notably, the same structures were equally formed directly from a mixture of the constituents A, B, C, and D put together in any sequence if the correct stoichiometry was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravuri S K Kishore
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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Borovkov VV, Inoue Y. Supramolecular Chiral Recognition by Bischlorins: A Two-Point Interaction Mode Combined with the Host's Conformational Modulation Controlled by the Guest's Stereochemistry and Bulkiness. Org Lett 2006; 8:2337-40. [PMID: 16706520 DOI: 10.1021/ol060649u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Supramolecular chiral recognition based on two-point host-guest interactions coupled with the different host's conformational response using the enantiopure bischlorin hosts and different antipodal amine guests is reported. The bulkiness at the guest's stereogenic center controls the chiral recognition properties resulting in switching of the enantioselectivity.
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Borovkov VV, Hembury GA, Inoue Y. Supramolecular Chirogenesis with Bis-chlorin versus Bis-porphyrin Hosts: Peculiarities of Chirality Induction and Modulation of Optical Activity. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8743-54. [PMID: 16238305 DOI: 10.1021/jo051067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The complexation behavior, chirality induction and inversion in the achiral host, a racemic mixture of ethane-bridged bis(zinc octaethylchlorin) (1), and optical activity modulation in the chiral hosts, enantiopure 1(R) and 1(S), upon interaction with chiral and achiral amine guests have been investigated by means of the UV-vis, CD, and (1)H NMR techniques and compared with the corresponding spectral data of the bis-porphyrin analogue. It was found that the chirogenesis pathway is strongly dependent upon the structures of both major components (hosts and guests) of these supramolecular systems. Particularly, the distinct orientation of electronic transitions in the chlorin chromophores arisen from the reduced pyrrole ring, which makes it radically different from that of the porphyrin chromophores, and the size of the guest's substituents lead to the remarkable phenomenon of chirality induction-inversion in racemic 1 originating from the process of asymmetry transfer from enantiopure guests of the same homologous type and absolute configuration. This surprising chirogenic behavior is found to be in a sharp contrast to that observed in the analogous porphyrin-based systems. Furthermore, these structural and electronic phenomena also account for the effective optical activity quenching of enantiopure 1(R) and 1(S) upon interaction with chiral and with achiral amines, which results in formation of supramolecular complexes of opposite chirality.
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Borovkov VV, Lintuluoto JM, Hembury GA, Sugiura M, Arakawa R, Inoue Y. Supramolecular chirogenesis in zinc porphyrins: interaction with bidentate ligands, formation of tweezer structures, and the origin of enhanced optical activity. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7176-92. [PMID: 12968867 DOI: 10.1021/jo034814k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complexation behavior, binding properties, and spectral parameters of supramolecular chirality induction in the achiral host molecule, syn (face-to-face conformation) ethane-bridged bis(zinc porphyrin), upon interaction with chiral bidentate guests (diamines and amino alcohols) have been studied by means of UV-vis, CD, fluorescence, (1)H NMR, and ESI MS techniques. It was found that the guest structure plays a decisive role in the chirogenesis pathway. The majority of bidentate ligands (except those geometrically unsuitable) exhibit two major equilibria steps: the first guest ligation leading to formation of the 1:1 host-guest tweezer structure (K(1)) and the second guest molecule ligation (K(2)) forming the anti bis-ligated species (1:2). The second ligation is much weaker (K(1) >> K(2)) due to the optimal geometry and stability of the 1:1 tweezer complex. The enhanced conformational stability of the tweezer complex ensures an efficient chirality transfer from the chiral guest to the achiral host, consequently inducing a remarkably high optical activity in the bis-porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Borovkov
- Entropy Control Project, ICORP, JST, 4-6-3 Kamishinden, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 560-0085, Japan.
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