1
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Monteith JJ, Rousseaux SAL. A Dual Ni/Photoredox Cross-Coupling Approach toward Mandelic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:4566-4570. [PMID: 38758597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Mandelic acid derivatives represent a valuable class of compounds due to their wide use in synthetic organic chemistry and the pharmaceutical sector. Herein, we report a novel reductive Ni/photoredox cross-coupling of readily accessible, bench stable N-alkoxyphthalimides and aryl halides to prepare unprotected mandelic acid ester derivatives. Mechanistic experiments suggest that this cross-coupling likely proceeds via a pathway that is distinct from previous reports using similar redox-active alkoxy radical precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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2
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Zhang R, Zhou Q, Wang X, Xu L, Ma D. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of α-Substituted Cyanoacetates Enabled by Chiral Amide Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312383. [PMID: 37870538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The (S)-nobin-embodied picolinamide and L-hydroxyproline-derived amide are effective ligands for Cu-catalyzed enantioselective coupling reaction of (hetero)aryl iodides with α-alkyl substituted cyanoacetates. This arylation reaction gave α-(heteroaryl)-α-alkyl cyanoacetates in good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee). A variety of functionalized (hetero)aryl and alkyl groups could be introduced to the quaternary center and therefore provided a valuable tool for preparing enantioenriched compounds with an all-carbon quaternary center tethered with convertible functional groups. The size of both α-alkyl and ester groups was proven as the key factor for asymmetric induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxing Zhang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuang Lu, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lanting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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3
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Hu M, Liang Y, Ru L, Ye S, Zhang L, Huang X, Bao M, Kong L, Peng B. Defluorinative Multi-Functionalization of Fluoroaryl Sulfoxides Enabled by Fluorine-Assisted Temporary Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306914. [PMID: 37455262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its unique physical properties, fluorine is often used to open up new reaction channels. In this report, we establish a cooperation of [5,5]-rearrangement and fluorine-assisted temporary dearomatization for arene multi-functionalization. Specifically, the [5,5]-rearrangement of fluoroaryl sulfoxides with β,γ-unsaturated nitriles generates an intriguing dearomatized sulfonium species which is short-lived but exhibits unusually high electrophilicity and thus can be instantly trapped by nucleophiles and dienes at a remarkably low temperature (-95 °C) to produce four types of valuable multi-functionalized benzenes, respectively, involving appealing processes of defluorination, desulfurization, and sulfur shift. Mechanistic studies indicate that the use of fluorine on arenes not only circumvents the generally inevitable [3,3]-rearrangement but also impedes the undesired rearomatization process, thus provides a precious space for constructing and elaborating the temporarily dearomatized fluorinated sulfonium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuchen Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liying Ru
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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4
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Goebel JF, Löffler J, Zeng Z, Handelmann J, Hermann A, Rodstein I, Gensch T, Gessner VH, Gooßen LJ. Computer-Driven Development of Ylide Functionalized Phosphines for Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216160. [PMID: 36538000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed couplings of silicon enolates with aryl electrophiles are of great synthetic utility, but often limited to expensive bromide substrates. A comparative experimental study confirmed that none of the established ligand systems allows to couple inexpensive aryl chlorides with α-trimethylsilyl alkylnitriles. In contrast, ylide functionalized phosphines (YPhos) led to encouraging results. A statistical model was developed that correlates the reaction yields with ligand features. It was employed to predict catalyst structures with superior performance. With this cheminformatics approach, YPhos ligands were tailored specifically to the demands of Hiyama couplings. The newly synthesized ligands displayed record-setting activities, enabling the elusive coupling of aryl chlorides with α-trimethylsilyl alkyl nitriles. The preparative utility of the catalyst system was demonstrated by the synthesis of pharmaceutically meaningful α-aryl alkylnitriles, α-arylcarbonyls and biaryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Goebel
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Zhongyi Zeng
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Albert Hermann
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Gensch
- Department of Chemistry, TU Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Lu CJ, Xu Q, Feng J, Liu RR. The Asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216863. [PMID: 36535894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction has emerged as a powerful tool for forging C-N bonds, and has been vital to the pharmaceuticals, materials, and catalysis fields. However, asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions for constructing centered chirality, planar chirality, and axial chirality remain in their infancy owing to limited substrate scope and laggard ligand design. The recent surge in interest in the synthesis of C-N/N-N atropisomers, has witnessed a renaissance in asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig amination chemistry as the first practical protocol for the preparation of C-N atropisomers. This review highlights reported asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig amination protocols and provides a brief overview of their chemical practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
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6
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Li H, Yin C, Liu S, Tu H, Lin P, Chen J, Su W. Multiple remote C(sp 3)-H functionalizations of aliphatic ketones via bimetallic Cu-Pd catalyzed successive dehydrogenation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13843-13850. [PMID: 36544736 PMCID: PMC9710215 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dehydrogenation-triggered multiple C(sp3)-H functionalizations at remote positions γ, δ or ε, ζ to carbonyl groups of aliphatic ketones with aryl/alkenyl carboxylic acids as coupling partners have been achieved using a bimetallic Cu-Pd catalyst system. This reaction allows access to alkenylated isocoumarins and their derivatives in generally good yields with high functional group tolerance. The identification of bimetallic Cu-Pd synergistic catalysis for efficient successive dehydrogenation of aliphatic ketones, which overcomes the long-standing challenge posed by the successive dehydrogenation desaturation of terminally unsubstituted alkyl chains in aliphatic ketones, is essential to achieving this bimetallic Cu-Pd catalyzed dehydrogenation coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Chang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350002China
| | - Sien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Hua Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
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7
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Shandu MP, Lamola JL, Holzapfel CW, Maumela MC, Moshapo PT. Application of
P
‐Bridged Biaryl Phosphines in Pd‐Catalyzed
α
‐Arylation Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malibongwe P. Shandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Cnr Kingsway Avenue and University Road PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Jairus L. Lamola
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Cnr Kingsway Avenue and University Road PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Cedric W. Holzapfel
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Cnr Kingsway Avenue and University Road PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Munaka Christopher Maumela
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Cnr Kingsway Avenue and University Road PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
- Research and Technology (R&T) Sasol (Pty) Ltd 1 Klasie Havenga Road Sasolburg 1947 South Africa
| | - Paseka T. Moshapo
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Cnr Kingsway Avenue and University Road PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
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8
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Li S, Davies PW, Shu W. Modular synthesis of α-arylated carboxylic acids, esters and amides via photocatalyzed triple C-F bond cleavage of methyltrifluorides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6636-6641. [PMID: 35756515 PMCID: PMC9172449 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Arylated carboxylic acids, esters and amides are widespread motifs in bioactive molecules and important building blocks in chemical synthesis. Thus, straightforward and rapid access to such structures is highly desirable. Here we report an organophotocatalytic multicomponent synthesis of α-arylated carboxylic acids, esters and amides from exhaustive defluorination of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes in the presence of alkyltrifluoroborates, water and nitrogen/oxygen nucleophiles. This operationally simple strategy features a unified access to functionally diverse α-arylated carboxylic acids, esters, and primary, secondary, and tertiary amides through backbone assembly from simple starting materials enabled by consecutive C–F bond functionalization at room temperature. Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal that the reaction operates through a radical-triggered three-step cascade process, which involves distinct mechanisms for each defluorinative functionalization of the C–F bond. Here we report an organophotocatalytic synthesis of α-arylated carboxylic acids, esters and amides from exhaustive defluorination of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes in the presence of alkyltrifluoroborates, water and nitrogen/oxygen nucleophiles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China .,School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Paul W Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
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9
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Abstract
A Negishi cross-coupling of α-hydroxy ester derivatives and arylzinc reagents has been developed. This reaction tolerates both primary and secondary C(sp3)-O alcohol precursors and achieves efficient cross-coupling under Ni catalysis without the need for added external metal reductant, photocatalyst, or additives. The arylation of readily accessible C(sp3)-O electrophiles in this operationally simple, rapid, and mild reaction provides a complementary way of accessing desirable α-aryl ester products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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10
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Orlandi M, Escudero-Casao M, Licini G. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds to Give Tertiary Stereocenters. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1560-5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEnantioenriched α-aryl carbonyl compounds are ubiquitous in natural products and biologically active compounds. Their synthesis has been explored over the last few decades and several methods now exist that allow for the enantioselective formation of a C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond in the α-position to a carbonyl group. However, although the formation of quaternary stereocenters has been fairly well established, the enantioselective formation of tertiary stereocenters proved more challenging due to facile product post-reaction racemization. In this short review, we summarize the methods reported to date for the asymmetric α-arylation of enolates and analogues that rely on transition-metal catalysis.1 Introduction2 Nucleophile Pre-activation3 Activation via Aminocatalysis4 Formation of Constrained Stereocenters5 Concluding Remarks
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11
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Ha MW, Paek SM. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Ibuprofen and Naproxen. Molecules 2021; 26:4792. [PMID: 34443379 PMCID: PMC8399189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we review the recent progress in the synthesis of representative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ibuprofen and naproxen. Although these drugs were discovered over 50 years ago, novel practical and asymmetric approaches are still being developed for their synthesis. In addition, this endeavor has enabled access to more potent and selective derivatives from the key frameworks of ibuprofen and naproxen. The development of a synthetic route to ibuprofen and naproxen over the last 10 years is summarized, including developing methodologies, finding novel synthetic routes, and applying continuous-flow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Ha
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Jeju-do, Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Seung-Mann Paek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam-do, Korea
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12
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Kalkman ED, Hartwig JF. Direct Observation of Diastereomeric α-C-Bound Enolates during Enantioselective α-Arylations: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Arylpalladium Fluorooxindole Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11741-11750. [PMID: 34308646 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed asymmetric α-arylation of carbonyl compounds is a valuable strategy to form benzylic stereocenters. However, the origin of the stereoselectivity of these reactions is poorly understood, and little is known about the reactivity of the putative diastereomeric arylpalladium enolate intermediates. To this end, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of diphosphine-ligated arylpalladium fluoroenolate complexes, including complexes bearing a metal-bound, stereogenic carbon and an enantioenriched chiral diphosphine ligand. These complexes reductively eliminate to form chiral α-aryl-α-fluorooxindoles with enantioselectivities and rates that are relevant to those of the catalytic process with SEGPHOS as the ancillary ligand. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of reductive elimination is slightly slower than the rate of epimerization of the intermediate, causing the reductive elimination step to impart the greatest influence on the enantioselectivity. DFT calculations of these processes are consistent with these experimental rates and suggest that the minor diastereomer forms the major enantiomer of the product. The rates of reductive elimination from complexes containing a variety of electronically varied aryl ligands revealed the unusual trend that complexes bearing more electron-rich aryl ligands react faster than those bearing more electron-poor aryl ligands. Noncovalent Interaction (NCI) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses of the transition-state structures for reductive elimination from the SEGPHOS-ligated complexes revealed key donor-acceptor interactions between the Pd center and the fluoroenolate fragment. These interactions stabilize the pathway to the major product enantiomer more strongly than they stabilize that to the minor enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Kalkman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94702, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94702, United States
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13
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Bouquin M, Jaroschik F, Taillefer M. Versatile and base-free copper-catalyzed α-arylations of aromatic ketones using diaryliodonium salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Xie MS, Li N, Tian Y, Wu XX, Deng Y, Qu GR, Guo HM. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Carboxylic Esters Catalyzed by Chiral PPY N-Oxides: Synthesis of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Mechanistic Insights. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Xie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Escudero-Casao M, Licini G, Orlandi M. Enantioselective α-Arylation of Ketones via a Novel Cu(I)-Bis(phosphine) Dioxide Catalytic System. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3289-3294. [PMID: 33635068 PMCID: PMC8041290 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel catalytic system based on copper(I) and chiral bis(phosphine) dioxides is described. This allows the arylation of silyl enol ethers to access enolizable α-arylated ketones in good yields and enantiomeric excess up to 95%. Noncyclic ketones are amenable substrates with this method, which complements other approaches based on palladium catalysis. Optimization of the ligand structure is accomplished via rational design driven by correlation analysis. Preliminary mechanistic hypotheses are also evaluated in order to identify the role of chiral bis(phosphine) dioxides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CIRCC−Consorzio Interuniversitario
per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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16
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Sugiyama S, Akiyama T, Taoda Y, Iwaki T, Matsuoka E, Akihisa E, Seki T, Yoshinaga T, Kawasuji T. Discovery of novel HIV-1 integrase-LEDGF/p75 allosteric inhibitors based on a pyridine scaffold forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 33:127742. [PMID: 33316407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered HIV-1 novel integrase-LEDGF/p75 allosteric inhibitors (INLAIs) based on a pyridine scaffold forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Scaffolds containing a pyridine moiety have been studied extensively and we have already reported that substituents extending from the C1 position contributed to the antiviral potency. In this study, we designed a new pyridine scaffold 2 with a substituent at the C1 position. Interestingly, during attempts at optimization, we found that the direction of the C1 substituents with an intramolecular hydrogen bond contributed to the antiviral potency. Compound 34f exhibited better antiviral potency against WT and the T174I mutant (EC50 (WT) = 6.6 nM, EC50 (T174I) = 270 nM) than BI 224436 (EC50 (WT) = 22 nM, EC50 (T174I) > 5000 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Sugiyama
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Akiyama
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Taoda
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwaki
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Eriko Matsuoka
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Erika Akihisa
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshinaga
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawasuji
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futabacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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17
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Jin S, Dang HT, Haug GC, Nguyen VD, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Deoxygenative α-alkylation and α-arylation of 1,2-dicarbonyls. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9101-9108. [PMID: 34094191 PMCID: PMC8161533 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03118f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Construction of C-C bonds at the α-carbon is a challenging but synthetically indispensable approach to α-branched carbonyl motifs that are widely represented among drugs, natural products, and synthetic intermediates. Here, we describe a simple approach to generation of boron enolates in the absence of strong bases that allows for introduction of both α-alkyl and α-aryl groups in a reaction of readily accessible 1,2-dicarbonyls and organoboranes. Obviation of unselective, strongly basic and nucleophilic reagents permits carrying out the reaction in the presence of electrophiles that intercept the intermediate boron enolates, resulting in two new α-C-C bonds in a tricomponent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfei Jin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hang T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Graham C Haug
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Viet D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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18
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Vasquez AM, Gurak JA, Joe CL, Cherney EC, Engle KM. Catalytic α-Hydroarylation of Acrylates and Acrylamides via an Interrupted Hydrodehalogenation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10477-10484. [PMID: 32379433 PMCID: PMC7293711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed, α-selective hydroarylation of acrylates and acrylamides is reported. Under optimized conditions, this method is highly tolerant of a wide range of substrates including those with base sensitive functional groups and/or multiple enolizable carbonyl groups. A detailed mechanistic study was undertaken, and the high selectivity of this transformation was shown to be enabled by the formation of a [PdII(Ar)(H)] intermediate, which performs selective hydride insertion into the β-position of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena M. Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John A. Gurak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Candice L. Joe
- Chemistry Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Emily C. Cherney
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, US Rt. 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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19
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Shaughnessy KH. Monodentate Trialkylphosphines: Privileged Ligands in Metal-catalyzed Crosscoupling Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200211114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphines are widely used ligands in transition metal-catalyzed reactions.
Arylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, were among the first phosphines to show
broad utility in catalysis. Beginning in the late 1990s, sterically demanding and electronrich
trialkylphosphines began to receive attention as supporting ligands. These ligands
were found to be particularly effective at promoting oxidative addition in cross-coupling
of aryl halides. With electron-rich, sterically demanding ligands, such as tri-tertbutylphosphine,
coupling of aryl bromides could be achieved at room temperature. More
importantly, the less reactive, but more broadly available, aryl chlorides became accessible
substrates. Tri-tert-butylphosphine has become a privileged ligand that has found application
in a wide range of late transition-metal catalyzed coupling reactions. This success
has led to the use of numerous monodentate trialkylphosphines in cross-coupling reactions. This review
will discuss the general properties and features of monodentate trialkylphosphines and their application in
cross-coupling reactions of C–X and C–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, United States
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20
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Kou X, Kou KGM. α-Arylation of Silyl Enol Ethers via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Kou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Kevin G. M. Kou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
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21
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Direct benzylic functionalization of pyridines: Palladium-catalyzed mono-α-arylation of α-(2-pyridinyl)acetates with heteroaryl halides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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He ZT, Hartwig JF. Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Carboxylic Acids and Secondary Amides via a Traceless Protecting Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11749-11753. [PMID: 31287682 PMCID: PMC9059736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel traceless protecting strategy is presented for the long-standing challenge of conducting the palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of carboxylic aids and secondary amides with aryl halides. Both of the presented coupling processes occur with a variety of carboxylic acids and amides and with a variety of aryl bromides containing a broad range of functional groups, including base-sensitive functionality like acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano, and even hydroxyl groups. Five commercial drugs were prepared through this method in one step in 81-96% yield. Gram-scale synthesis of medication Naproxen and Flurbiprofen with low palladium loading further highlights the practical value of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Xiong Q, Chen H, Zhang T, Shan C, Bai R, Lan Y. On the Mechanism of Palladium‐Catalyzed Unsaturated Bond Transformations: A Review of Theoretical Studies. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Haohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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24
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Wright BA, Ardolino MJ. Surprising Reactivity in NiXantphos/Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Substituted Cyclopropyl Nitriles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4670-4679. [PMID: 30412410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Arylations of cyclopropyl and related nitriles provide access to important synthetic intermediates and pharmacophores for biologically active molecules. However, robust methods for coupling of sterically encumbered partners have remained elusive. Through optimization using high-throughput experimentation (HTE), the NiXantphos ligand was found to be effective in the coupling of sterically hindered β-substituted cyclopropyl nitriles with a number of aryl groups and heterocycles, including those containing acidic N-H and O-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Wright
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Michael J Ardolino
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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25
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Dominguez-Huerta A, Dai XJ, Zhou F, Querard P, Qiu Z, Ung S, Liu W, Li J, Li CJ. Exploration of new reaction tools for late-stage functionalization of complex chemicals. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry has always had as a target the conversion of molecules into valuable materials. Nevertheless, the aim of past synthesis has primarily focused on achieving a given transformation, regardless of the environmental impact of the synthetic route. Given the current global situation, the demand for sustainable alternatives has substantially increased. Our group focuses on developing selective chemical transformations that benefit from mild conditions, improved atom economy, and that can make use of renewable feedstocks as starting materials. This account summarizes our work over the past two decades specifically regarding the selective removal, conversion, and addition of functional groups that can, later on, be applied at a late stage for the modification of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Dominguez-Huerta
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Xi-Jie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Pierre Querard
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Sosthene Ung
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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26
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Cheng F, Lu W, Huang W, Wen L, Li M, Meng F. Cu-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of tertiary benzylic copper complexes and their in situ addition to carbonyl compounds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4992-4998. [PMID: 29938027 PMCID: PMC5989696 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic chemo- and enantioselective generation of tertiary benzylic copper complexes from Cu-B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) additions to 1,1-disubstituted alkenes followed by in situ reactions with ketones and carboxylic acid phenol esters to construct multifunctional alkylboron compounds that contain quaternary stereogenic centers is presented. The method is distinguished by the unprecedented reaction mode of tertiary benzylic Cu complexes, allowing reaction with a wide range of carbonyl electrophiles in good yields and with high chemo-, site-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The catalytic protocol was performed with easily accessible chiral ligands and copper salts at ambient temperature. Functionalization of multifunctional alkylboron products provides useful building blocks that are otherwise difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Wenxin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Lu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Mingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Fanke Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
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27
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Jiang Y, Deng JD, Wang HH, Zou JX, Wang YQ, Chen JH, Zhu LQ, Zhang HH, Peng X, Wang Z. Direct access to α-sulfenylated amides/esters via sequential oxidative sulfenylation and C–C bond cleavage of 3-oxobutyric amides/esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:802-805. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, environmentally benign and unprecedented synthesis of various α-sulfenylated amides/esters has been developed under oxygen atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Jie-dan Deng
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Hui-hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Jiao-xia Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | | | - Jin-hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Long-qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Hong-hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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28
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Lee GS, Namkoong G, Park J, Chen DY. Total Synthesis of Strychnine. Chemistry 2017; 23:16189-16193. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geun Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 South Korea
| | - Gil Namkoong
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 South Korea
| | - Jisook Park
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 South Korea
| | - David Y.‐K. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 South Korea
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29
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Chen M, Dong G. Direct Catalytic Desaturation of Lactams Enabled by Soft Enolization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7757-7760. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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30
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Shimoda Y, Yamamoto H. Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution via Amide Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6855-6858. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shimoda
- Molecular Catalyst Research
Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research
Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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31
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Jiao Z, Chee KW, Zhou J“S. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Arylation of Alkylnitriles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16240-16243. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiao
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kwok Wei Chee
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianrong “Steve” Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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32
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Franzoni I, Poblador-Bahamonde AI. Computational Study on the Mechanism of the Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Franzoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest
Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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33
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Martin A, Vors JP, Baudoin O. Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Esters and Amines by Pd-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Hindered Substrates. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Martin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246-Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard
du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vors
- Bayer SAS, 14 Impasse Pierre
Baizet, 69263 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246-Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard
du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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34
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Liu RR, Li BL, Lu J, Shen C, Gao JR, Jia YX. Palladium/l-Proline-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Arylative Desymmetrization of Cyclohexanones. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5198-201. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bao-Le Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chong Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jian-Rong Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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35
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Wolters AT, Hornillos V, Heijnen D, Giannerini M, Feringa BL. One-Pot, Modular Approach to Functionalized Ketones via Nucleophilic Addition of Alkyllithium Reagents to Benzamides and Pd-Catalyzed α-Arylation. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Wolters
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valentin Hornillos
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorus Heijnen
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Giannerini
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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36
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Kanbayashi N, Yamazawa A, Takii K, Okamura TA, Onitsuka K. Planar-Chiral Cyclopentadienyl-Ruthenium-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Silyl Enolates under Unusually Mild Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Wagner F, Harms K, Koert U. Hauser–Heck: Efficient Synthesis of γ-Aryl-β-ketoesters en Route to Substituted Naphthalenes. Org Lett 2015; 17:5670-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Wagner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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38
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Chen M, Hartwig JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Enol Silanes from Vinylogous Esters and Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13972-9. [PMID: 26441002 PMCID: PMC5342901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enol silanes of vinylogous esters and amides are classic dienes for Diels-Alder reactions. Here, we report their reactivity as nucleophiles in Ir-catalyzed, enantioselective allylic substitution reactions. A variety of allylic carbonates react with these nucleophiles to give allylated products in good yields with high enantioselectivities and excellent branched-to-linear ratios. These reactions occur with KF or alkoxide as the additive, but mechanistic studies suggest that these additives do not activate the enol silanes. Instead, they serve as bases to promote the cyclometalation to generate the active Ir catalyst. The carbonate anion, which was generated from the oxidative addition of the allylic carbonate, likely activates the enol silanes to trigger their activity as nucleophiles for reactions with the allyliridium electrophile. The synthetic utility of this method was illustrated by the synthesis of the anti-muscarinic drug, fesoterodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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39
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Makarov IS, Kuwahara T, Jusseau X, Ryu I, Lindhardt AT, Skrydstrup T. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Couplings of Vinylogous Enolates: Application to Statin Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14043-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya S. Makarov
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Takashi Kuwahara
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Xavier Jusseau
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO), Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of
Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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40
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Fernández-Nieto F, Mas Roselló J, Lenoir S, Hardy S, Clayden J. Palladium Catalyzed C-Arylation of Amino Acid Derived Hydantoins. Org Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Mas Roselló
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simone Lenoir
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon Hardy
- Syngenta
Ltd.,
Jealott’s Hill Research Centre, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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41
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Jacobson CE, Martinez-Muñoz N, Gorin DJ. Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed O-Methylation with Methylboronic Acid. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7305-10. [PMID: 26111825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative coupling of alkylboronic acids with oxygen nucleophiles offers a strategy for replacing toxic, electrophilic alkylating reagents. Although the Chan-Lam reaction has been widely applied in the arylation of heteroatom nucleophiles, O-alkylation with boronic acids is rare. We report a Cu-catalyzed nondecarboxylative methylation of carboxylic acids with methylboronic acid that proceeds in air with no additional oxidant. An isotope-labeling study supports an oxidative cross-coupling mechanism, in analogy to that proposed for Chan-Lam arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, 100 Green Street, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - Noelia Martinez-Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, 100 Green Street, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - David J Gorin
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, 100 Green Street, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
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42
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Dohi T, Kamitanaka T, Takamuro H, Mishima Y, Washimi N, Kita Y. A new arylation of silyl enol ethers by quinone monoacetal substitution. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Diethelm S, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis of Gelsemoxonine through a Spirocyclopropane Isoxazolidine Ring Contraction. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6084-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Diethelm
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H335, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H335, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Chang MY, Chen YC, Chan CK. Palladium-mediated α-arylation of β-ketosulfones: application to the synthesis of functionalized sulfonyl phenanthrenes. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Schranck J, Burhardt M, Bornschein C, Neumann H, Skrydstrup T, Beller M. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative α-Arylation to β-Ketonitriles. Chemistry 2014; 20:9534-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Cash BM, Prevost N, Wagner FF, Comins DL. Studies toward the total synthesis of dihydrolycolucine. Preparation of AB and CEF ring fragments. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5740-5. [PMID: 24841361 PMCID: PMC4066915 DOI: 10.1021/jo500878v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A strategy
for the synthesis of the lycopodium alkaloid dihydrolycolucine
(1) has been investigated. Synthetic routes were developed
based on N-acylpyridinium salt chemistry to prepare
target fragments 3 and 4 that could ultimately
converge to the natural product. Key reactions include IMDA cycloadditions
and retro-Mannich ring-openings to form both the AB and the EF ring
fragments. The ring C precursor was prepared using pyridine substitution
and directed lithiation chemistry. A Suzuki cross-coupling of rings
C and EF led to the CEF ring fragment. Initial attempts at closure
of the seven-membered D ring were unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Cash
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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47
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Lee JH, Kim M, Kim I. Palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of aryloxyketones for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzofurans. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6153-63. [PMID: 24856099 DOI: 10.1021/jo500885w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of aryloxyketones has been developed, allowing for facile installation of various (hetero)aryl groups at C2 position in good to excellent yields. Subsequent cyclodehydration of the resulting α-arylated aryloxyketones provided rapid access to diverse 2,3-disubstitured benzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University , 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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48
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Londregan AT, Burford K, Conn EL, Hesp KD. Expedient synthesis of α-(2-azaheteroaryl) acetates via the addition of silyl ketene acetals to azine-N-oxides. Org Lett 2014; 16:3336-9. [PMID: 24885646 DOI: 10.1021/ol501359r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new and expedient synthesis of α-(2-azaheteroaryl) acetates is presented. The reaction proceeds rapidly under mild conditions via the addition of silyl ketene acetals to azine-N-oxides in the presence of the phosphonium salt PyBroP. This procedure affords diverse α-(2-azaheteroaryl) acetates which are highly desirable components/building blocks in molecules of pharmaceutical interest but are traditionally challenging to synthesize via contemporary methods. The reaction optimization and mechanism as well as a novel electronically enhanced PyBroP derivative are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyn T Londregan
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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49
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Zhang L, Le CM, Lautens M. The Use of Silyl Ketene Acetals and Enol Ethers in the Catalytic Enantioselective Alkylative Ring Opening of Oxa/Aza Bicyclic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Zhang L, Le CM, Lautens M. The Use of Silyl Ketene Acetals and Enol Ethers in the Catalytic Enantioselective Alkylative Ring Opening of Oxa/Aza Bicyclic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5951-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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