1
|
Wild U, Hübner O, Meiners P, Kaifer E, Enders M, Himmel HJ. Intramolecular Through-Space Double-Electron Transfer Between A Pair of Redox-Active Guanidine Units Aligned by Dithiolate Bridges. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302418. [PMID: 37606189 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Using unconventional synthesis protocols, two redox-active triguanidine units are connected by a dithiolate bridge, aligning the two redox-active units in close proximity. The reduced, neutral and the tetracationic redox states with two dicationic triguanidine units are isolated and fully characterized. Then, the dicationic redox states are prepared by mixing the neutral and tetracationic molecules. At low temperatures, the dications are diamagnetic (singlet ground state) with two different triguanidine units (neutral and dicationic). At room temperature, the triplet state with two radical monocationic triguanidine units is populated. At low temperature (210 K), chemical exchange by intramolecular through-space electron-transfer between the two triguanidine units is evidenced by EXSY NMR spectroscopy. Intramolecular through-space transfer of two electrons from the neutral to the dicationic triguanidine unit is accompanied by migration of the counterions in opposite direction. The rate of double-electron transfer critically depends on the bridge. No electron-transfer is measured in the absence of a bridge (in a mixture of one dicationic and one neutral triguanidine), and relatively slow electron transfer if the bridge does not allow the two triguanidine units to approach each other close enough. The results give detailed, quantitative insight into the factors that influence intramolecular through-space double-electron-transfer processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wild
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Meiners
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Šrut A, Lear BJ, Krewald V. The Marcus dimension: identifying the nuclear coordinate for electron transfer from ab initio calculations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9213-9225. [PMID: 37655015 PMCID: PMC10466304 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Marcus model forms the foundation for all modern discussion of electron transfer (ET). In this model, ET results in a change in diabatic potential energy surfaces, separated along an ET nuclear coordinate. This coordinate accounts for all nuclear motion that promotes electron transfer. It is usually assumed to be dominated by a collective asymmetric vibrational motion of the redox sites involved in the ET. However, this coordinate is rarely quantitatively specified. Instead, it remains a nebulous concept, rather than a tool for gaining true insight into the ET pathway. Herein, we describe an ab initio approach for quantifying the ET coordinate and demonstrate it for a series of dinitroradical anions. Using sampling methods at finite temperature combined with density functional theory calculations, we find that the electron transfer can be followed using the energy separation between potential energy surfaces and the extent of electron localization. The precise nuclear motion that leads to electron transfer is then obtained as a linear combination of normal modes. Once the coordinate is identified, we find that evolution along it results in a change in diabatic state and optical excitation energy, as predicted by the Marcus model. Thus, we conclude that a single dimension of the electron transfer described in Marcus-Hush theory can be described as a well-defined nuclear motion. Importantly, our approach allows the separation of the intrinsic electron transfer coordinate from other structural relaxations and environmental influences. Furthermore, the barrier separating the adiabatic minima was found to be sufficiently thin to enable heavy-atom tunneling in the ET process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Šrut
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Benjamin J Lear
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu XL, Li Y, Xu QD, Yang YY, Fu JH, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Influence of the CN Orientation on the Degree of Electron Delocalization of Ru–Ru–Ru Mixed-Valent Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17392-17401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Breimaier S, Fröhlich N, Herberger J, Linseis M, Kivala M, Winter RF. Charge and Spin Delocalization in Mixed-Valent Vinylruthenium–Triarylamine-Conjugates with Planarized Triarylamines. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Breimaier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nina Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich−Alexander-Universität Erlangen−Nürnberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Herberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mayorga Burrezo P, Zeng W, Moos M, Holzapfel M, Canola S, Negri F, Rovira C, Veciana J, Phan H, Wu J, Lambert C, Casado J. Perylene π‐Bridges Equally Delocalize Anions and Cations: Proportioned Quinoidal and Aromatic Content. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/ CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra. 08193 Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sofia Canola
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Concepciò Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/ CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra. 08193 Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/ CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra. 08193 Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mayorga Burrezo P, Zeng W, Moos M, Holzapfel M, Canola S, Negri F, Rovira C, Veciana J, Phan H, Wu J, Lambert C, Casado J. Perylene π‐Bridges Equally Delocalize Anions and Cations: Proportioned Quinoidal and Aromatic Content. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14467-14471. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/ CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra. 08193 Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sofia Canola
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Concepciò Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/ CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra. 08193 Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/ CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra. 08193 Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uebe M, Ito A. Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Kekulé- and Non-Kekulé-Bridged Bis(triarylamine) Radical Cations: Missing Key Compounds in Organic Mixed-Valence Systems. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1692-1696. [PMID: 30698917 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
From the viewpoint of para-meta topological bridging effect on the electronic coupling in organic mixed-valence (MV) systems, the optically induced and thermally assisted intramolecular charge/spin transfer (ICT/IST) processes have been investigated for three bis(triarylamine) (BTA) radical cations as missing key compounds in very basic BTA MV systems. In contrast to the case of p- and m-dinitrobenzene radical anions, the difference in the strength of electronic coupling (V) was not so large for the present BTA MV radical cations, although they still fall within the paradigm of strong V for para-linkage and weak V for meta-linkage. Unexpectedly, it has been found that meta-phenylenediamine radical cation has an electronic coupling comparable to those in the para-conjugated BTA-based MV species, and the ICT/IST rate exceeds the ESR time-scale. This finding is very encouraging considering that sufficient electronic communication can be ensured even when the redox-active centers are linked directly by the meta-phenylene bridge, thus broadening the selection of π-bridging units for molecule-based optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Uebe
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hassenrück C, Winter RF. Manipulation and Assessment of Charge and Spin Delocalization in Mixed-Valent Triarylamine–Vinylruthenium Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13517-13529. [PMID: 29035518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Guo SZ, Dong YB, Rao L, Yin J, Yu GA, Hartl F, Liu SH. Multistep Oxidation of Diethynyl Oligophenylamine-Bridged Diruthenium and Diiron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1001-1015. [PMID: 28045545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Homo-dinuclear nonlinear complexes [{M(dppe)Cp*}2{μ-(-C≡C)2X}] (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; Cp* = η5-C5Me5; X = triphenylamine (TPA), M = Ru (1a) and Fe (1b); X = N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylphenylene-1,4-diamine (TPPD), M = Ru (2a)) were prepared and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (1a, 2a). Attempts to prepare the diiron analogue of 2a were not successful. Experimental data obtained from cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR (NIR = near-infrared) spectro-electrochemistry, and very informative IR spectro-electrochemistry in the C≡C stretching region, combined with density functional theory calculations, afford to make an emphasizing assessment of the close association between the metal-ethynyl termini and the oligophenylamine bridge core as well as their respective involvement in sequential one-electron oxidations of these complexes. The anodic behavior of the homo-bimetallic complexes depends strongly both on the metal center and the length of the oligophenylamine bridge core. The poorly separated first two oxidations of diiron complex 1b are localized on the electronically nearly independent Fe termini. In contrast, diruthenium complex 1a exhibits a significantly delocalized character and a marked electronic communication between the ruthenium centers through the diethynyl-TPA bridge. The ruthenium-ethynyl halves in 2a, separated by the doubly extended and more flexible TPPD bridge core, show a lower degree of electronic coupling, resulting in close-lying first two anodic waves and the NIR electronic absorption of [2a]+ with an indistinctive intervalence charge transfer character. Finally, the third anodic waves in the voltammetric responses of the homo-bimetallic complexes are associated with the concurrent exclusive oxidation of the TPA or TPPD bridge cores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shen-Zhen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Li Rao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhong YW, Gong ZL, Shao JY, Yao J. Electronic coupling in cyclometalated ruthenium complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Kang MT, Meng M, Tan YN, Cheng T, Liu CY. Tuning the Electronic Coupling and Electron Transfer in Mo2 Donor-Acceptor Systems by Variation of the Bridge Conformation. Chemistry 2016; 22:3115-26. [PMID: 26807909 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Assembling two quadruply bonded dimolybdenum units [Mo2 (DAniF)3 ](+) (DAniF=N,N'-di(p-anisyl)formamidinate) with 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate and its thiolated derivatives produced three complexes [{Mo2 (DAniF)3 }2 (μ-1,4-O2 CC10 H6 CO2 )], [{Mo2 (DAniF)3 }2 (μ-1,4-OSCC10 H6 COS)], and [{Mo2 (DAniF)3 }2 (μ-1,4-S2 CC10 H6 CS2 )]. In the X-ray structures, the naphthalene bridge deviates from the plane defined by the two Mo-Mo bond vectors with the torsion angle increasing as the chelating atoms of the bridging ligand vary from O to S. The mixed-valent species exhibit intervalence transition absorption bands with high energy and very low intensity. In comparison with the data for the phenylene analogues, the optically determined electronic coupling matrix elements (Hab =258-345 cm(-1) ) are lowered by a factor of two or more, and the electron-transfer rate constants (ket ≈10(11) s(-1) ) are reduced by about one order of magnitude. These results show that, when the electron-transporting ability of the bridge and electron-donating (electron-accepting) ability of the donor (acceptor) are both variable, the former plays a dominant role in controlling the intramolecular electron transfer. DFT calculations revealed that increasing the torsion angle enlarges the HOMO-LUMO energy gap by elevating the (bridging) ligand-based LUMO energy. Therefore, our experimental results and theoretical analyses verify the superexchange mechanism for electronic coupling and electron transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ting Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Miao Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ning Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pfaff U, Hildebrandt A, Korb M, Oßwald S, Linseis M, Schreiter K, Spange S, Winter RF, Lang H. Electronically Strongly Coupled Divinylheterocyclic-Bridged Diruthenium Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:783-801. [PMID: 26660031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [{Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3 )2 }2 (μ-2,5-(CH-CH)2 -(c) C4 H2 E] (E=NR; R=C6 H4 -4-NMe2 (10 a), C6 H4 -4-OMe (10 b), C6 H4 -4-Me (10 c), C6 H5 (10 d), C6 H4 -4-CO2 Et (10 e), C6 H4 -4-NO2 (10 f), C6 H3 -3,5-(CF3 )2 (10 g), CH3 (11); E=O (12), S (13)) are discussed. The solid state structures of four alkynes and two complexes are reported. (Spectro)electrochemical studies show a moderate influence of the nature of the heteroatom and the electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents R in 10 a-g on the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties. The CVs display two consecutive one-electron redox events with ΔE°'=350-495 mV. A linear relationship between ΔE°' and the σp Hammett constant for 10 a-f was found. IR, UV/Vis/NIR and EPR studies for 10(+) -13(+) confirm full charge delocalization over the {Ru}CH-CH-heterocycle-CH-CH{Ru} backbone, classifying them as Class III systems according to the Robin and Day classification. DFT-optimized structures of the neutral complexes agree well with the experimental ones and provide insight into the structural consequences of stepwise oxidations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Pfaff
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz (Germany)
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz (Germany)
| | - Marcus Korb
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz (Germany)
| | - Steffen Oßwald
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz (Germany)
| | - Michael Linseis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz (Germany)
| | - Katja Schreiter
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz (Germany)
| | - Stefan Spange
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz (Germany)
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz (Germany).
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz (Germany).
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen JJ, Shao JY, Zhu X, Zhong YW. Amine–Amine Electronic Coupling through a Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene Bridge. Org Lett 2015; 18:256-9. [PMID: 26720697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schmidt HC, Spulber M, Neuburger M, Palivan CG, Meuwly M, Wenger OS. Charge Transfer Pathways in Three Isomers of Naphthalene-Bridged Organic Mixed Valence Compounds. J Org Chem 2015; 81:595-602. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Spulber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jahnke AC, Spulber M, Neuburger M, Palivan CG, Wenger OS. Electronic coupling mediated by furan, thiophene, selenophene and tellurophene in a homologous series of organic mixed valence compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10883-6. [PMID: 25090374 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Charge delocalization in the mixed-valent monocationic forms of phenothiazine-decorated chalcogenophenes is explored by cyclic voltammetry, optical absorption and EPR spectroscopy. Single units of furan, thiophene, selenophene and tellurophene are found to mediate electronic coupling between the phenothiazines attached to their 2- and 5-positions roughly equally well. Electronic communication seems to occur mostly through the butadiene-like backbone of the chalcogenophenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Jahnke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Telo JP, Moneo Á. The influence of bridge-reduced state levels on the electron transfer within the 2,7-dinitroanthracene radical anion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4038-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05404k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The 2,7-dinitroanthracene radical anion has an (apparent) electronic coupling much higher than either itsN,Ndistance or its non-Kekule substitution would suggest. The results can only be explained if a low-lying bridge redox state is influencing the electron transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Telo
- Centro Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Á. Moneo
- Centro Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng T, Tan YN, Zhang Y, Zhang YY, Meng M, Lei H, Chen L, Liu CY. Distinguishing the Strength of Electronic Coupling for Mo2-Containing Mixed-Valence Compounds within the Class III Regime. Chemistry 2014; 21:2353-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Kiesz MD, Hoekstra RM, Chen YT, Telo JP, Nelsen SF, Zink JI. Coupled states in dinitrofluorene: relationships between ground state and excited state mixed valence. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11490-8. [PMID: 25402422 DOI: 10.1021/jp505299p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic absorption spectrum of 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-dinitrofluorene radical anion in HMPA displays both a NIR intervalence charge transfer and a visible excited state mixed valence transition. These transitions contain a similar vibronic progression resulting from molecular orbitals that are common to both transitions. Vibrational frequency and intensity data are acquired from the resonance Raman spectrum and used to calculate a best fit for the absorption spectrum. The normal coordinate distortions are analyzed in terms of the electronic changes for both transitions to explain their similarity. The Raman scattering intensity decreases at lower excitation wavelength as a result of Raman de-enhancement caused by interference between neighboring excited states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Kiesz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jahnke AC, Proppe J, Spulber M, Palivan CG, Herrmann C, Wenger OS. Charge Delocalization in an Organic Mixed Valent Bithiophene Is Greater Than in a Structurally Analogous Biselenophene. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11293-303. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5082164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Jahnke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19 and Klingelbergstrasse
80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonny Proppe
- Institute
of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz
6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mariana Spulber
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19 and Klingelbergstrasse
80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19 and Klingelbergstrasse
80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Institute
of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz
6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19 and Klingelbergstrasse
80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoekstra RM, Chen YT, Kiesz MD, Telo JP, Stephenson RM, Nelsen SF, Zink JI. Resonance Raman spectroscopic study of solvent-dependent coexistence of localized and delocalized dinitroaromatic radical anions. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical absorption spectra of three dinitroaromatic radical anions, 2,7-dinitro-9,9-dimethylfluorene (1•−), 4,4′-dinitrobiphenyl (2•−), and 4,4′-dinitrotolane (3•−) in solvents THF, HMPA, and MeCN show both an unresolved broad band characteristic of charge-localized mixed valence species (Robin-Day classification Class II), and a vibronically structured band of the delocalized species (Class III). With decreasing solvent reorganization energy, a greater portion of the compounds become charge-delocalized. In particular, 1•− with the greatest coupling, is almost entirely composed of the delocalized species in all solvents. An intense Raman mode is used to identify the charge-bearing unit as the nitrobenzene moiety. Resonance Raman profiles are utilized to gain detailed information of vibrational modes. The out-of-phase ring lengthening stretch mode is observed to be enhanced at higher excitation energies, corresponding to the absorption band of the Class II species, while the in-phase ring lengthening stretch mode, a totally symmetric vibration, is most strongly enhanced in the absorption region of the Class III species. Resonance Raman profiles support the solvent-dependent coexistence of Class II and Class III molecules of the same chemical composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Hoekstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Matthew D. Kiesz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - João P. Telo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rachel M. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Stephen F. Nelsen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1396, USA
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Winter RF. Half-Wave Potential Splittings ΔE1/2 as a Measure of Electronic Coupling in Mixed-Valent Systems: Triumphs and Defeats. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500029x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Parthey M, Kaupp M. Quantum-chemical insights into mixed-valence systems: within and beyond the Robin–Day scheme. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:5067-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of quantum-chemical methods to both organic and transition-metal mixed-valence systems is reviewed, with particular emphasis on how to describe correctly delocalisation vs. localisation near the borderline between Robin–Day classes II and III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Parthey
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie
- Theoretische Chemie
- Sekr. C7
- 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie
- Theoretische Chemie
- Sekr. C7
- 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moneo Á, Justino GC, Carvalho MFNN, Oliveira MC, Antunes AMM, Bléger D, Hecht S, Telo JP. Electronic Communication in Linear Oligo(azobenzene) Radical Anions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:14056-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Moneo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo C. Justino
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Fernanda N. N. Carvalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Bléger
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse
2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse
2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - João P. Telo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Parthey M, Gluyas JBG, Schauer PA, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Refining the Interpretation of Near-Infrared Band Shapes in a Polyynediyl Molecular Wire. Chemistry 2013; 19:9780-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Sakamaki D, Ito A, Furukawa K, Kato T, Tanaka K. Meta–Para-Linked Octaaza[18]cyclophanes and Their Polycationic States. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2947-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3026884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Institute for the Promotion of
Excellence in Higher Education, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Göransson E, Emanuelsson R, Jorner K, Markle TF, Hammarström L, Ottosson H. Charge transfer through cross-hyperconjugated versus cross-π-conjugated bridges: an intervalence charge transfer study. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50844g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
27
|
Renz M, Kess M, Diedenhofen M, Klamt A, Kaupp M. Reliable Quantum Chemical Prediction of the Localized/Delocalized Character of Organic Mixed-Valence Radical Anions. From Continuum Solvent Models to Direct-COSMO-RS. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:4189-203. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300545x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Renz
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie,
Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kess
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie,
Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Diedenhofen
- COSMOlogic GmbH & Co. KG, Burscheider Strasse 515, D-51381 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Andreas Klamt
- COSMOlogic GmbH & Co. KG, Burscheider Strasse 515, D-51381 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie,
Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Reuter LG, Bonn AG, Stückl AC, He B, Pati PB, Zade SS, Wenger OS. Charge Delocalization in a Homologous Series of α,α′-Bis(dianisylamino)-Substituted Thiophene Monocations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7345-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303989t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa G. Reuter
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annabell G. Bonn
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A. Claudia Stückl
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bice He
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Palas Baran Pati
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research,
Kolkata, P.O. BCKV Campus Main Office, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West
Bengal, India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research,
Kolkata, P.O. BCKV Campus Main Office, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West
Bengal, India
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hankache J, Niemi M, Lemmetyinen H, Wenger OS. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Linear Triarylamine–Photosensitizer–Anthraquinone Triads with Ruthenium(II), Osmium(II), and Iridium(III). Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6333-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300558s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Hankache
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marja Niemi
- Tampere University of Technology, Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere,
Finland
| | - Helge Lemmetyinen
- Tampere University of Technology, Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere,
Finland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ricks AB, Brown KE, Wenninger M, Karlen SD, Berlin YA, Co DT, Wasielewski MR. Exponential distance dependence of photoinitiated stepwise electron transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules: implications for wirelike behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4581-8. [PMID: 22335614 DOI: 10.1021/ja205913q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems in which a 3,5-dimethyl-4-(9-anthracenyl)julolidine (DMJ-An) chromophore and a naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) (NI) acceptor are linked by oligomeric 2,7-fluorenone (FN(n)) bridges (n = 1-3) have been synthesized. Selective photoexcitation of DMJ-An quantitatively produces DMJ(+•)-An(-•), and An(-•) acts as a high-potential electron donor. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible and mid-IR regions showed that electron transfer occurs quantitatively in the sequence: DMJ(+•)-An(-•)-FN(n)-NI → DMJ(+•)-An-FN(n)(-•)-NI → DMJ(+•)-An-FN(n)-NI(-•). The charge-shift reaction from An(-•) to NI(-•) exhibits an exponential distance dependence in the nonpolar solvent toluene with an attenuation factor (β) of 0.34 Å(-1), which would normally be attributed to electron tunneling by the superexchange mechanism. However, the FN(n)(-•) radical anion was directly observed spectroscopically as an intermediate in the charge-separation mechanism, thereby demonstrating conclusively that the overall charge separation involves the incoherent hopping (stepwise) mechanism. Kinetic modeling of the data showed that the observed exponential distance dependence is largely due to electron injection onto the first FN unit followed by charge hopping between the FN units of the bridge biased by the distance-dependent electrostatic attraction of the two charges in D(+•)-B(-•)-A. This work shows that wirelike behavior does not necessarily result from building a stepwise, energetically downhill redox gradient into a D-B-A molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Butler Ricks
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Moneo Á, Carvalho MFNN, Telo JP. Dicyanoaromatic radical anions as mixed valence species. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Moneo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico; Technical University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais,; 1049-001; Lisboa; Portugal
| | - M. Fernanda N. N. Carvalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico; Technical University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais,; 1049-001; Lisboa; Portugal
| | - João P. Telo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico; Technical University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais,; 1049-001; Lisboa; Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Heckmann A, Lambert C. Organic Mixed-Valence Compounds: A Playground for Electrons and Holes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:326-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
33
|
Heckmann A, Lambert C. Organische gemischtvalente Verbindungen: ein Spielplatz für Elektronen und Löcher. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
34
|
Völker SF, Renz M, Kaupp M, Lambert C. Squaraine Dyes as Efficient Coupling Bridges between Triarylamine Redox Centres. Chemistry 2011; 17:14147-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
35
|
He B, Wenger OS. Photoswitchable Organic Mixed Valence in Dithienylcyclopentene Systems with Tertiary Amine Redox Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17027-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207025x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bice He
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Telo JP, Moneo Á, Carvalho MFNN, Nelsen SF. Dynamics of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Dinitrodibenzodioxin Radical Anions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10738-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João P. Telo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Moneo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Fernanda N. N. Carvalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stephen F. Nelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison Wisconsin 53706-1396, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mücke P, Linseis M, Záliš S, Winter RF. Vinyl-ruthenium entities as markers for intramolecular electron transfer processes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Szostak MM, Chojnacki H, Piela K, Okwieka-Lupa U, Bidzińska E, Dyrek K. Helical Superstructure and Charged Polarons Contributions to Optical Nonlinearity of 2-Methyl-4-nitroaniline Crystals Studied by Resonance Raman, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies, and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7448-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204168s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Magdalena Szostak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskieg 27, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Henryk Chojnacki
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskieg 27, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piela
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskieg 27, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Urszula Okwieka-Lupa
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskieg 27, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Bidzińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dyrek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Hankache
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Telo JP, Jalilov AS, Nelsen SF. Effect of Ortho Substitution on the Charge Localization of Dinitrobenzene Radical Anions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3016-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200829r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João P. Telo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Almaz S. Jalilov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison Wisconsin 53706-1396, United States
| | - Stephen F. Nelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison Wisconsin 53706-1396, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chisholm MH, Lear BJ. M2δ to ligand π-conjugation: testbeds for current theories of mixed valence in ground and photoexcited states of molecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:5254-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
43
|
Kaupp M, Renz M, Parthey M, Stolte M, Würthner F, Lambert C. Computational and spectroscopic studies of organic mixed-valence compounds: where is the charge? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16973-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21772k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
44
|
Hernández-Muñoz LS, González FJ, González I, Goulart MO, Abreu FCD, Ribeiro AS, Ribeiro RT, Longo RL, Navarro M, Frontana C. Revisiting the electrochemical formation, stability and structure of radical and biradical anionic structures in dinitrobenzenes. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
45
|
Bozkaya U, Schaefer HF. The ten chemically transparent dinitronaphthalene isomers and their radical anions. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.507225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Bozkaya
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara 06531 , Turkey
- b Department of Chemistry , Atatürk University , Erzurum 25240 , Turkey
- c Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , GA 30602 , USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- c Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , GA 30602 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kayanuma M, Hosoi H, Furuya A, Masuda Y, Takano K. Ab initio molecular orbital study of dinitrobenzene radical anions. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
Kowalski K, Linseis M, Winter RF, Zabel M, Záliš S, Kelm H, Krüger HJ, Sarkar B, Kaim W. Charge Delocalization in a Heterobimetallic Ferrocene−(Vinyl)Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2 System†Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Helmut Werner on the occasion of his 75th birthday. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9002945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Narutowicza 68, 90-136 Łódź, Poland
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Zabel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harald Kelm
- Fachbereich Chemie der TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Krüger
- Fachbereich Chemie der TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Telo JP, Nelsen SF, Zhao Y. Electron Transfer within Charge-Localized Dinitroaromatic Radical Anions. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7730-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9017508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João P. Telo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stephen F. Nelsen
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nelsen SF, Schultz KP. Charge Distribution in Arylhydrazine-Centered Mixed Valence Compounds with Smaller Bridges (Five to Nine Bonds between Closest Nitrogens). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5324-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810645q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F. Nelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396
| | - Kevin P. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nelsen SF, Schultz KP, Telo JP. Interpretation of Mixed-Valence Compound Optical Spectra Near the Class II/III Border: Dinitrobiphenyl and Dinitrophenanthrene Radical Anions. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12622-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807602k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F. Nelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kevin P. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João P. Telo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|