1
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Clifford ER, Bradley RW, Wey LT, Lawrence JM, Chen X, Howe CJ, Zhang JZ. Phenazines as model low-midpoint potential electron shuttles for photosynthetic bioelectrochemical systems. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3328-3338. [PMID: 34164103 PMCID: PMC8179378 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05655c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical approaches for energy conversion rely on efficient wiring of natural electron transport chains to electrodes. However, state-of-the-art exogenous electron mediators give rise to significant energy losses and, in the case of living systems, long-term cytotoxicity. Here, we explored new selection criteria for exogenous electron mediation by examining phenazines as novel low-midpoint potential molecules for wiring the photosynthetic electron transport chain of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to electrodes. We identified pyocyanin (PYO) as an effective cell-permeable phenazine that can harvest electrons from highly reducing points of photosynthesis. PYO-mediated photocurrents were observed to be 4-fold higher than mediator-free systems with an energetic gain of 200 mV compared to the common high-midpoint potential mediator 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ). The low-midpoint potential of PYO led to O2 reduction side-reactions, which competed significantly against photocurrent generation; the tuning of mediator concentration was important for outcompeting the side-reactions whilst avoiding acute cytotoxicity. DCBQ-mediated photocurrents were generally much higher but also decayed rapidly and were non-recoverable with fresh mediator addition. This suggests that the cells can acquire DCBQ-resistance over time. In contrast, PYO gave rise to steadier current enhancement despite the co-generation of undesirable reactive oxygen species, and PYO-exposed cells did not develop acquired resistance. Moreover, we demonstrated that the cyanobacteria can be genetically engineered to produce PYO endogenously to improve long-term prospects. Overall, this study established that energetic gains can be achieved via the use of low-potential phenazines in photosynthetic bioelectrochemical systems, and quantifies the factors and trade-offs that determine efficacious mediation in living bioelectrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R Clifford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert W Bradley
- Department of Life Sciences Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Laura T Wey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1QW UK
| | - Joshua M Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1QW UK
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Christopher J Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1QW UK
| | - Jenny Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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2
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Buesen D, Hoefer T, Zhang H, Plumeré N. A kinetic model for redox-active film based biophotoelectrodes. Faraday Discuss 2019; 215:39-53. [PMID: 30982836 PMCID: PMC6677029 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active films are advantageous matrices for the immobilization of photosynthetic proteins, due to their ability to mediate electron transfer as well as to achieve high catalyst loading on an electrode for efficient generation of electricity or solar fuels. A general challenge arises from various charge recombination pathways along the light-induced electron transfer chain from the electrode to the charge carriers for electricity production or to the final electron acceptors for solar fuel formation. Experimental methods based on current measurement or product quantification are often unable to discern between the contributions from the photocatalytic process and the detrimental effect of the short-circuiting reactions. Here we report on a general electrochemical model of the reaction-diffusion processes to identify and quantify the "bottlenecks" present in the fuel or current generation. The model is able to predict photocurrent-time curves including deconvolution of the recombination contributions, and to visualize the corresponding time dependent concentration profiles of the product. Dimensionless groups are developed for straightforward identification of the limiting processes. The importance of the model for quantitative understanding of biophotoelectrochemical processes is highlighted with an example of simulation results predicting the effect of the diffusion coefficient of the charge carrier on photocurrent generation for different charge recombination kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Buesen
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
, Ruhr University Bochum
,
Universitätsstr. 150
, D-44780 Bochum
, Germany
.
| | - T. Hoefer
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
, Ruhr University Bochum
,
Universitätsstr. 150
, D-44780 Bochum
, Germany
.
| | - H. Zhang
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
, Ruhr University Bochum
,
Universitätsstr. 150
, D-44780 Bochum
, Germany
.
| | - N. Plumeré
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
, Ruhr University Bochum
,
Universitätsstr. 150
, D-44780 Bochum
, Germany
.
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3
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Sun Z, Diebolder CA, Renault L, de Groot H. A Semisynthetic Peptide−Metalloporphyrin Responsive Matrix for Artificial Photosynthesis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Sun
- Leiden University Leiden Institute of Chemistry 2333 AL Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Christoph A. Diebolder
- Leiden University The Netherlands Centre for Electron Nanoscopy (NeCEN) 2333 AL Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ludovic Renault
- Leiden University The Netherlands Centre for Electron Nanoscopy (NeCEN) 2333 AL Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Huub de Groot
- Leiden University Leiden Institute of Chemistry 2333 AL Leiden The Netherlands
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4
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Zhao F, Ruff A, Rögner M, Schuhmann W, Conzuelo F. Extended Operational Lifetime of a Photosystem-Based Bioelectrode. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5102-5106. [PMID: 30888806 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of bioelectrochemical assemblies for sustainable energy transformation constitutes an increasingly important field of research. Significant progress has been made in the development of semiartificial devices for conversion of light into electrical energy by integration of photosynthetic biomolecules on electrodes. However, sufficient long-term stability of such biophotoelectrodes has been compromised by reactive species generated under aerobic operation. Therefore, meeting the requirements of practical applications still remains unsolved. We present the operation of a photosystem I-based photocathode using an electron acceptor that enables photocurrent generation under anaerobic conditions as the basis for a biodevice with substantially improved stability. A continuous operation lifetime considerably superior to previous reports and at higher light intensities is paving the way toward the potential application of semiartificial energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Matthias Rögner
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
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5
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Kölsch A, Hejazi M, Stieger KR, Feifel SC, Kern JF, Müh F, Lisdat F, Lokstein H, Zouni A. Insights into the binding behavior of native and non-native cytochromes to photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9090-9100. [PMID: 29695502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of photosystem I (PS I) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus to the native cytochrome (cyt) c6 and cyt c from horse heart (cyt cHH) was analyzed by oxygen consumption measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and rigid body docking combined with electrostatic computations of binding energies. Although PS I has a higher affinity for cyt cHH than for cyt c6, the influence of ionic strength and pH on binding is different in the two cases. ITC and theoretical computations revealed the existence of unspecific binding sites for cyt cHH besides one specific binding site close to P700 Binding to PS I was found to be the same for reduced and oxidized cyt cHH Based on this information, suitable conditions for cocrystallization of cyt cHH with PS I were found, resulting in crystals with a PS I:cyt cHH ratio of 1:1. A crystal structure at 3.4-Å resolution was obtained, but cyt cHH cannot be identified in the electron density map because of unspecific binding sites and/or high flexibility at the specific binding site. Modeling the binding of cyt c6 to PS I revealed a specific binding site where the distance and orientation of cyt c6 relative to P700 are comparable with cyt c2 from purple bacteria relative to P870 This work provides new insights into the binding modes of different cytochromes to PS I, thus facilitating steps toward solving the PS I-cyt c costructure and a more detailed understanding of natural electron transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kölsch
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai R Stieger
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Sven C Feifel
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Jan F Kern
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Frank Müh
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria, and
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Athina Zouni
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany,
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6
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Nguyen K, Vaughn M, Frymier P, Bruce BD. In vitro kinetics of P 700+ reduction of Thermosynechococcus elongatus trimeric Photosystem I complexes by recombinant cytochrome c 6 using a Joliot-type LED spectrophotometer. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:79-91. [PMID: 27738959 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reduction rate of photo-oxidized Photosystem I (PSI) with various natural and artificial electron donors have been well studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. The electron transfer rate from various donors to P700+ has been measured for a wide range of photosynthetic organisms encompassing cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. PSI can be a limiting component due to tedious extraction and purification methods required for this membrane protein. In this report, we have determined the in vivo, intracellular cytochrome c 6 (cyt c 6)/PSI ratio in Thermosynechococcus elongatus (T.e.) using quantitative Western blot analysis. This information permitted the determination of P700+ reduction kinetics via recombinant cyt c 6 in a physiologically relevant ratio (cyt c 6: PSI) with a Joliot-type, LED-driven, pump-probe spectrophotometer. Dilute PSI samples were tested under varying cyt c 6 concentration, temperature, pH, and ionic strength, each of which shows similar trends to the reported literature utilizing much higher PSI concentrations with laser-based spectrophotometer. Our results do however indicate kinetic differences between actinic light sources (laser vs. LED), and we have attempted to resolve these effects by varying our LED light intensity and duration. The standardized configuration of this spectrophotometer will also allow a more uniform kinetic analysis of samples in different laboratories. We can conclude that our findings from the LED-based system display an added total protein concentration effect due to multiple turnover events of P700+ reduction by cyt c 6 during the longer illumination regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Michael Vaughn
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Paul Frymier
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Sustainable Energy and Education Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Education and Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Sustainable Energy and Education Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Education and Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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7
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Stieger KR, Ciornii D, Kölsch A, Hejazi M, Lokstein H, Feifel SC, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Engineering of supramolecular photoactive protein architectures: the defined co-assembly of photosystem I and cytochrome c using a nanoscaled DNA-matrix. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10695-705. [PMID: 27150202 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of renewable and sustainable protein-based light-to-energy converting systems is an emerging field of research. Here, we report on the development of supramolecular light-harvesting electrodes, consisting of the redox protein cytochrome c working as a molecular scaffold as well as a conductive wiring network and photosystem I as a photo-functional matrix element. Both proteins form complexes in solution, which in turn can be adsorbed on thiol-modified gold electrodes through a self-assembly mechanism. To overcome the limited stability of self-grown assemblies, DNA, a natural polyelectrolyte, is used as a further building block for the construction of a photo-active 3D architecture. DNA acts as a structural matrix element holding larger protein amounts and thus remarkably improving the maximum photocurrent and electrode stability. On investigating the photophysical properties, this system demonstrates that effective electron pathways have been created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R Stieger
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Dmitri Ciornii
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Adrian Kölsch
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sven C Feifel
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
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8
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Plumeré N, Nowaczyk MM. Biophotoelectrochemistry of Photosynthetic Proteins. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 158:111-136. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Stieger KR, Feifel SC, Lokstein H, Lisdat F. Advanced unidirectional photocurrent generation via cytochrome c as reaction partner for directed assembly of photosystem I. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15667-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Engineering biohybrid photodiodes using surface-fixed cytochrome c as scaffold for efficiently connecting photosystem I with electrodes in 3D protein architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R. Stieger
- Biosystems Technology
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau
- D-15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Sven C. Feifel
- Biosystems Technology
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau
- D-15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institute for Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology
- Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau
- D-15745 Wildau, Germany
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10
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Yan X, Faulkner CJ, Jennings GK, Cliffel DE. Photosystem I in Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:15080-15086. [PMID: 23009258 DOI: 10.1021/la302611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a membrane protein complex that generates photoinduced electrons and transfers them across the thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis. The PSI complex, separated from spinach leaves, was spread onto the air-water interface as a monolayer and transferred onto a gold electrode surface that was precoated with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The electrochemical properties of the transferred PSI monolayer, including cyclic voltammetry and photoinduced chronoamperometry, were measured. The results showed that PSI retained its bioactivity after the manipulation. Its capability of converting photoenergy into electrical potential was demonstrated by its reducing an electron acceptor, dichloroindophenol (DCIP), and by oxidizing an electron donor, sodium ascorbate (ASC). We have shown that the protein has two possible orientations at the water interface. The orientation distribution was determined by comparing the controlled reductive and oxidative photocurrents generated from Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
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11
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LeBlanc G, Chen G, Jennings GK, Cliffel DE. Photoreduction of catalytic platinum particles using immobilized multilayers of Photosystem I. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7952-7956. [PMID: 22577992 DOI: 10.1021/la301019t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using the abundance of available electrons generated by immobilized multilayers of the photoactive protein complex Photosystem I (PSI), we have photoreduced platinum particles that are catalytically active for the H(2)/H(+) redox couple. The resulting platinized PSI films were optimized using electrochemical measurements and then characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). These results demonstrate a novel method for generating immobilized platinum catalysts that are readily available on the surface of a photoactive PSI multilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
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12
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Ciesielski PN, Cliffel DE, Jennings GK. Kinetic Model of the Photocatalytic Effect of a Photosystem I Monolayer on a Planar Electrode Surface. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3326-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200134h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Ciesielski
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 350106, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37234-0106, United States
| | - David E. Cliffel
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 350106, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37234-0106, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - G. Kane Jennings
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 350106, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37234-0106, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2400 Highland Avenue, 107 Olin Hall, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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13
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Bell PD, Xin Y, Blankenship RE. Purification and characterization of cytochrome c(6) from Acaryochloris marina. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 102:43-51. [PMID: 19680778 PMCID: PMC3947841 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c(6), (cyt c(6)) a soluble monoheme electron transport protein, was isolated and characterized from the chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium Acaryochoris marina, the type strain MBIC11017. The protein was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration column chromatography, and fast performance liquid chromatography. Its molecular mass and pI have been determined to be 8.87 kDa and less than 4.2, respectively, by mass spectrometry and isoelectrofocusing (IEF). The protein has an alpha helical structure as indicated by CD (circular dichroism) spectroscopy and a reduction midpoint potential (E(m)) of +327 mV versus the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) as determined by redox potentiometry. Its potential role in electron transfer processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| | - Yueyong Xin
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| | - Robert E. Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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14
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Tagliazucchi M, Calvo EJ. Electrochemically Active Polyelectrolyte‐Modified Electrodes. CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTRODES 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527627059.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Fourmond V, Lagoutte B, Sétif P, Leibl W, Demaille C. Electrochemical study of a reconstituted photosynthetic electron-transfer chain. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:9201-9. [PMID: 17602558 DOI: 10.1021/ja0714787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multi-enzyme electron-transfer chain involving solubilized photosystem I (PSI) as photocatalytic unit, cytochrome c6 and ferredoxin as electron carriers and ferredoxin/NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR) as electron acceptor was reconstituted in an electrochemical cell and studied by cyclic voltammetry. The working gold electrodes were modified to react selectively with cytochrome c6. Quantitative analysis of the photocatalytic current under continuous illumination allowed the determination of the values kon and koff for the ferredoxin/PSI interaction. An efficient recycling system for NADPH was established, and the dissociation constant of the oxidized ferredoxin/semiquinone FNR complex was extracted by modeling the catalytic efficiency of the chain as a function of ferredoxin concentration. The value determined hereby is consistent with a shift of -50 to -100 mV of the reduction potential of ferredoxin when complexed with FNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fourmond
- CEA, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, URA 2096, Gif sur Yvette, F-91191, France
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16
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Ciobanu M, Kincaid HA, Lo V, Dukes AD, Kane Jennings G, Cliffel DE. Electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry of photosystem I adsorbed on hydroxyl-terminated monolayers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Alcantara K, Munge B, Pendon Z, Frank HA, Rusling JF. Thin Film Voltammetry of Spinach Photosystem II. Proton-Gated Electron Transfer Involving the Mn4 Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:14930-7. [PMID: 17105304 DOI: 10.1021/ja0645537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thin film voltammetry was used to obtain direct, reversible, electron-transfer peaks between electrodes and the spinach photosystem II (PS II) reaction center in lipid films for the first time. Three well-defined pairs of reduction-oxidation peaks were found using cyclic and square wave voltammetry at 4 degrees C at pH 7.5, reflecting direct, reversible electron transfer involving cofactors of PS II. These peaks were assigned to the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) tetramanganese cluster (Em = 0.2 V vs NHE), quinones (Em = -0.29 V), and pheophytin (Em = -0.72 V). PS II that was depleted of the OEC did not give the peak at 0.2 V. Observed Em values, especially for the OEC, may be influenced by protein-lipid interactions and electrode double-layer effects. Voltammetry at pH 6 and at pH 7.5 with a time window of >100 ms revealed that the manganese cluster oxidation is gated by slow deprotonation of a reduced form. Additional rapid protonation/deprotonation steps are also involved in the electrochemical reduction-oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrisna Alcantara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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Badura A, Esper B, Ataka K, Grunwald C, Wöll C, Kuhlmann J, Heberle J, Rögner M. Light-Driven Water Splitting for (Bio-)Hydrogen Production: Photosystem 2 as the Central Part of a Bioelectrochemical Device. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:1385-90. [PMID: 16898857 DOI: 10.1562/2006-07-14-rc-969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To establish a semiartificial device for (bio-)hydrogen production utilizing photosynthetic water oxidation, we report on the immobilization of a Photosystem 2 on electrode surfaces. For this purpose, an isolated Photosystem 2 with a genetically introduced His tag from the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus was attached onto gold electrodes modified with thiolates bearing terminal Ni(II)-nitrilotriacetic acid groups. Surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy showed the binding kinetics of Photosystem 2, whereas surface plasmon resonance measurements allowed the amount of protein adsorbed to be quantified. On the basis of these data, the surface coverage was calculated to be 0.29 pmol protein cm(-2), which is in agreement with the formation of a monomolecular film on the electrode surface. Upon illumination, the generation of a photocurrent was observed with current densities of up to 14 microA cm(-2) . This photocurrent is clearly dependent on light quality showing an action spectrum similar to an isolated Photosystem 2. The achieved current densities are equivalent to the highest reported oxygen evolution activities in solution under comparable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Badura
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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Nakamura A, Suzawa T, Kato Y, Watanabe T. Significant species-dependence of P700 redox potential as verified by spectroelectrochemistry: Comparison of spinach andTheromosynechococcus elongatus. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:2273-6. [PMID: 15848157 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The redox potentials of P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem (PS) I, of spinach and Thermosynechococcus elongatus were determined by means of spectroelectrochemistry with an error range of +/-2-3 mV, to find that the redox potential of P700 in T. elongatus is lower by ca. 50 mV as compared with spinach. The shift in the P700 redox potential of PS I core particles prepared by harsh detergent treatments remained to within 10 mV for both organisms. These results show that the 50 mV difference in the P700 redox potential between the two organisms is not a detergent-induced artifact but reflects an intrinsic property of each PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Nakamura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Ciobanu M, Kincaid HA, Jennings GK, Cliffel DE. Photosystem I patterning imaged by scanning electrochemical microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:692-698. [PMID: 15641841 DOI: 10.1021/la048075u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first directed adsorption of Photosystem I (PSI) on patterned surfaces containing discrete regions of methyl- and hydroxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. SAM and PSI patterns are characterized by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The insulating protein complex layer blocks the electron transfer of the SECM mediator, thereby reducing the electrochemical current significantly. Uniformly and densely packed adsorbed protein layers are observed with SECM. Pattern images correlate with our previous studies where we showed that low-energy surfaces (e.g., CH3-terminated) inhibit PSI adsorption in the presence of Triton X-100, whereas high-energy surfaces (e.g., OH-terminated) enable adsorption. Therefore, a SAM pattern with alternating methyl and hydroxyl surface regions allows PSI adsorption only on the hydroxyl surface, and this is demonstrated in the resulting SECM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Ciobanu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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