1
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Sun Y, Liu X, Huang W, Le S, Yan J. Structural domain in the Titin N2B-us region binds to FHL2 in a force-activation dependent manner. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4496. [PMID: 38802383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Titin N2B unique sequence (N2B-us) is a 572 amino acid sequence that acts as an elastic spring to regulate muscle passive elasticity. It is thought to lack stable tertiary structures and is a force-bearing region that is regulated by mechanical stretching. In this study, the conformation of N2B-us and its interaction with four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) are investigated using AlphaFold2 predictions and single-molecule experimental validation. Surprisingly, a stable alpha/beta structural domain is predicted and confirmed in N2B-us that can be mechanically unfolded at forces of a few piconewtons. Additionally, more than twenty FHL2 LIM domain binding sites are predicted to spread throughout N2B-us. Single-molecule manipulation experiments reveals the force-dependent binding of FHL2 to the N2B-us structural domain. These findings provide insights into the mechano-sensing functions of N2B-us and its interactions with FHL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Sun
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuyao Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenmao Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Biological Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, China.
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2
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Torres R, Thal LB, McBride JR, Cohen BE, Rosenthal SJ. Quantum Dot Fluorescent Imaging: Using Atomic Structure Correlation Studies to Improve Photophysical Properties. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:3632-3640. [PMID: 38476823 PMCID: PMC10926165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to study intricate, higher-order cellular functions have called for fluorescence imaging under physiologically relevant conditions such as tissue systems in simulated native buffers. This endeavor has presented novel challenges for fluorescent probes initially designed for use in simple buffers and monolayer cell culture. Among current fluorescent probes, semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), offer superior photophysical properties that are the products of their nanoscale architectures and chemical formulations. While their high brightness and photostability are ideal for these biological environments, even state of the art QDs can struggle under certain physiological conditions. A recent method correlating electron microscopy ultrastructure with single-QD fluorescence has begun to highlight subtle structural defects in QDs once believed to have no significant impact on photoluminescence (PL). Specific defects, such as exposed core facets, have been shown to quench QD PL in physiologically accurate conditions. For QD-based imaging in complex cellular systems to be fully realized, mechanistic insight and structural optimization of size and PL should be established. Insight from single QD resolution atomic structure and photophysical correlative studies provides a direct course to synthetically tune QDs to match these challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Torres
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Lucas B. Thal
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - James R. McBride
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Bruce E. Cohen
- The
Molecular Foundry and Division of Molecular Biophysics & Integrated
Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sandra J. Rosenthal
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
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3
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Ye Y, Liu S, Lei H, Lv L, Qin H, Fang W, Peng X. Suppressed Magnitude of Spectral Diffusion in Cube-Shaped CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Exceedingly Stable Photoluminescence. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2712-2718. [PMID: 38407061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are promising candidates for quantum light sources, yet their application has been impeded by photoluminescence instability due to blinking and spectral diffusion. This study introduces a new category of cube-shaped CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with exceptionally stable photoluminescence characteristics. Under continuous excitation, the emissive quantum state remained consistent without alterations of the charge state for 4000 s, and the average photon energy variation stayed within the bounds of spectral resolution throughout this extended duration. Systematic examination of single-nanocrystal photoluminescence, upon variation of the core and shell dimensions, revealed that a thicker CdS shell and increased core edge length significantly curtail spectral diffusion, considering that the nanocrystals possess well-controlled CdSe-CdS and facet-ligand interfaces. This study advances the optimization of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals as high-performance quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Ye
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haixin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liulin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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4
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Wang Z, Tang J, Han J, Xia J, Ma T, Chen XW. Bright Nonblinking Photoluminescence with Blinking Lifetime from a Nanocavity-Coupled Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1761-1768. [PMID: 38261791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are excellent luminescent nanomaterials for many optoelectronic applications. However, photoluminescence blinking has limited their practical use. Coupling QDs to plasmonic nanostructures shows potential in suppressing blinking. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and debated, hampering the development of bright nonblinking dots. Here, by deterministically coupling a QD to a plasmonic nanocavity, we clarify the mechanism and demonstrate unprecedented single-QD brightness. In particular, we report for the first time that a blinking QD could obtain nonblinking photoluminescence with a blinking lifetime through coupling to the nanocavity. We show that the plasmon-enhanced radiative decay outcompetes the nonradiative Auger process, enabling similar quantum yields for charged and neutral excitons in the same dot. Meanwhile, we demonstrate a record photon detection rate of 17 MHz from a colloidal QD, indicating an experimental photon generation rate of more than 500 MHz. These findings pave the way for ultrabright nonblinking QDs, benefiting diverse QD-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Han
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianzi Ma
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
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5
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Fu W, Yin J, Cao H, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Fu J, Warner JH, Wang C, Jia X, Greaves GN, Cheetham AK. Non-Blinking Luminescence from Charged Single Graphene Quantum Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304074. [PMID: 37395476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence blinking behavior from single quantum dots under steady illumination is an important but controversial topic. Its occurrence has impeded the use of single quantum dots in bioimaging. Different mechanisms have been proposed to account for it, although controversial, the most important of which is the non-radiative Auger recombination mechanism whereby photocharging of quantum dots can lead to the blinking phenomenon. Here, the singly charged trion, which maintains photon emission, including radiative recombination and non-radiative Auger recombination, leads to fluorescence non-blinking which is observed in photocharged single graphene quantum dots (GQDs). This phenomenon can be explained in terms of different energy levels in the GQDs, caused by various oxygen-containing functional groups in the single GQDs. The suppressed blinking is due to the filling of trap sites owing to a Coulomb blockade. These results provide a profound understanding of the special optical properties of GQDs, affording a reference for further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiefu Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huaqiang Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhongfu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - G Neville Greaves
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3BZ, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Anthony K Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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6
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Nguyen HA, Dixon G, Dou FY, Gallagher S, Gibbs S, Ladd DM, Marino E, Ondry JC, Shanahan JP, Vasileiadou ES, Barlow S, Gamelin DR, Ginger DS, Jonas DM, Kanatzidis MG, Marder SR, Morton D, Murray CB, Owen JS, Talapin DV, Toney MF, Cossairt BM. Design Rules for Obtaining Narrow Luminescence from Semiconductors Made in Solution. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37311205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed semiconductors are in demand for present and next-generation optoelectronic technologies ranging from displays to quantum light sources because of their scalability and ease of integration into devices with diverse form factors. One of the central requirements for semiconductors used in these applications is a narrow photoluminescence (PL) line width. Narrow emission line widths are needed to ensure both color and single-photon purity, raising the question of what design rules are needed to obtain narrow emission from semiconductors made in solution. In this review, we first examine the requirements for colloidal emitters for a variety of applications including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and quantum information science. Next, we will delve into the sources of spectral broadening, including "homogeneous" broadening from dynamical broadening mechanisms in single-particle spectra, heterogeneous broadening from static structural differences in ensemble spectra, and spectral diffusion. Then, we compare the current state of the art in terms of emission line width for a variety of colloidal materials including II-VI quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets, III-V QDs, alloyed QDs, metal-halide perovskites including nanocrystals and 2D structures, doped nanocrystals, and, finally, as a point of comparison, organic molecules. We end with some conclusions and connections, including an outline of promising paths forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Grant Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Stephen Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dylan M Ladd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - James P Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David M Jonas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel Morton
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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7
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Chandrasiri HB, Jing H, Perera T, Hu YS, Snee PT. Fluorescence Intermittency of Quantum Dot-Organic Dye Conjugates: Implications for Alternative Energy and Biological Imaging. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3621-3626. [PMID: 37023397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD)-organic dye couple chromophores are topical due to their applications in biology, catalysis, and energy. The maximization of energy transfer efficiency can be guided by the underlying Förster or Dexter mechanisms; however, the impact of fluorescence intermittency must also be considered. Here we demonstrate that the average ⟨ton⟩ and ⟨toff⟩ times of dye acceptors in coupled QD-dye chromophores are substantially affected by the donors' blinking behavior. With regard to biological imaging, this effect beneficially minimizes the photobleaching of the acceptor dye. The implications for alternative energy are less encouraging as the acceptors' capacity to store energy, using ⟨ton⟩/⟨toff⟩ as a metric, was reduced by as much as ∼95%. These detrimental effects can be mitigated by suppressing QD blinking via surface treatment. This study also demonstrates several instances of the nonconformity of QD blinking dynamics to a power law distribution, as a robust examination of the off times reveals log-normal behavior that is consistent with the Albery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashini B Chandrasiri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Haoran Jing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Thilini Perera
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Ying S Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Preston T Snee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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8
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Li WY, Yin S, Huang SW, Yang MH, Chen PM, Wu SR, Welsher K, Yang H, Arthur Chen YM. The trajectory patterns of single HIV-1 virus-like particle in live CD4 cells: A real time three-dimensional multi-resolution microscopy study using encapsulated nonblinking giant quantum dot. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:257-266. [PMID: 36127231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exploration of virology knowledge was limited by the optical technology for the observation of virus. Previously, a three-dimensional multi-resolution real-time microscope system (3D-MRM) was developed to observe the uptake of HIV-1-tat peptide-modified nanoparticles in cell membrane. In this study, we labeled HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) with passivated giant quantum dots (gQDs) and recorded their interactive trajectories with human Jurkat CD4 cells through 3D-MRM. METHODS The labeled of gQDs of the HIV-1 VLPs in sucrose-gradient purified viral lysates was first confirmed by Cryo-electronic microscopy and Western blot assay. After the infection with CD4 cells, the gQD-labeled VLPs were visualized and their extracellular and intracellular trajectories were recorded by 3D-MRM. RESULTS A total of 208 prime trajectories was identified and classified into three distinct patterns: cell-free random diffusion pattern, directional movement pattern and cell-associated movement pattern, with distributions and mean durations were 72.6%/87.6 s, 9.1%/402.7 s and 18.3%/68.7 s, respectively. Further analysis of the spatial-temporal relationship between VLP trajectories and CD4 cells revealed the three stages of interactions: (1) cell-associated (extracellular) diffusion stage, (2) cell membrane surfing stage and (3) intracellular directional movement stage. CONCLUSION A complete trajectory of HIV-1 VLP interacting with CD4 cells was presented in animation. This encapsulating method could increase the accuracy for the observation of HIV-1-CD4 cell interaction in real time and three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-You Li
- Laboratory of Important Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Shuhui Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Szu-Wei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Patricia Mt Chen
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Welsher
- French Family Science Center, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Haw Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Laboratory of Important Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
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9
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Shi J, Sun W, Utzat H, Farahvash A, Gao FY, Zhang Z, Barotov U, Willard AP, Nelson KA, Bawendi MG. All-optical fluorescence blinking control in quantum dots with ultrafast mid-infrared pulses. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1355-1361. [PMID: 34811550 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence intermittency is a ubiquitous phenomenon, reducing the temporal emission intensity stability of single colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and the emission quantum yield of their ensembles. Despite efforts to achieve blinking reduction by chemical engineering of the QD architecture and its environment, blinking still poses barriers to the application of QDs, particularly in single-particle tracking in biology or in single-photon sources. Here, we demonstrate a deterministic all-optical suppression of QD blinking using a compound technique of visible and mid-infrared excitation. We show that moderate-field ultrafast mid-infrared pulses (5.5 μm, 150 fs) can switch the emission from a charged, low quantum yield grey trion state to the bright exciton state in CdSe/CdS core-shell QDs, resulting in a significant reduction of the QD intensity flicker. Quantum-tunnelling simulations suggest that the mid-infrared fields remove the excess charge from trions with reduced emission quantum yield to restore higher brightness exciton emission. Our approach can be integrated with existing single-particle tracking or super-resolution microscopy techniques without any modification to the sample and translates to other emitters presenting charging-induced photoluminescence intermittencies, such as single-photon emissive defects in diamond and two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ardavan Farahvash
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frank Y Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhuquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ulugbek Barotov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Gvozdev DA, Maksimov EG, Strakhovskaya MG, Pashchenko VZ, Rubin AB. Hybrid Complexes of Photosensitizers with Luminescent Nanoparticles: Design of the Structure. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:24-37. [PMID: 34707895 PMCID: PMC8526191 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of the photodynamic action of the dyes used in photodynamic therapy is crucial in the field of modern biomedicine. There are two main approaches used to increase the efficiency of photosensitizers. The first one is targeted delivery to the object of photodynamic action, while the second one is increasing the absorption capacity of the molecule. Both approaches can be implemented by producing dye-nanoparticle conjugates. In this review, we focus on the features of the latter approach, when nanoparticles act as a light-harvesting agent and nonradiatively transfer the electronic excitation energy to a photosensitizer molecule. We will consider the hybrid photosensitizer-quantum dot complexes with energy transfer occurring according to the inductive-resonance mechanism as an example. The principle consisting in optimizing the design of hybrid complexes is proposed after an analysis of the published data; the parameters affecting the efficiency of energy transfer and the generation of reactive oxygen species in such systems are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Gvozdev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - E. G. Maksimov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - M. G. Strakhovskaya
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - V. Z. Pashchenko
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - A. B. Rubin
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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11
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Chouhan L, Ito S, Thomas EM, Takano Y, Ghimire S, Miyasaka H, Biju V. Real-Time Blinking Suppression of Perovskite Quantum Dots by Halide Vacancy Filling. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2831-2838. [PMID: 33417451 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the excellent optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites, the ionic and electronic defects adversely affect the stability and durability of perovskites and their devices. These defects, intrinsic or produced by environmental factors such as oxygen, moisture, or light, not only cause chemical reactions that disintegrate the structure and properties of perovskites but also induce undesired photoluminescence blinking to perovskite quantum dots and nanocrystals. Blinking is also caused by the nonradiative Auger processes in the photocharged quantum dots or nanocrystals. Herein, we find real-time suppression of halide vacancy-assisted nonradiative exciton recombination and photoluminescence blinking in MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 perovskite quantum dots by filling the vacancies using halide precursors (MABr and MAI). Also, halide vacancy filling increases the photoluminescence quantum efficiencies and lifetimes of the quantum dots. We estimate the rates of halide vacancy-assisted nonradiative recombination at 1 × 108 s-1 for MAPbBr3 and 1.9 × 109 s-1 for MAPbI3 quantum dots. The real-time blinking suppression using the halide precursors and statistical analysis of the ON/OFF blinking time reveal that the halide vacancies contribute to the type-A blinking through charging and discharging. Conversely, the blinking of the quantum dots after halide vacancy filling is dominated by the type-B mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Chouhan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Mariam Thomas
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Yuta Takano
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Sushant Ghimire
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
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12
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13
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Dahlberg PD, Perez D, Su Z, Chiu W, Moerner WE. Cryogenic Correlative Single‐Particle Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and Electron Tomography for Investigation of Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Davis Perez
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Zhaoming Su
- Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - W. E. Moerner
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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14
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Dahlberg PD, Perez D, Su Z, Chiu W, Moerner WE. Cryogenic Correlative Single-Particle Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and Electron Tomography for Investigation of Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15642-15648. [PMID: 32330371 PMCID: PMC7894979 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cryogenic single-particle photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been used with great success to directly observe the heterogeneous photophysical states present in a population of luminescent particles. Cryogenic electron tomography provides complementary nanometer scale structural information to PL spectroscopy, but the two techniques have not been correlated due to technical challenges. Here, we present a method for correlating single-particle information from these two powerful microscopy modalities. We simultaneously observe PL brightness, emission spectrum, and in-plane excitation dipole orientation of CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots suspended in vitreous ice. Stable and fluctuating emitters were observed, as well as a surprising splitting of the PL spectrum into two bands with an average energy separation of 80 meV. In some cases, the onset of the splitting corresponded to changes in the in-plane excitation dipole orientation. These dynamics were assigned to structures of individual quantum dots and the excitation dipoles were visualized in the context of structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Dahlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Davis Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhaoming Su
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - W E Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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15
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Kim J, Lee SH, Im SH, Hong KH. Phase Selection of Cesium Lead Triiodides through Surface Ligand Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4232-4238. [PMID: 32374609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) perovskite is a promising candidate for stable light absorbers and red-light-emitting sources due to its outstanding stability. Phase engineering is the most important approach for the commercialization of CsPbI3 because the optically inactive nonperovskite structure is more stable than three-dimensional (3-D) perovskite lattices at ambient temperature. This study presents an in-depth evaluation to find the optimum surface ligand and to reveal the mechanism of phase stabilization by surface ligands. Thermodynamic evaluations combined with density functional theory calculations indicate the criteria for forming stable 3-D CsPbI3 perovskites under surface and volume free energy competition between perovskite and nonperovskite phases. Comparative calculations for ammonium, alcohol, and thiol groups show that ammonium groups enhance the phase stability of 3-D perovskites the most. In addition, ammonium-passivated CsPbI3 is relatively robust against defect formation and H2O adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseob Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Im
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki-Ha Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
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16
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Hu Z, Liu S, Qin H, Zhou J, Peng X. Oxygen Stabilizes Photoluminescence of CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots via Deionization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4254-4264. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hu
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Zhou
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Antolinez FV, Rabouw FT, Rossinelli AA, Cui J, Norris DJ. Observation of Electron Shakeup in CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8495-8502. [PMID: 31686517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While ensembles of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) show remarkably narrow photoluminescence line widths at room temperature, adding a CdS shell to increase their fluorescence efficiency and photostability causes line width broadening. Moreover, ensemble emission spectra of CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs become strongly asymmetric at cryogenic temperatures. If the origin of these effects were understood, this could potentially lead to stable core/shell NPLs with narrower emission, which would be advantageous for applications. To move in this direction, we report time-resolved emission spectra of individual CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs at 4 K. We observe surprisingly complex emission spectra that contain multiple spectrally narrow emission features that change during the experiment. With machine-learning algorithms, we can extract characteristic peak energy differences in these spectra. We show that they are consistent with electron "shakeup lines" from negatively charged trions. In this process, an electron-hole pair recombines radiatively but gives part of its energy to the remaining electron by exciting it into a higher single-electron level. This "shakeup" mechanism is enabled in our NPLs due to strong exciton binding and weak lateral confinement of the charge carriers. Time-resolved single-photon-counting measurements and numerical calculations suggest that spectral jumps in the emission features originate from fluctuations in the confinement potential caused by microscopic structural changes on the NPL surface (e.g., due to mobile surface charges). Our results provide valuable insights into line width broadening mechanisms in colloidal NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Antolinez
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Aurelio A Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jian Cui
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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19
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Bentz BZ, Lin D, Patel JA, Webb KJ. Multiresolution Localization with Temporal Scanning for Super-Resolution Diffuse Optical Imaging of Fluorescence. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING SOCIETY 2019; 29:10.1109/TIP.2019.2931080. [PMID: 31403412 PMCID: PMC7012689 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2019.2931080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A super-resolution optical imaging method is presented that relies on the distinct temporal information associated with each fluorescent optical reporter to determine its spatial position to high precision with measurements of heavily scattered light. This multiple-emitter localization approach uses a diffusion equation forward model in a cost function, and has the potential to achieve micron-scale spatial resolution through centimeters of tissue. Utilizing some degree of temporal separation for the reporter emissions, position and emission strength are determined using a computationally efficient time stripping multiresolution algorithm. The approach circumvents the spatial resolution challenges faced by earlier optical imaging approaches using a diffusion equation forward model, and is promising for in vivo applications. For example, in principle, the method could be used to localize individual neurons firing throughout a rodent brain, enabling direct imaging of neural network activity.
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20
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Nicoli F, Zhang T, Hübner K, Jin B, Selbach F, Acuna G, Argyropoulos C, Liedl T, Pilo-Pais M. DNA-Mediated Self-Assembly of Plasmonic Antennas with a Single Quantum Dot in the Hot Spot. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804418. [PMID: 30734483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA self-assembly is a powerful tool to arrange optically active components with high accuracy in a large parallel manner. A facile approach to assemble plasmonic antennas consisting of two metallic nanoparticles (40 nm) with a single colloidal quantum dot positioned at the hot spot is presented here. The design approach is based on DNA complementarity, stoichiometry, and steric hindrance principles. Since no intermediate molecules other than short DNA strands are required, the structures possess a very small gap (≈ 5 nm) which is desired to achieve high Purcell factors and plasmonic enhancement. As a proof-of-concept, the fluorescence emission from antennas assembled with both conventional and ultrasmooth spherical gold particles is measured. An increase in fluorescence is obtained, up to ≈30-fold, compared to quantum dots without antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nicoli
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München (LMU), 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München (LMU), 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Boyuan Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Florian Selbach
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Guillermo Acuna
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christos Argyropoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München (LMU), 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Mauricio Pilo-Pais
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München (LMU), 80539, Munich, Germany
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21
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Limiting the Spectral Diffusion of Nano-Scale Light Emitters using the Purcell effect in a Photonic-Confined Environment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1195. [PMID: 30718590 PMCID: PMC6362058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial suppression of the spectral diffusion of quantum dot (QD) excitons tuned to resonance of a nano-photonic cavity is reported. The suppression is caused by the Purcell enhancement of the QD-exciton recombination rate, which alters the rate of charging of the solid-state environment by the QD itself. The effect can be used to spectrally-stabilize solid-state emitters of single photons and other non-classical states of light.
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22
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Hanczarek I, Kenna AJ, Lindensmith C, Nadeau J. Performance of Fluorescent Cell-Labeling Dyes under Simulated Europa Mission Radiation Doses. Radiat Res 2018; 190:634. [PMID: 30325265 DOI: 10.1667/rr15187.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the performance of several commonly used fluorescent dyes after exposure to a simulated Europa mission total ionizing radiation dose of 300 krad (3 kGy) applied using a 60Co source. Dyes irradiated in aqueous solution or as lyophilized powders were evaluated for absorbance and emission spectra, quantum yield, and where appropriate, ability to label cells or nucleic acids. Although some dyes showed significant increase or decrease in quantum yield with the dose, their spectra and cell-labeling properties remained essentially unchanged after irradiation in powder form. Irradiation in aqueous solution led to significantly greater changes, including a large blue shift in the DNA intercalator propidium iodide. These results suggest that many fluorescent probes are appropriate for use in astrobiological missions to Europa, but that SYTO9 and propidium iodide should be used with caution or not mixed with each other, as is commonly done in "Live/Dead" labeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Hanczarek
- a Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201
| | - Aaron J Kenna
- b Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Chris Lindensmith
- b Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Jay Nadeau
- a Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201
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23
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Thomas EM, Ghimire S, Kohara R, Anil AN, Yuyama KI, Takano Y, Thomas KG, Biju V. Blinking Suppression in Highly Excited CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots by Electron Transfer under Large Positive Gibbs (Free) Energy Change. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9060-9069. [PMID: 30103604 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots with stable photoluminescence are necessary for next generation optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Photoluminescence intensity fluctuations of cadmium and lead chalcogenide quantum dots have been extensively investigated since the first observation of blinking in CdSe nanocrystals in 1996. In a quantum dot, blinking originates from stochastic photocharging, nonradiative Auger recombination, and delayed neutralization. So far, blinking is suppressed by defect passivation, electron transfer, and shell preparation, but without any deep insight into free energy change of electron transfer. We report real-time detection of significant blinking suppression for CdSe/ZnS quantum dots exposed to N, N-dimethylaniline, which is accompanied by a considerable increase in the time-averaged photoluminescence intensity of quantum dots. Although the Gibbs (free) energy change (Δ Get = +2.24 eV), which is estimated electrochemically and from density functional theory calculations, is unfavorable for electron transfer from N, N-dimethylaniline to a quantum dot in the minimally excited (band-edge) state, electron transfer is obvious when a quantum dot is highly excited. Nonetheless, Δ Get crosses from the positive to negative scale as the solvent dielectric constant exceeds 5, favoring electron transfer from N, N-dimethylaniline to a quantum dot excited to the band-edge state. Based on single-molecule photoluminescence and ensemble electron transfer studies, we assign blinking suppression to the transfer of an electron from N, N-dimethylaniline to the hot hole state of a quantum dot. In addition to blinking suppression by electron transfer, complete removal of blinking is limited by short-living OFF states induced by the negative trion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mariam Thomas
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Thiruvananthapuram 695551 , India
| | - Sushant Ghimire
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Reiko Kohara
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Ajith Nair Anil
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yuyama
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yuta Takano
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Thiruvananthapuram 695551 , India
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
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Abstract
It is found that, by curing the surface defects that quench photoexcited carriers, luminescence efficiency of metallic nanoparticles can be dramatically increased. For Ag nanoparticles, as much as 300 times increase in photoexcitation induced luminescence is observed upon surface adsorption of ethanethiol. The same treatment increases Au nanoparticle luminescence efficiency by a factor of 3. A model based on the elimination of surface defects by the sulfur-metal bond formed upon thiol adsorption can quantitatively account for the observations, which also indicate that nanoparticles without proper surface treatment typically have low luminescence quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gan
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Bolei Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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25
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Ghimire S, Sivadas A, Yuyama KI, Takano Y, Francis R, Biju V. Quantum dot-polymer conjugates for stable luminescent displays. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13368-13374. [PMID: 29790552 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The broad absorption of light in the UV-Vis-NIR region and the size-based tunable photoluminescence color of semiconductor quantum dots make these tiny crystals one of the most attractive antennae in solar cells and phosphors in electrooptical devices. One of the primary requirements for such real-world applications of quantum dots is their stable and uniform distribution in optically transparent matrices. In this work, we prepare transparent thin films of polymer-quantum dot conjugates, where CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are uniformly distributed at high densities in a chitosan-polystyrene copolymer (CS-g-PS) matrix. Here, quantum dots in an aqueous solution are conjugated to the copolymer by a phase transfer reaction. With the stable conjugation of quantum dots to the copolymer, we prevent undesired phase separation between the two and aggregation of quantum dots. Furthermore, the conjugate allows us to prepare transparent thin films in which quantum dots are uniformly distributed at high densities. The CS-g-PS copolymer helps us in not only preserving the photoluminescence properties of quantum dots in the film but also rendering excellent photostability to quantum dots at the ensemble and single particle levels, making the conjugate a promising material for photoluminescence-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Ghimire
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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26
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Yang J, Dong C, Ren J. Chiral ligand‐induced photoluminescence intermittence difference of CdTe quantum dots. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:1150-1156. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chaoqing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
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27
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Yang C, Zhang G, Feng L, Li B, Li Z, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Jia S. Suppressing the photobleaching and photoluminescence intermittency of single near-infrared CdSeTe/ZnS quantum dots with p-phenylenediamine. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:11889-11902. [PMID: 29716105 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.011889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic photobleaching and photoluminescence (PL) intermittency of single quantum dots (QDs), originating from photo-oxidation and photo-ionization respectively, are roadblocks for most single-dot applications. Here, we effectively suppress the photobleaching and the PL intermittency of single near-infrared emitting QDs with p-phenylenediamine (PPD). The PPD cannot only be used as a high-efficient reducing agent to remove reactive oxygen species around QDs to suppress the photo-oxidation, but can also bond with the surface defect sites of single QDs to reduce electron trap states to suppress the photo-ionization. It is shown that the survival time of single QDs, the on-state probability of PL intensity traces, and the total number of emitted photons are significantly increased for single QDs in PPD compared with that on glass coverslip.
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28
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Cui Y, Cui X, Zhang L, Xie Y, Yang M. Theoretical characterization on the size-dependent electron and hole trapping activity of chloride-passivated CdSe nanoclusters. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5023408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Xie
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingli Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
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Ghimire S, Biju V. Relations of exciton dynamics in quantum dots to photoluminescence, lasing, and energy harvesting. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Lee J, Feng X, Chen O, Bawendi MG, Huang J. Stable, small, specific, low-valency quantum dots for single-molecule imaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4406-4414. [PMID: 29451567 PMCID: PMC5866912 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08673c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a strategy for synthesizing immediately activable, water-soluble, compact (∼10-12 nm hydrodynamic diameter) quantum dots with a small number of stable and controllable conjugation handles for long distance delivery and subsequent biomolecule conjugation. Upon covalent conjugation with engineered monovalent streptavidin, the sample results in a population consisting of low-valency quantum dots. Alternatively, we have synthesized quantum dots with a small number of biotin molecules that can self-assemble with engineered divalent streptavidin via high-affinity biotin-streptavidin interactions. Being compact, stable and highly specific against biotinylated proteins of interest, these low-valency quantum dots are ideal for labeling and tracking single molecules on the cell surface with high spatiotemporal resolution for different biological systems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Xinyi Feng
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St. Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | - Jun Huang
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago
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31
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Using of Quantum Dots in Biology and Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1048:323-334. [PMID: 29453547 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots are nanoparticles, which due to their unique physical and chemical (first of all optical) properties, are promising in biology and medicine. There are many ways for quantum dots synthesis, both in the form of nanoislands self-forming on the surfaces, which can be used as single-photon emitters in electronics for storing information, and in the form of colloidal quantum dots for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in living systems. The paper describes the main methods of quantum dots synthesis and summarizes medical and biological ways of their use. The main emphasis is laid on the ways of quantum dots surface modification. Influence of the size and form of nanoparticles, charge on the surfaces of quantum dots, and cover type on the efficiency of internalization by cells and cell compartments is shown. The main mechanisms of penetration are considered.
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32
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Roy D, Mandal S, De CK, Kumar K, Mandal PK. Nearly suppressed photoluminescence blinking of small-sized, blue–green–orange–red emitting single CdSe-based core/gradient alloy shell/shell quantum dots: correlation between truncation time and photoluminescence quantum yield. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10332-10344. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00952j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nearly suppressed PL blinking of small sized CdSe based CGASS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Saptarshi Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Chayan K. De
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Kaushalendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Prasun K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
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33
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Chandrasekaran V, Tessier MD, Dupont D, Geiregat P, Hens Z, Brainis E. Nearly Blinking-Free, High-Purity Single-Photon Emission by Colloidal InP/ZnSe Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6104-6109. [PMID: 28895398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal core/shell InP/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs), recently produced using an improved synthesis method, have a great potential in life-science applications as well as in integrated quantum photonics and quantum information processing as single-photon emitters. Single-particle spectroscopy of 10 nm QDs with 3.2 nm cores reveals strong photon antibunching attributed to fast (70 ps) Auger recombination of multiple excitons. The QDs exhibit very good photostability under strong optical excitation. We demonstrate that the antibunching is preserved when the QDs are excited above the saturation intensity of the fundamental-exciton transition. This result paves the way toward their usage as high-purity on-demand single-photon emitters at room temperature. Unconventionally, despite the strong Auger blockade mechanism, InP/ZnSe QDs also display very little luminescence intermittency ("blinking"), with a simple on/off blinking pattern. The analysis of single-particle luminescence statistics places these InP/ZnSe QDs in the class of nearly blinking-free QDs, with emission stability comparable to state-of-the-art thick-shell and alloyed-interface CdSe/CdS, but with improved single-photon purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Chandrasekaran
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Mickaël D Tessier
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Dorian Dupont
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Edouard Brainis
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
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34
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Wichner SM, Mann VR, Powers AS, Segal MA, Mir M, Bandaria J, DeWitt MA, Darzacq X, Yildiz A, Cohen BE. Covalent Protein Labeling and Improved Single-Molecule Optical Properties of Aqueous CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6773-6781. [PMID: 28618223 PMCID: PMC5891212 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have proven to be superior probes for single-molecule imaging compared to organic or genetically encoded fluorophores, but they are limited by difficulties in protein targeting, their larger size, and on-off blinking. Here, we report compact aqueous CdSe/CdS QDs with significantly improved bioconjugation efficiency and superior single-molecule optical properties. We have synthesized covalent protein labeling ligands (i.e., SNAP tags) that are optimized for nanoparticle use, and QDs functionalized with these ligands label SNAP-tagged proteins ∼10-fold more efficiently than existing SNAP ligands. Single-molecule analysis of these QDs shows 99% of time spent in the fluorescent on-state, ∼4-fold higher quantum efficiency than standard CdSe/ZnS QDs, and 350 million photons detected before photobleaching. Bright signals of these QDs enable us to track the stepping movement of a kinesin motor in vitro, and the improved labeling efficiency enables tracking of single kinesins in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Wichner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Victor R. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Alexander S. Powers
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Maya A. Segal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Mustafa Mir
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jigar Bandaria
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Mark A. DeWitt
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Bruce E. Cohen
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Corresponding authors: ,
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35
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Xu H, Brismar H, Fu Y. Influence of surface states on blinking characteristics of single colloidal CdSe-CdS/ZnS core-multishell quantum dot. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [PMID: 28645036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We carefully characterized the fluorescence blinking of single colloidal CdSe-CdS/ZnS core-multishell quantum dots (QDs) with different surface modifications, including octadecylamine (ODA) coated QDs dispersed in chloroform, aqueous 3-mercaptopropionic acids (3MPA) coated QDs in HEPES solution treated by Ca2+ ions and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA, Ca2+ chelator), and aqueous 3MPA-QDs treated by glycerol. It was found that the on- and off-state probability density distributions displayed different rules. The off-state probability density distributions of all QDs complied well with the inverse power law, while the on-state probability density distributions bended upwards in log-log scale, and the degree of the upwards-bending correlated strongly with QD surface modification and fluorescence brightness of the single QD. Further autocorrelation analysis revealed that the fluorescence time series of a single QD was more random when the single QD showed a stronger fluorescence. Realistic numerical simulations with input parameters from quantum mechanical calculations showed that the QD exciton was first generated by an excitation photon; It radiatively recombined to give QD's fluorescence response, i.e., the on-state, which displayed the upwards-bended on-state probability density distribution profile; The electron and/or the hole of the photoexcited exciton in the QD core, after tunneling to the QD surface, randomly walked through the two-dimensional network of the QD surface states, resulting in the off-state probability density distribution profile of the inverse power law. Surface modification modified the QD surface-state network, in turn modifying the on/off probability density distribution profiles. Our findings provide us with a novel highway of applying colloidal QDs to study microscopic physical, and chemical, processes in many fields including in vivo and in vitro imaging, sensing and labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Section of Cellular Biophysics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Section of Cellular Biophysics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ying Fu
- Section of Cellular Biophysics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden.
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36
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Pietryga JM, Park YS, Lim J, Fidler AF, Bae WK, Brovelli S, Klimov VI. Spectroscopic and Device Aspects of Nanocrystal Quantum Dots. Chem Rev 2017; 116:10513-622. [PMID: 27677521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The field of nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) is already more than 30 years old, and yet continuing interest in these structures is driven by both the fascinating physics emerging from strong quantum confinement of electronic excitations, as well as a large number of prospective applications that could benefit from the tunable properties and amenability toward solution-based processing of these materials. The focus of this review is on recent advances in nanocrystal research related to applications of QD materials in lasing, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and solar energy conversion. A specific underlying theme is innovative concepts for tuning the properties of QDs beyond what is possible via traditional size manipulation, particularly through heterostructuring. Examples of such advanced control of nanocrystal functionalities include the following: interface engineering for suppressing Auger recombination in the context of QD LEDs and lasers; Stokes-shift engineering for applications in large-area luminescent solar concentrators; and control of intraband relaxation for enhanced carrier multiplication in advanced QD photovoltaics. We examine the considerable recent progress on these multiple fronts of nanocrystal research, which has resulted in the first commercialized QD technologies. These successes explain the continuing appeal of this field to a broad community of scientists and engineers, which in turn ensures even more exciting results to come from future exploration of this fascinating class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Pietryga
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.,Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Jaehoon Lim
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew F Fidler
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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37
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Qin H, Meng R, Wang N, Peng X. Photoluminescence Intermittency and Photo-Bleaching of Single Colloidal Quantum Dot. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606923. [PMID: 28256776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) blinking of single colloidal quantum dot (QD)-PL intensity switching between different brightness states under constant excitation-and photo-bleaching are roadblocks for most applications of QDs. This progress report shall treat PL blinking and photo-bleaching both as photochemical events, namely, PL blinking as reversible and photo-bleaching being irreversible ones. Most studies on single-molecule spectroscopy of QDs in literature are related to PL blinking, which invites us to concentrate our discussions on the PL blinking, including its brief history in 20 years, analysis methods, competitive mechanisms and different strategies to battle it. In terms of suppression of the PL blinking, wavefunction confinement-confining photo-generated electron and hole within the core and inner portion of the shell of a core/shell QD-demonstrates significant advantages. This strategy yields nearly non-blinking QDs with their emission peaks covering most part of the visible window. As expected, the resulting QDs from this new strategy also show substantially improved anti-bleaching features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Renyang Meng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Na Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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38
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Gak VY, Tovstun SA, Spirin MG, Brichkin SB, Razumov VF. Influence of alkanethiols on fluorescence blinking of InP@ZnS colloidal quantum dots. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143917020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Probing cytoskeletal modulation of passive and active intracellular dynamics using nanobody-functionalized quantum dots. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14772. [PMID: 28322225 PMCID: PMC5364406 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasm is a highly complex and heterogeneous medium that is structured by the cytoskeleton. How local transport depends on the heterogeneous organization and dynamics of F-actin and microtubules is poorly understood. Here we use a novel delivery and functionalization strategy to utilize quantum dots (QDs) as probes for active and passive intracellular transport. Rapid imaging of non-functionalized QDs reveals two populations with a 100-fold difference in diffusion constant, with the faster fraction increasing upon actin depolymerization. When nanobody-functionalized QDs are targeted to different kinesin motor proteins, their trajectories do not display strong actin-induced transverse displacements, as suggested previously. Only kinesin-1 displays subtle directional fluctuations, because the subset of microtubules used by this motor undergoes prominent undulations. Using actin-targeting agents reveals that F-actin suppresses most microtubule shape remodelling, rather than promoting it. These results demonstrate how the spatial heterogeneity of the cytoskeleton imposes large variations in non-equilibrium intracellular dynamics.
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40
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Kairdolf BA, Qian X, Nie S. Bioconjugated Nanoparticles for Biosensing, in Vivo Imaging, and Medical Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1015-1031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Kairdolf
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ximei Qian
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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41
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Hu J, Wang ZY, Li CC, Zhang CY. Advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13284-13295. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors and their biomedical applications. We highlight their challenges and future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Zi-yue Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chen-chen Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
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42
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Moro L, Turemis M, Marini B, Ippodrino R, Giardi MT. Better together: Strategies based on magnetic particles and quantum dots for improved biosensing. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:51-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Cao H, Ma J, Huang L, Qin H, Meng R, Li Y, Peng X. Design and Synthesis of Antiblinking and Antibleaching Quantum Dots in Multiple Colors via Wave Function Confinement. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15727-15735. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hujia Cao
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junliang Ma
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Renyang Meng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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44
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Hatakeyama H, Nakahata Y, Yarimizu H, Kanzaki M. Live-cell single-molecule labeling and analysis of myosin motors with quantum dots. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:173-181. [PMID: 28035048 PMCID: PMC5221621 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a powerful tool for quantitative biology, but two challenges are associated with using them to track intracellular molecules in live cells. A simple and convenient method is presented for labeling intracellular molecules by using HaloTag technology and electroporation and is used to successfully track myosins within live cells. Quantum dots (QDs) are a powerful tool for quantitatively analyzing dynamic cellular processes by single-particle tracking. However, tracking of intracellular molecules with QDs is limited by their inability to penetrate the plasma membrane and bind to specific molecules of interest. Although several techniques for overcoming these problems have been proposed, they are either complicated or inconvenient. To address this issue, in this study, we developed a simple, convenient, and nontoxic method for labeling intracellular molecules in cells using HaloTag technology and electroporation. We labeled intracellular myosin motors with this approach and tracked their movement within cells. By simultaneously imaging myosin movement and F-actin architecture, we observed that F-actin serves not only as a rail but also as a barrier for myosin movement. We analyzed the effect of insulin on the movement of several myosin motors, which have been suggested to regulate intracellular trafficking of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, but found no significant enhancement in myosin motor motility as a result of insulin treatment. Our approach expands the repertoire of proteins for which intracellular dynamics can be analyzed at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan .,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakahata
- Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yarimizu
- Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.,Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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45
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46
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Rabouw FT, de Mello Donega C. Excited-State Dynamics in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:58. [PMID: 27573500 PMCID: PMC5480409 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted continuous worldwide interest over the last three decades owing to their remarkable and unique size- and shape-, dependent properties. The colloidal nature of these nanomaterials allows one to take full advantage of nanoscale effects to tailor their optoelectronic and physical–chemical properties, yielding materials that combine size-, shape-, and composition-dependent properties with easy surface manipulation and solution processing. These features have turned the study of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals into a dynamic and multidisciplinary research field, with fascinating fundamental challenges and dazzling application prospects. This review focuses on the excited-state dynamics in these intriguing nanomaterials, covering a range of different relaxation mechanisms that span over 15 orders of magnitude, from a few femtoseconds to a few seconds after photoexcitation. In addition to reviewing the state of the art and highlighting the essential concepts in the field, we also discuss the relevance of the different relaxation processes to a number of potential applications, such as photovoltaics and LEDs. The fundamental physical and chemical principles needed to control and understand the properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy T Rabouw
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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47
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Lim SJ, Ma L, Schleife A, Smith AM. Quantum Dot Surface Engineering: Toward Inert Fluorophores with Compact Size and Bright, Stable Emission. Coord Chem Rev 2016; 320-321:216-237. [PMID: 28344357 PMCID: PMC5363762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of colloidal nanocrystals are complex interfaces between solid crystals, coordinating ligands, and liquid solutions. For fluorescent quantum dots, the properties of the surface vastly influence the efficiency of light emission, stability, and physical interactions, and thus determine their sensitivity and specificity when they are used to detect and image biological molecules. But after more than 30 years of study, the surfaces of quantum dots remain poorly understood and continue to be an important subject of both experimental and theoretical research. In this article, we review the physics and chemistry of quantum dot surfaces and describe approaches to engineer optimal fluorescent probes for applications in biomolecular imaging and sensing. We describe the structure and electronic properties of crystalline facets, the chemistry of ligand coordination, and the impact of ligands on optical properties. We further describe recent advances in compact coatings that have significantly improved their properties by providing small hydrodynamic size, high stability and fluorescence efficiency, and minimal nonspecific interactions with cells and biological molecules. While major progress has been made in both basic and applied research, many questions remain in the chemistry and physics of quantum dot surfaces that have hindered key breakthroughs to fully optimize their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jun Lim
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - André Schleife
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Andrew M. Smith
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Zhang A, Bian Y, Wang J, Chen K, Dong C, Ren J. Suppressed blinking behavior of CdSe/CdS QDs by polymer coating. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5006-5014. [PMID: 26865498 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are very important fluorescent nanocrystals with excellent optical properties. However, QDs, at the single-particle level, show severe fluorescence intermittency (or blinking) on a wide time scale from milliseconds to minutes, which limits certain optical and biological applications. Generally, blinking behavior of QDs strongly depends on their surface state and surrounding environment. Therefore, current blinking suppression approaches are mostly focused on the introduction of an inorganic shell and organic small molecule compounds. In this study, we described a "bottom up" approach for the synthesis of CdSe/CdS/polymer core/shell/shell QDs via the in situ one-pot polymerization approach in order to control the blinking behavior of QDs. Three monomers (dithiothreitol (DTT), phenylenediamine (PDA), and hexamethylenediamine (HDA)) were respectively used to polymerize with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), and then the polyphosphazene polymers were obtained with cyclotriphosphazene as the basic macromolecular backbone. By regulating the molar ratios of the activated comonomers, we can control the blinking behavior of CdSe/CdS/polymer QDs. Under the optimal conditions, the percentage of "non-blinking" CdSe/CdS/polymer QDs (the "on time" fraction > 99% of the overall observation time) was up to 78%. The suppression mechanism was attributed to the efficient passivation of QD surface traps by the sulfhydryl or phenyl groups in the polyphosphazene polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yannan Bian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinjie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kuiyong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Brown MW, Kim Y, Williams GM, Huck JD, Surtees JA, Finkelstein IJ. Dynamic DNA binding licenses a repair factor to bypass roadblocks in search of DNA lesions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10607. [PMID: 26837705 PMCID: PMC4742970 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-binding proteins search for specific targets via facilitated diffusion along a crowded genome. However, little is known about how crowded DNA modulates facilitated diffusion and target recognition. Here we use DNA curtains and single-molecule fluorescence imaging to investigate how Msh2-Msh3, a eukaryotic mismatch repair complex, navigates on crowded DNA. Msh2-Msh3 hops over nucleosomes and other protein roadblocks, but maintains sufficient contact with DNA to recognize a single lesion. In contrast, Msh2-Msh6 slides without hopping and is largely blocked by protein roadblocks. Remarkably, the Msh3-specific mispair-binding domain (MBD) licences a chimeric Msh2-Msh6(3MBD) to bypass nucleosomes. Our studies contrast how Msh2-Msh3 and Msh2-Msh6 navigate on a crowded genome and suggest how Msh2-Msh3 locates DNA lesions outside of replication-coupled repair. These results also provide insights into how DNA repair factors search for DNA lesions in the context of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W Brown
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Yoori Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gregory M Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - John D Huck
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - Jennifer A Surtees
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - Ilya J Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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