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Zhang E, Hirao H. Synergistic Charge Transfer Effect in Ferrous Heme-CO Bonding within Cytochrome P450. Molecules 2024; 29:873. [PMID: 38398625 PMCID: PMC10891957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted ab initio valence bond (VB) calculations employing the valence bond self-consistent field (VBSCF) and breathing orbital valence bond (BOVB) methods to investigate the nature of the coordination bonding between ferrous heme and carbon monoxide (CO) within cytochrome P450. These calculations revealed the significant influence exerted by both proximal and equatorial ligands on the π-backdonation effect from the heme to the CO. Moreover, our VB calculations unveiled a phenomenon of synergistic charge transfer (sCT). In the case of ferrous heme-CO bonding, the significant stabilization in this sCT arises from cooperative resonance between the VB structures associated with σ donation and π backdonation. Unlike many other ligands, CO possesses the unique ability to establish two mutually perpendicular π-backdonation orbital interaction pairs, leading to an intensified stabilization attributed to σ-π resonance. Furthermore, while of a smaller energy magnitude, sCT due to one π-π pair is also present, contributing to the differential stabilization of ferrous heme-CO bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
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2
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Marsili E, Curchod BFE. A Theoretical Perspective on the Photochemistry of Boron-Nitrogen Lewis Adducts. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:996-1008. [PMID: 38236050 PMCID: PMC10875676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Boron-Nitrogen (B-N) Lewis adducts form a versatile family of compounds with numerous applications in functional molecules. Despite the growing interest in this family of compounds for optoelectronic applications, little is currently known about their photophysics and photochemistry. Even the electronic absorption spectrum of ammonia borane, the textbook example of a B-N Lewis adduct, is unavailable. Given the versatility of the light-induced processes exhibited by these molecules, we propose in this work a detailed theoretical study of the photochemistry and photophysics of simple B-N Lewis adducts. We used advanced techniques in computational photochemistry to identify and characterize the possible photochemical pathways followed by ammonia borane and extended this knowledge to the substituted B-N Lewis adducts pyridine-borane and pyridine-boric acid. The photochemistry observed for this series of molecules allows us to extract qualitative rules to rationalize the light-induced behavior of more complex B-N-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marsili
- Centre for Computational Chemistry,
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Basile F. E. Curchod
- Centre for Computational Chemistry,
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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3
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Ayarde-Henríquez L, Guerra C, Duque-Noreña M, Chamorro E. Revisiting the bonding evolution theory: a fresh perspective on the ammonia pyramidal inversion and bond dissociations in ethane and borazane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27394-27408. [PMID: 37792471 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
This work offers a comprehensive and fresh perspective on the bonding evolution theory (BET) framework, originally proposed by Silvi and collaborators [X. Krokidis, S. Noury and B. Silvi, Characterization of elementary chemical processes by catastrophe theory, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 7277-7282]. By underscoring Thom's foundational work, we identify the parametric function characterizing bonding events along a reaction pathway through a three-step sequence to establish such association rigorously, namely: (a) computing the determinant of the Hessian matrix at all potentially degenerate critical points, (b) computing the relative distance between these points, and (c) assigning the unfolding based on these computations and considering the maximum number of critical points for each unfolding. In-depth examination of the ammonia inversion and the dissociation of ethane and ammonia borane molecules yields a striking discovery: no elliptic umbilic flag is detected along the reactive coordinate for any of the systems, contradicting previous reports. Our findings indicate that the core mechanisms of these chemical reactions can be understood using only two folds, the simplest polynomial of Thom's theory, leading to considerable simplification. In contrast to previous reports, no signatures of the elliptic umbilic unfolding were detected in any of the systems examined. This finding dramatically simplifies the topological rationalization of electron rearrangements within the BET framework, opening new approaches for investigating complex reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ayarde-Henríquez
- Trinity College Dublin, The university of Dublin. School of Physics, College Green Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Centro de Química Teórica y Computacional (CQT&C), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Cristian Guerra
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Centro de Química Teórica y Computacional (CQT&C), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ingeniería, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, 7500912, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Universidad de Córdoba, Grupo de Química Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Carrera 6 No. 77-305, Montería-Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Centro de Química Teórica y Computacional (CQT&C), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Chamorro
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Centro de Química Teórica y Computacional (CQT&C), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Hirao H, Zhang E. Bidirectional Charge Transfer at the Heme Iron in Reversible and Quasi-irreversible Cytochrome P450 Inhibition. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16599-16608. [PMID: 37737847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The coordination bonding between inhibitor ligands and heme iron plays a critical role in disrupting the essential catalytic functions of cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s). Despite its intrinsic importance and consequential implications for human health, our current understanding of coordination bonding in P450 inhibition remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic theoretical analysis of the complexes between a ferric or a ferrous heme model and representative inhibitor ligands. Specifically, we evaluated the charge-transfer (CT) effect within these complexes by employing a series of theoretical methods based on density functional theory (DFT). Through a comprehensive analysis, we unveiled the relative significance of ligand-to-heme forward CT in the ferric and ferrous complexes of reversible inhibitors. In contrast, backward CT dominates over forward CT in the ferrous heme complexes of quasi-irreversible inhibitors. Further analysis using the compact frontier orbital method underscores the elevated electron-accepting abilities of quasi-irreversible inhibitors for π backdonation, which greatly amplifies their binding affinity for the ferrous heme. This study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying P450 inhibition and provides valuable insights for future inhibitor design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Hirao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Enhua Zhang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
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Athar M, Patnaik A. Through-Bond-Driven Through-Space Interactions in a Fullerene C 60 Noncovalent Dyad: An Unusual Strong Binding between Spherical and Planar π Electron Clouds and Culmination of Dyadic Fractals. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3629-3641. [PMID: 35658511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bond-induced π-depletion as a criterion for π-stacking, a configurationally unique noncovalent strategy enabled an unconventional strong binding between the spherical N-fulleropyrrolidine (NFP) and the planar distributions of π electron clouds of three substituted pybates to form noncovalent fulleropyrrolidino-4-(pyrenyl) butanoate dyads of large computed interaction energies, varying between 37.49 and 44.93 kcal/mol. The geometrical distortion/bending of the alkyl tail of pybate in the noncovalent dyad was experimentally corroborated via UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, which translated into spectral broadening along with pronounced shifts in the n-π* transitions of the oxy-substituted pyrene in different solvents, ensuring through-bond interactions. Facile electron transfer through H-bond influenced the dynamic dispersive forces to be active, revealing the supremacy of through-bond over through-space interactions. The analyses of intermolecular forces using an absolutely localized molecular orbital-based energy decomposition analysis (ALMO-EDA) scheme revealed intricate insights into the intermolecular interactions and characteristic charge transfer; the dominance of forward electron transfer (pybate to NFP) over the reverse in offering stabilization was noted. Charge transfer was investigated further from natural bond orbital (NBO) and absolutely localized molecular orbital-based charge-transfer analysis (ALMO-CTA) methods, establishing the supremacy of donor-to-acceptor electron transfer over the reverse (acceptor-to-donor) one. The characteristic self-assembly of the noncovalent dyad in suitable solvents led to the formation of fractal networks via reaction-limited cluster aggregation with a fractal dimension of 2.37. Adoption of constrained molecular dynamics simulations indicated probable wrapping of pybates around NFP, leading to fractal-like assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Athar
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Archita Patnaik
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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The stability of covalent dative bond significantly increases with increasing solvent polarity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2107. [PMID: 35440662 PMCID: PMC9018688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally expected that a solvent has only marginal effect on the stability of a covalent bond. In this work, we present a combined computational and experimental study showing a surprising stabilization of the covalent/dative bond in Me3NBH3 complex with increasing solvent polarity. The results show that for a given complex, its stability correlates with the strength of the bond. Notably, the trends in calculated changes of binding (free) energies, observed with increasing solvent polarity, match the differences in the solvation energies (ΔEsolv) of the complex and isolated fragments. Furthermore, the studies performed on the set of the dative complexes, with different atoms involved in the bond, show a linear correlation between the changes of binding free energies and ΔEsolv. The observed data indicate that the ionic part of the combined ionic-covalent character of the bond is responsible for the stabilizing effects of solvents. Non covalent complexes are often considerably destabilized in the solvent. Here the authors combine vibrational Raman and NMR spectroscopy with a coupled-cluster computational investigation to show that the solvent polarity enhance the complex stability of a Me3NBH3 complex.
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7
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Alabugin IV, Kuhn L, Krivoshchapov NV, Mehaffy P, Medvedev MG. Anomeric effect, hyperconjugation and electrostatics: lessons from complexity in a classic stereoelectronic phenomenon. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10212-10252. [PMID: 34542133 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00564b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay of multiple components (steric, electrostatic, stereoelectronic, dispersive, etc.) that define the overall energy, structure, and reactivity of organic molecules can be a daunting task. The task becomes even more difficult when multiple approaches based on different physical premises disagree in their analysis of a multicomponent molecular system. Herein, we will use a classic conformational "oddity", the anomeric effect, to discuss the value of identifying the key contributors to reactivity that can guide chemical predictions. After providing the background related to the relevant types of hyperconjugation and a brief historic outline of the origins of the anomeric effect, we outline variations of its patterns and provide illustrative examples for the role of the anomeric effect in structure, stability, and spectroscopic properties. We show that the complete hyperconjugative model remains superior in explaining the interplay between structure and reactivity. We will use recent controversies regarding the origin of the anomeric effect to start a deeper discussion relevant to any electronic effect. Why are such questions inherently controversial? How to describe a complex quantum system using a model that is "as simple as possible, but no simpler"? What is a fair test for such a model? Perhaps, instead of asking "who is right and who is wrong?" one should ask "why do we disagree?". Stereoelectronic thinking can reconcile quantum complexity with chemical intuition and build the conceptual bridge between structure and reactivity. Even when many factors contribute to the observed structural and conformational trends, electron delocalization is a dominating force when the electronic demand is high (i.e., bonds are breaking as molecules distort from their equilibrium geometries). In these situations, the role of orbital interactions increases to the extent where they can define reactivity. For example, negative hyperconjugation can unleash the "underutilized" stereoelectronic power of unshared electrons (i.e., the lone pairs) to stabilize a developing positive charge at an anomeric carbon. This analysis paves the way for the broader discussion of the omnipresent importance of negative hyperconjugation in oxygen-containing functional groups. From that point of view, the stereoelectronic component of the anomeric effect plays a unique role in guiding reaction design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, USA.
| | - Leah Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, USA.
| | - Nikolai V Krivoshchapov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 (3), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Patricia Mehaffy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, USA.
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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8
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Smith BA, Vogiatzis KD. σ-Donation and π-Backdonation Effects in Dative Bonds of Main-Group Elements. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7956-7966. [PMID: 34477393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nature of donor-acceptor interactions is important for the understanding of dative bonding and can provide vital insights into many chemical processes. Here, we have performed a computational study to elucidate substantial differences between different types of dative interactions. For this purpose, a data set of 20 molecular complexes stabilized by dative bonds was developed (DAT20). A benchmark study that considers many popular density functionals with respect to accurate quantum chemical interaction energies and geometries revealed two different trends between the complexes of DAT20. This behavior was further explored by means of frontier molecular orbitals, extended-transition-state natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV), and natural energy decomposition analysis (NEDA). These methods revealed the extent of the forward and backdonation between the donor and acceptor molecules and how they influence the total interaction energies and molecular geometries. A new classification of dative bonds is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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9
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Tang CK, Li YZ, Ma F, Cao Z, Mo Y. Anti-Electrostatic Main Group Metal-Metal Bonds That Activate CO 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7545-7552. [PMID: 34347488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the CO2 capture and reduction by transition-metal-free catalysts. Here we performed a proof-of-concept study using an ab initio valence bond method called the block-localized wave function (BLW) method. The integrated BLW and density function theory (DFT) computations demonstrated that heterobimetallic Ae+/Al(I) (Ae represents alkaline earth metals Mg and Ca) Lewis acid/base combinations without transition metals can facilely capture and activate CO2. There are two remarkable findings in this study. The first concerns the ionic nature of the metal-metal bonds. The experimentally synthesized low valent aluminum compound with a bidentate β-diketiminate (BDI) ligand, or (BDI)Al(I) in brief, is a Lewis base due to the lone pair on the aluminum cation though overall Al(I) is positively charged. Al(I) can form ionic metal-metal bonds with the alkaline earth metals of the positively charged Lewis acids (BDI)Ae+. This type of ionic metal-metal bonds is counterintuitive and antielectrostatic as both metals carry positive charges. The second finding is the CO2 activation mechanism. (BDI)Al(I) can effectively bind and activate CO2 by transferring one electron to CO2, and the resulting complex can be best expressed as [(BDI)Al(I)]+[CO2]-. The participation of (BDI)Ae+ further enhances the capture and activation of CO2 by (BDI)Al(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Kai Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Fang Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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Santos Neto AP, Rivelino R, Pagola GI, Provasi PF. High‐Level Electron Correlation of the Indirect Nuclear Spin‐Spin Coupling Constants in Some Small Diboranes and Lithium‐Doped Diboranes. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Rivelino
- Instituto de Física Universidade Federal da Bahia 40210-340 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Gabriel I. Pagola
- Departamento de Física Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires IFIBA-CONICET Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. I 1428 Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Patricio F. Provasi
- Department of Physics University of Northeastern IMIT-CONICET. Av. Libertad 5500, W 3404 AAS Corrientes Argentina
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Rodrigues Silva D, de Azevedo Santos L, Freitas MP, Guerra CF, Hamlin TA. Nature and Strength of Lewis Acid/Base Interaction in Boron and Nitrogen Trihalides. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4043-4054. [PMID: 33015969 PMCID: PMC7756781 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically investigated the bonding between archetypical Lewis acids and bases. Our state-of-the-art computations on the X3 B-NY3 Lewis pairs have revealed the origin behind the systematic increase in B-N bond strength as X and Y are varied from F to Cl, Br, I, H. For H3 B-NY3 , the bonding trend is driven by the commonly accepted mechanism of donor-acceptor [HOMO(base)-LUMO(acid)] interaction. Interestingly, for X3 B-NH3 , the bonding mechanism is determined by the energy required to deform the BX3 to the pyramidal geometry it adopts in the adduct. Thus, Lewis acids that can more easily pyramidalize form stronger bonds with Lewis bases. The decrease in the strain energy of pyramidalization on going from BF3 to BI3 is directly caused by the weakening of the B-X bond strength, which stems primarily from the bonding in the plane of the molecule (σ-like) and not in the π system, at variance with the currently accepted mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Lavras37200-900Lavras–MGBrazil
| | - Lucas de Azevedo Santos
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Lavras37200-900Lavras–MGBrazil
| | - Matheus P. Freitas
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Lavras37200-900Lavras–MGBrazil
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryGorlaeus LaboratoriesLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
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Chen Z, Wu W. Ab initio valence bond theory: A brief history, recent developments, and near future. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:090902. [PMID: 32891101 DOI: 10.1063/5.0019480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This Perspective presents a survey of several issues in ab initio valence bond (VB) theory with a primary focus on recent advances made by the Xiamen VB group, including a brief review of the earlier history of the ab initio VB methods, in-depth discussion of algorithms for nonorthogonal orbital optimization in the VB self-consistent field method and VB methods incorporating dynamic electron correlation, along with a concise overview of VB methods for complex systems and VB models for chemical bonding and reactivity, and an outlook of opportunities and challenges for the near future of the VB theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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13
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Grabowski SJ. Triel bond and coordination of triel centres – Comparison with hydrogen bond interaction. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Nandi
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 841051 Israel
| | - Sebastian Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 841051 Israel
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15
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Staub R, Iannuzzi M, Khaliullin RZ, Steinmann SN. Energy Decomposition Analysis for Metal Surface-Adsorbate Interactions by Block Localized Wave Functions. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:265-275. [PMID: 30462497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The energy decomposition analysis based on block localized wave functions (BLW-EDA) allows one to gain physical insight into the nature of chemical bonding, decomposing the interaction energy in (1) a "frozen" term, accounting for the attraction due to electrostatic and dispersion interactions, modulated by Pauli repulsion, (2) the variationally assessed polarization energy, and (3) the charge transfer. This method has so far been applied to gas- and condensed-phase molecular systems. However, its standard version is not compatible with fractionally occupied orbitals (i.e., electronic smearing) and, as a consequence, cannot be applied to metallic surfaces. In this work, we propose a simple and practical extension of BLW-EDA to fractionally occupied orbitals, termed Ensemble BLW-EDA. As illustrative examples, we have applied the developed method to analyze the nature of the interaction of various adsorbates on Pt(111), ranging from physisorbed water to strongly chemisorbed ethylene. Our results show that polarization and charge transfer both contribute significantly at the adsorption minimum for all studied systems. The energy decomposition analysis provides details with respect to competing adsorption sites (e.g., CO on atop vs hollow sites) and elucidates the respective importance of polarization and charge transfer for the increased adsorption energy of H2S compared to H2O. Our development will enable a deeper understanding of the impact of charge transfer on catalytic processes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Staub
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS Université Lyon 1 , Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 , 46 allée d'Italie , Lyon , F-69364 , France
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Institut für Chemie , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , Zurich , CH-8057 , Switzerland
| | - Rustam Z Khaliullin
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Québec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Stephan N Steinmann
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS Université Lyon 1 , Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 , 46 allée d'Italie , Lyon , F-69364 , France
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16
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Wang C, Danovich D, Shaik S, Wu W, Mo Y. Attraction between electrophilic caps: A counterintuitive case of noncovalent interactions. J Comput Chem 2018; 40:1015-1022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 360015 China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of ChemistryWestern Michigan University Kalamazoo Michigan 49008
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17
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Alabugin IV, dos Passos Gomes G, Abdo MA. Hyperconjugation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lin X, Liu X, Ying F, Chen Z, Wu W. Explicit construction of diabatic state and its application to the direct evaluation of electronic coupling. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:044112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5035114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Fuming Ying
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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20
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Hiberty PC, Braïda B. Plädoyer für eine duale Molekülorbital/Valenzbindungs‐Kultur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C. Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Bat. 349 Université de Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay Cédex Frankreich
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique 75005 Paris Frankreich
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21
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Hiberty PC, Braïda B. Pleading for a Dual Molecular-Orbital/Valence-Bond Culture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5994-6002. [PMID: 29244907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electron pairs through the looking glass might well discover that they can show two faces, one delocalized or the other localized, and that both are perfectly correct. Going back and forth between these two representations, according to which one is the most relevant and insightful for the case at hand, is easy and essential to get a complete understanding of electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Bat. 349, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, 75005, Paris, France
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22
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Martín-Fernández C, Montero-Campillo MM, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Weak interactions and cooperativity effects on disiloxane: a look at the building block of silicones. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1433337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Park JW, Rhee YM. Diabatic Population Matrix Formalism for Performing Molecular Mechanics Style Simulations with Multiple Electronic States. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:5238-53. [PMID: 26583208 DOI: 10.1021/ct5006856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An accurate description of nonbonded interactions is important in investigating dynamics of molecular systems. In many situations, fixed point charge models are successfully applied to explaining various chemical phenomena. However, these models with conventional formulations will not be appropriate in elucidating the detailed dynamics during nonadiabatic events. This is mainly because the chemical properties of any molecule, especially its electronic populations, significantly change with respect to molecular distortions in the vicinity of the surface crossing. To overcome this issue in molecular simulations yet within the framework of the fixed point charge model, we define a diabatic electronic population matrix and substitute it for the conventional adiabatic partial charges. We show that this matrix can be readily utilized toward attaining more reliable descriptions of Coulombic interactions, in combination with the interpolation formalism for obtaining the intramolecular interaction potential. We demonstrate how the mixed formalism with the diabatic charges and the interpolation can be applied to molecular simulations by conducting adiabatic and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics trajectory calculations of the green fluorescent protein chromophore anion in aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Young Min Rhee
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Korea
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24
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Zhang H, Danovich D, Wu W, Braïda B, Hiberty PC, Shaik S. Charge-Shift Bonding Emerges as a Distinct Electron-Pair Bonding Family from Both Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theories. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:2410-8. [PMID: 26580761 DOI: 10.1021/ct500367s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The charge-shift bonding (CSB) concept was originally discovered through valence bond (VB) calculations. Later, CSB was found to have signatures in atoms-in-molecules and electron-localization-function and in experimental electron density measurements. However, the CSB concept has never been derived from a molecular orbital (MO)-based theory. We now provide a proof of principle that an MO-based approach enables one to derive the CSB family alongside the distinctly different classical family of covalent bonds. In this bridging energy decomposition analysis, the covalent-ionic resonance energy, RECS, of a bond is extracted by cloning an MO-based purely covalent reference state, which is a constrained two-configuration wave function. The energy gap between this reference state and the variational TCSCF ground state yields numerical values for RECS, which correlate with the values obtained at the VBSCF level. This simple MO-based method, which only takes care of static electron correlation, is already sufficient for distinguishing the classical covalent or polar-covalent bonds from charge-shift bonds. The equivalence of the VB and MO-based methods is further demonstrated when both methods are augmented by dynamic correlation. Thus, it is shown from both MO and VB perspectives that the bonding in the CSB family does not arise from electron correlation. Considering that the existence of the CSB family is associated also with quite a few experimental observations that we already reviewed ( Shaik , S. , Danovich , D. , Wu , W. , and Hiberty , P. C. Nat. Chem. , 2009 , 1 , 443 - 449 ), the new bonding concept has passed by now two stringent tests. This derivation, on the one hand, supports the new concept and on the other, it creates bridges between the two main theories of electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 , UMR 7616, LCT, F-75005, Paris, France.,CNRS , UMR 7616, LCT, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe C Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Groupe de Chimie Théorique, Université de Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8000 , 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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25
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Phipps MJS, Fox T, Tautermann CS, Skylaris CK. Energy decomposition analysis approaches and their evaluation on prototypical protein–drug interaction patterns. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3177-211. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00375f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of the interaction energy into chemical components such as electrostatics, polarization, and charge transfer is possible with energy decomposition analysis approaches. We review and evaluate these for biomolecular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Fox
- Lead Identification and Optimization Support
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG
- 88397 Biberach
- Germany
| | - Christofer S. Tautermann
- Lead Identification and Optimization Support
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG
- 88397 Biberach
- Germany
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26
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Abstract
Carbocations can appear as transient species, for instance, in elimination reactions and various rearrangements. Hyperconjugation (or conjugation) can then stabilize the cationic character and form a partial π bond. The effect of the electronic delocalization from strained substituents to a carbocation part was calculated. Very large hyperconjugation was found, sometimes more than 80 kcal mol(-1) , which is much larger than typical conjugation effects (56 kcal mol(-1) for the allyl cation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Racine
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille (France), Fax: (+33) 491-28-82-34
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27
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Wang C, Danovich D, Mo Y, Shaik S. On The Nature of the Halogen Bond. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:3726-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500422t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Wang
- Institute
of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational
Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute
of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational
Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department
of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute
of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational
Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Parafiniuk M, Mitoraj MP. On the origin of internal rotation in ammonia borane. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2272. [PMID: 24863530 PMCID: PMC4072093 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The internal rotation in ammonia borane (AB) was studied on the basis of natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) and eigenvectors for Pauli repulsion (NOPR). We found that the total hyperconjugation stabilization (ca. 5 kcal mol−1), based on the charge transfer from the occupied σ (B–H) orbitals into the empty σ*(N–H), slightly favors the staggered conformation over the eclipsed one; however, the barrier to internal rotation in ammonia borane can be understood predominantly in a ‘classical’ way, as originating from the steric (Pauli) repulsion contributions (of the kinetic origin) that act solely between N–H and B–H bonds. Repulsion between the lone pair of ammonia and the adjacent B–H bonds was found to be dominant in absolute terms; however, it does not determine the rotational barrier. Similar conclusions on the role of CH↔HC repulsion appeared to be valid for isoelectronic ethane. Pauli (kinetic) repulsion acting between the N-H and B-H bonds of ammonia borane ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Parafiniuk
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R.Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz P. Mitoraj
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R.Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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29
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Ma F, Miao T, Zhou Z, Sun D. Design of Lewis acid-base complex: enhancing the stability and first hyperpolarizability of large excess electron compound. J Mol Model 2013; 19:4805-13. [PMID: 24022783 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, a new type of Lewis acid-base complex BX3...Li@Calix[4]pyrrole (X = H and F) was designed and assembled based on electride molecule Li@calix[4]pyrrole (as a Lewis base) and the electron deficient molecule BX3 (as a Lewis acid) by employing quantum mechanical calculation. The new Lewis acid-base complex offers an interesting push-excess electron-pull (P-e-P) framework to enhance the stability and nonlinear optical (NLO) response. To measure the nonlinear optical response, static first hyperpolarizabilities (β 0) are exhibited. Significantly, point-face assembled Lewis acid-base complex BF3...Li@Calix[4]pyrrole (II) has considerable first hyperpolarizabilities (β 0) value (1.4 × 106 a.u.), which is about 117 times larger than reported 11,721 a.u. of electride Li@Calix[4]pyrrole. Further investigations show that, in BX3...Li@Calix[4]pyrrole with P-e-P framework, a strong charge-transfer transition from the ground state to the excited state contributes to the enhancement of first hyperpolarizability. Theory calculation of enthalpies of reaction (ΔrH0) at 298 K demonstrates that it is feasible to synthetize the complexes BX3...Li@Calix[4]pyrrole. In addition, compared with Li@Calix[4]pyrrole, the vertical ionization potential (VIP) and HOMO-LUMO gap of BX3...Li@Calix[4]pyrrole have obviously increased, due to the introduction of the Lewis acid molecule BX3. The novel Lewis acid-base NLO complex possesses not only a large nonlinear optical response but also higher stability.
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30
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De Silva CC, Holme TA. Computational studies of dative bond containing heterocyclic ring structures. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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32
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Bontemps S, Devillard M, Mallet-Ladeira S, Bouhadir G, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Phosphino-Boryl-Naphthalenes: Geometrically Enforced, Yet Lewis Acid Responsive P → B Interactions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4714-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4003466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bontemps
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA (Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale
et Appliquée), 118 route de Narbonne, and CNRS, LHFA, UMR 5069,
31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Devillard
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA (Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale
et Appliquée), 118 route de Narbonne, and CNRS, LHFA, UMR 5069,
31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599),
118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA (Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale
et Appliquée), 118 route de Narbonne, and CNRS, LHFA, UMR 5069,
31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et
de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux
UMR-CNRS 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 2 avenue du Président
Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA (Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale
et Appliquée), 118 route de Narbonne, and CNRS, LHFA, UMR 5069,
31062 Toulouse, France
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33
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Alamiddine Z, Humbel S. Hyperconjugation in Carbocations, a BLW Study with DFT approximation. Front Chem 2013; 1:37. [PMID: 24790968 PMCID: PMC3982569 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2013.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometry of ethyl cation is discussed, and the hyperconjugation effect in carbocations is evaluated at the B3LYP/6-311G(d) level. The Block Localized Wavefunction (BLW) method is used for all evaluations of the hyperconjugation, considered as the energy gained by the delocalization onto the C+ atom. This energy is defined as the energy difference between the delocalized (standard) calculation, where the electrons are freely delocalized, and a localized form where the positive charge sits on the carbon center. It is evaluated for 18 carbocations, including conjugated systems. In these cases we were particularly interested in the additional stabilization brought by hyperconjugative effects. Among other effects, the β-silicon effect is computed. Hyperconjugation amounts in several cases to an energy similar to conjugation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Alamiddine
- Centrale Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Humbel
- Centrale Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313 Marseille, France
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34
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Su P, Wu W. Ab initio
nonorthogonal valence bond methods. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Yamada K, Koga N. Variationally determined electronic states for the theoretical analysis of intramolecular interaction: I. Resonance energy and rotational barrier of the C–N bond in formamide and its analogs. Theor Chem Acc 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-012-1178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Wu JI, Fernández I, Mo Y, Schleyer PVR. Why Cyclooctatetraene Is Highly Stabilized: The Importance of "Two-Way" (Double) Hyperconjugation. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:1280-7. [PMID: 26596744 DOI: 10.1021/ct3000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite its highly nonplanar geometry, the tub-shaped D2d cyclooctatetraene (COT) minimum is far from being an unconjugated polyene model devoid of important π interactions. The warped skeleton of D2d COT results in the large stabilization (41.1 kcal/mol) revealed by its isodesmic bond separation energy (BSE). This originates largely from the "two-way" hyperconjugation, back and forth across the C-C single bonds, between the CC/CH σ(σ*) and the C═C (π*)π orbitals. These hyperconjugative effects compensate for the substantial, but not complete, loss of π conjugation upon ring puckering. C-C single bond rotation of 1,3-butadiene involves a similar interplay between π conjugation and "two-way" double hyperconjugation and serves as a simple model for the inversion of D2d to D4h COT. The perpendicular rotational transition states of many other systems, e.g., the allyl cation, styrene, biphenyl, and ethene, are stabilized similarly by "two-way" hyperconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid , 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
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37
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Mitoraj MP. Bonding in Ammonia Borane: An Analysis Based on the Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence and the Extended Transition State Method (ETS-NOCV). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14708-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209712s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Paweł Mitoraj
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
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38
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CHEN ZHENHUA, SONG JINSHUAI, SONG LINGCHUN, WU WEI. A VALENCE BOND APPROACH BASED ON LEWIS STRUCTURES. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633608004039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a valence bond method based on Lewis structures, called LVB, is presented. The method uses a Slater determinant expansion of doubly occupied orbitals for describing a Lewis structure, where two orbital sets, semi-localized orbitals, called bond orbitals, and localized hybrid atomic orbitals (HAOs), are employed. The levels of LVB method are fashioned as LVBS, LVBSD, etc. LVBS involves only the single bond orbital replacements with HAOs, while LVBSD involves also double replacements, and so on. Tests of three examples, methane, methylene, and benzene, show that the LVB method at both of LVBS and LVBSD levels gives results that match those of the VBSCF method very well, even though the form of LVB wave function is much compact.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZHENHUA CHEN
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - JINSHUAI SONG
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - LINGCHUN SONG
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - WEI WU
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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39
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Wu W, Su P, Shaik S, Hiberty PC. Classical Valence Bond Approach by Modern Methods. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7557-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Philippe C. Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Groupe de Chimie Théorique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cédex, France
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40
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Reinemann DN, Wright AM, Wolfe JD, Tschumper GS, Hammer NI. Vibrational Spectroscopy of N-Methyliminodiacetic Acid (MIDA)-Protected Boronate Ester: Examination of the B–N Dative Bond. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6426-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp112016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana N. Reinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ashley M. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Gregory S. Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Nathan I. Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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41
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Steinmann SN, Corminboeuf C, Wu W, Mo Y. Dispersion-corrected energy decomposition analysis for intermolecular interactions based on the BLW and dDXDM methods. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5467-77. [PMID: 21557586 DOI: 10.1021/jp202560d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the simplest variant of the valence bond (VB) theory, the block-localized wave function (BLW) method defines the intermediate electron-localized state self-consistently at the DFT level and can be used to explore the nature of intermolecular interactions in terms of several physically intuitive energy components. Yet, it is unclear how the dispersion interaction affects such a kind of energy decomposition analysis (EDA) as standard density functional approximations neglect the long-range dispersion attractive interactions. Three electron densities corresponding to the initial electron-localized state, optimal electron-localized state, and final electron-delocalized state are involved in the BLW-ED approach; a density-dependent dispersion correction, such as the recently proposed dDXDM approach, can thus uniquely probe the impact of the long-range dispersion effect on EDA results computed at the DFT level. In this paper, we incorporate the dDXDM dispersion corrections into the BLW-ED approach and investigate a range of representative systems such as hydrogen-bonding systems, acid-base pairs, and van der Waals complexes. Results show that both the polarization and charge-transfer energies are little affected by the inclusion of the long-range dispersion effect, which thus can be regarded as an independent energy component in EDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan N Steinmann
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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42
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Gao L, Fang H, Li Z, Yu X, Fan K. Liquefaction of Solid-State BH3NH3 by Gaseous NH3. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4301-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Haocheng Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis & Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Chemical Physics, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis & Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Chemical Physics, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Kangnian Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis & Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Chemical Physics, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
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43
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Mo Y. Rotational barriers in alkanes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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44
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Hirao H. Correlation diagram approach as a tool for interpreting chemistry: an introductory overview. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Alabugin IV, Gilmore KM, Peterson PW. Hyperconjugation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kerry M. Gilmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Paul W. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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46
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Fernández I, Duvall M, I-Chia Wu J, Schleyer PVR, Frenking G. Aromaticity in Group 14 Homologues of the Cyclopropenylium Cation. Chemistry 2011; 17:2215-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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De Silva P, Korchowiec J. Energy partitioning scheme based on self-consistent method for subsystems: Populational space approach. J Comput Chem 2010; 32:1054-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Wu J, Dobrowolski M, Cyrański M, Merner B, Bodwell G, Mo Y, Schleyer P. On the aromatic stabilization energy of the 4N π electron pyrene. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970902784918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Mebs S, Grabowsky S, Förster D, Kickbusch R, Hartl M, Daemen LL, Morgenroth W, Luger P, Paulus B, Lentz D. Charge Transfer via the Dative N−B Bond and Dihydrogen Contacts. Experimental and Theoretical Electron Density Studies of Small Lewis Acid−Base Adducts. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:10185-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100995n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Diana Förster
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Rainer Kickbusch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Monika Hartl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Luke L. Daemen
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Wolfgang Morgenroth
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Peter Luger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Facheinheit Mineralogie/Abt. Kristallographie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Physikalische
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Staubitz A, Robertson APM, Manners I. Ammonia-Borane and Related Compounds as Dihydrogen Sources. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4079-124. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1011] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Staubitz
- Otto Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3, D-24118 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Alasdair P. M. Robertson
- Otto Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3, D-24118 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- Otto Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3, D-24118 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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