1
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Lee SG, Kwak S, Son WK, Kim S, Nam KT, Lee HY, Jeong DH. Chiral-Induced Surface-Enhanced Raman Optical Activity on a Single-Particle Substrate. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9894-9900. [PMID: 38834937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman optical activity (SEROA) is a promising method for analyzing chiral molecules' molecular chirality and structural changes. However, conventional SEROA measurements face challenges related to substrate stability, signal uniformity, and interference from electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Therefore, in this study, we present a uniform and stable substrate for SEROA measurements by utilizing Au nanoparticles on the Au nanofilm structure to confine hotspots to the film-particle junctions and minimize ECD interference. This method also uses the induction of chirality from chiral molecules to achiral molecules to overcome the limitation of chiral molecules in SEROA measurements, specifically their lower signal efficiency. Successful chirality transfer is demonstrated through distinguishable SEROA signals when the l/d-alanine mixture is present. Enantiomeric discrimination of different l/d-alanine ratios was achieved with linear responses in the circular intensity difference (CID). Altogether, the proposed chiral-induced SEROA on the AuNP_on_AuNF substrate shows promising potential for detecting and characterizing structural changes in biomolecules, thus making it a valuable tool for various research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kwak
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Son
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonung Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Tessari Z, Rinkovec T, De Feyter S. Chiral induction in substrate-supported self-assembled molecular networks under nanoconfinement conditions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:892-901. [PMID: 38298576 PMCID: PMC10825934 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly on surfaces often produces chiral networks, even when starting from achiral building blocks. However, when achiral molecules are used to produce chiral networks, two possible enantiomorphs are created with equal probability, rendering therefore the overall surface achiral. This outcome can be changed by finding a way to promote the preferential formation of one of the two enantiomorphs. In this regard, the creation of nanoconfined space, which has been called molecular corral, having a chosen orientation with respect to the substrate symmetry has been demonstrated to be a valid way to obtain the preferential self-assembly of a network having a determined chirality. In this study we aim to further expand the understanding of the principles of such mechanism, in particular by looking at unexplored parameters that could have a role in the production of the observed bias. In this way a deeper comprehension of the mechanisms at the base of the chiral self-assembly could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeno Tessari
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tamara Rinkovec
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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3
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Ahsan A, Wang X, Sk R, Heydari M, Buimaga-Iarinca L, Wäckerlin C, Lucenti E, Decurtins S, Cariati E, Jung TA, Aschauer U, Liu SX. Self-Assembly of N-Rich Triimidazoles on Ag(111): Mixing the Pleasures and Pains of Epitaxy and Strain. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:23000-23009. [PMID: 38053624 PMCID: PMC10694807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present report, homochiral hydrogen-bonded assemblies of heavily N-doped (C9H6N6) heterocyclic triimidazole (TT) molecules on an Ag(111) substrate were investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) techniques. The planar and prochiral TT molecules, which exhibit a threefold rotation symmetry and lack mirror symmetry when assembled on the substrate, carry multiple hydrogen-bonding donor and acceptor functionalities, inevitably leading to the formation of hexameric two-dimensionally extended assemblies that can be either homo- (RR/SS) or heterochiral (RS). Experimental STM data showing well-ordered homochiral domains and experimental LEED data are consistent with simulations assuming the R19.1° overlayer on the Ag(111) lattice. Importantly, we report the unexpected coincidence of spontaneous resolution with the condensation of neighboring islands in adjacent "Janus pairs". The islands are connected by a characteristic fault zone, an observation that we discuss in the context of the fairly symmetric molecule and its propensity to compromise and benefit from interisland bonding at the expense of lattice mismatches and strain in the defect zone. We relate this to the close to triangular shape and the substantial but weak bonding scheme beyond van der Waals (vdW) of the TT molecules, which is due to the three N-containing five-membered imidazole rings. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show clear energetic differences between homochiral and heterochiral pairwise interactions, clearly supporting the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ahsan
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Xing Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Rejaul Sk
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Heydari
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca
- National
Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies
(INCDTIM), Donat Str., Cluj-Napoca 67-103, Romania
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 3, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lucenti
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(SCITEC) of CNR, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Elena Cariati
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(SCITEC) of CNR, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano and INSTM RU Via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Thomas A. Jung
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University
of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2A, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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4
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Cucinotta A, Kahlfuss C, Minoia A, Eyley S, Zwaenepoel K, Velpula G, Thielemans W, Lazzaroni R, Bulach V, Hosseini MW, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Metal Ion and Guest-Mediated Spontaneous Resolution and Solvent-Induced Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Guanine-Based Metallosupramolecular Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1194-1205. [PMID: 36576950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) chirality has been actively studied in view of numerous applications of chiral surfaces such as in chiral resolutions and enantioselective catalysis. Here, we report on the expression and amplification of chirality in hybrid 2D metallosupramolecular networks formed by a nucleobase derivative. Self-assembly of a guanine derivative appended with a pyridyl node was studied at the solution-graphite interface in the presence and absence of coordinating metal ions. In the absence of coordinating metal ions, a monolayer that is representative of a racemic compound was obtained. This system underwent spontaneous resolution upon addition of a coordinating ion and led to the formation of a racemic conglomerate. The spontaneous resolution could also be achieved upon addition of a suitable guest molecule. The mirror symmetry observed in the formation of the metallosupramolecular networks could be broken via the use of an enantiopure solvent, which led to the formation of a globally homochiral surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Cucinotta
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Kahlfuss
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Keanu Zwaenepoel
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gangamallaiah Velpula
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Véronique Bulach
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mir Wais Hosseini
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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6
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Das M, Gangopadhyay D, Šebestík J, Habartová L, Michal P, Kapitán J, Bouř P. Chiral detection by induced surface-enhanced Raman optical activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6388-6391. [PMID: 34085068 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01504d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combination of optical activity with surface-enhanced Raman scattering has been a dream of physical chemists for a long time. We report a measurement protocol based on silver colloids and aromatic linkers where chiral acids could be detected in concentrations of about 10-5 M. We explain the mechanism by binding and self-assembly of the linkers into chiral aggregates on the silver surface. Following the "sergeants-and-soldiers" principle, the chirality is determined by the relatively minor acidic component. Such detection of biologically relevant molecules may be useful when other methods, such as electronic circular dichroism, are not sensitive enough. In the future, variations of the chemical structure of the linker or other conditions are needed to provide a more specific signal allowing one to better discriminate among the optically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Das
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic. and Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Debraj Gangopadhyay
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Šebestík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Habartová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Michal
- Department of Optics, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kapitán
- Department of Optics, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic. and Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
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7
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Tobe Y, Tahara K, De Feyter S. Chirality in porous self-assembled monolayer networks at liquid/solid interfaces: induction, reversion, recognition and transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:962-977. [PMID: 33432944 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chirality in two dimensions (2D) has attracted increasing attention with regard to interesting fundamental aspects as well as potential applications. This article reports several aspects of supramolecular chirality control as exemplified by self-assembled monolayer networks (SAMNs) formed by a class of chiral building blocks consisting of a triangular conjugated core and alkoxy chains on the periphery. It highlights 2D chirality induction phenomena through a classic "sergeants-and-soldiers" mechanism, in which the inducer is incorporated into a network component, as well as through a "supramolecular host-guest" mechanism, in which the inducer is entrapped in the porous space, leading to counterintuitive chirality reversal. Stereochemical control can be extended to three dimensions too, based on interlayer hydrogen bonding of the same class of building blocks bearing hydroxy groups, exhibiting diastereospecific bilayer formation at both single molecule level and supramolecular level arising from orientation between the top and bottom layers. Finally, we showcase that homochiral SAMNs can also be used as templates for the grafting of in situ generated aryl radicals, by covalent bond formation to the basal graphitic surface, thereby yielding topologically chiral functionalized graphite, and thus extending the potential of chiral SAMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan and The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Seibel J, Tessari Z, Amabilino DB, De Feyter S. Chirality from scratch: enantioselective adsorption in geometrically controlled lateral nanoconfinement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:61-64. [PMID: 33289742 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06845d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chiral symmetry breaking in molecular adsorption at the solid/liquid interface by lateral geometric nanoconfinement is demonstrated. The chiral nanoconfinement is created at the interface of achiral covalently modified highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite and a racemate by in situ scanning probe lithography. Enantioselective adsorption of chiral molecules is achieved by adjusting the relative orientation between the nanoconfining walls and substrate symmetry direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Seibel
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Stolz S, Yakutovich AV, Prinz J, Dienel T, Pignedoli CA, Brune H, Gröning O, Widmer R. Near‐Enantiopure Trimerization of 9‐Ethynylphenanthrene on a Chiral Metal Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Stolz
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Aliaksandr V. Yakutovich
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Present address: Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Jan Prinz
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thomas Dienel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Roland Widmer
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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10
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Stolz S, Yakutovich AV, Prinz J, Dienel T, Pignedoli CA, Brune H, Gröning O, Widmer R. Near-Enantiopure Trimerization of 9-Ethynylphenanthrene on a Chiral Metal Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18179-18183. [PMID: 32589816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselectivity in heterogeneous catalysis strongly depends on the chirality transfer between catalyst surface and all reactants, intermediates, and the product along the reaction pathway. Herein we report the first enantioselective on-surface synthesis of molecular structures from an initial racemic mixture and without the need of enantiopure modifier molecules. The reaction consists of a trimerization via an unidentified bonding motif of prochiral 9-ethynylphenanthrene (9-EP) upon annealing to 500 K on the chiral Pd3 -terminated PdGa{111} surfaces into essentially enantiopure, homochiral 9-EP propellers. The observed behavior strongly contrasts the reaction of 9-EP on the chiral Pd1 -terminated PdGa{111} surfaces, where 9-EP monomers that are in nearly enantiopure configuration, dimerize without enantiomeric excess. Our findings demonstrate strong chiral recognition and a significant ensemble effect in the PdGa system, hence highlighting the huge potential of chiral intermetallic compounds for enantioselective synthesis and underlining the importance to control the catalytically active sites at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Stolz
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aliaksandr V Yakutovich
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Present address: Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Jan Prinz
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Dienel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland Widmer
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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11
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Im SW, Ahn HY, Kim RM, Cho NH, Kim H, Lim YC, Lee HE, Nam KT. Chiral Surface and Geometry of Metal Nanocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905758. [PMID: 31834668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a basic property of nature and has great importance in photonics, biochemistry, medicine, and catalysis. This importance has led to the emergence of the chiral inorganic nanostructure field in the last two decades, providing opportunities to control the chirality of light and biochemical reactions. While the facile production of 3D nanostructures has remained a major challenge, recent advances in nanocrystal synthesis have provided a new pathway for efficient control of chirality at the nanoscale by transferring molecular chirality to the geometry of nanocrystals. Interestingly, this discovery stems from a purely crystallographic outcome: chirality can be generated on high-Miller-index surfaces, even for highly symmetric metal crystals. This is the starting point herein, with an overview of the scientific history and a summary of the crystallographic definition. With the advance of nanomaterial synthesis technology, high-Miller-index planes can be selectively exposed on metallic nanoparticles. The enantioselective interaction of chiral molecules and high-Miller-index facets can break the mirror symmetry of the metal nanocrystals. Herein, the fundamental principle of chirality evolution is emphasized and it is shown how chiral surfaces can be directly correlated with chiral morphologies, thus serving as a guide for researchers in chiral catalysts, chiral plasmonics, chiral metamaterials, and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Yong Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ryeong Myeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nam Heon Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeohn Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yae-Chan Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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12
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Lu C, Mo YP, Hong Y, Chen T, Yang ZY, Wan LJ, Wang D. On-Surface Growth of Single-Layered Homochiral 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks by Steric Hindrance Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14350-14356. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ping Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ye Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Snegir S, Dappe YJ, Kapitanchuk OL, Coursault D, Lacaze E. Kinked row-induced chirality driven by molecule-substrate interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7259-7267. [PMID: 32207467 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combining STM measurements on three different substrates (HOPG, MoS2, and Au[111]) together with DFT calculations allow for analysis of the origin of the self-assembly of 4-cyano-4'-n-decylbiphenyl (10CB) molecules into kinked row structures using a previously developed phenomenological model. This molecule has an alkyl chain with 10 carbons and a cyanobiphenyl group with a particularly large dipole moment. 10CB represents a toy model that we use here to unravel the relationship between the induced kinked structure, in particular the corresponding chirality expression, and the balanced intermolecular/molecule-substrate interaction. We show that the local ordered structure is driven by the typical alkyl chain/substrate interaction for HOPG and Au[111] and the cyanobiphenyl group/substrate interaction for MoS2. The strongest molecule/substrate interactions are observed for MoS2 and Au[111]. These strong interactions should have led to non-kinked, commensurate adsorbed structures. However, this latter appears impossible due to steric interactions between the neighboring cyanobiphenyl groups that lead to a fan-shape structure of the cyanobiphenyl packing on the three substrates. As a result, the kink-induced chirality is particularly large on MoS2 and Au[111]. A further breaking of symmetry is observed on Au[111] due to an asymmetry of the facing molecules in the rows induced by similar interactions with the substrate of both the alkyl chain and the cyanobiphenyl group. We calculate that the overall 10CB/Au[111] interaction is of the order of 2 eV per molecule. The close 10CB/MoS2 interaction, in contrast, is dominated by the cyanobiphenyl group, being particularly large possibly due to dipole-dipole interactions between the cyanobiphenyl groups and the MoS2 substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Snegir
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu 75005 Paris, France.
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14
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Larson AM, Groden K, Hannagan RT, McEwen JS, Sykes ECH. Understanding Enantioselective Interactions by Pulling Apart Molecular Rotor Complexes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5939-5946. [PMID: 31070888 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective interactions underpin many important phenomena from biological mechanisms to chemical catalysis. In this regard, there is great interest in understanding these effects at the molecular level. Surfaces provide a platform for these studies and aid in the long-term goal of designing heterogeneous enantiospecific interfaces. Herein we report a model system consisting of molecular rotors, one intrinsically chiral (propylene oxide) and one that becomes chiral when adsorbed on a surface (propene). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements enable the chirality of each individual molecule to be directly visualized, and density functional theory based calculations are performed to rationalize the chiral time-averaged appearance of the molecular rotors. While there are no attractive intermolecular interactions between the molecular species themselves, when mixed together there is a strong preference for the formation of 1:1 heteromolecular pairs. We demonstrate that STM tip-induced molecular manipulations can be used to assemble these complexes, examine the chirality of each species, and thereby interrogate if their interactions are enantioselective. A statistical analysis of this data reveals that intrinsically chiral propylene oxide preferentially binds one of the enantiomers of propene with a 3:2 ratio, thereby demonstrating that the surface chirality of small nonchiral molecules can be directed with a chiral modifier. As such, this investigation sheds light onto previously reported ensemble studies in which chirally seeded layers of molecules that are achiral in the gas phase can lead to an amplification of enantioselective adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Larson
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Kyle Groden
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - Ryan T Hannagan
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Jean-Sabin McEwen
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
- Department of Physics , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
- Institute of Integrated Catalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - E Charles H Sykes
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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15
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Jiang W, Athanasiadou D, Zhang S, Demichelis R, Koziara KB, Raiteri P, Nelea V, Mi W, Ma JA, Gale JD, McKee MD. Homochirality in biomineral suprastructures induced by assembly of single-enantiomer amino acids from a nonracemic mixture. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2318. [PMID: 31127116 PMCID: PMC6534569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Pasteur first successfully separated right-handed and left-handed tartrate crystals in 1848, the understanding of how homochirality is achieved from enantiomeric mixtures has long been incomplete. Here, we report on a chirality dominance effect where organized, three-dimensional homochiral suprastructures of the biomineral calcium carbonate (vaterite) can be induced from a mixed nonracemic amino acid system. Right-handed (counterclockwise) homochiral vaterite helicoids are induced when the amino acid L-Asp is in the majority, whereas left-handed (clockwise) homochiral morphology is induced when D-Asp is in the majority. Unexpectedly, the Asp that incorporates into the homochiral vaterite helicoids maintains the same enantiomer ratio as that of the initial growth solution, thus showing chirality transfer without chirality amplification. Changes in the degree of chirality of the vaterite helicoids are postulated to result from the extent of majority enantiomer assembly on the mineral surface. These mechanistic insights potentially have major implications for high-level advanced materials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China, 300072
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C7
| | | | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240
| | - Raffaella Demichelis
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), and School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Katarzyna B Koziara
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), and School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), and School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Valentin Nelea
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C7
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China, 300354
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China, 300072
| | - Julian D Gale
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), and School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C7.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C7.
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16
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Kim J, Song B, Hwang G, Bang Y, Yun Y. Platinum nanoparticles supported on mesocellular silica foams as highly efficient catalysts for enantioselective hydrogenation. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Seibel J, Verstraete L, Hirsch BE, Bragança AM, De Feyter S. Biasing Enantiomorph Formation via Geometric Confinement: Nanocorrals for Chiral Induction at the Liquid–Solid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11565-11568. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Seibel
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lander Verstraete
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brandon E. Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana M. Bragança
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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19
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Li ZY, Chen Y, Wu H, Liu Y. Photoinduced Assembly/Disassembly of Supramolecular Nanoparticle Based on Polycationic Cyclodextrin and Azobenzene-Containing Surfactant. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yi Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-; Organic Chemistry Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-; Organic Chemistry Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Huang Wu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-; Organic Chemistry Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-; Organic Chemistry Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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20
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Wang YL, Sun K, Tu YB, Tao ML, Xie ZB, Yuan HK, Xiong ZH, Wang JZ. Chirality switching of the self-assembled CuPc domains induced by electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7125-7131. [PMID: 29479594 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chiral switching of the self-assembled domains of CuPc molecules on the Cd(0001) surface has been investigated by means of a low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). With the coverage increasing, the CuPc molecules show the structural evolutions from an initial gas-like state to a network phase, a square phase, and finally to a compact phase at full monolayer. In the network and square phases, the achiral CuPc molecules reveal both the point chirality and chiral domains. In particular, the chirality of network domain can be switched from one enantiomer to another driven by the electric filed from a STM tip, which can also lead to the lattice rotation of network phase. These results demonstrate that (i) there is strong interaction between the CuPc molecules and STM tip; (ii) the adsorbed CuPc molecules carry considerable net charge or polarizability due to the charge transfer; (iii) the network phase has a low barrier for the interconversion between right- and left-handed domains. Our findings are significant for the understanding and control of the domain's chirality in the self-assembled structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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21
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Dutta S, Gellman AJ. Enantiomer surface chemistry: conglomerate versus racemate formation on surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:7787-7839. [PMID: 29165467 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Research on surface chirality is motivated by the need to develop functional chiral surfaces for enantiospecific applications. While molecular chirality in 3D has been the subject of study for almost two centuries, many aspects of 2D chiral surface chemistry have yet to be addressed. In 3D, racemic mixtures of chiral molecules tend to aggregate into racemate (molecularly heterochiral) crystals much more frequently than conglomerate (molecularly homochiral) crystals. Whether chiral adsorbates on surfaces preferentially aggregate into heterochiral rather than homochiral domains (2D crystals or clusters) is not known. In this review, we have made the first attempt to answer the following question based on available data: in 2D racemic mixtures adsorbed on surfaces, is there a clear preference for homochiral or heterochiral aggregation? The current hypothesis is that homochiral packing is preferred on surfaces; in contrast to 3D where heterochiral packing is more common. In this review, we present a simple hierarchical scheme to categorize the chirality of adsorbate-surface systems. We then review the body of work using scanning tunneling microscopy predominantly to study aggregation of racemic adsorbates. Our analysis of the existing literature suggests that there is no clear evidence of any preference for either homochiral or heterochiral aggregation at the molecular level by chiral and prochiral adsorbates on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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22
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Rieger A, Sax C, Bauert T, Wäckerlin C, Ernst KH. Chiral molecules adsorbed on a solid surface: Tartaric acid diastereomers and their surface explosion on Cu(111). Chirality 2018; 30:369-377. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rieger
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Cédric Sax
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bauert
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
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23
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Miao K, Hu Y, Xu L, Dong M, Wu J, Miao X, Deng W. Chiral polymorphism in the self-assemblies of achiral molecules induced by multiple hydrogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11160-11173. [PMID: 29629458 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Driven by multiple hydrogen bonds, chiral and achiral polymorphs are successfully fabricated at a liquid–solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Meiqiu Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Juntian Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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24
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Chen T, Li SY, Wang D, Wan LJ. Competitive chiral induction in a 2D molecular assembly: Intrinsic chirality versus coadsorber-induced chirality. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701208. [PMID: 29119137 PMCID: PMC5669609 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalently introducing stereogenic information is a promising approach to embed chirality in achiral molecular systems. However, the interplay of the noncovalently introduced chirality with the intrinsic chirality of molecules or molecular aggregations has rarely been addressed. We report a competitive chiral expression of the noncovalent interaction-mediated chirality induction and the intrinsic stereogenic center-controlled chirality induction in a two-dimensional (2D) molecular assembly at the liquid/solid interface. Two enantiomorphous honeycomb networks are formed by the coassembly of an achiral 5-(benzyloxy)isophthalic acid (BIC) derivative and 1-octanol at the liquid/solid interface. The preferential formation of the globally homochiral assembly can be achieved either by using the chiral analog of 1-octanol, (S)-6-methyl-1-octanol, as a chiral coadsorber to induce chirality to the BIC assembly via noncovalent hydrogen bonding or by covalently linking a chiral center in the side chain of BIC. Both the chiral coadsorber and the intrinsically chiral BIC derivative can act as a chiral seeds to induce a preferred handedness in the assembly of the achiral BIC derivatives. Furthermore, the noncovalent interaction-mediated chirality induction can restrain or even overrule the manifestation of the intrinsic chirality of the BIC molecule and dominate the handedness of the 2D molecular coassembly. This study provides insight into the interplay of intrinsically chiral centers and external chiral coadsorbers in the chiral induction, transfer, and amplification processes of 2D molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Destoop I, Minoia A, Ivasenko O, Noguchi A, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Lazzaroni R, De Feyter S. Transfer of chiral information from a chiral solvent to a two-dimensional network. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:215-231. [PMID: 28840217 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral induction in self-assembled monolayers has garnered considerable attention in the recent past, not only due to its importance in chiral resolution and enantioselective heterogeneous catalysis but also because of its relevance to the origin of homochirality in life. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of homochirality in a supramolecular low-density network formed by achiral molecules at the interface of a chiral solvent and an atomically-flat achiral substrate. We focus on the impact of structure and functionality of the adsorbate and the chiral solvent on the chiral induction efficiency in self-assembled physisorbed monolayers, as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Different induction mechanisms are proposed and evaluated, with the assistance of advanced molecular modeling simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Destoop
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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26
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Abstract
In the present review we survey the main advances made in recent years on the understanding of chemical chirality at solid surfaces. Chirality is an important topic, made particularly relevant by the homochiral nature of the biochemistry of life on Earth, and many chiral chemical reactions involve solid surfaces. Here we start our discussion with a description of surface chirality and of the different ways that chirality can be bestowed on solid surfaces. We then expand on the studies carried out to date to understand the adsorption of chiral compounds at a molecular level. We summarize the work published on the adsorption of pure enantiomers, of enantiomeric mixtures, and of prochiral molecules on chiral and achiral model surfaces, especially on well-defined metal single crystals but also on other flat substrates such as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Several phenomena are identified, including surface reconstruction and chiral imprinting upon adsorption of chiral agents, and the enhancement or suppression of enantioselectivity seen in some cases upon adsorption of enantiomixtures of chiral compounds. The possibility of enhancing the enantiopurity of adsorbed layers upon the addition of chiral seeds and the so-called "sergeants and soldiers" phenomenon are presented. Examples are provided where the chiral behavior has been associated with either thermodynamic or kinetic driving forces. Two main approaches to the creation of enantioselective surface sites are discussed, namely, via the formation of supramolecular chiral ensembles made out of small chiral adsorbates, and by adsorption of more complex chiral molecules capable of providing suitable chiral environments for reactants by themselves, via the formation of individual adsorbate:modifier adducts on the surface. Finally, a discussion is offered on the additional effects generated by the presence of the liquid phase often required in practical applications such as enantioselective crystallization, chiral chromatography, and enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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27
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Chakraborty I, Pradeep T. Atomically Precise Clusters of Noble Metals: Emerging Link between Atoms and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8208-8271. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1305] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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28
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Morrow SM, Bissette AJ, Fletcher SP. Transmission of chirality through space and across length scales. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:410-419. [PMID: 28474691 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property and vital to chemistry, biology, physics and materials science. The ability to use asymmetry to operate molecular-level machines or macroscopically functional devices, or to give novel properties to materials, may address key challenges at the heart of the physical sciences. However, how chirality at one length scale can be translated to asymmetry at a different scale is largely not well understood. In this Review, we discuss systems where chiral information is translated across length scales and through space. A variety of synthetic systems involve the transmission of chiral information between the molecular-, meso- and macroscales. We show how fundamental stereochemical principles may be used to design and understand nanoscale chiral phenomena and highlight important recent advances relevant to nanotechnology. The survey reveals that while the study of stereochemistry on the nanoscale is a rich and dynamic area, our understanding of how to control and harness it and dial-up specific properties is still in its infancy. The long-term goal of controlling nanoscale chirality promises to be an exciting journey, revealing insight into biological mechanisms and providing new technologies based on dynamic physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrew J Bissette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stephen P Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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29
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Darling GR, Forster M, Lin C, Liu N, Raval R, Hodgson A. Chiral segregation driven by a dynamical response of the adsorption footprint to the local adsorption environment: bitartrate on Cu(110). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7617-7623. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00622e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bitartrate, a strongly bound chiral modifier, is able to restructure its adsorption footprint on Cu(110) in response to local adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Darling
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - M. Forster
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - C. Lin
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - N. Liu
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - R. Raval
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - A. Hodgson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
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30
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Li SY, Chen T, Yue JY, Wang D, Wan LJ. Switching the surface homochiral assembly by surface host–guest chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11095-11098. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06291e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface chirality could be switched by host–guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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31
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Méthivier C, Cruguel H, Costa D, Pradier CM, Humblot V. Tuning the Surface Chirality of Adsorbed Gly-Pro Dipeptide/Cu(110) by Changing Its Chemical Form via Electrospray Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13759-13763. [PMID: 28024396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By changing the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) deposition method, classical sublimation versus electrospray ionization, one can tune the chemistry of a chiral dipeptide molecule (Gly-Pro, GP), when adsorbed on a Cu(110) surface, from anionic to zwitterionic. This chemical shift will influence the adsorption mode of the dipeptide, either in a three-point fashion in the case of anionic GP molecules with a strong interaction among the copper surface, both O atoms of the carboxylate moiety, and the nitrogen atoms, or in the case of zwitterions GP, the adsorption mode relies on the sole interaction of one carboxylate oxygen atom. These different anchoring modes strongly modify the expression of surface 2D chirality and the supramolecular assemblies with two very distinct unit cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dominique Costa
- Physico-Chimie des Surfaces/Institut de Recherches de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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32
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Pividori M, Dri C, Orselli ME, Berti F, Peressi M, Comelli G. Spontaneous symmetry breaking on ordered, racemic monolayers of achiral theophylline: formation of unichiral stripes on Au(111). NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19302-19313. [PMID: 27834424 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking within ordered, racemic monolayers of theophylline, manifesting itself as extended, nanoscale unichiral stripes at the interface between molecular domains. Theophylline is a xanthine derivative playing an important role in several biochemical processes. Molecular chirality is induced by adsorption on the Au(111) surface, resulting in extended domains with two different racemic, ordered structures, coexisting with a disordered phase. By combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) and ab initio density functional theory calculations, we first provide a detailed picture of the interactions within the ordered assemblies, and we uncover the origin of the distinct contrast features in STM images. Secondly, experiments reveal the existence of nanoscale stripes of unichiral molecules separating racemic domains of one of the two ordered phases, giving rise to a local enantiomeric imbalance. Systematic theoretical investigation of their structure and chiral composition confirm their unichirality, with the specific handedness related to the registry between the two ordered domains facing the stripes. These findings can open the way to new insights into the elusive mechanisms leading to local chiral imbalances in racemic systems, possibly at the origin of biomolecular homochirality, as well as suggest novel approaches for stereoselective heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pividori
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - C Dri
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy. and Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR-IOM, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M E Orselli
- Department of Physics, University of Milano, Via Celoria 17, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Berti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Peressi
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy. and Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR-IOM, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Comelli
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy. and Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR-IOM, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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33
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From helical to planar chirality by on-surface chemistry. Nat Chem 2016; 9:213-218. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Tobe Y, Tahara K, De Feyter S. Adaptive Building Blocks Consisting of Rigid Triangular Core and Flexible Alkoxy Chains for Self-Assembly at Liquid/Solid Interfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Li SY, Chen T, Wang L, Wang D, Wan LJ. Turning off the majority-rules effect in two-dimensional hierarchical chiral assembly by introducing a chiral mismatch. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17861-17868. [PMID: 27714125 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism in chiral transmission from a single molecule to a supramolecular level is fundamentally important to decipher the nonlinear amplification effect in the two-dimensional (2D) chiral assembly process. In this contribution, we report on the dramatically different nonlinear amplification effect in the chiral co-adsorber induced homochiral assemblies constructed by a series of homologous achiral building blocks on the graphite surface under control of the majority-rules principle. Homologous hexagonal networks are formed for 5-(benzyloxy)-isophthalic acid (BIC) derivatives with different alkyl lengths. While globally homochiral monolayers of BIC-C6 or BIC-C16 can be obtained by using a mixture of chiral co-adsorber 2-octanol with a small enantiomeric excess, such majority-rules principle based nonlinear chiral amplification is inoperative for the assembly of BIC-C10. Molecular mechanistic analysis indicates that BIC-C10 assembly can accommodate a chiral mismatched motif to form long-range ordered but short-range disordered crystalline networks, leading to the co-adsorption of enantiomers without enantioselectivity. The present results shed important insights into the significance of chirality mismatch during chiral transmission and benefit the understanding of chiral communication in a surface monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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36
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Zhang H, Gong Z, Sun K, Duan R, Ji P, Li L, Li C, Müllen K, Chi L. Two-Dimensional Chirality Transfer via On-Surface Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11743-8. [PMID: 27548402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional chirality transfer from self-assembled (SA) molecules to covalently bonded products was achieved via on-surface synthesis on Au(111) substrates by choosing 1,4-dibromo-2,5-didodecylbenzene (12DB) and 1,4-dibromo-2,5-ditridecylbenzene (13DB) as designed precursors. Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations reveal that their aryl-aryl coupling reaction occurs by connecting the nearest neighboring precursors and thus preserving the SA lamellar structure. The SA structures of 12(13)DB precursors determine the final structures of produced oligo-p-phenylenes (OPP) on the surface. Pure homochiral domains (12DB) give rise to homochiral domains of OPP, whereas lamellae containing mixed chiral geometry of the precursor (13DB) results in the formation of racemic lamellae of OPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmiao Gong
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruomeng Duan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Penghui Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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37
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Cao H, Destoop I, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Complex Chiral Induction Processes at the Solution/Solid Interface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:17444-17453. [PMID: 29296135 PMCID: PMC5747489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional supramolecular chirality is often achieved by confining molecules against a solid surface. The sergeants-soldiers principle is a popular strategy to fabricate chiral surfaces using predominantly achiral molecules. In this method, achiral molecules (the soldiers) are forced to assemble in a chiral fashion by mixing them with a small percentage of structurally similar chiral molecules (the sergeants). The full complexity of the amplification processes in chiral induction studies is rarely revealed due to the specific experimental conditions used. Here we report the evolution of chirality in mixed supramolecular networks of chiral and achiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivatives using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the solution/solid interface. The experiments were carried out in the high sergeants-soldiers mole ratio regime in relatively concentrated solutions. Variation in the sergeants/soldiers composition at a constant solution concentration revealed different mole ratio regimes where either amplification of supramolecular handedness as defined by the sergeant chirality or its reversal was observed. The chiral induction/reversal processes were found to be a convolution of different phenomena occurring at the solution-solid interface namely, structural polymorphism, competitive adsorption and adaptive host-guest recognition. Grasping the full complexity of chiral amplification processes as described here is a stepping-stone toward developing a predictive understanding of chiral amplification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Cao
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Destoop
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
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38
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Abstract
The chiral recognition among biomolecules is fundamentally important for many processes of life, including the stereochemistry of evolution. Of special interest is chiral recognition during crystallization of racemates, when either homochiral recognition leads to a conglomerate of homochiral crystals or heterochiral recognition dominates resulting in a racemic compound. The complex nature of molecular recognition at the level of nucleation and crystal growth renders it difficult to understand and calls for manageable model systems. Notably, the approach of studying aggregation of molecules at surfaces under well-defined conditions includes the benefit of the availability of a multitude of highly sensitive investigation methods, of which scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with its submolecular resolution is tremendously valuable. Heterogeneous nucleation at surfaces is strongly favored over homogeneous nucleation in solution; hence, surfaces are significantly involved in stereochemical recognition during crystallization. Helicenes are a fascinating class of chiral compounds with outstanding optical activity. These π-conjugated, ortho-fused, aromatic hydrocarbons are promising candidates for organic electronic devices such as sensors, circular dichroic photonics, liquid crystal displays or spin filters. But in particular the defined footprint of their terminal benzo rings on a surface makes them interesting for studying stereochemical recognition with different single crystalline surfaces and the impact this has, in turn, on intermolecular recognition. In this Account, we describe the self-assembly of helicenes on metal surfaces with the focus on stereochemical recognition in two-dimensional structures. Using the isomeric all-carbon helicenes, heptahelicene and dibenzohelicene as examples, different aggregation phenomena on different surfaces of single crystalline copper, silver, and gold are investigated. By means of STM different modes of transmission of molecular handedness from single molecules into extended two-dimensional supramolecular structures are identified. For the problem of racemate versus conglomerate crystallization, the impact of surface and molecular structure and their interplay are analyzed. This leads to detailed conclusions about the importance of the match of molecular and surface binding sites for long-range self-assembly. The absence of polar groups puts emphasis on van der Waals interaction and their maximization by steric overlap of molecular parts in enantiomeric and diastereomeric interactions. With STM as a manipulation tool, dimers are manually separated in order to analyze their chiral composition. And finally, new nonlinear cooperative effects induced by small enantiospecific bias are discovered that lead to single enantiomorphism in two-dimensional racemate crystals as well as in racemic multilayered films. By means of these model studies many details that govern chiral recognition at surfaces are rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Nanoscale Materials Science, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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Dynamic control over supramolecular handedness by selecting chiral induction pathways at the solution-solid interface. Nat Chem 2016; 8:711-7. [PMID: 27325099 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A dominant theme within the research on two-dimensional chirality is the sergeant-soldiers principle, wherein a small fraction of chiral molecules (sergeants) is used to skew the handedness of achiral molecules (soldiers) to generate a homochiral surface. Here, we have combined the sergeant-soldiers principle with temperature-dependent molecular self-assembly to unravel a peculiar chiral amplification mechanism at the solution-solid interface in which, depending on the concentration of a sergeant-soldiers solution, the majority handedness of the system can either be amplified or entirely reversed after an annealing step, furnishing a homochiral surface. Two discrete pathways that affect different stages of two-dimensional crystal growth are invoked for rationalizing this phenomenon and we present a set of experiments where the access to each pathway can be precisely controlled. These results demonstrate that a detailed understanding of subtle intermolecular and interfacial interactions can be used to induce drastic changes in the handedness of a supramolecular network.
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40
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Svane KL, Linderoth TR, Hammer B. Structure and role of metal clusters in a metal-organic coordination network determined by density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:084708. [PMID: 26931719 DOI: 10.1063/1.4942665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the structures formed by self-assembly of tetrahydroxybenzene (THB)-derivatives on Cu(111). The THB molecule is known to dehydrogenate completely during annealing, forming a reactive radical which assembles into a close-packed structure or a porous metal-coordinated network depending on the coverage of the system. Here, we present details on how the structures are determined by density functional theory calculations, using scanning tunneling microscopy-derived information on the periodicity. The porous network is based on adatom trimers. By analysing the charge distribution of the structure, it is found that this unusual coordination motif is preferred because it simultaneously provides a good coordination of all oxygen atoms and allows for the formation of a two-dimensional network on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Svane
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T R Linderoth
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Hammer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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Melnikau D, Savateeva D, Gaponik N, Govorov AO, Rakovich YP. Chiroptical activity in colloidal quantum dots coated with achiral ligands. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A65-A73. [PMID: 26832599 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000a65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the chiroptical properties of colloidal solution of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with a cubic lattice structure which were initially prepared without use of any chiral molecules and coated with achiral ligands. We demonstrate circular dichroism (CD) activity around first and second excitonic transition of these CdSe based nanocrystals. We consider that this chiroptical activity is caused by imbalance in racemic mixtures of QDs between the left and right handed nanoparticles, which appears as a result of the formation of various defects or incorporation of impurities into crystallographic structure during their synthesis. We demonstrate that optical activity of colloidal solution of CdSe QDs with achiral ligands weakly depends on the QDs size and number of ZnS monolayers, but does not depend on the nature of achiral ligands or polarity of the solution.
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Li SY, Chen T, Yue JY, Wang L, Yan HJ, Wang D, Wan LJ. Manifesting the sergeants-and-soldiers principle in coadsorber induced homochiral polymorphic assemblies at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12088-12091. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strong hydrogen bonding facilitates a more efficient amplification of chirality because of its critical role in chiral communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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43
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Hu Y, Miao K, Zha B, Xu L, Miao X, Deng W. STM investigation of structural isomers: alkyl chain position induced self-assembly at the liquid/solid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 18:624-34. [PMID: 26628411 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05795g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating and regulating the self-assembly structure is of great importance in 2D crystal engineering and it is also gaining significant interest in surface studies. In this work, we systematically explored the variation of self-assembled patterns induced by the changeable side chain position. Moreover, molecules with different alkyl chain lengths (n = 15, 16) were also synthesized and probed for the purpose of understanding how an odd/even number of carbon atoms in the peripheral chains can affect the molecular adlayers. Structural isomers of bis-substituted anthraquinone derivatives 1,8-A-2OCn, 2,6-A-2OCn, 1,4-A-2OCn and 1,5-A-2OCn (n = 15, 16) were used and investigated by STM. 1,8-A-2OC16 and 1,8-A-2OC15 molecules adopted Z-like I and Linear I structures, respectively. 2,6-A-2OC16 and 2,6-A-2OC15 molecules were severally arranged in Linear II and Linear III configurations. 1,4-A-2OCn (n = 15, 16) molecules were staggered in a Z-like II fashion and 1,5-A-2OCn (n = 15, 16) molecules displayed a Linear IV nanostructure. Therefore, we arrive at a conclusion that self-assembly structures of anthraquinone isomers are chain-position-dependent, and designing isomeric compounds can be taken into consideration in regulating assembled structures. Besides, 2D nanopatterns of 1,8-A-2OCn and 2,6-A-2OCn can be regulated by the odd/even property of the side chains, but this is not the case for 1,4-A-2OCn and 1,5-A-2OCn, ascribed to the difference in driving forces for them. It is believed that the results are of significance to the alkyl chain position induced assembly configurations and surface research studies of structural isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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44
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Parschau M, Ernst KH. Disappearing Enantiomorphs: Single Handedness in Racemate Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Parschau M, Ernst KH. Disappearing Enantiomorphs: Single Handedness in Racemate Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14422-6. [PMID: 26440779 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although crystallization is the most important method for the separation of enantiomers of chiral molecules in the chemical industry, the chiral recognition involved in this process is poorly understood at the molecular level. We report on the initial steps in the formation of layered racemate crystals from a racemic mixture, as observed by STM at submolecular resolution. Grown on a copper single-crystal surface, the chiral hydrocarbon heptahelicene formed chiral racemic lattice structures within the first layer. In the second layer, enantiomerically pure domains were observed, underneath which the first layer contained exclusively the other enantiomer. Hence, the system changed from a 2D racemate into a 3D racemate with enantiomerically pure layers after exceeding monolayer-saturation coverage. A chiral bias in form of a small enantiomeric excess suppressed the crystallization of one double-layer enantiomorph so that the pure minor enantiomer crystallized only in the second layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Parschau
- Nanoscale Materials Science Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf (Switzerland)
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Nanoscale Materials Science Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf (Switzerland). .,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich (Switzerland).
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Yun Y, Gellman AJ. Enantiospecific Adsorption of Amino Acids on Naturally Chiral Cu{3,1,17}R&S Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6055-6063. [PMID: 25933641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase equilibrium adsorption of D- and L-serine (Ser) mixtures and D- and L-phenylalanine (Phe) mixtures has been studied on the naturally chiral Cu{3,1,17}(R&S) surfaces. (13)C labeling of the l enantiomers (*L-Ser and *L-Phe) has enabled mass spectrometric enantiodiscrimination of the species desorbing from the surface following equilibrium adsorption. On the Cu{3,1,17}(R&S) surfaces, both equilibrium adsorption and the thermal decomposition kinetics of the D and *L enantiomers exhibit diastereomerism. Following exposure of the surfaces to D/*L mixtures, the relative equilibrium coverages of the two enantiomers are equal to their relative partial pressures in the gas phase, θ(D)/θ(*L) = P(D)/P(*L). This implies that adsorption is not measurably enantiospecific. The decomposition kinetics of Ser are enantiospecific whereas those of Phe are not. Comparison of these results with those for aspartic acid, alanine, and lysine suggests that enantiospecific adsorption on the naturally chiral Cu surfaces occurs for those amino acids that have side chains with functional groups that allow strong interactions with the surface. There is no apparent correlation between amino acids that exhibit enantiospecific adsorption and those that exhibit enantiospecific decomposition kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrew J Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Adsorption-induced auto-amplification of enantiomeric excess on an achiral surface. Nat Chem 2015; 7:520-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chen T, Wang D, Wan LJ. Two-dimensional chiral molecular assembly on solid surfaces: formation and regulation. Natl Sci Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The expression of chirality in 2D molecular assemblies on solid surfaces has unique features compared to the analogous process in 1D and 3D supramolecular assemblies. Understanding the formation of chiral molecular assemblies on surfaces not only provides insight into the origin and transfer of chirality in many enantioselective processes, but also aids rational design and construction of chiral architectures and materials. This present contribution reviews recent studies on how chirality is induced and expressed on the surface at different levels, both from intrinsically chiral and achiral molecules. Furthermore, we discuss the regulation effect of some pivotal factors, for example, the chemical structure, the chiral auxiliary molecules, and the assembled environments, on the expression of chirality in molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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49
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Woszczyk A, Szabelski P. Theoretical investigations of the 2D chiral segregation induced by external directional fields. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Computer simulations demonstrate the possibility of inducing 2D chiral segregation using continuously adjustable external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Woszczyk
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Maria-Curie Skłodowska University
- 20-031 Lublin
- Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Maria-Curie Skłodowska University
- 20-031 Lublin
- Poland
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Mahapatra M, Tysoe WT. Adsorption and reaction pathways of a chiral probe molecule, S-glycidol on a Pd(111) surface. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00904e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of S-glycidol is studied on a Pd(111) surface using temperature-programmed desorption and reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy to explore its suitability as a chiral probe molecule and to follow its reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausumi Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Wilfred T. Tysoe
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
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