1
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Sokolova AD, Platonov DN, Belyy AY, Salikov RF, Erokhin KS, Tomilov YV. The Antiaromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction (S NAAr) in Cycloheptatrienyl-Anion Containing Zwitterions with a Möbius-Aromatic Intermediate. Org Lett 2024; 26:5877-5882. [PMID: 38958743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Antiaromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions in cycloheptatrienide pyridinium and phosphonium zwitterions with initial formation of a cycloheptatetraene intermediate are explored. The mechanism was supported by quantum chemical calculations, first-order reaction kinetics, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The pyridinium zwitterion exhibited weak antiaromaticity, whereas the intermediate displayed Möbius aromaticity, as evidenced by nuclear independent chemical shift values and the shape of its HOMO. This study represents the eighth confirmed instance of a Möbius-aromatic organic species in its ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena D Sokolova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry N Platonov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Yu Belyy
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rinat F Salikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill S Erokhin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V Tomilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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2
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Scholz AS, Bolte M, Virovets A, Peresypkina E, Lerner HW, Anstöter CS, Wagner M. Tetramerization of BEB-Doped Phenalenyls to Obtain (BE) 8-[16]Annulenes (E = N, O). J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12100-12112. [PMID: 38635878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Two (BE)8-[16]annulenes were prepared and fully characterized by experimental and quantum-chemical means (1, E = N; 2, E = O). The 1,8-naphthalenediyl-bridged diborane(6) 3 served as their common starting material, which was treated with [Al(NH3)6]Cl3 to form 1 (91% yield) or with 1,8-naphthalenediboronic acid anhydride to form 2 (93% yield). As a result, the heteroannulenes 1 and 2 are supported by four aromatic "clamps" and may also be viewed as NH- or O-bridged cyclic tetramers of BNB- or BOB-doped phenalenyls. X-ray crystallography on mono-, di-, and tetraadducts 2·thf, 2·py2, and 2·py4 showed that 2 is an oligotopic Lewis acid (thf/py: tetrahydrofuran/pyridine donor). The applicability of 2 also as a Lewis basic ligand in coordination chemistry was demonstrated by the synthesis of the mononuclear Ag+ complex [Ag(py)2(2·py4)]+ and the dinuclear Pb2+ complex 6. During the assembly of 6, the rearrangement of 2 led to the formation of two (BO)9-macrocycles linked by two BOB-phenalenyls to form a nanometer-sized cage with four negatively charged, tetracoordinated B atoms. Both 1 and 2 show several redox waves in the cathodic regions of the cyclic voltammograms. An in-depth assessment of the consequences of electron injection on the aromaticity of 1 and 2 was achieved by electronic structure calculations. 1 and 2 are proposed to exhibit aromatic switching capabilities in the [16]annulene motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eugenia Peresypkina
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cate S Anstöter
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YLEdinburgh,U.K
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Wu S, Han Y, Ni Y, Hou X, Wei H, Li Z, Wu J. Unveiling Möbius/Hückel Topology and Aromaticity in A Core-Expanded [10]Annulene at Different Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320144. [PMID: 38243691 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of annulene's conformation, electronic properties and aromaticity has generated enduring interest over the years, yet it continues to present formidable challenges for annulenes with more than ten carbon atoms. In this study, we present the synthesis of a stable [10]cyclo-para-phenylmethine derivative (1), which bears a resemblance to [10]annulene. 1 can be readily oxidized into its respective cations, wherein electrons are effectively delocalized along the backbone, resulting in different conformations and aromaticity. Both 1 and its tetracation (14+ ⋅ 4SbF6 - ) exhibit a nearly planar conformation with a rectangular shape, akin to the E,Z,E,Z,Z-[10]annulene. In contrast, the radical cation (1⋅+ ⋅ SbCl6 - ) possesses a doubly twisted Hückel topology. Furthermore, the dication (12+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - ) displays conformational flexibility in solution and crystalizes with the simultaneous presence of Möbius-twisted (1a2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - ) and Hückel-planar (1b2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - ) isomers in its unit cell. Detailed experimental measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that: (1) 1 demonstrates localized aromaticity with an alternating benzenoid/quinoid structure; (2) 1a2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - and 1b2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - with 48π electrons are weakly Möbius aromatic and Hückel antiaromatic, respectively; (3) 14+ ⋅ 4SbF6 - exhibits Hückel aromaticity (46π) and open-shell diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhengtao Li
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, 32400, P. R. China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Bachrach SM. The Topology of Molecules with Twelve Fused Phenyl Rings ([12]Circulenes): Rings, Infinitenes, and Möbius Infinitenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent preparation of infinitene (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 862-871), a computational (ωB97XD/6-311G(d)) exploration of 42 isomeric compounds with 12 fused phenyl rings identified structures with linking number of zero (ring, saddle, and ribbon shapes), two (infinitene-like shape), and one (Möbius infinitene shape) is reported. An infinitene isomer composed of two [5]helicene fragments connected to two stacked phenyl rings and a Möbius infinitene isomer are identified that are more stable than the known infinitene. The energies of the structures are examined by assessing their macrocyclization (strain) energies, π-stacking, and possible aromaticity. Examples of fused phenyl molecules with linking numbers of 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shown, indicating the potential topological range that these molecules can possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Bachrach
- Artis College of Science and Technology, Radford University, Radford, Virginia 24142 United States
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5
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Zhong S, Zhu L, Wu S, Li Y, Lin M. Photoactive donor-acceptor conjugated macrocycles: New opportunities for supramolecular chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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David G, Ben Amor N, Zeng T, Suaud N, Trinquier G, Malrieu JP. Difficulty of the evaluation of the barrier height of an open-shell transition state between closed shell minima: The case of small C 4n rings. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:224104. [PMID: 35705394 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
C4n cyclacenes exhibit strong bond-alternation in their equilibrium geometry. In the two equivalent geometries, the system keeps an essentially closed-shell character. The two energy minima are separated by a transition state suppressing the bond-alternation, where the wave function is strongly diradical. This paper discusses the physical factors involved in this energy difference and possible evaluations of the barrier height. The barrier given as the energy difference between the restricted density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP for the equilibrium and the broken symmetry DFT/B3LYP of the transition state is either negative or small, in contradiction with the most reliable Wave Function Theory calculations. The minimal (two electrons in two molecular orbitals) Complete Active Space self-consistent field (CASSCF) overestimates the barrier, and the subsequent second-order perturbation cancels it. Due to the collective character of the spin-polarization effect, it is necessary to perform a full π CASSCF + second-order perturbation to reach a reasonable value of the barrier, but this type of treatment cannot be applied to large molecules. DFT procedures treating on an equal foot the closed-shell and open-shell geometries have been explored, such as Mixed-Reference Spin-Flip Time-dependent-DFT and a new spin-decontamination proposal, namely, DFT-dressed configuration interaction, but the results still depend on the density functional. M06-2X without or with spin-decontamination gives the best agreement with the accurate wave function results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire David
- University Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Suaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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7
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Ruffin H, Fihey A, Boitrel B, Le Gac S. Möbius Zn
II
‐Hexaphyrins Bearing a Chiral Coordinating Arm: A Chiroptical Switch Featuring P/M Twist Inversion Controlled by Achiral Effectors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Ruffin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Bernard Boitrel
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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8
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Ruffin H, Fihey A, Boitrel B, Le Gac S. Möbius Zn II -Hexaphyrins Bearing a Chiral Coordinating Arm: A Chiroptical Switch Featuring P/M Twist Inversion Controlled by Achiral Effectors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113844. [PMID: 34813138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
By their conformational flexibility, Möbius aromatic hexaphyrins provide a dynamic chirality attractive to develop stimuli responsive systems such as chiroptical switches. A regular [28]hexaphyrin has been equipped with a chiral coordinating arm to achieve transfer of chirality from a fix stereogenic element to the dynamic Möbius one. The arm allows straightforward formation of labile monometallic ZnII complexes with an exogenous ligand, either a carboxylato or an amino with opposite inwards/outwards orientations relative to the Möbius ring. As a corollary, the chiral coordinating arm is constrained over the ring or laterally, inducing opposite P and M Möbius configurations with unprecedented high stereoselectivity (diast. excess greater than 95 %). By tuning the transfer of chirality, these achiral effectors generate electronic circular dichroism spectra with bisignate Cotton effect of opposite signs. Switching between distinct chiroptical states was ultimately achieved in mild conditions owing to ligand exchange, with high robustness (10 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Ruffin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Boitrel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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9
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Luo Z, Yang X, Cai K, Fu X, Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhao D. Toward Möbius and Tubular Cyclopolyarene Nanorings via Arylbutadiyne Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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10
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Luo Z, Yang X, Cai K, Fu X, Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhao D. Toward Möbius and Tubular Cyclopolyarene Nanorings via Arylbutadiyne Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14854-14860. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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11
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Bachrach SM, Rzepa HS. Cycloparaphenylene Möbius trefoils. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13567-13570. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT computations (ωB97X-D/6-31G(d)) of eight different cycloparaphenylenes that have three internal linking groups are shown to have two different conformations that express interesting Möbius topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry S. Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- Imperial College London
- London W12 OBZ
- UK
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12
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Dash S, Ghosh A, Srinivasan A, Suresh CH, Chandrashekar TK. Protonation-Triggered Hückel and Möbius Aromatic Transformations in Nonaromatic Core-Modified [30]Hexaphyrin(2.1.1.2.1.1) and Annulated [28]Hexaphyrin(2.1.1.0.1.1). Org Lett 2019; 21:9637-9641. [PMID: 31763854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-dithienylethene-embedded hexaphyrins 6 and 8 containing 30π and 28π electrons, respectively, in conjugation exhibit nonaromatic characteristics. Compound 6 shows an unusual bond length equalization in its electronic structure. However, on protonation, 6 exhibits Hückel aromatic characteristics while 8 shows Möbius aromatic characteristics. The changes in aromaticity are accompanied by change in conformation from a figure-eight/twisted structure to an open extended structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamasrit Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha, HBNI , India
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha, HBNI , India
| | - A Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha, HBNI , India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Inorganic and theoretical chemistry section, Chemical Science and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology , Trivandrum 695019 , Kerala , India
| | - Tavarekere K Chandrashekar
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha, HBNI , India
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13
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Nishigaki S, Shibata Y, Nakajima A, Okajima H, Masumoto Y, Osawa T, Muranaka A, Sugiyama H, Horikawa A, Uekusa H, Koshino H, Uchiyama M, Sakamoto A, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Belt- and Möbius-Shaped Cycloparaphenylenes by Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14955-14960. [PMID: 31418559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A belt-shaped [8]cycloparaphenylene (CPP) and an enantioenriched Möbius-shaped [10]CPP have been synthesized by high-yielding rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclotrimerizations of a cyclic dodecayne and a pentadecayne, respectively. This Möbius-shaped [10]CPP possesses stable chirality and isolated with high enantiomeric purity. It is evident from the reaction Gibbs energy calculation that the above irreversible cyclotrimerizations are highly exothermic; therefore establishing that the intramolecular alkyne cyclotrimerization is a powerful route to strained cyclic molecular strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nishigaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Atsuya Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science , Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science , Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Yui Masumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Taisei Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Ayano Horikawa
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science , Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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14
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Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Lalisse RF, Hewage N, Brückner C, Gascón JA. Origins of the Electronic Modulations of Bacterio- and Isobacteriodilactone Regioisomers. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7470-7485. [PMID: 31361130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the utilization of porphyrinoids for photomedicine, catalysis, and artificial photosynthesis require a fundamental understanding of the relationships between their molecular connectivity and resulting electronic structures. Herein, we analyze how the replacement of two pyrrolic Cβ═Cβ bonds of a porphyrin by two lactone (O═C-O) moieties modulates the ground-state thermodynamic stability and electronic structure of the resulting five possible pyrrole-modified porphyrin isomers. We made these determinations based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT computations of the optical spectra of all regioisomers. We also analyzed the computed magnetically induced currents of their aromatic π-systems. All regioisomers adopt the tautomeric state that maximizes aromaticity, whether or not transannular steric strains are incurred. In all isomers, the O═Cβ-Oβ bonds were found to support a macrocycle diatropic ring current. We attributed this to the delocalization of nonbonding electrons from the ring oxa- and oxo-atoms into the macrocycle. As a consequence of this delocalization, the dilactone regioisomers are as-or even more-aromatic than their hydroporphyrin congeners. The electronic structures follow different trends for the bacteriochlorin- and isobacteriochlorin-type isomers. The presence of either oxo- or oxa-oxygens conjugated with the macrocyclic π-system was found to be the minimal structural requirement for the regioisomers to exhibit distinct electronic properties. Our computational methods and mechanistic insights provide a basis for the systematic exploration of the physicochemical properties of porphyrinoids as a function of the number, relative orientation, and degree of macrocycle-π-conjugation of β-substituents, in general, and for dilactone-based porphyrinic chromophores, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060 , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060 , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Nisansala Hewage
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060 , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060 , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - José A Gascón
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060 , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
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15
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Benchouaia R, Cissé N, Boitrel B, Sollogoub M, Le Gac S, Ménand M. Orchestrating Communications in a Three-Type Chirality Totem: Remote Control of the Chiroptical Response of a Möbius Aromatic System. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11583-11593. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Benchouaia
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)−UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Nicolas Cissé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)−UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Bernard Boitrel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)−UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)−UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Mickaël Ménand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM (UMR 8232), F-75005 Paris, France
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16
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Le Gac S, Caytan E, Dorcet V, Boitrel B. Acid-base controlled multiple conformation and aromaticity switches in tren-capped hexaphyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3718-3722. [PMID: 30896705 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00489k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon protonation, a tren-capped hexaphyrin undergoes successive rectangular-to-Möbius and Möbius-to-triangular conformational isomerizations, with concomitant antiaromaticity-to-aromaticity reversal. This affords different cage environments leading ultimately to a "crypto-bowl-shape" hexaphyrin hosting a trifluoroacetate counterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Le Gac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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17
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Uehara K, Mei P, Murayama T, Tani F, Hayashi H, Suzuki M, Aratani N, Yamada H. Response to “The Seven‐Membered Ring in Bis‐Azuleno‐Naphthalene is Non‐Aromatic”. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Uehara
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho, Ikoma 630‐0192 Nara Japan
| | - Peifeng Mei
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho, Ikoma 630‐0192 Nara Japan
| | - Tomohisa Murayama
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho, Ikoma 630‐0192 Nara Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi‐ku 819‐0395 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho, Ikoma 630‐0192 Nara Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho, Ikoma 630‐0192 Nara Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho, Ikoma 630‐0192 Nara Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho, Ikoma 630‐0192 Nara Japan
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18
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Garner MH, Hoffmann R, Rettrup S, Solomon GC. Coarctate and Möbius: The Helical Orbitals of Allene and Other Cumulenes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:688-700. [PMID: 29974064 PMCID: PMC6026781 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As brought to the attention of the community by Hendon et al. and noted by previous workers, the π orbitals of the equilibrium geometry odd-carbon (even number of double bonds = n) [n]cumulenes may be written in either rectilinear or helical form. We trace the origins and detailed composition of the helical orbitals of cumulenes, which emerge in the simplest Hückel model and are not much modified in advanced computations. For the α,ω-disubstituted even [n]cumulenes, the helical representation is obligatory as the symmetry is reduced from D2d to C2. A relationship is apparent between these helical orbitals of the even [n]cumulenes, seen as a Herges coarctate system, and the corresponding Möbius cyclic polyene orbitals. The twist of the orbitals varies in interesting ways along the helix, and so does the contribution of the component atomic orbitals. Though the electronic structures of even [n]cumulenes and Möbius cyclopolyenes are closely related, they differ for higher n in intriguing ways; these are linked to the constrained rotation of the basis orbitals along the helical twist itinerary. Relations are constructed between the level patterns of the π-systems of even [n]cumulenes and ideas of Hückel and Möbius aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Garner
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100, Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 4850, United
States
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 4850, United
States
| | - Sten Rettrup
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100, Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100, Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
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19
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Ruffin H, Nyame Mendendy Boussambe G, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Boitrel B, Le Gac S. Tren-Capped Hexaphyrin Zinc Complexes: Interplaying Molecular Recognition, Möbius Aromaticity, and Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13847-13857. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Ruffin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 avenue
du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Gildas Nyame Mendendy Boussambe
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 avenue
du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 avenue
du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 avenue
du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Bernard Boitrel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 avenue
du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 avenue
du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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20
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An K, Shen T, Zhu J. Craig-Type Möbius Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Dimetalla[10]annulenes: A Metal-Induced Yin-and-Yang Pair. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke An
- State Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical
Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical
Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical
Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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21
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Tanaka T, Osuka A. Chemistry of meso-Aryl-Substituted Expanded Porphyrins: Aromaticity and Molecular Twist. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2584-2640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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22
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Wang E, He Z, Zhao E, Meng L, Schütt C, Lam JWY, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Huang X, Herges R, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced-Emission-Active Macrocycle Exhibiting Analogous Triply and Singly Twisted Möbius Topologies. Chemistry 2015; 21:11707-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Marcos E, Anglada JM, Torrent-Sucarrat M. Effect of the Meso-Substituent in the Hückel-to-Möbius Topological Switches. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5036-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500569p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Marcos
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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McKee WC, Wu JI, Rzepa HS, Schleyer PVR. A Hückel Theory Perspective on Möbius Aromaticity. Org Lett 2013; 15:3432-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401491s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William C. McKee
- Center for Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2525, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, U.K
| | - Judy, I. Wu
- Center for Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2525, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, U.K
| | - Henry S. Rzepa
- Center for Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2525, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, U.K
| | - Paul von Ragué Schleyer
- Center for Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2525, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, U.K
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25
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Abstract
This article emphasizes two underappreciated aspects of hyperconjugation in hydrocarbons, two-way hyperconjugation and hyperconjugation in tight spaces. Nonplanar polyenes [e.g., cyclooctatetraene (D2d), biphenyl (D2), styrene (C1)], the nonplanar rotational transition states (TSs) of planar polyenes (e.g., perpendicular 1,3-butadiene), as well as the larger nonplanar Hückel or Möbius annulenes, are stabilized by effective σ-electron delocalization (involving either the C–C or C–H bonds) via two-way hyperconjugation. The collective consequence of two-way hyperconjugation in molecules can be nearly as stabilizing as π-conjugation effects in planar polyenes. Reexamination of the σ- vs. π-bond strength of ethylene results in surprising counterintuitive insights. Strained rings and cages (e.g., cyclopropane and tetrahedrane derivatives, the cubyl cation, etc.) can foster unexpectedly large hyperconjugation stabilizations due to their highly deformed ring angles. The thermochemical stabilities of these species rely on a fine balance between their opposing destabilizing geometrical features and stabilizing hyperconjugative effects in tight spaces (adjustable via substituent effects). We hope to help dispel chemists’ prejudice in viewing hyperconjugation as merely a “mild” effect with unimportant consequences for interpreting the structures and energies of molecules.
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26
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Alonso M, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Conformational Control in [22]- and [24]Pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1) by Meso Substituents and their N-Fusion Reaction. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4419-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4003823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center
for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul v. R. Schleyer
- Department of Chemistry, Center
for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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28
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Torrent-Sucarrat M, Anglada JM, Luis JM. Evaluation of the nonlinear optical properties for an expanded porphyrin Hückel-Möbius aromaticity switch. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:184306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4765667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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29
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Liu Z, Tian Z, Li W, Meng S, Wang L, Ma J. Chiral Interconversions of Pd and/or Au Bis-Metalated [32]Octaphyrins(1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0) Involving Hückel and Möbius Macrocyclic Topologies: A Theoretical Prediction. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8124-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3014879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Key Laboratory
of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory
of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Suci Meng
- Key Laboratory
of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory
of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s
Republic of China
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30
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Castro C, Karney WL. Mechanisms and Möbius strips: understanding dynamic processes in annulenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Castro
- Department of Chemistry; University of San Francisco; San Francisco CA 94117 USA
| | - William L. Karney
- Department of Chemistry; University of San Francisco; San Francisco CA 94117 USA
- Department of Environmental Science; University of San Francisco; San Francisco CA 94117 USA
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31
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Yoon MC, Kim P, Yoo H, Shimizu S, Koide T, Tokuji S, Saito S, Osuka A, Kim D. Solvent- and Temperature-Dependent Conformational Changes between Hückel Antiaromatic and Möbius Aromatic Species in meso-Trifluoromethyl Substituted [28]Hexaphyrins. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:14928-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp207731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Yoon
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Pyosang Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyejin Yoo
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taro Koide
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sumito Tokuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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32
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Torrent-Sucarrat M, Anglada JM, Luis JM. Evaluation of the Nonlinear Optical Properties for Annulenes with Hückel and Möbius Topologies. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:3935-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ct2005424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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33
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Abstract
Aromaticity is a key concept in chemistry, dating back to Faraday's discovery of benzene in 1825 and Kekulé's famous alternating-double-bond structure of 1865. In 1858, the Möbius strip was discovered by Möbius and Listing. The Hückel rules for predicting aromaticity, stating that [4n + 2] π electrons result in an aromatic system, work for planar molecules. Although molecules with Möbius geometry are not found in nature, chemists have tried to synthesize such molecules since the first theoretical prediction by Heilbronner in 1964 and the prediction of Möbius aromaticity for suitable compounds with [4n] π electrons. However, Möbius-aromatic molecules have proved difficult to synthesize, and sometimes even to identify. Here we summarize recent contributions of several research groups that have succeeded in synthesizing Möbius-type molecules. The results of this survey lead us to suggest that the generation of Möbius topologies in expanded porphyrins is easier than hitherto appreciated.
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34
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Solvent-Dependent Aromatic versus Antiaromatic Conformational Switching in meso-(Heptakis)pentafluorophenyl [32]Heptaphyrin. Chemistry 2011; 17:6707-15. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Imitating trumpet shells: Möbius container molecules. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Fliegl H, Taubert S, Lehtonen O, Sundholm D. The gauge including magnetically induced current method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20500-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21812c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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38
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Fliegl H, Sundholm D, Pichierri F. Aromatic pathways in mono- and bisphosphorous singly Möbius twisted [28] and [30]hexaphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20659-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Chang CW, Liu M, Nam S, Zhang S, Liu Y, Bartal G, Zhang X. Optical Möbius symmetry in metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:235501. [PMID: 21231477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally observed a new topological symmetry in optical composites, namely, metamaterials. While it is not found yet in nature materials, the electromagnetic Möbius symmetry discovered in metamaterials is equivalent to the structural symmetry of a Möbius strip, with the number of twists controlled by the sign change of the electromagnetic coupling between the meta-atoms. We further demonstrate that metamaterials with different coupling signs exhibit resonance frequencies that depend only on the number but not the locations of the "twists," thus confirming its topological nature. The new topological symmetry found in metamaterials may enable unique functionalities in optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, USA
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40
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Puchta R, Neumüller B, Dehnicke K. [Be3(μ3-O)3(MeCN)6{Be(MeCN)3}3](I)6 - ein Berylliumkomplex mit Cyclo-(Be3O3)-Kern und sein Hydrolyseprodukt [Be(H2O)4](I)2·2MeCN. [Be3(μ3-O)3(MeCN)6{Be(MeCN)3}3](I)6 - a Beryllium Complex with Cyclo-(Be3O3) Core and its Product of Hydrolysis [Be(H2O)4](I). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Structures of Annulenes and Model Annulene Systems in the Ground and Lowest Excited States. Symmetry (Basel) 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/sym2041846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Inoue M, Osuka A. Redox-Induced Palladium Migrations that Allow Reversible Topological Changes between Palladium(II) Complexes of Möbius Aromatic [28]Hexaphyrin and Hückel Aromatic [26]Hexaphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Inoue M, Osuka A. Redox-Induced Palladium Migrations that Allow Reversible Topological Changes between Palladium(II) Complexes of Möbius Aromatic [28]Hexaphyrin and Hückel Aromatic [26]Hexaphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9488-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fliegl H, Sundholm D, Taubert S, Pichierri F. Aromatic Pathways in Twisted Hexaphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7153-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1021517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Fliegl
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, G-COE Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-07, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan, and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, G-COE Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-07, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan, and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, G-COE Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-07, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan, and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabio Pichierri
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, G-COE Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-07, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan, and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Higashino T, Lim J, Miura T, Saito S, Shin JY, Kim D, Osuka A. Möbius Antiaromatic Bisphosphorus Complexes of [30]Hexaphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Higashino T, Lim J, Miura T, Saito S, Shin JY, Kim D, Osuka A. Möbius Antiaromatic Bisphosphorus Complexes of [30]Hexaphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4950-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Stȩpień M, Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Three-Level Topology Switching in a Molecular Möbius Band. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3140-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja909913y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stȩpień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szyszko
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Wang YF, Li Z, Li Y, Li ZR, Li ZJ, Wu D, Ma F, Sun CC. Möbius basket molecule: structure and properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8847-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b927344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bucher GÃ, Grimme S, Huenerbein R, Auer A, Mucke E, Köhler F, Siegwarth J, Herges R. Is the [9]Annulene Cation a Möbius Annulene? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9971-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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