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Mundsinger K, Izuagbe A, Tuten BT, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Single Chain Nanoparticles in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311734. [PMID: 37852937 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the last six decades folded polymer chains-so-called Single Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs)-have evolved from the mere concept of intramolecularly crosslinked polymer chains to tailored nanoreactors, underpinned by a plethora of techniques and chemistries to tailor and analyze their morphology and function. These monomolecular polymer entities hold critical promise in a wide range of applications. Herein, we highlight the exciting progress that has been made in the field of catalytically active SCNPs in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mundsinger
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Aidan Izuagbe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryan T Tuten
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Chen J, Garcia ES, Zimmerman SC. Intramolecularly Cross-Linked Polymers: From Structure to Function with Applications as Artificial Antibodies and Artificial Enzymes. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1244-1256. [PMID: 32441091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linking of polymers significantly alters their physical properties, greatly expanding their everyday utility. Indeed, the polymeric networks resulting from linkages between polymer chains are found in everyday materials from soft contact lenses and automobile tires to enamel coatings and high-performance adhesives. In contrast, intramolecularly cross-linked polymers have received far less attention until recent years, in large part because they are synthetically more challenging to prepare. In this Account, we trace our own efforts to develop the chemistry of intramolecularly cross-linked macromolecules, starting with dendrimers. Dendrimers provided an excellent starting point for investigating intramolecular cross-linking because they are single molecular entities. We showed that the end groups of dendrimers can be extensively cross-linked using the ring-closing metathesis reaction and that the discrete structure of the dendrimer provides unique opportunities for characterizing the number and location of the cross-links as well as some physical properties of the macromolecule such as its size and rigidity. Increasing the number of ring-closing metathesis reactions correlated with a reduction in size and an increase in rigidity. The general strategy applied to dendrimers was extended to star polymers and hyperbranched polyglycerols. Each of these macromolecules has a core or an initiating group from which the branches emanate. Linking the end groups or branches of these polymers presents a unique opportunity to chemically remove the core of the cross-linked macromolecule in a process that is reminiscent of that used to produce covalent molecular imprinted polymers. Recognizing this analogy, we sought a compelling application for cross-linked dendrimers, the first example of unimolecular imprinting, where a single polymer contains a single molecular imprint. The quality of the imprinting was mixed but pointed to an alternative general strategy for molecular imprinting in polymers. The effort also focused attention on synthetic antibodies and the general biomimicry provided by this class of macromolecules. Indeed, cross-linking of polymers either covalently or non-covalently bears a loose resemblance to folding of proteins into defined three-dimensional shapes. The synthesis and study of cross-linked linear polymers, often called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs), has emerged as a very active area of research in the past few years. Our experience with the cross-linking of branched polymers combined with an interest in performing organic synthesis within living cells led us to develop copper-containing SCNPs as artificial clickases. These polymeric clickases exhibit all of the hallmarks of enzymatic catalysis. One clickase containing a polyacrylamide backbone performs low-concentration copper-assisted alkyne-azide click reactions at unprecedented rates. Another performs click reactions within living cells. Other organic transformations can be performed intracellularly, and some of the most advanced SCNPs engage in concurrent and tandem catalysis with a naturally occurring biocatalyst. By tracing our own efforts, this Account provides a few entry points into the broader literature and also points to both the remaining challenges and overall promising future envisioned for this unique class of functional macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Edzna S. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Li Y, Bai Y, Zheng N, Liu Y, Vincil GA, Pedretti BJ, Cheng J, Zimmerman SC. Crosslinked dendronized polyols as a general approach to brighter and more stable fluorophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3781-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent, aqueous-soluble, crosslinked dendronized polyols (CDPs) are obtained through a sequential process involving ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), intra-chain ring-closing metathesis (RCM), and hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Yugang Bai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Gretchen A. Vincil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | | | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
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Mavila S, Eivgi O, Berkovich I, Lemcoff NG. Intramolecular Cross-Linking Methodologies for the Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2015; 116:878-961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva-84105, Israel
| | - Or Eivgi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva-84105, Israel
| | - Inbal Berkovich
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva-84105, Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva-84105, Israel
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Bai Y, Xing H, Vincil GA, Lee J, Henderson EJ, Lu Y, Lemcoff NG, Zimmerman SC. Practical synthesis of water-soluble organic nanoparticles with a single reactive group and a functional carrier scaffold. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00700j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical synthesis of biocompatible organic nanoparticles with a reactive group and a functional carrier scaffold was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Bai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Gretchen A. Vincil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
| | | | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
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Mavila S, Diesendruck CE, Linde S, Amir L, Shikler R, Lemcoff NG. Polycyclooctadiene Complexes of Rhodium(I): Direct Access to Organometallic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5767-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Mavila S, Diesendruck CE, Linde S, Amir L, Shikler R, Lemcoff NG. Polycyclooctadiene Complexes of Rhodium(I): Direct Access to Organometallic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Vela J. Molecular Chemistry to the Fore: New Insights into the Fascinating World of Photoactive Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:653-668. [PMID: 26281882 DOI: 10.1021/jz302100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals possess unique properties that are unmatched by other chromophores such as organic dyes or transition-metal complexes. These versatile building blocks have generated much scientific interest and found applications in bioimaging, tracking, lighting, lasing, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics, and spintronics. Despite these advances, important challenges remain, notably how to produce semiconductor nanostructures with predetermined architecture, how to produce metastable semiconductor nanostructures that are hard to isolate by conventional syntheses, and how to control the degree of surface loading or valence per nanocrystal. Molecular chemists are very familiar with these issues and can use their expertise to help solve these challenges. In this Perspective, we present our group's recent work on bottom-up molecular control of nanoscale composition and morphology, low-temperature photochemical routes to semiconductor heterostructures and metastable phases, solar-to-chemical energy conversion with semiconductor-based photocatalysts, and controlled surface modification of colloidal semiconductors that bypasses ligand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vela
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Dirlam PT, Kim HJ, Arrington KJ, Chung WJ, Sahoo R, Hill LJ, Costanzo PJ, Theato P, Char K, Pyun J. Single chain polymer nanoparticles via sequential ATRP and oxidative polymerization. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Cantin K, Lafleur-Lambert A, Dufour P, Morin JF. Studies Toward the Synthesis of Phenylacetylene Macrocycle Based Rotaxane Precursors as Building Blocks for Organic Nanotubes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yang SK, Zimmerman SC. Polyglycerol-Dendronized Perylenediimides as Stable, Water-Soluble Fluorophores. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2012; 22:3023-3028. [PMID: 23459294 PMCID: PMC3583348 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical properties of water-soluble, fluorescent polyglycerol-dendronized perylenediimides 1-4 are reported. The polyglycerol dendrons, which are known to be highly biocompatible, are found to confer high water-solubility on the perylenediimide in aqueous media while retaining its excellent fluorescent properties. Furthermore, intramolecular cross-linking of the polyglycerol dendrons using the ring-closing metathesis reaction not only enhances the photostability but also reduces the size of perylenediimide-cored dendrimers. The permeability of the various dendritic shells is probed using heavy metal ion quenchers and compared to non-dendritic but water-soluble perylenediimide 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Kyung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
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13
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Verma A, Murray GM. A path to soluble molecularly imprinted polymers. J Funct Biomater 2011; 3:1-22. [PMID: 24956512 PMCID: PMC4031012 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a technique for making a selective binding site for a specific chemical. The technique involves building a polymeric scaffold of molecular complements containing the target molecule. Subsequent removal of the target leaves a cavity with a structural “memory” of the target. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be employed as selective adsorbents of specific molecules or molecular functional groups. In addition, sensors for specific molecules can be made using optical transduction through lumiphores residing in the imprinted site. We have found that the use of metal ions as chromophores can improve selectivity due to selective complex formation. The combination of molecular imprinting and spectroscopic selectivity can result in sensors that are highly sensitive and nearly immune to interferences. A weakness of conventional MIPs with regard to processing is the insolubility of crosslinked polymers. Traditional MIPs are prepared either as monoliths and ground into powders or are prepared in situ on a support. This limits the applicability of MIPs by imposing tedious or difficult processes for their inclusion in devices. The size of the particles hinders diffusion and slows response. These weaknesses could be avoided if a means were found to prepare individual macromolecules with crosslinked binding sites with soluble linear polymeric arms. This process has been made possible by controlled free radical polymerization techniques that can form pseudo-living polymers. Modern techniques of controlled free radical polymerization allow the preparation of block copolymers with potentially crosslinkable substituents in specific locations. The inclusion of crosslinkable mers proximate to the binding complex in the core of a star polymer allows the formation of molecularly imprinted macromolecules that are soluble and processable. Due to the much shorter distance for diffusion, the polymers exhibit rapid responses. This paper reviews the methods that have been employed for the trace determination of organophosphates in real world samples using MIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Verma
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, 411 B.H. Goethert Parkway, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA.
| | - George M Murray
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, 411 B.H. Goethert Parkway, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA.
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Astruc D, Diallo AK, Gatard S, Liang L, Ornelas C, Martinez V, Méry D, Ruiz J. Olefin metathesis in nano-sized systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:94-103. [PMID: 21286399 PMCID: PMC3028528 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between olefin metathesis and dendrimers and other nano systems is addressed in this mini review mostly based on the authors’ own contributions over the last decade. Two subjects are presented and discussed: (i) The catalysis of olefin metathesis by dendritic nano-catalysts via either covalent attachment (ROMP) or, more usefully, dendrimer encapsulation – ring closing metathesis (RCM), cross metathesis (CM), enyne metathesis reactions (EYM) – for reactions in water without a co-solvent and (ii) construction and functionalization of dendrimers by CM reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Astruc
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Dasgupta S, Wu J. Template-directed synthesis of kinetically and thermodynamically stable molecular necklace using ring closing metathesis. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3504-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Park JY, Ponnapati R, Taranekar P, Advincula RC. Carbazole peripheral poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers at the air-water interface: electrochemical cross-linking and electronanopatterning. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6167-6176. [PMID: 19799458 DOI: 10.1021/la902404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A Langmuir film of a third-generation carbazole-terminated poly(benzyl ether) (G3-CtPBE) dendrimer was investigated at the air-water interface. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were deposited on gold substrates and investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), followed by electrochemical and electronanopatterning studies. For the G3-CtPBE dendrimer aggregates, variable concentration and surface pressure gave control over aggregate size and shape at the air-water interface. At a lower concentration C1, aggregate-spherical nanoparticles were observed with a face-on or overlapped orientation with increasing surface pressure. However, at a higher concentration C2, their surface morphologies exhibited circular and rod-shaped aggregates with respect to increasing surface pressure attributed to an edge-on configurational change. Moreover, in situ simultaneous interfacial potentiostatic electrodeposition with LB transfer at the air-water interface was employed for the first time with the G3-CtPBE dendrimers onto a hydrophilic surface under constant voltage (i.e., close to the oxidation potential of G3-CtPBE for electrochemical cross-linking). Electrochemical cross-linking on G3-CtPBE dendrimer LB films was also performed ex situ to investigate electrochemical and optical properties. Finally, as an application of a cross-linkable LB film, electronanolithography was carried out to prepare nanopatterns using the current sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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Burakowska E, Quinn JR, Zimmerman SC, Haag R. Cross-linked hyperbranched polyglycerols as hosts for selective binding of guest molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10574-80. [PMID: 19722631 DOI: 10.1021/ja902597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ring-closing metathesis reaction of dendrimers containing allyl ether end groups is known to rigidify them significantly. Herein we report that polyallylated hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) 1 complexes the sodium salt of rose Bengal in chloroform solution but releases it readily to water. In contrast, extensively cross-linking 1 with Grubbs catalyst provides 2 which similarly complexes rose Bengal, but does not release it despite 12 h of shaking with water. Both 1 and 2 also complex thymol blue and exhibit the same differential complex stability when extracted with water. Neither 1 nor 2 complex Congo red sodium salt and more weakly solubilize the cesium salt of rose Bengal and thymol blue. Larger loop size cross-linked analogs HPG 5 and 6 also bind rose Bengal (RB) and thymol blue and are able to bind Congo red, but both release the dye more readily when extracted with water. In addition, a bathochromic shift is observed in the UV spectra for complex 6.RB, suggesting a changed microenvironment for the dye due to a tighter binding of the counteranion. Dihydroxylation of the alkene groups in 1, 2, 5, and 6 produced HPGs 3, 4, 7, and 8, respectively. HPGs 3 and 4 are both water-soluble, but 7 and 8 were not and could not be studied further. In water, HPG 4 solubilized less than one nonpolar guest (Nimodipine, pyrene, or Nile red) per polymer at least in part because it forms very large aggregates. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) indicate aggregates with diameters of ca. 100 nm in pure water. The aggregates dissociated in high salt concentrations suggesting applications in stimuli responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Burakowska
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universitat Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Juárez-Pérez EJ, Viñas C, Teixidor F, Santillan R, Farfán N, Abreu A, Yépez R, Núñez R. Polyanionic Aryl Ether Metallodendrimers Based on Cobaltabisdicarbollide Derivatives. Photoluminescent Properties. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9019575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, CP 07000, México D.F., México
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Arturo Abreu
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún, Km 20, ExHacienda de Santa Barbara, Zempoala, Hidalgo, México
| | - Rebeca Yépez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, CP 07000, México D.F., México
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Furumi S, Otomo A, Yokoyama S, Mashiko S. Photochemical and photophysical reactions of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers tethering cinnamamide groups. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Hashidzume A, Zimmerman SC. Switching the selectivity of a polyglycerol dendrimer monomolecularly imprinted with D-(-)-fructose. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:2204-2207. [PMID: 20161252 PMCID: PMC2711031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A polyglycerol dendrimer unimolecularly imprinted with D-(-)-fructose (Fru) was synthesized. The dendrimer formed adducts with several monosaccharides, Fru, D-(+)-galactose, D-(+)-glucose, D-(+)-mannose, and methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (MMan), by removal of four water molecules. The dendrimer preferred Fru in the absence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylmethylenediamine (TMDAM), whereas it preferred MMan in the presence of TMDAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Hashidzume
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Tzur E, Ben-Asuly A, Diesendruck CE, Goldberg I, Lemcoff NG. Homodinuclear ruthenium catalysts for dimer ring-closing metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6422-5. [PMID: 18618568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Tzur
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Tzur E, Ben-Asuly A, Diesendruck C, Goldberg I, Lemcoff N. Homodinuclear Ruthenium Catalysts for Dimer Ring-Closing Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Shon YS, Choi D, Dare J, Dinh T. Synthesis of nanoparticle-cored dendrimers by convergent dendritic functionalization of monolayer-protected nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6924-31. [PMID: 18507425 DOI: 10.1021/la800759n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a synthesis method for nanoparticle-cored dendrimers (NCDs), which have dendritic architectures around a monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle. The synthesis method is based on a strategy in which the synthesis of monolayer-protected nanoparticles is followed by adding dendrons on functionalized nanoparticles by a single coupling reaction. NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) characterizations confirmed the successful coupling reaction between dendrons with different generations ([G1], [G2], and [G3]) and COOH-functionalized nanoparticles ( approximately Au201L71). The dendrimer wedge density also could be controlled by reacting nanoparticles having different loading of COOH groups ( approximately 60 and approximately 10% COOH of the 71 ligands per gold nanoparticle) with functionalized dendrons. Transmission electron microscope results showed that this synthesis strategy maintains the average size of the nanoparticle core during dendron coupling reactions. This control over the composition and core size makes the systematic study of NCDs with different generations possible. The chemical stability of NCDs was found to be affected by dendron generation around the nanoparticle core. The current-potential response of NCD films on microelectrode arrays exhibited better electrical conductivity for NCDs with lower dendron generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
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24
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Ornelas C, Méry D, Cloutet E, Aranzaes JR, Astruc D. Cross Olefin Metathesis for the Selective Functionalization, Ferrocenylation, and Solubilization in Water of Olefin-Terminated Dendrimers, Polymers, and Gold Nanoparticles and for a Divergent Dendrimer Construction. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:1495-506. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077392v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ornelas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and LCPO, UMR CNRS N° 5629, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Denise Méry
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and LCPO, UMR CNRS N° 5629, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and LCPO, UMR CNRS N° 5629, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Jaime Ruiz Aranzaes
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and LCPO, UMR CNRS N° 5629, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Didier Astruc
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and LCPO, UMR CNRS N° 5629, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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25
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Zimmerman SC, Quinn JR, Burakowska E, Haag R. Cross-Linked Glycerol Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers as Ionophoric, Organic Nanoparticles Soluble in Water and Organic Solvents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8164-7. [PMID: 17886820 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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26
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Zimmerman S, Quinn J, Burakowska E, Haag R. Cross-Linked Glycerol Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers as Ionophoric, Organic Nanoparticles Soluble in Water and Organic Solvents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Molokanova O, Bogdan A, Vysotsky MO, Bolte M, Ikai T, Okamoto Y, Böhmer V. Calix[4]arene-Based Bis[2]catenanes: Synthesis and Chiral Resolution. Chemistry 2007; 13:6157-70. [PMID: 17465427 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The exclusive formation of hydrogen-bonded dimers between tetraaryl and tetratosylurea calix[4]arenes has been used to prepare a series of ten "bisloop" tetraurea calix[4]arenes 3, in which adjacent phenylurea groups are covalently linked through alpha,omega-dioxyalkane chains. This dimerization with tetratosylurea 2 as template preorganizes the alkenyl residues of tetra(m-alkenyloxyphenyl) ureas 1 and enables their selective connection in high yield (up to 95 %) by olefin metathesis followed by hydrogenation. The "bisloop" calixarenes 3 also exclusively form heterodimers with 1. Thus, in a separated metathesis/hydrogenation sequence, a series of 14 cyclic bis[2]catenanes 4, in which two calix[4]arenes are connected through their wide rims by two pairs of interlocked rings (total size 29 to 41 atoms), were prepared in yields of up to 97 %. Optical resolution of these chiral bis[2]catenanes was studied by HPLC on chiral stationary phases. The single-crystal X-ray structure of one example (4(P,10)) confirmed the interlocking rings and revealed that the hydrogen-bonded dimeric capsule of the calix[4]arene can be "completely" opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Molokanova
- Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Lehramt Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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28
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Balasubramanian R, Kwon YG, Wei A. Encapsulation and Functionalization of Nanoparticles in Crosslinked Resorcinarene Shells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 17:105-112. [PMID: 19343109 DOI: 10.1039/b614295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two resorcinarene-derived tetrathiols with terminal alkene sidechains (tetraarylthiol cavitand 3 and tetrabenzylthiol cavitand 4) were determined to be efficient at extracting colloidal gold nanoparticles from aqueous solutions and stabilizing their dispersion in organic solvents. Treatment of these nanoparticle dispersions with the Grubbs olefin metathesis catalyst resulted in crosslinked resorcinarene shells that were highly resistant to alkanethiol-induced desorption at high temperatures. Nanoparticles in crosslinked shells of tetrabenzylthiol cavitand 4 were particularly robust, and could be precipitated and redispersed many times with minimal attrition. These shells could also withstand oxidative conditions and were amenable to synthetic modifications involving epoxidation and dihydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramjee Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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29
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Thondorf I, Rudzevich Y, Rudzevich V, Böhmer V. Reasons for the exclusive formation of heterodimeric capsules between tetra-tolyl and tetra-tosylurea calix[4]arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2775-82. [PMID: 17700845 DOI: 10.1039/b708679b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective heterodimerization of tetra-tolyl () and tetra-tosylurea () calixarenes, serendipitously found by Rebek et al. (R. K. Castellano, B. H. Kim and J. Rebek, Jr., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 12671-12672), has been used for the construction of highly sophisticated macrocycles and well-defined supramolecular assemblies. Regrettably, hitherto, neither the exact structure of these heterodimers nor the reason for their exclusive formation is known. We present molecular dynamics simulations using the AMBER force field in explicit chloroform solvent for the two homodimers, the heterodimer and the two uncomplexed tetra-urea calixarenes. The rigid rotation about the C-S-N-C bond of the tosylurea group has been calculated for a model compound (N-mesylformamide) at the RHF/6-31G* level of theory. The calculations suggest that the heterodimer . is energetically favored over the homodimers by a sterically relaxed conformation of the tosylurea hemisphere in ., by a moderate degree of reorganization of the hemispheres from the uncomplexed to the complexed state and by favorable interactions between the hemispheres. The tosylurea S=O groups are involved in the hydrogen bonding system which results in different sizes of the three capsules in increasing order . < . < .. To prove the computational predictions, 1H NMR experiments have been carried out with solvents/guests differing in shape and size. The largest capsule . prefers the larger guests toluene and p-xylene while the latter is not encapsulated in the smallest capsule ..
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Thondorf
- Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften I Biowissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, D-06099, Halle, Germany.
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30
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Lohse B, Vestberg R, Ivanov MT, Hvilsted S, Berg RH, Ramanujam PS, Hawker CJ. UV-photodimerization in uracil-substituted dendrimers for high density data storage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2004. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Ishi-i T, Kuwahara R, Takata A, Jeong Y, Sakurai K, Mataka S. An Enantiomeric Nanoscale Architecture Obtained from a Pseudoenantiomeric Aggregate: Covalent Fixation of Helical Chirality Formed in Self-Assembled Discotic Triazine Triamides by Chiral Amplification. Chemistry 2006; 12:763-76. [PMID: 16224767 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Covalent fixation of a chiral helical structure which is created in a self-assembling system by a chiral-amplification method based on the sergeants/soldiers principle is reported. Disk-shaped triazine triamides self-assembled to form columnar-type helical aggregates through pi-stacking interactions among the central triphenyltriazine moieties, hydrogen-bonding interactions among the amide groups, and van der Waals interactions among the alkyl groups in nonpolar solvents such as hexane, octane, toluene, and p-xylene. When the achiral triazine triamide soldier component is mixed with a tiny amount of the chiral triazine triamide sergeant component, control of the intrinsic supramolecular helicity of the self-assembled soldier component by the sergeant component leads to chiral amplification and formation of a pseudoenantiomeric aggregate with only one handedness of the helix. The helicity can be preserved by ring-closing olefin metathesis polymerization mediated by Grubbs catalyst when an achiral component with terminal olefinic groups forms the pseudoenantiomeric aggregate in the presence of a tiny amount of the chiral component without olefinic groups. After polymerization and removal of the chiral component, the polymeric architecture obtained from the achiral soldier component is optically active and thus can be regarded as an enantiomeric object in which the chiral information transferred from the chiral sergeant component is preserved. The nanoscale chiral structure is fixed perfectly, as indicated by CD spectroscopic evidence obtained in a polar THF medium at high temperature and low concentration. AFM and TEM observations show a nanoscale fibrous structure with a diameter of 2-4 nm, which corresponds to the molecular size of the triazine triamide monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ishi-i
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
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33
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Bogdan A, Rudzevich Y, Vysotsky MO, Böhmer V. Topologically novel multiple rotaxanes and catenanes based on tetraurea calix[4]arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2941-52. [PMID: 16832500 DOI: 10.1039/b601699e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]arenes bearing at their wide rim four urea residues easily form hydrogen bonded dimeric capsules. This has been used to preorganise alkenyl functions attached to these urea groups for their controlled connection via metathesis reaction. Multimacrocyclic tetraurea derivatives are thus obtained in excellent yields via heterodimers which are formed exclusively with tetratosylurea derivatives. Heterodimerisation of such bis- and tetraloop tetraureas leads analogously to multicatenanes, or to rotaxanes by stoppering. Huge macrocycles are detached from tetraloop derivatives by cleavage of the urea function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Bogdan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Lehramt Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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35
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Ornelas C, Méry D, Blais JC, Cloutet E, Ruiz Aranzaes J, Astruc D. Efficient Mono- and Bifunctionalization of Polyolefin Dendrimers by Olefin Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7399-404. [PMID: 16247824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ornelas
- Nanosciences and Catalysis Group, LCOO, UMR CNRS No. 5802, University Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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36
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Ornelas C, Méry D, Blais JC, Cloutet E, Ruiz Aranzaes J, Astruc D. Efficient Mono- and Bifunctionalization of Polyolefin Dendrimers by Olefin Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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