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Liu Z, Qin X, Chen Q, Jiang T, Chen Q, Liu X. Metal-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Superlattice: Self-Assembly and Optical Fingerprints. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209279. [PMID: 36738101 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanocrystals into superlattices is a fascinating process that not only changes geometric morphology, but also creates unique properties that considerably enrich the material toolbox for new applications. Numerous studies have driven the blossoming of superlattices from various aspects. These include precise control of size and morphology, enhancement of properties, exploitation of functions, and integration of the material into miniature devices. The effective synthesis of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals has advanced research on self-assembly of building blocks into micrometer-sized superlattices. More importantly, these materials exhibit abundant optical features, including highly coherent superfluorescence, amplified spontaneous laser emission, and adjustable spectral redshift, facilitating basic research and state-of-the-art applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of metal-halide perovskite superlattices. It begins with basic packing models and introduces various stacking configurations of superlattices. The potential of multiple capping ligands is also discussed and their crucial role in superlattice growth is highlighted, followed by detailed reviews of synthesis and characterization methods. How these optical features can be distinguished and present contemporary applications is then considered. This review concludes with a list of unanswered questions and an outlook on their potential use in quantum computing and quantum communications to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Liu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qihao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianci Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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2
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Li D, Chen Q, Chun J, Fichthorn K, De Yoreo J, Zheng H. Nanoparticle Assembly and Oriented Attachment: Correlating Controlling Factors to the Resulting Structures. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3127-3159. [PMID: 36802554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle assembly and attachment are common pathways of crystal growth by which particles organize into larger scale materials with hierarchical structure and long-range order. In particular, oriented attachment (OA), which is a special type of particle assembly, has attracted great attention in recent years because of the wide range of material structures that result from this process, such as one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, two-dimensional (2D) sheets, three-dimensional (3D) branched structures, twinned crystals, defects, etc. Utilizing in situ transmission electron microscopy techniques, researchers observed orientation-specific forces that act over short distances (∼1 nm) from the particle surfaces and drive the OA process. Integrating recently developed 3D fast force mapping via atomic force microscopy with theories and simulations, researchers have resolved the near-surface solution structure, the molecular details of charge states at particle/fluid interfaces, inhomogeneity of surface charges, and dielectric/magnetic properties of particles that influence short- and long-range forces, such as electrostatic, van der Waals, hydration, and dipole-dipole forces. In this review, we discuss the fundamental principles for understanding particle assembly and attachment processes, and the controlling factors and resulting structures. We review recent progress in the field via examples of both experiments and modeling, and discuss current developments and the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jaehun Chun
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, CUNY City College of New York; New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kristen Fichthorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - James De Yoreo
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98195, United States
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Shulenberger KE, Jilek MR, Sherman SJ, Hohman BT, Dukovic G. Electronic Structure and Excited State Dynamics of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanorods. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3852-3903. [PMID: 36881852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The cylindrical quasi-one-dimensional shape of colloidal semiconductor nanorods (NRs) gives them unique electronic structure and optical properties. In addition to the band gap tunability common to nanocrystals, NRs have polarized light absorption and emission and high molar absorptivities. NR-shaped heterostructures feature control of electron and hole locations as well as light emission energy and efficiency. We comprehensively review the electronic structure and optical properties of Cd-chalcogenide NRs and NR heterostructures (e.g., CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods, CdSe/ZnS rod-in-rods), which have been widely investigated over the last two decades due in part to promising optoelectronic applications. We start by describing methods for synthesizing these colloidal NRs. We then detail the electronic structure of single-component and heterostructure NRs and follow with a discussion of light absorption and emission in these materials. Next, we describe the excited state dynamics of these NRs, including carrier cooling, carrier and exciton migration, radiative and nonradiative recombination, multiexciton generation and dynamics, and processes that involve trapped carriers. Finally, we describe charge transfer from photoexcited NRs and connect the dynamics of these processes with light-driven chemistry. We end with an outlook that highlights some of the outstanding questions about the excited state properties of Cd-chalcogenide NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison R Jilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Skylar J Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin T Hohman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Giri A, Park G, Jeong U. Layer-Structured Anisotropic Metal Chalcogenides: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modulation, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3329-3442. [PMID: 36719999 PMCID: PMC10103142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unique electronic and catalytic properties emerging from low symmetry anisotropic (1D and 2D) metal chalcogenides (MCs) have generated tremendous interest for use in next generation electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical energy storage devices, and chemical sensing devices. Despite many proof-of-concept demonstrations so far, the full potential of anisotropic chalcogenides has yet to be investigated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in the synthesis, mechanistic understanding, property modulation strategies, and applications of the anisotropic chalcogenides. It begins with an introduction to the basic crystal structures, and then the unique physical and chemical properties of 1D and 2D MCs. Controlled synthetic routes for anisotropic MC crystals are summarized with example advances in the solution-phase synthesis, vapor-phase synthesis, and exfoliation. Several important approaches to modulate dimensions, phases, compositions, defects, and heterostructures of anisotropic MCs are discussed. Recent significant advances in applications are highlighted for electronics, optoelectronic devices, catalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, sensing platforms, and thermoelectric devices. The article ends with prospects for future opportunities and challenges to be addressed in the academic research and practical engineering of anisotropic MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP-211002, India
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea.,Functional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwahakdanji-ro 137-41, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea
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Weiss R, VanOrman ZA, Sullivan CM, Nienhaus L. A Sensitizer of Purpose: Generating Triplet Excitons with Semiconductor Nanocrystals. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:641-654. [PMID: 36855545 PMCID: PMC9928406 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The process of photon upconversion promises importance for many optoelectronic applications, as it can result in higher efficiencies and more effective photon management. Upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) occurs at low incident powers and at high efficiencies, requirements for integration into existing optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor nanocrystals are a diverse class of triplet sensitizers with advantages over traditional molecular sensitizers such as energetic tunability and minimal energy loss during the triplet sensitization process. In this Perspective, we review current progress in semiconductor nanocrystal triplet sensitization, specifically focusing on the nanocrystal, the ligand shell which surrounds the nanocrystal, and progress in solid-state sensitization. Finally, we discuss potential areas of improvement which could result in more efficient upconversion systems sensitized by semiconductor nanocrystals. Specifically, we focus on the development of solid-state TTA upconversion systems, elucidation of the energy transfer mechanisms from nanocrystal to transmitter ligand which underpin the upconversion process and propose novel configurations of nanocrystal-sensitized systems.
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Ratnaweera RJ, Rodríguez Ortiz FA, Gripp NJ, Sheldon MT. Quantifying Order during Field-Driven Alignment of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanorods. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3834-3842. [PMID: 35188744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aligning large populations of colloidal nanorods (NRs) into ordered assemblies provides a strategy for engineering macroscopic functional materials with strong optical anisotropy. The bulk optical properties of such systems depend not only on the individual NR building blocks but also on their meso- and macroscale ordering, in addition to more complex interparticle coupling effects. Here, we investigate the dynamic alignment of colloidal CdSe/CdS NRs in the presence of AC electric fields by measuring concurrent changes in optical transmission. Our work identifies two distinct scales of interaction that give rise to the field-driven optical response: (1) the spontaneous mesoscale self-assembly of colloidal NRs into structures with increased optical anisotropy and (2) the macroscopic ordering of NR assemblies along the direction of the applied AC field. By modeling the alignment of NR ensembles using directional statistics, we experimentally quantify the maximum degree of order in terms of the average deviation angle relative to the field axis. Results show a consistent improvement in alignment as a function of NR concentration─with a minimum average deviation of 36.2°─indicating that mesoscale assembly helps facilitate field-driven alignment of colloidal NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivi J Ratnaweera
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | | | - Nicholas J Gripp
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Matthew T Sheldon
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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7
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Abstract
Colloidal self-assembly refers to a solution-processed assembly of nanometer-/micrometer-sized, well-dispersed particles into secondary structures, whose collective properties are controlled by not only nanoparticle property but also the superstructure symmetry, orientation, phase, and dimension. This combination of characteristics makes colloidal superstructures highly susceptible to remote stimuli or local environmental changes, representing a prominent platform for developing stimuli-responsive materials and smart devices. Chemists are achieving even more delicate control over their active responses to various practical stimuli, setting the stage ready for fully exploiting the potential of this unique set of materials. This review addresses the assembly of colloids into stimuli-responsive or smart nanostructured materials. We first delineate the colloidal self-assembly driven by forces of different length scales. A set of concepts and equations are outlined for controlling the colloidal crystal growth, appreciating the importance of particle connectivity in creating responsive superstructures. We then present working mechanisms and practical strategies for engineering smart colloidal assemblies. The concepts underpinning separation and connectivity control are systematically introduced, allowing active tuning and precise prediction of the colloidal crystal properties in response to external stimuli. Various exciting applications of these unique materials are summarized with a specific focus on the structure-property correlation in smart materials and functional devices. We conclude this review with a summary of existing challenges in colloidal self-assembly of smart materials and provide a perspective on their further advances to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Qingsong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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8
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Wang Z, Kim J, Magermans L, Corbella F, Florea I, Larquet E, Kim J, Gacoin T. Monazite LaPO 4:Eu 3+ nanorods as strongly polarized nano-emitters. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16968-16976. [PMID: 34609394 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04639j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Orientation analyses of macromolecules or artificial particles are vital for both fundamental research and practical bio-applications. An accurate approach is monitoring the polarization spectroscopy of lanthanide-doped nanocrystalline materials. However, nanomaterials are often far from ideal for the colloidal and polarization luminescence properties. In the present study, we synthesize well-dispersed LaPO4:Eu3+ nanomaterials in an anisotropic rod shape. Microwave heating with excess addition of phosphate precursor invokes a rapid phase transition of rhabdophane into monazite. The colloidal stability of the nanorod suspension is outstanding, demonstrated by showing liquid crystalline behaviors. The monazite nanorods are also superior in luminescence efficiency with limited defects. The emission spectrum of Eu3+ consists of well-defined lines with prominent polarization dependencies for both the forced electric dipole transitions and the magnetic dipole transitions. All the results demonstrate that the synthesized monazite nanorods can serve as an accurate probe in orientation analyses and potential applications, such as in microfluidics and biological detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Jeongmo Kim
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Lilian Magermans
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Francesca Corbella
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Ileana Florea
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Eric Larquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Jongwook Kim
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
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9
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Lang EN, Porter AG, Ouyang T, Shi A, Hayes TR, Davis TC, Claridge SA. Oleylamine Impurities Regulate Temperature-Dependent Hierarchical Assembly of Ultranarrow Gold Nanowires on Biotemplated Interfaces. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10275-10285. [PMID: 33998802 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals are often synthesized using technical grade reagents such as oleylamine (OLAm), which contains a blend of 9-cis-octadeceneamine with trans-unsaturated and saturated amines. Here, we show that gold nanowires (AuNWs) synthesized with OLAm ligands undergo thermal transitions in interfacial assembly (ribbon vs. nematic); transition temperatures vary widely with the batch of OLAm used for synthesis. Mass spectra reveal that higher-temperature AuNW assembly transitions are correlated with an increased abundance of trans and saturated chains in certain blends. DSC thermograms show that both pure (synthesized) and technical-grade OLAm have primary melting transitions near -5 °C (20-30 °C lower than the literature melting temperature range of OLAm). A second, broader melting transition (in the previous reported melting range) appears in technical grade blends; its temperature varies with the abundance of trans and saturated chains. Our findings illustrate that, similar to biological membranes, blends of alkyl chains can be used to generate mesoscopic hierarchical nanocrystal assembly, particularly at interfaces that further modulate transition temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashlin G Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tianhong Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anni Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tyler R Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tyson C Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shelley A Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Hagiwara Y, Oaki Y, Imai H. Wide-area multilayered self-assembly of fluorapatite nanorods vertically oriented on a substrate as a non-classical crystal growth. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9698-9705. [PMID: 34018530 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oriented attachment of homogeneously shaped nanoblocks, such as nanocubes and nanorods, is attracting attention as a fundamental process of non-classical crystal growth to produce specific ordered architectures of functional materials. Although lateral alignments of horizontally oriented nanorod are commonly observed at the air-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces in dispersion systems, the accumulation of vertically oriented nanorods on a substrate has rarely been produced in a wide area over a millimeter-sized flat surface. Here, we achieved homogeneous stacking of vertical fluorapatite nanorods with a large aspect ratio (∼6) in a toluene-hexane mixture system through a gradual decrease in the dispersibility. Micrometer-thick flat films in which the c direction of fluorapatite nanorods was arranged perpendicularly to the surface were deposited on a substrate with a diameter of over 20 mm. The wide-area accumulation of vertical nanorods occurs through the self-assembly of laterally arranged clusters of nanorods covered with a stabilizing agent and subsequent gentle sedimentation on the substrate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hagiwara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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11
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Deng K, Luo Z, Tan L, Quan Z. Self-assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into functional superstructures. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6002-6038. [PMID: 32692337 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into superstructures offers a flexible and promising pathway to manipulate the nanometer-sized particles and thus make full use of their unique properties. This bottom-up strategy builds a bridge between the NP regime and a new class of transformative materials across multiple length scales for technological applications. In this field, anisotropic NPs with size- and shape-dependent physical properties as self-assembly building blocks have long fascinated scientists. Self-assembly of anisotropic NPs not only opens up exciting opportunities to engineer a variety of intriguing and complex superlattice architectures, but also provides access to discover emergent collective properties that stem from their ordered arrangement. Thus, this has stimulated enormous research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. This present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in this area, and highlights their rich packing behaviors from the viewpoint of NP shape. We provide the basics of the experimental techniques to produce NP superstructures and structural characterization tools, and detail the delicate assembled structures. Then the current understanding of the assembly dynamics is discussed with the assistance of in situ studies, followed by emergent collective properties from these NP assemblies. Finally, we end this article with the remaining challenges and outlook, hoping to encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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12
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Jung N, Weon BM, Doi M. Evaporation-induced alignment of nanorods in a thin film. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4767-4775. [PMID: 32401251 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the solvent evaporation of a thin film, Brownian rod-shaped particles self-assemble into microstructures and their orientation arrangements change while their volume fractions increase. We have studied the phenomena using a simple model which accounts for the anisotropic diffusion and the mean-field interaction of the particles. By numerically solving the Smoluchowski equation under moving boundary conditions, we obtain the spatiotemporal evolution of volume fractions and order parameters. It is shown that the evaporation dynamics alter the equilibrium orientational configuration of particles to meta-stable states. This alternation is possible by controlling either Péclet numbers or anisotropic diffusion rates. This understanding of the dynamic self-assembly of rod-shaped particles can be useful in manipulating the collective rod-arrangement in printing and coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narina Jung
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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13
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Xie Y, Wang C, Yang Z, Wei H, Wei J. Dimensionality-controlled self-assembly of CdSe nanorods into discrete suprastructures within emulsion droplets. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of inorganic nanocrystals into ordered superlattices is of particular importance for their application in biomedicine and solid-state optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Huiying Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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14
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Ré E, Le Goff X, Toquer G, Maynadié J, Meyer D. Linker-assisted structuration of tunable uranium-based hybrid lamellar nanomaterials. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Linker-assisted formation of tunable uranium-based hybrid lamellar nano-sheets through a non-hydrolytic condensation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ré
- ICSM
- Univ Montpellier
- CEA
- CNRS
- ENSCM
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15
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Pathiraja G, Yarbrough R, Rathnayake H. Fabrication of ultrathin CuO nanowires augmenting oriented attachment crystal growth directed self-assembly of Cu(OH) 2 colloidal nanocrystals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2897-2906. [PMID: 36132408 PMCID: PMC9419473 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00308e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Augmenting the oriented attachment (OA) crystal growth phenomena, the fabrication of ultrathin CuO nanowires is demonstrated from self-assembled one-dimensional (1D) nanowires of Cu(OH)2 nanocrystals for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Pathiraja
- Department of Nanoscience
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Greensboro
- USA
| | - Ryan Yarbrough
- Department of Nanoscience
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Greensboro
- USA
| | - Hemali Rathnayake
- Department of Nanoscience
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Greensboro
- USA
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16
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Wu MC, Lin CH, Lin TH, Chan SH, Chang YH, Lin TF, Zhou Z, Wang K, Lai CS. Ultrasensitive Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by a Freestanding Aligned Ag/CdSe-CdS/PMMA Texture with Double-Side UV-Ozone Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34454-34462. [PMID: 31433155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals having a high vapor pressure at room temperature. Chronic exposure to VOC vapor can be potentially dangerous to human health. In this study, we build a high-performance freestanding aligned Ag/CdSe-CdS/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) texture to detect VOC vapors. The insight of this new VOC-sensing material is based on electrospinning techniques, ultraviolet (UV)/ozone treatments, and nano-optics. The incorporation of CdSe-CdS core-shell quantum rods (QR) and silver nanocrystals in the PMMA nanofibers amplifies the polarization response of long rods in VOC detection, thus increasing the sensitivity of VOC-sensing materials. Further, the uniaxial aligned Ag/QR/PMMA sensing material was treated by UV-ozone etching to increase surface absorption. The advanced double-sided UV-ozone etching on the uniaxial aligned Ag/QR/PMMA efficiently enhanced the extinction changes of VOCs. Two categories of solvents, typical VOCs and alcoholic VOCs, were put into practical tests for the Ag/QR/PMMA VOC-sensing materials. The Ag/QR/PMMA reached the detection limit for 100 ppm butanol within 1 min. The freestanding aligned Ag/CdSe-CdS/PMMA texture is a newly designed nanocomposite device for environmental risk monitoring. It can be accepted by the market compared to the other highly sensitive commercial VOC-sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tz-Feng Lin
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials , Feng Chia University , Taichung 40724 , Taiwan
| | - Ziming Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Materials Engineering , Ming Chi University of Technology , New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan
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17
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Yun H, Paik T. Colloidal Self-Assembly of Inorganic Nanocrystals into Superlattice Thin-Films and Multiscale Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091243. [PMID: 31480547 PMCID: PMC6780213 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) offers tremendous potential for the design of solution-processed multi-functional inorganic thin-films or nanostructures. To date, the self-assembly of various inorganic NCs, such as plasmonic metal, metal oxide, quantum dots, magnetics, and dielectrics, are reported to form single, binary, and even ternary superlattices with long-range orientational and positional order over a large area. In addition, the controlled coupling between NC building blocks in the highly ordered superlattices gives rise to novel collective properties, providing unique optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this review, we introduce the self-assembly of inorganic NCs and the experimental process to form single and multicomponent superlattices, and we also describe the fabrication of multiscale NC superlattices with anisotropic NC building blocks, thin-film patterning, and the supracrystal formation of superlattice structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongseok Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Taejong Paik
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea.
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18
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Ghosh SK, Böker A. Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles in 2D and 3D: Recent Advances and Future Trends. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer‐Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung Geiselbergstraβe 69 14476 Potsdam‐Golm Germany
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19
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20
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Kim D, Bae WK, Kim SH, Lee DC. Depletion-Mediated Interfacial Assembly of Semiconductor Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:963-970. [PMID: 30681871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electronic devices comprised of nanocrystal (NC) thin film are projected to demonstrate enhanced figure of merit if NC building blocks self-assemble into highly uniform, 2-dimensional (2-D) superstructures with long-range order. Despite intensive research efforts and remarkable progress, long-range assembly of colloidal anisotropic NCs into thin films with orientational and positional order has remained to be addressed. One of the most promising approaches is to dissolve excess free molecules into NC solution, which has enabled the formation of NC monolayers with exceptional quality at air/solution interface. Nevertheless, the assembly mechanism and the role of free molecules have not been comprehensively elucidated, restricting the use of the approach. Here, we find that the interfacial assembly of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods (NRs) results in various ordered structures in the presence of free oleic acid molecules. The structures include a bundle of standing NRs, a belt of multilayered lying NRs, and a monolayer smectic phase, obtained by simple change in density of surface ligands on the NRs. Experimental observation and theoretical calculation reveal that the assembly is initiated at the air/solution interface due to the preferential depletion attraction of NRs to the interface. However, subsequent growth is significantly altered depending on the ligand density that determines the relative magnitude of interface-NR depletion attraction to inter-NR attraction. Highly ordered structures of NRs, especially for the monolayer smectic phase, are promising as a polarized light-emitting layer for thin-film optical devices. In addition, our findings on the depletion-mediated NR assembly provide important and universal design criteria for 2-D structuring of NCs with diverse geometries and compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program), KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institue of Nano Technology , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program), KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Doh C Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program), KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
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21
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Marcovici A, Le Saux G, Bhingardive V, Rukenstein P, Flomin K, Shreteh K, Golan R, Mokari T, Schvartzman M. Directed Assembly of Au-Tipped 1D Inorganic Nanostructures via Nanolithographic Docking. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10016-10023. [PMID: 30252443 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlled assembly of nanostructures is a key challenge in nanotechnology. In this work, we introduce an approach for the controlled assembly of 1D nanodumbbells-Au-tipped semiconductor nanorods-into arbitrary 2D higher architectures, by their chemical docking to nanopatterned functionalities. We realized the docking functionalities via nanoimprinted metallic nanodots functionalized with an organic monolayer, whose terminal thiol groups chemically bind the nanodumbbell tips. We demonstrated that the functional nanopattern encodes the nanodumbbell assembly and can be designed to deterministically position nanodumbbells in two possible modes. In the single-docking mode, the nanodot arrays are designed with a spacing that exceeds the nanodumbbell length, restricting each nanodumbbell to dock with one edge and physically connect with its free edge to one of the neighboring nanodumbbells. Alternatively, in the double-docking mode, the nanodots are spaced to exactly fit the nanodumbbell length, allowing nanodumbbell docking with both edges. We found that the docking kinetics can be described by a random attachment model, and verified that for the used docking chemistry, nanodumbbells that are docked to the same dot do not interact with each other. Our work demonstrates the possibility for massively parallel positioning of sub-100 nm 1D semiconductor nanostructures, and can potentially enable their future integration into functional nanodevices and nanosystems.
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22
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Superstructures generated from truncated tetrahedral quantum dots. Nature 2018; 561:378-382. [PMID: 30232427 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of uniform nanocrystal building blocks into well ordered superstructures is a fundamental strategy for the generation of meso- and macroscale metamaterials with emergent nanoscopic functionalities1-10. The packing of spherical nanocrystals, which frequently adopt dense, face-centred-cubic or hexagonal-close-packed arrangements at thermodynamic equilibrium, has been much more widely studied than that of non-spherical, polyhedral nanocrystals, despite the fact that the latter have intriguing anisotropic properties resulting from the shapes of the building blocks11-13. Here we report the packing of truncated tetrahedral quantum dot nanocrystals into three distinct superstructures-one-dimensional chiral tetrahelices, two-dimensional quasicrystal-approximant superlattices and three-dimensional cluster-based body-centred-cubic single supercrystals-by controlling the assembly conditions. Using techniques in real and reciprocal spaces, we successfully characterized the superstructures from their nanocrystal translational orderings down to the atomic-orientation alignments of individual quantum dots. Our packing models showed that formation of the nanocrystal superstructures is dominated by the selective facet-to-facet contact induced by the anisotropic patchiness of the tetrahedra. This study provides information about the packing of non-spherical nanocrystals into complex superstructures, and may enhance the potential of self-assembled nanocrystal metamaterials in practical applications.
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23
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24
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Song HM, Zink JI. Hard Pd Nanorods in the Soft Surfactant Mixture of CTAB and Pluronics: Seedless Synthesis and Their Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4271-4281. [PMID: 29557660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seedless synthesis of Pd nanorods and their self-assembly into the layered smectic ordering are described. Aqueous Pluronic triblock copolymers (14.3-35.7%) are used as a soft template along with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for inducing one-dimensional growth of Pd nanorods. Pluronic triblock copolymers are probably the most used polymer surfactants, and they are composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)-PEO triblocks. Neither pH adjustment nor AgNO3 and other additives, such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethylene glycol, are required to obtain Pd nanorods. Sonochemical synthesis at 43 °C, followed by thermal annealing for 1 h at 65 °C produces Pd nanorods with the aspect ratio from 3.1 (17.9%, Pluronic L-64) to 6.7 (35.7%, Pluronic P-123). Two-dimensional self-assembly of the nanorods is observed, and both nematic ordering between the mesogens and smectic ordering between the layers is identified. Micellar hydrophobic PPO with hydrated PEO coronas are known to self-assemble into many crystalline orders, including cubic, hexagonal, lamellar, and inverse hexagonal mesophases, which extend into cylindrical micelles with increasing temperature. Relatively small size of Pluronic copolymers with regard to general polymers, but rather large size of their micelles and their tendency to organize into crystalline mesophases are thought to contribute to the anisotropic growth of Pd nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon-Min Song
- Department of Chemistry , Dong-A University , Busan 604-714 , South Korea
| | - Jeffrey I Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
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25
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Xu L, Liang HW, Yang Y, Yu SH. Stability and Reactivity: Positive and Negative Aspects for Nanoparticle Processing. Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Hefei Science Centre of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Hefei Science Centre of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Hefei Science Centre of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Hefei Science Centre of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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26
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Yan C, Wang T. A new view for nanoparticle assemblies: from crystalline to binary cooperative complementarity. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1483-1509. [PMID: 28059420 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies on nanoparticle assemblies and their applications have been research frontiers in nanoscience in the past few decades and remarkable progress has been made in the synthetic strategies and techniques. Recently, the design and fabrication of the nanoparticle-based nanomaterials or nanodevices with integrated and enhanced properties compared to those of the individual components have gradually become the mainstream. However, a systematic solution to provide a big picture for future development and guide the investigation of different aspects of the study of nanoparticle assemblies remains a challenge. The binary cooperative complementary principle could be an answer. The binary cooperative complementary principle is a universal discipline and can describe the fundamental properties of matter from the subatomic particles to the universe. According to its definition, a variety of nanoparticle assemblies, which represent the cutting-edge work in the nanoparticle studies, are naturally binary cooperative complementary materials. Therefore, the introduction of the binary cooperative complementary principle in the studies of nanoparticle assemblies could provide a unique perspective for reviewing this field and help in the design and fabrication of novel functional nanoparticle assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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27
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Xie Y, Li Y, Wei G, Liu Q, Mundoor H, Chen Z, Smalyukh II. Liquid crystal self-assembly of upconversion nanorods enriched by depletion forces for mesostructured material preparation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4218-4227. [PMID: 29445801 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06663e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse rod-like colloidal particles are known for spontaneously forming both nematic and smectic liquid crystal phases, but their self-assembly was typically exploited from the fundamental soft condensed matter physics perspective. Here we demonstrate that depletion interactions, driven by non-adsorbing polymers like dextran and surfactants, can be used to enrich the self-organization of photon-upconversion nanorods into orientationally ordered nematic and smectic-like membrane colloidal superstructures. We study thermodynamic phase diagrams and demonstrate polarization-dependent photon upconversion exhibited by the ensuing composites, which arises from the superposition of unique properties of the solid nanostructures and the long-range ordering enabled by liquid crystalline self-organization. Finally, we discuss how our method of utilizing self-assembly due to the steric and electrostatic interactions, along with attractive depletion forces, can enable technological uses of lyotropic colloidal liquid crystals and mesostructured composite materials enabled by them, even when they are formed by anisotropic nanoparticles with relatively small aspect ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Physics, Material Science and Engineering Program, Department of Electrical, Computer, & Energy Engineering, and Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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28
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Kormilina TK, Cherevkov SA, Fedorov AV, Baranov AV. Cadmium Chalcogenide Nano-Heteroplatelets: Creating Advanced Nanostructured Materials by Shell Growth, Substitution, and Attachment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1702300. [PMID: 28895307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current direction in the evolution of 2D semiconductor nanocrystals involves the combination of metal and semiconductor components to form new nanoengineered materials called nano-heteroplatelets. This Review covers different heterostructure architectures that can be applied to cadmium chalcogenide nanoplatelets, including variously shaped shell, metal nanoparticle decoration, and doped and alloy systems. Here, for the first time a complete classification of nano-heteroplatelet types is provided with recommended notations and a systematization of the existing knowledge and experience concerning heterostructure formation techniques, addressing the morphology, optoelectronic and magnetic properties, and novel features of different heterostructures. This Review is also devoted to possible applications of these heterostructures and of one-component nanoplatelets in multiple fields, including light-emitting devices and biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana K Kormilina
- Department of Optical Physics and Modern Natural Science, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Sergei A Cherevkov
- Department of Optical Physics and Modern Natural Science, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Fedorov
- Department of Optical Physics and Modern Natural Science, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander V Baranov
- Department of Optical Physics and Modern Natural Science, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
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29
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Saifullah MSM, Asbahi M, Binti-Kamran Kiyani M, Tripathy S, Ong EAH, Ibn Saifullah A, Tan HR, Dutta T, Ganesan R, Valiyaveettil S, Chong KSL. Direct Patterning of Zinc Sulfide on a Sub-10 Nanometer Scale via Electron Beam Lithography. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9920-9929. [PMID: 28938068 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures of metal sulfides are conventionally prepared via chemical techniques and patterned using self-assembly. This poses a considerable amount of challenge when arbitrary shapes and sizes of nanostructures are desired to be placed at precise locations. Here, we describe an alternative approach of nanoscale patterning of zinc sulfide (ZnS) directly using a spin-coatable and electron beam sensitive zinc butylxanthate resist without the lift-off or etching step. Time-resolved electron beam damage studies using micro-Raman and micro-FTIR spectroscopies suggest that exposure to a beam of electrons leads to quick disappearance of xanthate moieties most likely via the Chugaev elimination, and further increase of electron dose results in the appearance of ZnS, thereby making the exposed resist insoluble in organic solvents. Formation of ZnS nanocrystals was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. This property was exploited for the fabrication of ZnS lines as small as 6 nm and also enabled patterning of 10 nm dots with pitches as close as 22 nm. The ZnS patterns fabricated by this technique showed defect-induced photoluminescence related to sub-band-gap optical transitions. This method offers an easy way to generate an ensemble of functional ZnS nanostructures that can be arbitrarily patterned and placed in a precise way. Such an approach may enable programmable design of functional chalcogenide nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S M Saifullah
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Mohamed Asbahi
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Maryam Binti-Kamran Kiyani
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Sudhiranjan Tripathy
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Esther A H Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Asadullah Ibn Saifullah
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
- Hills Road Sixth Form College , Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 8PE, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Ru Tan
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Tanmay Dutta
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117576
| | - Ramakrishnan Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science , Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Karen S L Chong
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
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30
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Sonin AS, Churochkina NA, Kaznacheev AV, Golovanov AV. Mineral liquid crystals. COLLOID JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x17040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Qiao F, Wang X, Wang Q, He G, Xie Y. Functionalized self-assembly of colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) nanorods on solid substrates for device applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8066-8079. [PMID: 28585959 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to randomly oriented nanorods (NRs), self-assembly of the colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) NRs into well-organized large-scale structures results in unique collective properties. Moreover, the anisotropic structural features of self-assemblies preserved from colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) NRs have opened up exciting opportunities in the field of nanotechnology applications. We present the latest strategies for the self-assembly of colloidal NRs on solid substrates, and further focus on the self-assembled NRs for applications in devices. Advanced progress in the preparation of NR building blocks on the basis of nanofabrication techniques and comprehensive studies on the interactions of NRs with substrates will remarkably expand the application of colloidal semiconductor NRs. Understanding and mastering the driving forces behind the assembly of the NRs is the key goal of engineering future functional structures based on NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Qiao
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P R China.
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32
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Singh A, Singh A, Ong GK, Jones MR, Nordlund D, Bustillo K, Ciston J, Alivisatos AP, Milliron DJ. Dopant Mediated Assembly of Cu 2ZnSnS 4 Nanorods into Atomically Coupled 2D Sheets in Solution. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3421-3428. [PMID: 28485598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of anisotropic nanocrystals into ordered superstructures is an area of intense research interest due to its relevance to bring nanocrystal properties to macroscopic length scales and to impart additional collective properties owing to the superstructure. Numerous routes have been explored to assemble such nanocrystal superstructures ranging from self-directed to external field-directed methods. Most of the approaches require sensitive control of experimental parameters that are largely environmental and require extra processing steps, increasing complexity and limiting reproducibility. Here, we demonstrate a simple approach to assemble colloidal nanorods in situ, wherein dopant incorporation during the particle synthesis results in the formation of preassembled 2D sheets of close-packed ordered arrays of vertically oriented nanorods in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amita Singh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gary K Ong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309, United States
| | - Karen Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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33
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Liu P, Singh S, Guo Y, Wang JJ, Xu H, Silien C, Liu N, Ryan KM. Assembling Ordered Nanorod Superstructures and Their Application as Microcavity Lasers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43884. [PMID: 28272427 PMCID: PMC5341026 DOI: 10.1038/srep43884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the formation of multi-layered arrays of vertically aligned and close packed semiconductor nanorods in perfect registry at a substrate using electric field assisted assembly. The collective properties of these CdSexS1-x nanorod emitters are harnessed by demonstrating a relatively low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold and a high net optical gain at medium pump intensity. The importance of order in the system is highlighted where a lower ASE threshold is observed compared to disordered samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Liu
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yina Guo
- Bernal Institute University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The School of Physics and Technology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Christophe Silien
- Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Lhenry S, Boichard B, Leroux YR, Even-Hernandez P, Marchi V, Hapiot P. Photo-electrochemical properties of quantum rods studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4627-4635. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used for studying the intrinsic photo-electrochemical properties of CdSe/CdS quantum rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lhenry
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Benoît Boichard
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Yann R. Leroux
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Pascale Even-Hernandez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Valérie Marchi
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Philippe Hapiot
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
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35
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Jung CSL, Heine M, Freund B, Reimer R, Koziolek EJ, Kaul MG, Kording F, Schumacher U, Weller H, Nielsen P, Adam G, Heeren J, Ittrich H. Quantitative Activity Measurements of Brown Adipose Tissue at 7 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Application of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein 59Fe-Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle: Intravenous Versus Intraperitoneal Approach. Invest Radiol 2016; 51:194-202. [PMID: 26674208 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) injection of radioactively labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) embedded into a lipoprotein layer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fe-labeled SPIOs were either polymer-coated or embedded into the lipid core of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL-Fe-SPIOs). First biodistribution and blood half time analysis in thermoneutral mice after IP injection of either TRL-Fe-SPIOs or polymer-coated Fe-SPIOs (n = 3) were performed. In the next step, cold-exposed (24 hours), BAT-activated mice (n = 10), and control thermoneutral mice (n = 10) were starved for 4 hours before IP (n = 10) or IV (n = 10) injection of TRL-Fe-SPIOs. In vivo MRI was performed before and 24 hours after the application of the particles at a 7 T small animal MRI scanner using a T2*-weighted multiecho gradient echo sequence. R2* and ΔR2* were estimated in the liver, BAT, and muscle. The biodistribution of polymer-coated Fe-SPIOs and TRL-Fe-SPIOs was analyzed ex vivo using a sensitive, large-volume Hamburg whole-body radioactive counter. The amount of Fe-SPIOs in the liver, BAT, and muscle was correlated with the MRI measurements using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Tissue uptake of Fe-SPIOs was confirmed by histological and transmission electron microscopy analyses. RESULTS Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein Fe-SPIOs exhibited a higher blood concentration after IP injection (10.1% ± 0.91% after 24 hours) and a greater [INCREMENT]R2* in the liver (103 ± 5.0 s), while polymer-coated SPIOs did not increase substantially in the blood stream (0.19% ± 0.01% after 24 hours; P < 0.001) and the liver (57 ± 4.08 s; P < 0.001). In BAT activity studies, significantly higher uptake of TRL-Fe-SPIOs was detected in the BAT of cold-exposed mice, with [INCREMENT]R2* of 107 ± 5.5 s after IV application (control mice: [INCREMENT]R2* of 22 ± 5.8 s; P < 0.001) and 45 ± 5.5 s after IP application (control mice: [INCREMENT]R2* of 11 ± 2.9 s; P < 0.01). Fe radioactivity measurements and [INCREMENT]R2* values correlated strongly in BAT (r > 0.85; P < 0.001) and liver tissue (r > 0.85; P < 0.001). Histological and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the uptake of TRL-Fe-SPIOs within the liver and BAT for both application approaches. CONCLUSIONS Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-embedded SPIOs were able to escape the abdominal cavity barrier, whereas polymer-coated SPIOs did not increase substantially in the blood stream. Brown adipose tissue activity can be determined via MRI using TRL-Fe-SPIOs. The quantification of [INCREMENT]R2* using TRL-Fe-SPIOs is feasible and may serve as a noninvasive tool for the quantitative estimation of BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sophie Laura Jung
- From the Departments of *Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and †Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; ‡Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg; §Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virchow Campus Charite Berlin, Berlin; ∥Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; and ¶Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Boles MA, Engel M, Talapin DV. Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Intricate Structures to Functional Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11220-89. [PMID: 27552640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1049] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical methods developed over the past two decades enable preparation of colloidal nanocrystals with uniform size and shape. These Brownian objects readily order into superlattices. Recently, the range of accessible inorganic cores and tunable surface chemistries dramatically increased, expanding the set of nanocrystal arrangements experimentally attainable. In this review, we discuss efforts to create next-generation materials via bottom-up organization of nanocrystals with preprogrammed functionality and self-assembly instructions. This process is often driven by both interparticle interactions and the influence of the assembly environment. The introduction provides the reader with a practical overview of nanocrystal synthesis, self-assembly, and superlattice characterization. We then summarize the theory of nanocrystal interactions and examine fundamental principles governing nanocrystal self-assembly from hard and soft particle perspectives borrowed from the comparatively established fields of micrometer colloids and block copolymer assembly. We outline the extensive catalog of superlattices prepared to date using hydrocarbon-capped nanocrystals with spherical, polyhedral, rod, plate, and branched inorganic core shapes, as well as those obtained by mixing combinations thereof. We also provide an overview of structural defects in nanocrystal superlattices. We then explore the unique possibilities offered by leveraging nontraditional surface chemistries and assembly environments to control superlattice structure and produce nonbulk assemblies. We end with a discussion of the unique optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties of ordered nanocrystal superlattices, and the coming advances required to make use of this new class of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Boles
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91052 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Lab , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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37
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Xie S, Pelcovits RA, Hagan MF. Probing a self-assembled fd virus membrane with a microtubule. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:062608. [PMID: 27415321 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.062608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of highly anisotropic colloidal particles leads to a rich variety of morphologies whose properties are just beginning to be understood. This article uses computer simulations to probe a particle-scale perturbation of a commonly studied colloidal assembly, a monolayer membrane composed of rodlike fd viruses in the presence of a polymer depletant. Motivated by experiments currently in progress, we simulate the interaction between a microtubule and a monolayer membrane as the microtubule "pokes" and penetrates the membrane face-on. Both the viruses and the microtubule are modeled as hard spherocylinders of the same diameter, while the depletant is modeled using ghost spheres. We find that the force exerted on the microtubule by the membrane is zero either when the microtubule is completely outside the membrane or when it has fully penetrated the membrane. The microtubule is initially repelled by the membrane as it begins to penetrate but experiences an attractive force as it penetrates further. We assess the roles played by translational and rotational fluctuations of the viruses and the osmotic pressure of the polymer depletant. We find that rotational fluctuations play a more important role than the translational ones. The dependence on the osmotic pressure of the depletant of the width and height of the repulsive barrier and the depth of the attractive potential well is consistent with the assumed depletion-induced attractive interaction between the microtubule and viruses. We discuss the relevance of these studies to the experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xie
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Robert A Pelcovits
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Michael F Hagan
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
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Qin J, Wen Z, Li S, Hao J, Chen W, Dong D, Deng J, Wang D, Xu B, Wu D, Wang K, Sun X. 63-2:Distinguished Paper: Large-scale Luminance Enhancement Film with Quantum Rods Aligned in Polymeric Nanofibers for High Efficiency Wide Color Gamut LED Display. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sdtp.10815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Zuoliang Wen
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Junjie Hao
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Di Dong
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Jian Deng
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering; South University of Science and Technology of China; 518055 Shenzhen China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 639798 Singapore Singapore
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Swart I, Liljeroth P, Vanmaekelbergh D. Scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and assembled structures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11181-219. [PMID: 26900754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals become increasingly important in materials science and technology, due to their optoelectronic properties that are tunable by size. The measurement and understanding of their energy levels is key to scientific and technological progress. Here we review how the confined electronic orbitals and related energy levels of individual semiconductor quantum dots have been measured by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. These techniques were originally developed for flat conducting surfaces, but they have been adapted to investigate the atomic and electronic structure of semiconductor quantum dots. We compare the results obtained on colloidal quantum dots with those on comparable solid-state ones. We also compare the results obtained with scanning tunneling spectroscopy with those of optical spectroscopy. The first three sections provide an introduction to colloidal quantum dots, and a theoretical basis to be able to understand tunneling spectroscopy on dots attached to a conducting surface. In sections 4 and 5 , we review the work performed on lead-chalcogenide nanocrystals and on colloidal quantum dots and rods of II-VI compounds, respectively. In section 6 , we deal with colloidal III-V nanocrystals and compare the results with their self-assembled counter parts. In section 7 , we review the work on other types of semiconductor quantum dots, especially on Si and Ge nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Swart
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Chemistry Department, University of Utrecht , Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , PO Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Chemistry Department, University of Utrecht , Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Yang J, Choi MK, Kim DH, Hyeon T. Designed Assembly and Integration of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1176-207. [PMID: 26707709 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals have been intensively studied over the past three decades due to their unique properties that originate, in large part, from their nanometer-scale sizes. For applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices, colloidal nanoparticles are generally employed as assembled nanocrystal solids, rather than as individual particles. Consequently, tailoring 2D patterns as well as 3D architectures of assembled nanocrystals is critical for their various applications to micro- and nanoscale devices. Here, recent advances in the designed assembly, film fabrication, and printing/integration methods for colloidal nanocrystals are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of these methods are compared, and various device applications of assembled/integrated colloidal nanocrystal solids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Yang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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41
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Lippert LG, Hallock JT, Dadosh T, Diroll BT, Murray CB, Goldman YE. NeutrAvidin Functionalization of CdSe/CdS Quantum Nanorods and Quantification of Biotin Binding Sites using Biotin-4-Fluorescein Fluorescence Quenching. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:562-8. [PMID: 26722835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed methods to solubilize, coat, and functionalize with NeutrAvidin elongated semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum nanorods, QRs) for use in single molecule polarized fluorescence microscopy. Three different ligands were compared with regard to efficacy for attaching NeutrAvidin using the "zero-length cross-linker" 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC). Biotin-4-fluorescene (B4F), a fluorophore that is quenched when bound to avidin proteins, was used to quantify biotin binding activity of the NeutrAvidin coated QRs and biotin binding activity of commercially available streptavidin coated quantum dots (QDs). All three coating methods produced QRs with NeutrAvidin coating density comparable to the streptavidin coating density of the commercially available quantum dots (QDs) in the B4F assay. One type of QD available from the supplier (ITK QDs) exhibited ∼5-fold higher streptavidin surface density compared to our QRs, whereas the other type of QD (PEG QDs) had 5-fold lower density. The number of streptavidins per QD increased from ∼7 streptavidin tetramers for the smallest QDs emitting fluorescence at 525 nm (QD525) to ∼20 tetramers for larger, longer wavelength QDs (QD655, QD705, and QD800). QRs coated with NeutrAvidin using mercaptoundecanoicacid (MUA) and QDs coated with streptavidin bound to biotinylated cytoplasmic dynein in single molecule TIRF microscopy assays, whereas Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-ocatdecene) (PMAOD) or glutathione (GSH) QRs did not bind cytoplasmic dynein. The coating methods require optimization of conditions and concentrations to balance between substantial NeutrAvidin binding vs tendency of QRs to aggregate and degrade over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tali Dadosh
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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42
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Mohammadimasoudi M, Hens Z, Neyts K. Full alignment of dispersed colloidal nanorods by alternating electric fields. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02620f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The parallel alignment of an ensemble of colloidal nanorods may unleash their application as the optically anisotropic constituent in polarized fluorescent sheets or polarization-selective detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mohammadimasoudi
- Electronics and Information Systems Department
- Ghent University
- B-9052 Gent
- Belgium
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics
| | - Z. Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics
| | - K. Neyts
- Electronics and Information Systems Department
- Ghent University
- B-9052 Gent
- Belgium
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics
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43
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Abécassis B. Three-Dimensional Self Assembly of Semiconducting Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Fundamental Forces to Collective Optical Properties. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:618-31. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Abécassis
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides; CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay Cedex France
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Vutukuri HR, Badaire S, de Winter DAM, Imhof A, van Blaaderen A. Directed Self-Assembly of Micron-Sized Gold Nanoplatelets into Oriented Flexible Stacks with Tunable Interplate Distance. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5617-5623. [PMID: 26237212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A growing demand for control over the interparticle spacing and the orientation of anisotropic metallic particles into self-assembled structures is fuelled by their use in potential applications such as in plasmonics, catalysis, sensing, and optoelectronics. Here, we present an improved high yield synthesis method to fabricate micron- and submicron-sized gold nanoplatelets with a thickness less than 20 nm using silver nanoplatelets as seeds. By tuning the depth of the secondary minimum in the DLVO interaction potential between these particles, we are able to assemble the platelets into dynamic and flexible stacks containing thousands of platelets arranged face-to-face with well-defined spacing. Moreover, we demonstrate that the length of the stacks, and the interplate distance can be controlled between tens and hundreds of nm with the ionic strength. We use a high frequency external electric field to control the orientation of the stacks and direct the stacks into highly organized 2D and 3D assemblies that strongly polarize light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- §Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Badaire
- §Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D A Matthijs de Winter
- +Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Imhof
- §Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- §Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yue M, Li Y, Hou Y, Cao W, Zhu J, Han J, Lu Z, Yang M. Hydrogen Bonding Stabilized Self-Assembly of Inorganic Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Collective Properties. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5807-5817. [PMID: 25988510 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing a simple and efficient method to organize nanoscale building blocks into ordered superstructures, understanding the mechanism for self-assembly and revealing the essential collective properties are crucial steps toward the practical use of nanostructures in nanotechnology-based applications. In this study, we showed that the high-yield formation of ZnO nanoparticle chains with micrometer length can be readily achieved by the variation of solvents from methanol to water. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the solvent effect on the surface properties of ZnO nanoparticles, which were found to be critical for the formation of anisotropic assemblies. Quantum mechanical calculations and all atom molecular dynamic simulations indicated the contribution of hydrogen bonding for stabilizing the structure in water. Dissipative particle dynamics further revealed the importance of solvent-nanoparticle interactions for promoting one-dimensional self-assembly. The branching of chains was found upon aging, resulting in the size increase of the ensembles and network formation. Steady-state and time-resolved luminescent spectroscopes, which probed the variation of defect-related emission, revealed stronger Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between nanoparticles when the chain networks were formed. The high efficiency of FRET quenching can be ascribed to the presence of multiple energy transfer channels, as well as the short internanoparticle distances and the dipole alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Yue
- †Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Micronanostructures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Yanchun Li
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, PR China
| | - Ying Hou
- †Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Micronanostructures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Wenxin Cao
- §Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- §Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Jiecai Han
- §Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- †Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Micronanostructures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, PR China
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Paik T, Diroll BT, Kagan CR, Murray CB. Binary and Ternary Superlattices Self-Assembled from Colloidal Nanodisks and Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6662-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taejong Paik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Benjamin T. Diroll
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cherie R. Kagan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Thérien-Aubin H, Lukach A, Pitch N, Kumacheva E. Coassembly of Nanorods and Nanospheres in Suspensions and in Stratified Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thérien-Aubin H, Lukach A, Pitch N, Kumacheva E. Coassembly of Nanorods and Nanospheres in Suspensions and in Stratified Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5618-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Doane TL, Alam R, Maye MM. Functionalization of quantum rods with oligonucleotides for programmable assembly with DNA origami. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2883-2888. [PMID: 25611367 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The DNA-mediated self-assembly of CdSe/CdS quantum rods (QRs) onto DNA origami is described. Two QR types with unique optical emission and high polarization were synthesized, and then functionalized with oligonucleotides (ssDNA) using a novel protection-deprotection approach, which harnessed ssDNA's tailorable rigidity and denaturation temperature to increase DNA coverage by reducing non-specific coordination and wrapping. The QR assembly was programmable, and occurred at two different assembly zones that had capture strands in parallel alignment. QRs with different optical properties were assembled, opening up future studies on orientation dependent QR FRET. The QR-origami conjugates could be purified via gel electrophoresis and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Assembly yields, QR stoichiometry and orientation, as well as energy transfer implications were studied in light of QR distances, origami flexibility, and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tennyson L Doane
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse New York, 13244, USA.
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Hellebusch DJ, Manthiram K, Beberwyck BJ, Alivisatos AP. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Cadmium Selenide Nanorod Sublimation. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:605-11. [PMID: 26262474 DOI: 10.1021/jz502566m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In situ electron microscopy is used to observe the morphological evolution of cadmium selenide nanorods as they sublime under vacuum at a series of elevated temperatures. Mass loss occurs anisotropically along the nanorod's long axis. At temperatures close to the sublimation threshold, the phase change occurs from both tips of the nanorods and proceeds unevenly with periods of rapid mass loss punctuated by periods of relative stability. At higher temperatures, the nanorods sublime at a faster, more uniform rate, but mass loss occurs from only a single end of the rod. We propose a mechanism that accounts for the observed sublimation behavior based on the terrace-ledge-kink (TLK) model and how the nanorod surface chemical environment influences the kinetic barrier of sublimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hellebusch
- ∥Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- #Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karthish Manthiram
- #Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brandon J Beberwyck
- ∥Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- #Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- ∥Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- #Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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