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Hetta HF, Ramadan YN, Al-Kadmy IMS, Ellah NHA, Shbibe L, Battah B. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:1033. [PMID: 37623993 PMCID: PMC10458664 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging multidrug-resistant pathogenic yeast called Candida auris has a high potential to spread quickly among hospitalized patients and immunodeficient patients causing nosocomial outbreaks. It has the potential to cause pandemic outbreaks in about 45 nations with high mortality rates. Additionally, the fungus has become resistant to decontamination techniques and can survive for weeks in a hospital environment. Nanoparticles might be a good substitute to treat illnesses brought on by this newly discovered pathogen. Nanoparticles have become a trend and hot topic in recent years to combat this fatal fungus. This review gives a general insight into the epidemiology of C. auris and infection. It discusses the current conventional therapy and mechanism of resistance development. Furthermore, it focuses on nanoparticles, their different types, and up-to-date trials to evaluate the promising efficacy of nanoparticles with respect to C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Yasmin N. Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy
- Branch of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad P.O. Box 10244, Iraq;
| | - Noura H. Abd Ellah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Assiut, Naser City, Assiut 2014101, Egypt
| | - Lama Shbibe
- Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus 97009, Syria;
| | - Basem Battah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Syrian Private University (SPU), Daraa International Highway, Damascus 36822, Syria
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2
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Komaki K, Kasuya S, Toda Y, Tosaka T, Kamiya K, Koshiyama T. Cu(II)-Triggered Ion Channel Properties of a 2,2'-Bipyridine-Modified Amphotericin B. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:828-835. [PMID: 36708326 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of stimuli-responsive synthetic channels that open and close in response to physical and chemical changes in the surrounding environment has attracted attention because of their potential bioapplications such as sensing, drug release, antibiotics, and molecular manipulation tools to control membrane transport in cells. Metal coordination is ideal as a stimulus for stimuli-responsive channels because it allows for reversible gating behavior through the addition and removal of metal ions and fine-tuning of channel structure through coordination geometry defined by the type of the metal ion and ligand. We have previously reported on transition metal-ion dependent ion permeability control of Amphotericin B (AmB) modified with a metal coordination site, 2,2'-bipyridine ligand (bpy-AmB). AmB is one of the polyene macrolide antibiotics, and it is known that the interaction between AmB and ergosterol molecules is required for AmB channel formation. In contrast, the Cu2+ coordination to the bpy moiety of bpy-AmB induces formation of Ca2+ ion-permeable channels in the ergosterol-free POPC membrane. However, the details of bpy-AmB properties such as channel stability, ion selectivity, pore size, and the effect of ergosterol on channel formation remain unclear. Here, we investigate bpy-AmB channels triggered by transition metal coordination in POPC or ergosterol-containing POPC liposomes using an HPTS assay, electrophysiological measurements, and time-resolved UV-vis spectral measurements. These analyses reveal that bpy-AmB channels triggered by Cu2+ ions are more stable and have larger pore sizes than the original AmB channels and enable efficient permeation of various cations. We believe that our channel design will lead to the construction of metal coordination-triggered synthetic ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Komaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kasuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusei Toda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tosaka
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma376-8515, Japan
| | - Koki Kamiya
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma376-8515, Japan
| | - Tomomi Koshiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
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Effect of Post-Polyketide Synthase Modification Groups on Property and Activity of Polyene Macrolides. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010119. [PMID: 36671320 PMCID: PMC9854516 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of polyene macrolides, which are natural products produced by soil actinomycetes, have been extensively explored, and recent studies have focused on the effects of post-polyketide synthase (PKS) modifications to polyene macrolides on toxicity, water solubility, and antifungal activity. For example, there are interactions between glycosyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl or epoxy groups generated in the post-PKS modification steps; salt bridges will be formed between carboxylate and ammonium on the mycosamine; and water bridges will be formed between hydroxy and hydroxyl on mycosamine. These interactions will affect their water solubility and substrate-recognition specificity. This review summarizes research related to these post-PKS modification groups and discusses some genetic engineering operation problems and solutions that may be encountered when modifying these post-PKS modification groups. In addition, this review provides a basis for the structural research of polyene macrolide antibiotics and contributes to comprehensive and systematic knowledge, and it may thus encourage researchers to develop novel antifungal drugs with higher therapeutic indexes and medical values.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amphotericin B Formulations Based on Organic Salts and Ionic Liquids against Leishmania infantum. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121841. [PMID: 36551498 PMCID: PMC9774544 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, organic salts and ionic liquids (OSILs) containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are being explored as drug delivery systems in modern therapies (OSILs-API). In that sense, this work is focused on the development of novel OSILs-API based on amphotericin B through an innovative procedure and the evaluation of the respective biological activity against Leishmania infantum. Several ammonium, methylimidazolium, pyridinium and phosphonium organic cations combined with amphotericin B as anion were synthesized in moderate to high yields and high purities by the water-reduced buffer neutralization method. All prepared compounds were characterized to confirm the desired chemical structure and the specific optical rotation ([α]D25) was also determined. The biological assays performed on L. infantum promastigotes showed increased activity against this parasitic disease when compared with the starting chloride forms and amphotericin B alone, highlighting [P6,6,6,14][AmB] as the most promising formulation. Possible synergism in the antiprotozoal activity was also evaluated for [P6,6,6,14][AmB], since it was proven to be the compound with the highest toxicity. This work reported a simple synthetic method, which can be applied to prepare other organic salts based on molecules containing fragile chemical groups, demonstrating the potential of these OSILs-AmB as possible agents against leishmaniasis.
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Kumar P, Kumar P, Singh N, Khajuria S, Patel R, Rajana VK, Mandal D, Velayutham R. Limitations of current chemotherapy and future of nanoformulation-based AmB delivery for visceral leishmaniasis-An updated review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1016925. [PMID: 36588956 PMCID: PMC9794769 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1016925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most lethal of all leishmaniasis diseasesand the second most common parasiticdisease after malaria and,still, categorized as a neglected tropical disease (NTD). According to the latest WHO study, >20 Leishmania species spread 0.7-1.0 million new cases of leishmaniasis each year. VL is caused by the genus, Leishmania donovani (LD), which affects between 50,000 and 90,000 people worldwide each year. Lack of new drug development, increasing drug resistance, toxicity and high cost even with the first line of treatmentof Amphotericin B (AmB), demands new formulation for treatment of VLFurther the lack of a vaccine, allowedthe researchers to develop nanofomulation-based AmB for improved delivery. The limitation of AmB is its kidney and liver toxicity which forced the development of costly liposomal AmB (AmBisome) nanoformulation. Success of AmBisome have inspired and attracted a wide range of AmB nanoformulations ranging from polymeric, solid lipid, liposomal/micellar, metallic, macrophage receptor-targetednanoparticles (NP) and even with sophisticated carbon/quantum dot-based AmBnano delivery systems. Notably, NP-based AmB delivery has shown increased efficacy due to increased uptake, on-target delivery and synergistic impact of NP and AmB. In this review, we have discussed the different forms of leishmaniasis disease and their current treatment options with limitations. The discovery, mechanism of action of AmB, clinical status of AmB and improvement with AmBisome over fungizone (AmB-deoxycholate)for VL treatment was further discussed. At last, the development of various AmB nanoformulation was discussed along with its adavantages over traditional chemotherapy-based delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Salil Khajuria
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Rahul Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Rajana
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India,*Correspondence: Ravichandiran Velayutham, ; Debabrata Mandal,
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Ravichandiran Velayutham, ; Debabrata Mandal,
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Umegawa Y, Yamamoto T, Dixit M, Funahashi K, Seo S, Nakagawa Y, Suzuki T, Matsuoka S, Tsuchikawa H, Hanashima S, Oishi T, Matsumori N, Shinoda W, Murata M. Amphotericin B assembles into seven-molecule ion channels: An NMR and molecular dynamics study. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2658. [PMID: 35714188 PMCID: PMC9205587 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B, an antifungal drug with a long history of use, forms fungicidal ion-permeable channels across cell membranes. Using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we experimentally elucidated the three-dimensional structure of the molecular assemblies formed by this drug in membranes in the presence of the fungal sterol ergosterol. A stable assembly consisting of seven drug molecules was observed to form an ion conductive channel. The structure is somewhat similar to the upper half of the barrel-stave model proposed in the 1970s but substantially different in the number of molecules and in their arrangement. The present structure explains many previous findings, including structure-activity relationships of the drug, which will be useful for improving drug efficacy and reducing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mayank Dixit
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kosuke Funahashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Sangjae Seo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Taiga Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Mahor A, M Sawant D, K Goyal A. Chemical and physical approaches for improved biopharmaceutical activity of amphotericin B: Current and future prospective. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1571-1592. [PMID: 35692126 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220610141243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the number of patients with mycotic infections has been increasing gradually. Amphotericin-B is a gold standard drug used in serious systemic fungal infections. However, limited solubility and permeability are challenging issues associated with Amphotericin-B. Chemical modification is one of the ways to get its broader applicability along with improved physicochemical properties. The review article provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical modification approach for investigation of the mechanism of action, biological activity, bioavailability, toxicity of Amphotericin B. Further, several drug delivery approaches have also been utilized to provide better therapeutic outcomes. This gives an overview of chemical approaches for the exploration of various factors associated with Amphotericin B and information on its drug delivery approaches for improved biopharmaceutical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mahor
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, India
| | - Devesh M Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, India
| | - Amit K Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, India
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Wu Y, Hu S, Wu C, Gu F, Yang Y. Probiotics: Potential Novel Therapeutics Against Fungal Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:793419. [PMID: 35127557 PMCID: PMC8813855 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.793419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global infection rate of fungal diseases is increasing year by year, and it has gradually become one of the most serious infectious diseases threatening human health. However, the side effects of antifungal drugs and the fungal resistance to these drugs are gradually increasing. Therefore, the development of new broad-spectrum, safe, and economical alternatives to antibacterial drugs are essential. Probiotics are microorganisms that are beneficial for human health. They boost human immunity, resist pathogen colonization, and reduce pathogen infection. Many investigations have shown their inhibitory activity on a wide range of pathogenic fungi. However, their antibacterial mechanism is still a secret. This article reviews the progress of probiotics as a new method for the treatment of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou Tumor Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Changyu Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changyu Wu, ; Feng Gu, ; Ying Yang,
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changyu Wu, ; Feng Gu, ; Ying Yang,
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changyu Wu, ; Feng Gu, ; Ying Yang,
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Fungicidal amphotericin B sponges are assemblies of staggered asymmetric homodimers encasing large void volumes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:972-981. [PMID: 34887566 PMCID: PMC9336184 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a powerful but toxic fungicide that operates via enigmatic small molecule-small molecule interactions. This mechanism has challenged the frontiers of structural biology for half a century. We recently showed AmB primarily forms extramembranous aggregates that kill yeast by extracting ergosterol from membranes. Here, we report key structural features of these antifungal 'sponges' illuminated by high-resolution magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR, in concert with simulated annealing and molecular dynamics computations. The minimal unit of assembly is an asymmetric head-to-tail homodimer: one molecule adopts an all-trans C1-C13 motif, the other a C6-C7-gauche conformation. These homodimers are staggered in a clathrate-like lattice with large void volumes similar to the size of sterols. These results illuminate the atomistic interactions that underlie fungicidal assemblies of AmB and suggest this natural product may form biologically active clathrates that host sterol guests.
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Striking Back against Fungal Infections: The Utilization of Nanosystems for Antifungal Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810104. [PMID: 34576268 PMCID: PMC8466259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have become a major health concern, given that invasive infections by Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species have led to millions of mortalities. Conventional antifungal drugs including polyenes, echinocandins, azoles, allylamins, and antimetabolites have been used for decades, but their limitations include off-target toxicity, drug-resistance, poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and weak tissue penetration, which cannot be ignored. These drawbacks have led to the emergence of novel antifungal therapies. In this review, we discuss the nanosystems that are currently utilized for drug delivery and the application of antifungal therapies.
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Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Chitosan with Fluconazole against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Fluconazole-Resistant Strains. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215114. [PMID: 33153228 PMCID: PMC7663520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Few antifungal drugs are currently available, and drug-resistant strains have rapidly emerged. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the antifungal activity from a combinational treatment of chitosan with a clinical antifungal drug on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. (2) Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, checkerboard assays, and disc assays were employed to determine the inhibitory effect of chitosan with or without other antifungal drugs on C. albicans and C. tropicalis. (3) Results: Treatment with chitosan in combination with fluconazole showed a great synergistic fungicidal effect against C. albicans and C. tropicalis, but an indifferent effect on antifungal activity when challenged with chitosan-amphotericin B or chitosan-caspofungin simultaneously. Furthermore, the combination of chitosan and fluconazole was effective against drug-resistant strains. (4) Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence that chitosan in combination with fluconazole is a promising therapy against two Candida species and its drug-resistant strains.
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Howard KC, Dennis EK, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A comprehensive overview of the medicinal chemistry of antifungal drugs: perspectives and promise. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2426-2480. [PMID: 32140691 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00556k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new fungal pathogens makes the development of new antifungal drugs a medical imperative that in recent years motivates the talents of numerous investigators across the world. Understanding not only the structural families of these drugs but also their biological targets provides a rational means for evaluating the merits and selectivity of new agents for fungal pathogens and normal cells. An equally important aspect of modern antifungal drug development takes a balanced look at the problems of drug potency and drug resistance. The future development of new antifungal agents will rest with those who employ synthetic and semisynthetic methodology as well as natural product isolation to tackle these problems and with those who possess a clear understanding of fungal cell architecture and drug resistance mechanisms. This review endeavors to provide an introduction to a growing and increasingly important literature, including coverage of the new developments in medicinal chemistry since 2015, and also endeavors to spark the curiosity of investigators who might enter this fascinatingly complex fungal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlind C Howard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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Tsuchikawa H, Umegawa Y, Murata M, Oishi T. A Synthetic Approach to the Channel Complex Structure of Antibiotic in a Membrane: Backbone <sup>19</sup>F-Labeled Amphotericin B for Solid-State NMR Analysis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University
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14
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Staniszewska M, Gizińska M, Mikulak E, Adamus K, Koronkiewicz M, Łukowska-Chojnacka E. New 1,5 and 2,5-disubstituted tetrazoles-dependent activity towards surface barrier of Candida albicans. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 145:124-139. [PMID: 29324336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel tetrazole derivatives was synthetized using N-alkylation or Michael-type addition reactions, and screened for their fungistatic potential against Candida albicans (the lack of endpoint = 100%). Among them, the selected compounds 2d, 4b, and 6a differing in substituents at the tetrazole ring were non-toxic to Galleria mellonella larvae in vivo and exerted slight toxicity against Caco-2 in vitro (CC50 at 256 μg/mL). An antagonistic effect of tetrazole derivatives 2d, 4b, and 6a respectively in combination with Fluconazole was shown using the checker board and colorimetric methods (fractional inhibitory concentration indexes FICIs >1). The most active 2d and 6a displayed an inverse relation between MICs in the presence of exogenous ergosterol, the effect was opposite to Itraconazole and Amphotericin B. The differences between 6a's and 2d's action mode were noted. Combining both flow cytometry and fluorescence image analyses respectively showed the complexity of planktonic and biofilm cell demise mode under the tetrazole derivatives tested. The following evidences for 6a's interaction with fungal membrane were noted: necrosis-like programmed cell death (97.03 ± 0.88), DNA denaturation (no laddering), mitochondrial damage (XTT assay), reduced adhesion to human epithelium (>50% at 0.0313 μg/mL, p ≤ .05), irregular deposit of chitin, and attenuated morphogenesis in mature biofilm. The treatment with 6a reduced pathogenicity of C. albicans during infection in G. mellonella. Contrariwise, 2d enhancing fungal adhesion displayed mechanism targeted to the cell wall (due to the presence of 3-chloropropyl clubbed with aryltetrazole) in the presence of osmotic protector. Under 2d, the accidental cell death (88.60% ± 4.81) was observed. In conclusion, all tetrazole derivatives were obtained in satisfactory yields (60-95%) using efficient, simple and not expensive methods. Fungistatic and slightly anticancer tetrazole derivatives with the novel action mode can circumvent an appearance of antifungal-resistant strains. These results indicate that they are worthy of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Staniszewska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Gizińska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Mikulak
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Adamus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Abstract
The application of small molecules as catalysts for the diversification of natural product scaffolds is reviewed. Specifically, principles that relate to the selectivity challenges intrinsic to complex molecular scaffolds are summarized. The synthesis of analogues of natural products by this approach is then described as a quintessential "late-stage functionalization" exercise wherein natural products serve as the lead scaffolds. Given the historical application of enzymatic catalysts to the site-selective alteration of complex molecules, the focus of this Review is on the recent studies of nonenzymatic catalysts. Reactions involving hydroxyl group derivatization with a variety of electrophilic reagents are discussed. C-H bond functionalizations that lead to oxidations, aminations, and halogenations are also presented. Several examples of site-selective olefin functionalizations and C-C bond formations are also included. Numerous classes of natural products have been subjected to these studies of site-selective alteration including polyketides, glycopeptides, terpenoids, macrolides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and others. What emerges is a platform for chemical remodeling of naturally occurring scaffolds that targets virtually all known chemical functionalities and microenvironments. However, challenges for the design of very broad classes of catalysts, with even broader selectivity demands (e.g., stereoselectivity, functional group selectivity, and site-selectivity) persist. Yet, a significant spectrum of powerful, catalytic alterations of complex natural products now exists such that expansion of scope seems inevitable. Several instances of biological activity assays of remodeled natural product derivatives are also presented. These reports may foreshadow further interdisciplinary impacts for catalytic remodeling of natural products, including contributions to SAR development, mode of action studies, and eventually medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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16
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Sterol targeting drugs reveal life cycle stage-specific differences in trypanosome lipid rafts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9105. [PMID: 28831063 PMCID: PMC5567337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia play important roles in cell signaling, facilitated by the unique lipid environment of a ciliary membrane containing high concentrations of sterol-rich lipid rafts. The African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei is a single-celled eukaryote with a single cilium/flagellum. We tested whether flagellar sterol enrichment results from selective flagellar partitioning of specific sterol species or from general enrichment of all sterols. While all sterols are enriched in the flagellum, cholesterol is especially enriched. T. brucei cycles between its mammalian host (bloodstream cell), in which it scavenges cholesterol, and its tsetse fly host (procyclic cell), in which it both scavenges cholesterol and synthesizes ergosterol. We wondered whether the insect and mammalian life cycle stages possess chemically different lipid rafts due to different sterol utilization. Treatment of bloodstream parasites with cholesterol-specific methyl-β-cyclodextrin disrupts both membrane liquid order and localization of a raft-associated ciliary membrane calcium sensor. Treatment with ergosterol-specific amphotericin B does not. The opposite results were observed with ergosterol-rich procyclic cells. Further, these agents have opposite effects on flagellar sterol enrichment and cell metabolism in the two life cycle stages. These findings illuminate differences in the lipid rafts of an organism employing life cycle-specific sterols and have implications for treatment.
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17
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Maetani M, Zoller J, Melillo B, Verho O, Kato N, Pu J, Comer E, Schreiber SL. Synthesis of a Bicyclic Azetidine with In Vivo Antimalarial Activity Enabled by Stereospecific, Directed C(sp 3)-H Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11300-11306. [PMID: 28732448 PMCID: PMC5561537 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The development of new antimalarial
therapeutics is necessary to address the increasing resistance to
current drugs. Bicyclic azetidines targeting Plasmodium falciparum phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase comprise one promising new class of
antimalarials, especially due to their activities against three stages
of the parasite’s life cycle, but a lengthy synthetic route
to these compounds may affect the feasibility of delivering new therapeutic
agents within the cost constraints of antimalarial drugs. Here, we
report an efficient synthesis of antimalarial compound BRD3914 (EC50 = 15 nM) that hinges on a Pd-catalyzed, directed C(sp3)–H arylation of azetidines at the C3 position. This
newly developed protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope and provides
access to valuable, stereochemically defined building blocks. BRD3914
was evaluated in P. falciparum-infected mice,
providing a cure after four oral doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Maetani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Broad Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jochen Zoller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Broad Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Broad Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Broad Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nobutaka Kato
- Broad Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jun Pu
- Broad Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eamon Comer
- Broad Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Broad Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Cambridge, Massachussetts 02138, United States
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18
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de Araújo Neto LN, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Oliveira JF, de Souza ER, Buonafina MDS, Vitor Anjos MN, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Neves RP, Mendonça-Junior FJB. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of 5-nitro-thiophene-thiosemicarbazones derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:172-181. [PMID: 28479098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, twelve N-substituted 2-(5-nitro-thiophene)-thiosemicarbazones derivatives (L1-12) were synthesized, characterized and their in vitro cytotoxic and antifungal activities were evaluated against Candida sp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. The probable mechanisms of action have been investigated by sorbitol and ergosterol assays. Additionally, ultrastructural study by Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed with the L10 compound. All compounds were obtained in good yield and their chemical structures were characterized on basis of their physico-chemical and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NMR, Spectrophotometric Absorption in the Infrared - IR and High-resolution Mass Spectrometry - HRMS data. The results showed that all strains were more sensitive to the compound L10 except Candida tropicalis URM 6551. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity assay by incorporation of tritiated thymidine showed moderate cytotoxic activity on L8 of the 50 μg/mLat which had the best MIC-cytotoxicity relationship. Concerning the study of the possible mechanism of action, the compounds were not able to bind to ergosterol in the membrane, do not act by inhibiting the synthesis of fungal cell wall (sorbitol assay). However, the Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM analysis shows significant morphological changes in shape, size, number of cells and hyphae, and cell wall indicating a possible mechanism of action by inhibition of enzymes related to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. Our results demonstrate that N-substituted 2-(5-nitro-thiophene)-thiosemicarbazones derivatives are potential antifungal agents with activity associated with inhibition of enzymes related to biosynthesis of ergosterol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edson Rubhens de Souza
- Chemistry Laboratory and Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio André Brayner
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center (FIOCRUZ) and Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), University of Pernambuco, 50100-130, Brazil
| | - Rejane Pereira Neves
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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19
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Arczewska M, Czernel G, Gagoś M. Effect of the Amphotericin B and Its Copper Complex on a Model of the Outer Leaflet of Human Erythrocyte Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11191-11204. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arczewska
- Department
of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department
of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell
Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie- Skłodowska of University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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20
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Nakagawa Y, Umegawa Y, Matsushita N, Yamamoto T, Tsuchikawa H, Hanashima S, Oishi T, Matsumori N, Murata M. The Structure of the Bimolecular Complex between Amphotericin B and Ergosterol in Membranes Is Stabilized by Face-to-Face van der Waals Interaction with Their Rigid Cyclic Cores. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3392-402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakagawa
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naohiro Matsushita
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamoto
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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21
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No JH. Visceral leishmaniasis: Revisiting current treatments and approaches for future discoveries. Acta Trop 2016; 155:113-23. [PMID: 26748356 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current treatments for visceral leishmaniasis are old and toxic with limited routes of administration. The emergence of drug-resistant Leishmania threatens the efficacy of the existing reservoir of antileishmanials, leading to an urgent need to develop new treatments. It is particularly important to review and understand how the current treatments act against Leishmania in order to identify valid drug targets or essential pathways for next-generation antileishmanials. It is equally important to adapt newly emerging biotechnologies to facilitate the current research on the development of novel antileishmanials in an efficient fashion. This review covers the basic background of the current visceral leishmaniasis treatments with an emphasis on the modes of action. It briefly discusses the role of the immune system in aiding the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis, describes potential new antileishmanial drug targets and pathways, and introduces recent progress on the utilization of high-throughput phenotypic screening assays to identify novel antileishmanial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwan No
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Leishmania Research Laboratory, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Past, Present, and Future of Antifungal Drug Development. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Foglia F, Lawrence M, Barlow D. Studies of model biological and bio-mimetic membrane structure: Reflectivity vs diffraction, a critical comparison. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Murata M, Sugiyama S, Matsuoka S, Matsumori N. Bioactive Structure of Membrane Lipids and Natural Products Elucidated by a Chemistry-Based Approach. CHEM REC 2015; 15:675-90. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Murata
- JST ERATO; Lipid Active Structure Project; Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 563-0043 Japan
| | - Shigeru Sugiyama
- JST ERATO; Lipid Active Structure Project; Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 563-0043 Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuoka
- JST ERATO; Lipid Active Structure Project; Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 563-0043 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 563-0043 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Sciences; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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25
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Davis SA, Vincent BM, Endo MM, Whitesell L, Marchillo K, Andes DR, Lindquist S, Burke MD. Nontoxic antimicrobials that evade drug resistance. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:481-7. [PMID: 26030729 PMCID: PMC4472574 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that act more promiscuously provide fewer routes for the emergence of resistant mutants. But this benefit often comes at the cost of serious off-target and dose-limiting toxicities. The classic example is the antifungal amphotericin B (AmB), which has evaded resistance for more than half a century. We report dramatically less toxic amphotericins that nevertheless evade resistance. They are scalably accessed in just three steps from the natural product, and bind their target (the fungal sterol, ergosterol) with far greater selectivity than AmB. Hence, they are less toxic and far more effective in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. Surprisingly, exhaustive efforts to select for mutants resistant to these more selective compounds revealed that they are just as impervious to resistance as AmB. Thus, highly selective cytocidal action and the evasion of resistance are not mutually exclusive, suggesting practical routes to the discovery of less toxic, resistance-evasive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Davis
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA. [2] Roger Adam Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin M Vincent
- 1] Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew M Endo
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA. [2] Roger Adam Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Marchillo
- 1] Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. [2] Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David R Andes
- 1] Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. [2] Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susan Lindquist
- 1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin D Burke
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA. [2] Roger Adam Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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26
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Kamiński DM, Pociecha D, Górecka E, Gagoś M. The influence of amphotericin B on the molecular organization and structural properties of DPPC lipid membranes modified by sterols. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Nakagawa Y, Umegawa Y, Nonomura K, Matsushita N, Takano T, Tsuchikawa H, Hanashima S, Oishi T, Matsumori N, Murata M. Axial Hydrogen at C7 Position and Bumpy Tetracyclic Core Markedly Reduce Sterol’s Affinity to Amphotericin B in Membrane. Biochemistry 2015; 54:303-12. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5012942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nonomura
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naohiro Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takano
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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28
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Koukalová A, Pokorná Š, Fišer R, Kopecký V, Humpolíčková J, Černý J, Hof M. Membrane activity of the pentaene macrolide didehydroroflamycoin in model lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:444-52. [PMID: 25450349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Didehydroroflamycoin (DDHR), a recently isolated member of the polyene macrolide family, was shown to have antibacterial and antifungal activity. However, its mechanism of action has not been investigated. Antibiotics from this family are amphiphilic; thus, they have membrane activity, their biological action is localized in the membrane, and the membrane composition and physical properties facilitate the recognition of a particular compound by the target organism. In this work, we use model lipid membranes comprised of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) for a systematic study of the action of DDHR. In parallel, experiments are conducted using filipin III and amphotericin B, other members of the family, and the behavior observed for DDHR is described in the context of that of these two heavily studied compounds. The study shows that DDHR disrupts membranes via two different mechanisms and that the involvement of these mechanisms depends on the presence of cholesterol. The leakage assays performed in GUVs and the conductance measurements using black lipid membranes (BLM) reveal that the pores that develop in the absence of cholesterol are transient and their size is dependent on the DDHR concentration. In contrast, cholesterol promotes the formation of more defined structures that are temporally stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Koukalová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pokorná
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Fišer
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kopecký
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Humpolíčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Černý
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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29
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Kamiński DM. Recent progress in the study of the interactions of amphotericin B with cholesterol and ergosterol in lipid environments. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 43:453-67. [PMID: 25173562 PMCID: PMC4212203 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-0983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade substantial progress has been made in understanding the organization and biological activity of amphotericin B (AmB) in the presence of sterols in lipid environments. This review concentrates mainly on interactions of AmB with lipids and sterols, AmB channel formation in membranes, AmB aggregation, AmB modifications important for understanding its biological activity, and AmB models explaining its mechanism of action. Most of the reviewed studies concern monolayers at the water–gas interface, monolayers deposited on a solid substrate by use of the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, micelles, vesicles, and multi-bilayers. Liposomal AmB formulations and drug delivery are intentionally omitted, because several reviews dedicated to this subject are already available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Michał Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland,
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30
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Kamiński DM, Czernel G, Murphy B, Runge B, Magnussen OM, Gagoś M. Effect of cholesterol and ergosterol on the antibiotic amphotericin B interactions with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayers: X-ray reflectivity study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2947-53. [PMID: 25128151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B is a Streptomyces nodosus metabolite and one of the oldest polyene antibiotics used in the treatment of invasive systemic fungal infections. Despite its over 50-year existence in clinical practice and the recognition of amphotericin B as the gold standard in the treatment of serious systemic mycosis, it still remains one of the most toxic pharmaceuticals. Understanding of the processes at the molecular levels and the interactions between amphotericin B with lipid membranes containing sterols should elucidate the mechanisms of the action and toxicity of this widely used antibiotic. In this work, we use X-ray reflectivity to study the structural changes on a molecular scale after amphotericin B incorporation. These changes are accompanied by an increase in monolayer surface pressure which is more pronounced for ergosterol - rather than cholesterol-rich membranes. The data indicate that this difference is not due to the higher affinity of amphotericin B towards ergosterol-containing membranes but is rather due to a ~3Angstrom corrugation of the monolayer. Furthermore, the total quantity of amphotericin B incorporated into lipid monolayers containing cholesterol and ergosterol is the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bridget Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany; Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Runge
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany; Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany; Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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31
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Foglia F, Fragneto G, Clifton LA, Lawrence MJ, Barlow DJ. Interaction of amphotericin B with lipid monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9147-9156. [PMID: 25019324 DOI: 10.1021/la501835p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Langmuir isotherm, neutron reflectivity, and Brewster angle microscopy experiments have been performed to study the interaction of amphotericin B (AmB) with monolayers prepared from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) and mixtures of this lipid with cholesterol or ergosterol to mimic mammalian and fungal cell membranes, respectively. Isotherm data show that AmB causes a more pronounced change in surface pressure in the POPC/ergosterol system than in the POPC and POPC/cholesterol systems, and its interaction with the POPC/ergosterol monolayer is also more rapid than with the POPC and POPC/cholesterol monolayers. Brewster angle microscopy shows that, in interaction with POPC monolayers, AmB causes the formation of small domains which shrink and disappear within a few minutes. The drug also causes domain formation in the POPC/cholesterol and POPC/ergosterol monolayers; in the former case, these are formed more slowly than is seen with the POPC monolayers and are ultimately much smaller; in the latter case, they are formed rather more quickly and are more heterogeneous in size. Neutron reflectivity data show that the changes in monolayer structure following interaction with AmB are the same for all three systems studied: the data are consistent with the drug inserting into the monolayers with its macrocyclic ring intercalated among the lipid acyl chains and sterol ring systems, with its mycosamine moiety colocalizing with the sterol hydroxyl and POPC head groups. On the basis of these studies, it is concluded that AmB inserts in a similar manner into POPC, POPC/cholesterol, and POPC/ergosterol monolayers but does so with differing kinetics and with the formation of quite different in-plane structures. The more rapid time scale for interaction of the drug with the POPC/ergosterol monolayer, its more pronounced effect on monolayer surface pressure, and its more marked changes as regards domain formation are all consistent with the drug's selectivity for fungal vs mammalian cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Foglia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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32
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The effect of sterols on amphotericin B self-aggregation in a lipid bilayer as revealed by free energy simulations. Biophys J 2013; 104:1485-94. [PMID: 23561525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is an effective but toxic antifungal drug, known to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, presumably by assembling into transmembrane pores in a sterol-dependent manner. The aggregation of AmB molecules in a phospholipid bilayer is, thus, crucial for the drug's activity. To provide an insight into the molecular nature of this process, here, we report an atomistic molecular dynamics simulation study of AmB head-to-head dimerization in a phospholipid bilayer, a possible early stage of aggregation. To compare the effect of sterols on the thermodynamics of aggregation and the architecture of the resulting AmB-AmB complexes, free energy profiles for the dimerization in ergosterol- or cholesterol-containing and sterol-free membranes are derived from the simulations. These profiles demonstrate that although AmB dimers are formed in all the systems studied, they are significantly less favorable in the bilayer with ergosterol than in the cholesterol-containing or sterol-free ones. We investigate the structural and energetic determinants of this difference and discuss its consequences for the AmB mechanism of action.
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33
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Wilcock BC, Endo MM, Uno BE, Burke MD. C2'-OH of amphotericin B plays an important role in binding the primary sterol of human cells but not yeast cells. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8488-91. [PMID: 23718627 DOI: 10.1021/ja403255s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a clinically vital antimycotic but is limited by its severe toxicity. Binding ergosterol, independent of channel formation, is the primary mechanism by which AmB kills yeast, and binding cholesterol may primarily account for toxicity to human cells. The leading structural model predicts that the C2' hydroxyl group on the mycosamine appendage is critical for binding both sterols. To test this, the C2'-OH was synthetically deleted, and the sterol binding capacity of the resulting derivative, C2'deOAmB, was directly characterized via isothermal titration calorimetry. Surprisingly, C2'deOAmB binds ergosterol and, within the limits of detection of this experiment, does not bind cholesterol. Moreover, C2'deOAmB is nearly equipotent to AmB against yeast but, within the limits of detection of our assays, is nontoxic to human cells in vitro. Thus, the leading structural model for AmB/sterol binding interactions is incorrect, and C2'deOAmB is an exceptionally promising new antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Wilcock
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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34
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Lei X, Kong L, Zhang C, Liu Q, Yao F, Zhang W, Deng Z, You D. In vivo investigation of the substrate recognition capability and activity affecting amino acid residues of glycosyltransferase FscMI in the biosynthesis of candicidin. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:422-30. [PMID: 23324745 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of sugar moieties of natural products often leads to novel antibiotics with different chemical and physical properties. fscMI is a putative glycosyltransferase (GT) in a gene cluster for the production of candicidin, a polyene macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces sp. FR-008. In this report, we established an in vivo biochemical detection system by inactivating fscMI and the DH11 domain of polyketide synthase (PKS) through double homologous recombination to unveil the interaction between polyene GTs and their substrates. We found that homologous GT genes including amphDI, nysDI and pimK can catalyze the conversion of candicidin aglycone into candicidin/FR-008-III in fscMI mutant, suggesting that homologous polyene GTs show some tolerance toward aglycones and that it is possible to create new polyene analogues with altered aglycones through genetic engineering. Inactivation of the DH11 domain of PKS led to novel polyene derivatives with mycosamine added to the altered polyketide backbones, further confirming the loose substrate specificity of polyene GTs. Furthermore, mutation of Ser346, Ser361, His362 or Cys387 of FscMI by site-directed mutagenesis significantly reduced its catalytic activity. Further analysis suggested that Ser361 and Cys387 are likely the critical donor interacting residues that could affect the activity of GT FscMI. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the critical residues in a polyene GT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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35
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Wilcock BC, Uno BE, Bromann GL, Clark MJ, Anderson TM, Burke MD. Electronic tuning of site-selectivity. Nat Chem 2012; 4:996-1003. [PMID: 23174979 PMCID: PMC3545056 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalizations of complex small molecules can generate targeted derivatives with exceptional step efficiency, but general strategies for maximizing selectivity in this context are rare. Here, we report that site-selectivity can be tuned by simply modifying the electronic nature of the reagents. A Hammett analysis is consistent with linking this phenomenon to the Hammond postulate: electronic tuning to a more product-like transition state amplifies site-discriminating interactions between a reagent and its substrate. This strategy transformed a minimally site-selective acylation reaction into a highly selective and thus preparatively useful one. Electronic tuning of both an acylpyridinium donor and its carboxylate counterion further promoted site-divergent functionalizations. With these advances, we achieve a range of modifications to just one of the many hydroxyl groups appended to the ion channel-forming natural product amphotericin B. Thus, electronic tuning of reagents represents an effective strategy for discovering and optimizing site-selective functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Wilcock
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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36
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Foglia F, Lawrence MJ, Demė B, Fragneto G, Barlow D. Neutron diffraction studies of the interaction between amphotericin B and lipid-sterol model membranes. Sci Rep 2012; 2:778. [PMID: 23110248 PMCID: PMC3482691 DOI: 10.1038/srep00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years or so, amphotericin has been widely employed in treating life-threatening systemic fungal infections. Its usefulness in the clinic, however, has always been circumscribed by its dose-limiting side-effects, and it is also now compromised by an increasing incidence of pathogen resistance. Combating these problems through development of new anti-fungal agents requires detailed knowledge of the drug's molecular mechanism, but unfortunately this is far from clear. Neutron diffraction studies of the drug's incorporation within lipid-sterol membranes have here been performed to shed light on this problem. The drug is shown to disturb the structures of both fungal and mammalian membranes, and co-localises with the membrane sterols in a manner consistent with trans-membrane pore formation. The differences seen in the membrane lipid ordering and in the distributions of the drug-ergosterol and drug-cholesterol complexes within the membranes are consistent with the drug's selectivity for fungal vs. human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Foglia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M. Jayne Lawrence
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bruno Demė
- Institut de Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | | | - David Barlow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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37
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Umegawa Y, Adachi T, Matsumori N, Murata M. Possible conformation of amphotericin B dimer in membrane-bound assembly as deduced from solid-state NMR. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5699-704. [PMID: 22959766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aiming for structural analysis of amphotericin B (AmB) ion-channel assemblies in membrane, a covalent dimer was synthesized between (13)C-labled AmB methyl ester and (19)F-labled AmB. The dimer showed slightly weaker but significant biological activities against fungi and red blood cells compared with those of monomeric AmB. Then the dimer was subjected to (13)C{(19)F}REDOR (Rotational-Echo Double Resonance) experiments in hydrated lipid bilayers. The obtained REDOR dephasing effects were explained by two components; a short (13)C/(19)F distance (6.9Å) accounting for 23% of the REDOR dephasing, and a longer one (14Å) comprising the rest of the dephasing. The shorter distance is likely to reflect the formation of barrel-stave ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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38
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Montesarchio D, Coppola C, Boccalon M, Tecilla P. Carbohydrate-based synthetic ion transporters. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Antifungal activity of eugenol analogues. Influence of different substituents and studies on mechanism of action. Molecules 2012; 17:1002-24. [PMID: 22262200 PMCID: PMC6268595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty one phenylpropanoids (including eugenol and safrole) and synthetic analogues, thirteen of them new compounds, were evaluated for antifungal properties, first with non-targeted assays against a panel of human opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Some structure-activity relationships could be observed, mainly related to the influence of an allyl substituent at C-4, an OH group at C-1 and an OCH3 at C-2 or the presence of one or two NO2 groups in different positions of the benzene ring. All active compounds were tested in a second panel of clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. The eugenol derivative 4-allyl-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol (2) was the most active structure against all strains tested, and therefore it was submitted to targeted assays. These studies showed that the antifungal activity of 2 was not reversed in the presence of an osmotic support such as sorbitol, suggesting that it does not act by inhibiting the fungal cell wall synthesis or assembly. On the other hand, the Ergosterol Assay showed that 2 did not bind to the main sterol of the fungal membrane up to 250 µg mL−1. In contrast, a 22% of fungal membrane damage was observed at concentrations = 1 × MIC and 71% at 4× MIC, when 2 was tested in the Cellular Leakage assay. The comparison of log P and MICs for all compounds revealed that the antifungal activity of the eugenol analogues would not to be related to lipophilicity.
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40
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Nebot J, Romea P, Urpí F. Stereoselective synthesis of protected 3-amino-3,6-dideoxyaminosugars. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6395-403. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Umegawa Y, Nakagawa Y, Tahara K, Tsuchikawa H, Matsumori N, Oishi T, Murata M. Head-to-tail interaction between amphotericin B and ergosterol occurs in hydrated phospholipid membrane. Biochemistry 2011; 51:83-9. [PMID: 22129239 DOI: 10.1021/bi2012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is thought to exert its antifungal activity by forming an ion-channel assembly in the presence of ergosterol. In the present study we aimed to elucidate the mode of molecular interactions between AmB and ergosterol in hydrated phospholipid bilayers using the rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) spectra. We first performed (13)C{(19)F}REDOR experiments with C14-(19)F-labeled AmB and biosynthetically (13)C-labeled ergosterol and implied that both "head-to-head" and "head-to-tail" orientations occur for AmB-ergosterol interaction in the bilayers. To further confirm the "head-to-tail" pairing, (13)C-labeled ergosterol at the dimethyl terminus (C26/C27) was synthesized and subjected to the REDOR measurements. The spectra unambiguously demonstrated the presence of a "head-to-tail" orientation for AmB-ergosterol pairing. In order to obtain information on the position of the dimethyl terminus of ergosterol in membrane, (13)C{(31)P}REDOR were carried out using the labeled ergosterol and the phosphorus atom of a POPC headgroup. Significant REDOR dephasing was observed at the C26/C27 signal of ergosterol in the presence of AmB, but not in the absence of AmB, clearly indicating that the side-chain terminus of ergosterol in the AmB complex comes close to the bilayer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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42
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Gagoś M, Arczewska M. Influence of K+ and Na+ Ions on the Aggregation Processes of Antibiotic Amphotericin B: Electronic Absorption and FTIR Spectroscopic Studies. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:3185-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Arczewska
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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43
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Synthesis-enabled functional group deletions reveal key underpinnings of amphotericin B ion channel and antifungal activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6733-8. [PMID: 21368185 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015023108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B is the archetype for small molecules that form transmembrane ion channels. However, despite extensive study for more than five decades, even the most basic features of this channel structure and its contributions to the antifungal activities of this natural product have remained unclear. We herein report that a powerful series of functional group-deficient probes have revealed many key underpinnings of the ion channel and antifungal activities of amphotericin B. Specifically, in stark contrast to two leading models, polar interactions between mycosamine and carboxylic acid appendages on neighboring amphotericin B molecules are not required for ion channel formation, nor are these functional groups required for binding to phospholipid bilayers. Alternatively, consistent with a previously unconfirmed third hypothesis, the mycosamine sugar is strictly required for promoting a direct binding interaction between amphotericin B and ergosterol. The same is true for cholesterol. Synthetically deleting this appendage also completely abolishes ion channel and antifungal activities. All of these results are consistent with the conclusion that a mycosamine-mediated direct binding interaction between amphotericin B and ergosterol is required for both forming ion channels and killing yeast cells. The enhanced understanding of amphotericin B function derived from these synthesis-enabled studies has helped set the stage for the more effective harnessing of the remarkable ion channel-forming capacity of this prototypical small molecule natural product.
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44
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Croatt MP, Carreira EM. Probing the role of the mycosamine C2'-OH on the activity of amphotericin B. Org Lett 2011; 13:1390-3. [PMID: 21322610 DOI: 10.1021/ol2000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route to a mycosamine donor was designed and provided access to a set of AmB derivatives targeted to probe the effect of the C2'-OH. It was determined that the configuration of the C2'-position is inconsequential but that O-methylation of this alcohol was deleterious to its mode of action. Additionally, the analog incorporating a mycosamine derivative from the enantiomeric series was devoid of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P Croatt
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Kasai Y, Matsumori N, Ueno H, Nonomura K, Yano S, Michio M, Oishi T. Synthesis of 6-F-ergosterol and its influence on membrane-permeabilization of amphotericin B and amphidinol 3. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1437-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Neumann A, Baginski M, Czub J. How Do Sterols Determine the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B? Free Energy of Binding between the Drug and Its Membrane Targets. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:18266-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1074344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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47
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Szpilman AM, Carreira EM. Probing the Biology of Natural Products: Molecular Editing by Diverted Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9592-628. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Szpilman AM, Carreira EM. Untersuchung der Biologie von Naturstoffen: systematische Strukturvariation durch umgelenkte Totalsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Spectroscopic studies of molecular organization of antibiotic amphotericin B in monolayers and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipid multibilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:2124-30. [PMID: 20699086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is considered the gold-standard in the treatment of serious systemic mycoses despite its numerous adverse effects. Both the mechanism of antifungal action and the toxicity of this drug are dependent on its molecular organization. The effect of AmB on the organization of lipid membranes formed with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was studied with application of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The aim of this research was to analyze the physical interactions leading to the formation of aggregated forms of AmB molecules in one-component monolayers and lipid multibilayers. Analysis of FTIR spectra of two-component multibilayers suggests the possibility the mutual reorientation of the amino-sugar moiety (mycosamine) and macrolide ring. This effect may be significant in the explanation of the aggregation processes of AmB in biological systems.
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50
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Neumann A, Czub J, Baginski M. On the possibility of the amphotericin B-sterol complex formation in cholesterol- and ergosterol-containing lipid bilayers: a molecular dynamics study. J Phys Chem B 2010; 113:15875-85. [PMID: 19929013 DOI: 10.1021/jp905133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a well-known membrane-active antibiotic that has been used to treat systemic fungal infections for more than 45 years. Therapeutic application of AmB is based on the fact that it is more active against ergosterol-containing membranes of fungal cells than against mammalian membranes with cholesterol. In this paper, we examine the hypothesis according to which the selectivity of the AmB's membrane action originates from its different ability to form the binary complexes with the relevant sterols. To this end, molecular dynamics simulations were performed for systems containing the preformed models of AmB/sterol complexes embedded in lipid bilayers containing either cholesterol or ergosterol. The initial structures of the studied binary associates were selected on the basis of a systematic scan of all possible mutual positions and orientations of the two molecules. The results obtained demonstrate that in general the complexes with ergosterol are more stable on the 100 ns time scale. Furthermore, on the basis of motional correlation analysis, taking into account the effects of lipid environment, we propose that, within the sterol-enriched liquid-ordered membrane phases, AmB molecules exhibit a greater tendency to bind ergosterol than cholesterol. The analysis of the interactions suggests that this affinity difference is of enthalpic origin and may arise from the considerable difference in the energy of the van der Waals interactions between AmB and the two types of sterols. Thus, our current results: (i) support the hypothesis that binary AmB/sterol complexes form within a lipid membrane and (ii) suggest that the higher toxicity may at least partly be attributed to the higher affinity of AmB for ergosterol than for cholesterol within a lipid membrane environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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