1
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Gust D, Scholz M, Schumacher V, Mulatier JC, Pitrat D, Guy L, Oum K, Lenzer T. Annealing temperature-dependent induced supramolecular chiroptical response of copolymer thin films studied by pump-modulated transient circular dichroism spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12694. [PMID: 38830981 PMCID: PMC11148131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Copolymer thin films showing induced supramolecular chirality are of considerable interest for optoelectronic applications such as organic light-emitting diodes. Here, we introduce a new helicene-like chiral additive with two octyloxy substituents which displays excellent chiral induction properties in an achiral polyfluorene copolymer, leading to a circular dichroism (CD) response of up to 10,000 mdeg. This chiral inducer also displays very good thermal stability, which enables us to perform an extended study on the induced chiroptical properties of the cholesteric copolymer thin films annealed at different temperatures in the range 140-260 °C. Starting from about 180 °C, a distinct change in the morphology of the CD-active film is observed by CD microscopy, from micrometre-size granular to extended CD-active regions, where the latter ones display skewed distributions of the dissymmetry parameter gabs. Broadband Müller matrix spectroscopy finds a pronounced CD and circular birefringence (CB) response and only weak linear dichroism (LD, LD') and linear birefringence (LB, LB'). Ultrafast transient CD spectroscopy with randomly polarised excitation reveals a clean mirror-image-type transient response, which shows a second-order decay of the S1 population due to singlet-singlet annihilation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Gust
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mirko Scholz
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Vivien Schumacher
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Mulatier
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Pitrat
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Guy
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Kawon Oum
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
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2
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Cheng J, Jiang R, Shan Y, Sun H, Kanehashi S, Ogino K. Synthesis and Electron Transporting Properties of Diblock Copolymers Consisting of Polyfluorene and Polystyrene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2694. [PMID: 38893958 PMCID: PMC11174037 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) (PFO) is a promising material for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) due to its advantageous properties. To enhance its electron transporting capabilities, diblock polymers were synthesized by attaching polystyrene (PSt) chains of varying lengths to one end of the PFO molecule. In a comparative study with PFO homopolymer, the diblock polymers maintained similar thermal properties, absorption spectra, and photoluminescent stability, while exhibiting slightly deeper lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels and higher crystallinity. Notably, diblock polymers with shorter polystyrene blocks demonstrated higher electron mobility than the PFO homopolymer and diblock polymers with excessively long polystyrene blocks. These findings suggest that the optimal chain length of the polystyrene block is crucial for maximizing electron mobility, thus offering valuable insights for designing high-performance PLED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan;
| | - Ruoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China; (J.C.)
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan;
| | - Yuhua Shan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Zhejiang Fenghong New-Material Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Shinji Kanehashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan;
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan;
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
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3
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Zhang Y, Xu C, Wang P, Gao C, Li W, Ni Z, Han Y, Zhao Y, Geng Y, Wang Z, Hu W, Dong H. Universal Design and Efficient Synthesis for High Ambipolar Mobility Emissive Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319997. [PMID: 38499464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High ambipolar mobility emissive conjugated polymers (HAME-CPs) are perfect candidates for organic optoelectronic devices, such as polymer light emitting transistors. However, due to intrinsic trade-off relationship between high ambipolar mobility and strong solid-state luminescence, the development of HAME-CPs suffers from high structural and synthetic complexity. Herein, a universal design principle and simple synthetic approach for HAME-CPs are developed. A series of simple non-fused polymers composed of charge transfer units, π bridges and emissive units are synthesized via a two-step microwave assisted C-H arylation and direct arylation polymerization protocol with high total yields up to 61 %. The synthetic protocol is verified valid among 7 monomers and 8 polymers. Most importantly, all 8 conjugated polymers have strong solid-state emission with high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 24 %. Furthermore, 4 polymers exhibit high ambipolar field effect mobility up to 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1, and can be used in multifunctional optoelectronic devices. This work opens a new avenue for developing HAME-CPs by efficient synthesis and rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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4
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Tran DK, West SM, Guo J, Chen SE, Ginger DS, Jenekhe SA. Chain Length Dependence of Electron Transport in an n-Type Conjugated Polymer with a Rigid-Rod Chain Topology. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1435-1446. [PMID: 38174986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Most currently known n-type conjugated polymers have a semiflexible chain topology, and their charge carrier mobilities are known to peak at modest chain lengths of below 40-60 repeat units. Herein, we show that the field-effect electron mobility of a model n-type conjugated polymer that has a rigid-rod chain topology grows continuously without saturation, even at a chain length exceeding 250 repeat units. We found the mechanism underlying the novel chain length-dependent electron transport to originate from the reduced structural disorder and energetic disorder with the increasing degree of polymerization inherent to the rigid-rod chain topology. Furthermore, we demonstrate a unique chain length-dependent decay of threshold voltage, which is rationalized by decreased trap densities and trap depths with respect to the degree of polymerization. Our findings provide new insights into the role of polymer chain topology in electron transport and demonstrate the promise of rigid-rod chain architectures for the design of future high-mobility conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen K Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sarah M West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiajie Guo
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shinya E Chen
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samson A Jenekhe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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5
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Xu M, Wei C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu B, Lin J, Yu M, Xie L, Huang W. Coplanar Conformational Structure of π-Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301671. [PMID: 37364981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structure of conjugated polymers is critical to dominating their optoelectronic properties and applications. Compared to nonplanar conformational segments, coplanar conformational segments of conjugated polymers (CPs) demonstrate favorable properties for applications as a semiconductor. Herein, recent developments in the coplanar conformational structure of CPs for optoelectronic devices are summarized. First, this review comprehensively summarizes the unique properties of planar conformational structures. Second, the characteristics of the coplanar conformation in terms of optoelectrical properties and other polymer physics characteristics are emphasized. Five primary characterization methods for investigating the complanate backbone structures are illustrated, providing a systematical toolbox for studying this specific conformation. Third, internal and external conditions for inducing the coplanar conformational structure are presented, offering guidelines for designing this conformation. Fourth, the optoelectronic applications of this segment, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and field-effect transistors, are briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the coplanar conformational segment regarding molecular design and applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Li X, Guan J, Shen C, Yu Z, Zheng J. Direct observation of conformations of a high-mobility n-type low-bandgap copolymer in solutions and solid films. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064202. [PMID: 36792510 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation morphologies of conjugated polymers in solutions and solid films are important for their optoelectronic applications. Due to the amorphous state of the polymers, it remains a great challenge to determine their conformations in either liquids or solids. Herein, a ps/fs synchronized 2D IR technique is applied to investigate the molecular conformations of a high-mobility n-type low-bandgap copolymer, N2200, dissolved in CHCl3 and CCl4, and in solid films cast from both solutions by the vibrational cross-angle method. In CCl4, the polymer forms more aggregates and folds more and the backbone dihedral angle of C-C(NDI)/C-S(Thiophene) of its average conformation is about 10° more distorted than that in CHCl3 and the most stable conformation for a free molecule. Anti-intuitively, the solid films cast from both solutions have the same molecular conformation, and the conformation is similar to that of the polar CHCl3 rather than the conformation of the less polar CCl4. The results imply that the interaction between the polymer backbones is probably stronger than its interaction with CCl4, which can naturally guide the rearrangement of polymer chains during the evaporation of solvent molecules. This work also implies that the balance and competition between the polymer/polymer interaction and the polymer/solvent interaction seem to be the dominant factors responsible for what morphology can form in a solid film cast from solution. It is not always true that different molecular conformations must exist in solid films grown from different solutions with different polarity or different extents of aggregates with different conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengzhen Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Gioti M, Tselekidou D, Foris V, Kyriazopoulos V, Papadopoulos K, Kassavetis S, Logothetidis S. Influence of Dopant Concentration and Annealing on Binary and Ternary Polymer Blends for Active Materials in OLEDs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4099. [PMID: 36432386 PMCID: PMC9699568 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining white light from organic LEDs is a considerable challenge and, to realize white light emission, many studies have been conducted, primarily addressing two- or three-color blend systems as a promising strategy. In this work, pristine films, grown by spin coating, consisting of commercial blue Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO), green Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), and red spiro-copolymer (SPR) light-emitting materials, were studied as reference materials. Afterward, binary (SPR doped in host PFO) and ternary (SPR and F8BT doped in host PFO) thin films were successfully prepared with various ratios. The characterization of the as-grown and thermally-treated blend films was focused on their optical and photophysical properties. After, the fabrication of OLED devices on glass substrates was carried out for the evaluation of a blend's composition and annealing in terms of the devices' electrical characteristics and electro-emission properties in order to achieve white light emission. Their analysis provided insights into the energy transfer mechanisms between the constituent materials, which were correlated to host-guest interactions as well as to the structural changes originated by thermal treatment, leading to the crystallization of PFO. Finally, the OLEDs based on ternary blends approach the white light emission with (x, y) of (0.272, 0.346). These fabricated devices also exhibit turn-on voltages as low as 3 V, accompanied by remarkable luminance values above 3000 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gioti
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Tselekidou
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Foris
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Kyriazopoulos
- Organic Electronic Technologies P.C. (OET), 20th KM Thessaloniki—Tagarades, GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Kyparisis Papadopoulos
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyros Kassavetis
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios Logothetidis
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Organic Electronic Technologies P.C. (OET), 20th KM Thessaloniki—Tagarades, GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
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9
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Ziolek RM, Santana-Bonilla A, López-Ríos de Castro R, Kühn R, Green M, Lorenz CD. Conformational Heterogeneity and Interchain Percolation Revealed in an Amorphous Conjugated Polymer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14432-14442. [PMID: 36103148 PMCID: PMC9527807 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are employed in a variety of application areas due to their bright fluorescence and strong biocompatibility. However, understanding the structure of amorphous conjugated polymers on the nanoscale is extremely challenging compared to their related crystalline phases. Using a bespoke classical force field, we study amorphous poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) with molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the role that its nanoscale structure plays in controlling its emergent (and all-important) optical properties. Notably, we show that a giant percolating cluster exists within amorphous F8BT, which has ramifications in understanding the nature of interchain species that drive the quantum yield reduction and bathochromic shift observed in conjugated polymer-based devices and nanostructures. We also show that distinct conformations can be unravelled from within the disordered structure of amorphous F8BT using a two-stage machine learning protocol, highlighting a link between molecular conformation and ring stacking propensity. This work provides predictive understanding by which to enhance the optical properties of next-generation conjugated polymer-based devices and materials by rational, simulation-led design principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Ziolek
- Biological
Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raquel López-Ríos de Castro
- Biological
Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, King’s College London, London, SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Reimer Kühn
- Department
of Mathematics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Green
- Photonics
and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United
Kingdom
| | - Christian D. Lorenz
- Biological
Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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10
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Tang L, McNeill CR. Capturing the Phase Transformation and Thermal Behavior of P(NDI2OD-T2) with In Situ Grazing Incidence WAXS. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher Robert McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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11
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Zhang C, Xu C, Chen C, Cheng J, Zhang H, Ni F, Wang X, Zou G, Qiu L. Optically Programmable Circularly Polarized Photodetector. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12452-12461. [PMID: 35938975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The detection of circularly polarized light (CPL) has aroused wide attention from both the scientific and industrial communities. However, from the optical activity of the chiral layer in the conventional CPL photodetectors, the sign inversion property is difficult to be achieved. As a result, great challenges arise during the preparation of miniaturized and integrated devices for tunable CPL detection applications. Along these lines, in this work, by taking advantage of the CPL-induced chirality characteristics of the achiral poly(9,9-di-n-hexylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F6BT) and the good crystalline and electrical properties of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film, an optically programmable CPL photodetector was fabricated. Interestingly, the device exhibited excellent discrimination between left- and right-handed CPL, while the maximum anisotropy factor of responsivity was 0.425. On top of that, the rigorously controlled chirality of the F6BT and the capability to be switched by the handedness of CPL was leveraged to realize the switchable detection of both L-CPL and R-CPL. Furthermore, a CPL photodetector array was fabricated, and the image processing and cryptographic characteristics were demonstrated. The proposed device configuration can find application in various scientific fields, including photonics, emission, conversion, or sensing with CPL but also is anticipated to play a key role for imaging and anticounterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chenyin Xu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Cuifen Chen
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Ni
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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12
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Yan J, Rodríguez-Martínez X, Pearce D, Douglas H, Bili D, Azzouzi M, Eisner F, Virbule A, Rezasoltani E, Belova V, Dörling B, Few S, Szumska AA, Hou X, Zhang G, Yip HL, Campoy-Quiles M, Nelson J. Identifying structure-absorption relationships and predicting absorption strength of non-fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2022; 15:2958-2973. [PMID: 35923416 PMCID: PMC9277517 DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are excellent light harvesters, yet the origin of their high optical extinction is not well understood. In this work, we investigate the absorption strength of NFAs by building a database of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations of ∼500 π-conjugated molecules. The calculations are first validated by comparison with experimental measurements in solution and solid state using common fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors. We find that the molar extinction coefficient (ε d,max) shows reasonable agreement between calculation in vacuum and experiment for molecules in solution, highlighting the effectiveness of TDDFT for predicting optical properties of organic π-conjugated molecules. We then perform a statistical analysis based on molecular descriptors to identify which features are important in defining the absorption strength. This allows us to identify structural features that are correlated with high absorption strength in NFAs and could be used to guide molecular design: highly absorbing NFAs should possess a planar, linear, and fully conjugated molecular backbone with highly polarisable heteroatoms. We then exploit a random decision forest algorithm to draw predictions for ε d,max using a computational framework based on extended tight-binding Hamiltonians, which shows reasonable predicting accuracy with lower computational cost than TDDFT. This work provides a general understanding of the relationship between molecular structure and absorption strength in π-conjugated organic molecules, including NFAs, while introducing predictive machine-learning models of low computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Xabier Rodríguez-Martínez
- Electronic and Photonic Materials (EFM), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University Linköping SE 581 83 Sweden
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Drew Pearce
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Hana Douglas
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Danai Bili
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Flurin Eisner
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Alise Virbule
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | | | - Valentina Belova
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Bernhard Dörling
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Sheridan Few
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Anna A Szumska
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Xueyan Hou
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Guichuan Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
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13
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Xue W, Yan H, He Y, Wu L, Zhang X, Wu Y, Xu J, He J, Yan C, Meng H. Identifying the Molecular Origins of Green BN‐TADF Material Degradation and Device Stability via in situ Raman Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201006. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangjuan Xue
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yaowu He
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Lijie Wu
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Xinkang Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wu
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Xu
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Junpeng He
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Chaoyi Yan
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
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14
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Zhu J, Liu Y, Huang S, Wen S, Bao X, Cai M, Li J. Impact of backbone linkage positions on the molecular aggregation behavior of polymer photovoltaic materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17462-17470. [PMID: 35670087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is imperative to advance the structural design of conjugated materials to achieve a practical impact on the performance of photovoltaic devices. However, the effect of the linkage positions (meta-, para-) of the backbone on the molecular packing has been relatively little explored. In this study, we have synthesized two wide-bandgap polymer photovoltaic materials from identical monomers with different linkage positions, using dibenzo[c,h][2,6]-naphthyridine-5,11-(6H,12H)-dione (DBND) as the building block. This study shows that the para-connected polymer exhibits an unexpected 0.2 eV higher ionization potential and a resultant higher open-circuit voltage than the meta-connected counterpart. We found that different linkage positions result in different intermolecular binding energies and molecular aggregation conformations, leading to different HOMO energy levels and photovoltaic performances. Specifically, theoretical calculations and 2D-NMR indicate that P(p-DBND-f-2T) performs a segregated stacking of f-2T and DBND units, while P(m-DBND-f-2T) films form π-overlaps between f-2T and DBND. These results show that linkage position adjustment on the polymeric backbone exerts a profound influence on the molecular aggregation of the materials. Also, the effect of isomerism on the polymer backbone is crucial in designing polymer structures for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China. .,Research and Development Center of Aluminum-ion Battery, College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuguang Wen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mian Cai
- Research and Development Center of Aluminum-ion Battery, College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Jingwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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15
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Hamilton I, Suh M, Bailey J, Bradley DDC, Kim JS. Optimizing Interfacial Energetics for Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Electron Injection Layers in High Efficiency and Fast Responding Polymer Light Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24668-24680. [PMID: 35583466 PMCID: PMC9164195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the π-conjugated backbone structure of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) for use as electron injection layers (EILs) in polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) has previously brought conflicted results in the literature in terms of device efficiency and turn-on response time. Herein, we determine the energetics at the CPE and the light emitting polymer (LEP) interface as a key factor for PLED device performance. By varying the conjugated backbone structure of both the LEP and CPE, we control the nature of the CPE/LEP interface in terms of optical energy gap offset, interfacial energy level offset, and location of the electron-hole recombination zone. We use a wide gap CPE with a shallow LUMO (F8im-Br) and one with a smaller gap and deeper LUMO (F8imBT-Br), in combination with three different LEPs. We find that the formation of a type II heterojunction at the CPE/LEP interfaces causes interfacial luminance quenching, which is responsible for poor efficiency in PLED devices. The effect is exacerbated with increased energy level offset from ionic rearrangement and hole accumulation occurring near the CPE/LEP interface. However, a deep CPE LUMO is found to be beneficial for fast current and luminance turn-on times of devices. This work provides important CPE molecular design rules for EIL use, offering progress toward a universal PLED-compatible CPE that can simultaneously deliver high efficiency and fast response times. In particular, engineering the LUMO position to be deep enough for fast device turn-on while avoiding the creation of a large energy level offset at the CPE/LEP interface is shown to be highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hamilton
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955−6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Minwon Suh
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Bailey
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Donal D. C. Bradley
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955−6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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16
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Wang S, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yu X, Tian H, Han Y. Increasing the Charge Transport of P(NDI2OD-T2) by Improving the Polarization of the NDI2OD Unit along the Backbone Direction and Preaggregation via H-Bonding. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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17
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Thickness Dependence of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of F8BT Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030641. [PMID: 35160630 PMCID: PMC8838540 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic devices based on polymer thin films have experienced a tremendous increase in their efficiency in the last two decades. One of the critical factors that affects the efficiency of polymer solar cells or light emitting devices is the presence of structural defects that controls non-radiative recombination. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate a non-trivial thickness dependence of optoelectronic properties and structure (dis)order in thin conductive poly(9,9-dioctyfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole), F8BT, polymer films. The UV-Vis absorption spectra exhibited blue shift and peak broadening; significant changes in 0–0 and 0–1 radiative transition intensity was found in photoluminescence emission spectra. The density of state (DOS) was directly mapped by energy resolved-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ER-EIS). Satellite states 0.5 eV below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) band were revealed for the thinner polymer films. Moreover, the decreasing of the deep states density in the band gap manifested an increment in the material structural ordering with increasing thickness. Changes in the ratio between crystalline phases with face-on and edge-on orientation of F8BT chains were identified in the films by grazing-incidence wide angle X-ray scattering technique. A thickness threshold in all investigated aspects of the films at a thickness of about 100 nm was observed that can be attributed to the development of J-H aggregation in the film structure and mutual interplay between these two modes. Although a specific structure–property relationship thickness threshold value may be expected for thin films prepared from various polymers, solvents and under different process conditions, the value of about 100 nm can be generally considered as the characteristic length scale of this phenomenon.
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18
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Yan H, Tseng TW, Omagari S, Hamilton I, Nakamura T, Vacha M, Kim JS. Dynamic Molecular Conformational Change Leading to Energy Transfer in F8-5% BSP Copolymer Revealed by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074704. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School School of Advanced Materials, China
| | - Tzu-Wei Tseng
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Japan
| | - Shun Omagari
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Japan
| | - Iain Hamilton
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology - Ookayama Campus, Japan
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Physics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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19
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Guo X, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Yang J, Li Y, Ni Z, Dong H, Hu W. Molecular Weight Engineering in High‐Performance Ambipolar Emissive Mesopolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yang Li
- Normal College Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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20
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Guo X, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Yang J, Li Y, Ni Z, Dong H, Hu W. Molecular Weight Engineering in High-Performance Ambipolar Emissive Mesopolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14902-14908. [PMID: 33908682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesopolymers with high solubility, free of structural defects, and negligible batch-to-batch variation open a new avenue for organic optoelectronics. Organic light emitting transistors that combine the functions of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. However, charge transport ability and light emitting strength are contradictory within one conjugated polymer. Herein, three low-molecular-weight mesopolymers with thienopyrroledione-benzothiadiazole repeating units (meso-TBTF) were obtained. The mesopolymers show strong solid-state emission and high ambipolar carrier mobility. The molecular weights of meso-TBTF can be tuned by polymerization temperature. The mesopolymers have photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of about 50 % in solution and 10 % in solid state. Polymer light emitting diodes of this material are fabricated to explore its potential use in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Li
- Normal College, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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21
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Yuan D, Awais MA, Sharapov V, Liu X, Neshchadin A, Chen W, Yu L. Synergy between Photoluminescence and Charge Transport Achieved by Finely Tuning Polymeric Backbones for Efficient Light-Emitting Transistor. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5239-5246. [PMID: 33755466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lack of design principle for developing high-performance polymer materials displaying strong fluorescence and high ambipolar charge mobilities limited their performance in organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), electrically pumped organic laser, and other advanced electronic devices. A series of semiladder polymers by copolymerization of weak acceptors (TPTQ or TPTI) and weak donors (fluorene (F) or carbazole (C)) have been developed for luminescent and charge transporting properties. It was found that enhanced planarity, high crystallinity, and a delicate balance in interchain aggregation obtained in the new copolymer, TPTQ-F, contributed to high ambipolar charge mobilities and photoluminescent quantum yield. TPTQ-F showed excellent performance in solution-processed multilayered OLET devices with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mohammad A Awais
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Valerii Sharapov
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xunshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andriy Neshchadin
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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22
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Zhao F, Filbrun SL, Huang T, Dong B, Fang N. Multiscale Evolution of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Active Layers under Thermal Stress. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1232-1236. [PMID: 33331762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multimodality spectromicroscopy imaging system has been developed to offer the essential capability of in situ characterization of functional materials at multiple length scales during the morphology evolution and phase development under external stimuli. The photoactive layer of bulk heterojunction solar cell, whose performance is strongly correlated to the structural features over a wide range of length scales, was characterized under thermal stress. Three stages of thermotropic evolution were monitored continuously by the spectromicroscopy imaging system to reveal the critical information from the molecular level to meso- and microscale. The optimized thermal annealing temperature window and preferred temperature dropping operation were identified to promote the performance of the photoactive layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Seth L Filbrun
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Tengxiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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23
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Wang B, Ye H, Riede M, Bradley DDC. Chain Conformation Control of Fluorene-Benzothiadiazole Copolymer Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency and Lifetime. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2919-2931. [PMID: 33411508 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The β-phase, in which the intermonomer torsion angle of a fraction of chain segments approaches ∼180°, is an intriguing conformational microstructure of the widely studied light-emitting polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO). Its generation can in turn be used to significantly improve the performance of PFO emission-layer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we report the generation of β-phase chain segments in a copolymer, 90F8:10BT, containing 90% 9,9-dioctylfluorene (F8) and 10% 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) units and show that significant improvements in performance also ensue for LEDs with β-phase 90F8:10BT emission layers, generalizing the earlier PFO results. The β-phase was induced by both solvent vapor annealing and dipping copolymer thin films into a solvent/nonsolvent mixture. Subsequent absorption spectra show the characteristic fluorene β-phase peak at ∼435 nm, but luminescence spectra (∼530 nm peak) and quantum yields barely change, with the emission arising following efficient energy transfer to the lowest-lying excited states localized in the vicinity of the BT units. For ∼5% β-phase chain segment fraction relative to 0% β-phase, the LED luminance at 10 V increased by ∼25% to 5940 cd m-2, the maximum external quantum efficiency by ∼61 to 1.91%, and the operational stability from 64% luminance retention after 20 h of operation to 90%. Detailed studies addressing the underlying device physics identify a reduced hole injection barrier, higher hole mobility, correspondingly more balanced electron and hole charge transport, and decreased carrier trapping as the dominant factors. These results confirm the effectiveness of chain conformation control for fluorene-based homo- and copolymer device optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Wang
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Hao Ye
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Moritz Riede
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Sosa ML, Wong CY. Revealing the evolving mixture of molecular aggregates during organic film formation using simulations of in situ absorbance. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:214902. [PMID: 33291921 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a method for modeling the evolving absorbance spectrum of an organic molecule, pseudoisocyanine (PIC), measured during the process of molecular aggregation. Despite being historically considered a J-aggregate, we find that the absorbance spectrum of PIC cannot be adequately modeled using solely J-aggregates either during molecular aggregation or in the final dry film. The collection of absorbance spectra during solution-casting is particularly difficult since a distribution of aggregates with various sizes and structures can coexist. Here, spectra measured during film formation are fit to a weighted sum of simulated spectra of two aggregate species, revealing the combinations of Coulombic coupling values, Huang-Rhys parameters, and aggregate sizes that provide good fits to measured spectra. The peak intensity ratios and relative peak positions are highly sensitive to the aggregate structure, and fitting only these features enables the rapid comparison of aggregate combinations. We find that the spectra of PIC aggregates cannot be modeled using the Huang-Rhys factor of the PIC monomer, as is typically assumed, leading us to consider models that utilize independent Huang-Rhys factors for each aggregate species. This method of fitting only the key spectral features allows an experimental spectrum to be modeled within 1 h-2 h when using a single Huang-Rhys factor, making the simulation of a series of in situ measurements during aggregation computationally feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Sosa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Cathy Y Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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25
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Sakata T, Kajiya D, Saitow KI. Brush Printing Creates Polarized Green Fluorescence: 3D Orientation Mapping and Stochastic Analysis of Conductive Polymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46598-46608. [PMID: 32985860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brush printing is a unique method used to obtain uniaxially oriented films, whereby a polymer solution is brushed onto a substrate. However, there have been only a few reports on the brush-printing method. Here, we report the preparation of a uniaxially oriented film of a green light-emitting conductive polymer, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT). The fluorescence polarization ratio of the oriented F8BT films was as high as 11.3, and the average orientation factor reached 0.74 ± 0.06. The orientation factor and the torsion angle of F8BT were visualized by two mappings of fluorescence and Raman spectral measurements by confocal spectromicroscopy, respectively. These two x-y mapping data with many pixels (∼750 pixels) were evaluated by x-y-z mapping of the film thickness at a single position and were used to reveal the three-dimensional (3D) orientation mechanism from a stochastic approach. Polarized green fluorescence originates from polymer chains uniaxially oriented along the brush direction. The high orientation for a film thickness < 100 nm is established by shear stress, faster capillary flow, and flow-induced chain extension for a thin solution film on a substrate. The high orientation factor was also demonstrated by a high brushing speed, whereas an optimized brushing speed existed. We found that this optimization is attributed to the property of a non-Newtonian fluid. By applying this brush-printing method to the fabrication of an optoelectrical device, polarized green electroluminescence was preliminarily demonstrated by the OLED assembled from an oriented F8BT film.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Kajiya
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Saitow
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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26
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Wan L, Wade J, Shi X, Xu S, Fuchter MJ, Campbell AJ. Highly Efficient Inverted Circularly Polarized Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39471-39478. [PMID: 32805911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized (CP) electroluminescence has been demonstrated as a strategy to improve the performance of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. CP emission can be generated from both small-molecule and polymer OLEDs (SM-OLEDs and PLEDs), but to date, these devices suffer from low dissymmetry factors (g-factor < 0.1), poor device performance, or a combination of the two. Here, we demonstrate the first CP-PLED employing an inverted device architecture. Through this approach, we demonstrate a highly efficient CP-PLED, with a current efficiency of 16.4 cd/A, a power efficiency of 16.6 lm/W, a maximum luminance of over 28,500 cd/m2, and a high EL dissymmetry (gEL) of 0.57. We find that the handedness of the emitted light is sensitive to the PLED device architecture: the sign of CP-EL from an identically prepared active layer reverses between inverted and conventional devices. The inverted structure affords the first demonstration of CP-PLEDs exhibiting both high efficiency and high dissymmetry-the two figures of merit which, until now, have been difficult to achieve at the same time. We also highlight device architecture and associated internal electric field to be a previously unexplored means to control the handedness of CP emission. Our findings significantly broaden the versatility of CP emissive devices and should enable their further application in a variety of other CP-dependent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Shengda Xu
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alasdair J Campbell
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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27
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Sachs M, Cha H, Kosco J, Aitchison CM, Francàs L, Corby S, Chiang CL, Wilson AA, Godin R, Fahey-Williams A, Cooper AI, Sprick RS, McCulloch I, Durrant JR. Tracking Charge Transfer to Residual Metal Clusters in Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14574-14587. [PMID: 32786800 PMCID: PMC7497637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Semiconducting polymers are versatile
materials for solar energy
conversion and have gained popularity as photocatalysts for sunlight-driven
hydrogen production. Organic polymers often contain residual metal
impurities such as palladium (Pd) clusters that are formed during
the polymerization reaction, and there is increasing evidence for
a catalytic role of such metal clusters in polymer photocatalysts.
Using transient and operando optical spectroscopy on nanoparticles
of F8BT, P3HT, and the dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone
homopolymer P10, we demonstrate how differences in the time scale
of electron transfer to Pd clusters translate into hydrogen evolution
activity optima at different residual Pd concentrations. For F8BT
nanoparticles with common Pd concentrations of >1000 ppm (>0.1
wt
%), we find that residual Pd clusters quench photogenerated excitons
via energy and electron transfer on the femto-nanosecond time scale,
thus outcompeting reductive quenching. We spectroscopically identify
reduced Pd clusters in our F8BT nanoparticles from the microsecond
time scale onward and show that the predominant location of long-lived
electrons gradually shifts to the F8BT polymer when the Pd content
is lowered. While a low yield of long-lived electrons limits the hydrogen
evolution activity of F8BT, P10 exhibits a substantially higher hydrogen
evolution activity, which we demonstrate results from higher yields
of long-lived electrons due to more efficient reductive quenching.
Surprisingly, and despite the higher performance of P10, long-lived
electrons reside on the P10 polymer rather than on the Pd clusters
in P10 particles, even at very high Pd concentrations of 27000 ppm
(2.7 wt %). In contrast, long-lived electrons in F8BT already reside
on Pd clusters before the typical time scale of hydrogen evolution.
This comparison shows that P10 exhibits efficient reductive quenching
but slow electron transfer to residual Pd clusters, whereas the opposite
is the case for F8BT. These findings suggest that the development
of even more efficient polymer photocatalysts must target materials
that combine both rapid reductive quenching and rapid charge transfer
to a metal-based cocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sachs
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Jan Kosco
- Department of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar Centre (KSC) 4700 KAUST, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine M Aitchison
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Laia Francàs
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Sacha Corby
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Chao-Lung Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Anna A Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alexander Fahey-Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar Centre (KSC) 4700 KAUST, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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28
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Mamada M, Komatsu R, Adachi C. F8BT Oligomers for Organic Solid-State Lasers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28383-28391. [PMID: 32453542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The yellow-green emissive poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) polymer is widely used because of its suitability for a variety of applications. However, we have found that F8BT shows huge performance variations that depend on the chemical supplier, with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) ranging from 7 to 60% in neat films. Polymers generally face problems including purity, polydispersity, and reproducibility, which also affect F8BT polymers. Therefore, to overcome these problems, we investigated oligomers of F8BT, which can easily be purified and can thus be obtained in a high-purity form. In the three oligomers (M1-M3) that we synthesized, the PLQYs were much higher than those of conventional F8BT (>80% in their neat films) although their PL spectra were nearly the same as that of F8BT, and their amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds were lower than that of the polymer (e.g., 1.9 μJ cm-2 for M3 and 2.7 μJ cm-2 for F8BT) because of a higher net gain and better film morphology. Furthermore, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies of the oligomers were found to be similar to those of F8BT, making them candidate materials for use as hosts in light-emitting devices. The ASE using a near-infrared laser emitter doped in F8BT and oligomer hosts showed a clear difference despite nearly the same properties for steady-state emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project c/o Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Academia-Industry Molecular Systems for Devices Research and Education Center (AIMS), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Komatsu
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project c/o Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- ukuoka Industry-Academia Symphonicity (FiaS), 1-4-1, kyudaishinmachi, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project c/o Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Academia-Industry Molecular Systems for Devices Research and Education Center (AIMS), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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29
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Cong S, Creamer A, Fei Z, Hillman SAJ, Rapley C, Nelson J, Heeney M. Tunable Control of the Hydrophilicity and Wettability of Conjugated Polymers by a Postpolymerization Modification Approach. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000087. [PMID: 32537851 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A facile method to prepare hydrophilic polymers by a postpolymerization nucleophillic aromatic substitution reaction of fluoride on an emissive conjugated polymer (CP) backbone is reported. Quantitative functionalization by a series of monofunctionalized ethylene glycol oligomers, from dimer to hexamer, as well as with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol is demonstrated. The length of the ethylene glycol sidechains is shown to have a direct impact on the surface wettability of the polymer, as well as its solubility in polar solvents. However, the energetics and band gap of the CPs remain essentially constant. This method therefore allows an easy way to modulate the wettability and solubility of CP materials for a diverse series of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Cong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Adam Creamer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Sam A J Hillman
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charlotte Rapley
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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30
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Peng F, Zhong W, Zhong Z, Guo T, Ying L. Improving the Electroluminescent Performance of Blue Light-Emitting Polymers by Side-Chain Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8495-8502. [PMID: 32000485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blue light-emitting polymers are in urgent demand for new-generation display and solid-state lighting devices fabricated through low-cost wet processing. However, their current performances are far from satisfactory. Here, we developed a series of poly(fluorene-co-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxides) (PFSOs) bearing different alkyl chains, alkoxyphenyl chains, or both alkylaryl and alkoxyphenyl side chains. The introduction of alkoxyphenyl groups moderately enhanced the electron-donating ability of the polymers, leading to more balanced charge carrier fluxes. Meanwhile, asymmetric bulky side chains enabled more pronounced variation of molecular conformation while restraining the intermolecular aggregation of polymers, resulting in a lower refractive index, thus facilitating light extraction compared with polymers based on the same two alkyl or alkoxyphenyl side chains. Polymer light-emitting devices based on PFSO-BMD with asymmetric side chains exhibited a maximum luminous efficiency of 8.58 cd A-1, associated with pure blue Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.14, 0.14). These findings demonstrated that side-chain modification can be an effective strategy for developing efficient solution-processable blue light-emitting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Wenkai Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zhiming Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Ting Guo
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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31
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Zhang L, Zhao K, Li H, Zhang T, Liu D, Han Y. Liquid Crystal Ordering on Conjugated Polymers Film Morphology for High Performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
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32
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Wan L, Wade J, Salerno F, Arteaga O, Laidlaw B, Wang X, Penfold T, Fuchter MJ, Campbell AJ. Inverting the Handedness of Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Light-Emitting Polymers Using Film Thickness. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8099-8105. [PMID: 31241299 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The emission of circularly polarized light is central to many applications, including data storage, optical quantum computation, biosensing, environmental monitoring, and display technologies. An emerging method to induce (chiral) circularly polarized (CP) electroluminescence from the active layer of polymer light-emitting diodes (polymer OLEDs; PLEDs) involves blending achiral polymers with chiral small-molecule additives, where the handedness/sign of the CP light is controlled by the absolute stereochemistry of the small molecule. Through the in-depth study of such a system we report an interesting chiroptical property: the ability to tune the sign of CP light as a function of active layer thickness for a fixed enantiomer of the chiral additive. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve both efficient (4.0 cd/A) and bright (8000 cd/m2) CP-PLEDs, with high dissymmetry of emission of both left-handed (LH) and right-handed (RH) light, depending on thickness (thin films, 110 nm: gEL = 0.51, thick films, 160 nm: gEL = -1.05, with the terms "thick" and "thin" representing the upper and lower limits of the thickness regime studied), for the same additive enantiomer. We propose that this arises due to an interplay between localized CP emission originating from molecular chirality and CP light amplification or inversion through a chiral medium. We link morphological, spectroscopic, and electronic characterization in thin films and devices with theoretical studies in an effort to determine the factors that underpin these observations. Through the control of active layer thickness and device architecture, this study provides insights into the mechanisms that result in CP luminescence and high performance from CP-PLEDs, as well as demonstrating new opportunities in CP photonic device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of Physics and Centre of Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of Physics and Centre of Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Francesco Salerno
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub , Imperial College London , White City Campus, Wood Lane , London W12 OBZ , U.K
| | - Oriol Arteaga
- Departament de Física Aplicada , Universitat de Barcelona , IN2UB, Barcelona , 08028 , Spain
| | - Beth Laidlaw
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Xuhua Wang
- Department of Physics and Centre of Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Thomas Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub , Imperial College London , White City Campus, Wood Lane , London W12 OBZ , U.K
| | - Alasdair J Campbell
- Department of Physics and Centre of Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ , U.K
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33
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Du Y, Yao H, Galuska L, Ge F, Wang X, Lu H, Zhang G, Gu X, Qiu L. Side-Chain Engineering To Optimize the Charge Transport Properties of Isoindigo-Based Random Terpolymers for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States of America
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Femtosecond Optical Annealing Induced Polymer Melting and Formation of Solid Droplets. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010128. [PMID: 30960112 PMCID: PMC6402037 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses with polymeric thin films induced transient optical annealing of the polymer molecules. Melting of the polymer films took place during the transient annealing process, so that a solid-liquid-solid phase transition process was observed. Ultrafast cooling of the melting polymer produced solidified droplets. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization revealed that the polymer molecules were rearranged with preferable H-aggregation to reach the lowest formation energy during the melting process. Intermolecular coupling was enhanced due to the modified molecular arrangement. This observation of melting of polymeric semiconductors due to the interaction with femtosecond light pulses is potentially important for better understanding laser-matter interactions and for exploring organic optoelectronic devices through special material processing.
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35
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Zhang B, Cheng Y. Recent Advances in Conjugated TADF Polymer Featuring in Backbone‐Donor/Pendant‐Acceptor Structure: Material and Device Perspectives. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1624-1643. [PMID: 30511821 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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36
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Dey A, Kabra D. Role of Bimolecular Exciton Kinetics in Controlling the Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38287-38293. [PMID: 30298717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have carried out a spectroscopic investigation on the operational organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to determine the role of emission layer thickness on the optoelectronic performance of OLEDs based on a poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene- alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) copolymer system. Our study shows that delayed fluorescence (DF) via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) contributes significantly to boost the OLED efficiency through its fractional contribution. Interestingly, we note that DF contribution varies as a function of the emissive layer thickness. From the time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) and triplet absorption (under electrical excitation) studies, we have seen that the emissive layer thickness controls triplet exciton generation and decay processes. From TREL, we have also shown that singlet-triplet annihilation (STA) is the dominant fluorescence quenching mechanism in bulk of the emissive layer, whereas thinner devices have significant exciton quenching at the interface of the injection layer/F8BT. The strength of STA differs in thin versus thick samples, which has been correlated with the spectral & spatial overlap integral of singlet and triplet states. Hence, STA strength and triplet population density are critical parameters for an explanation of high efficiency in unusually thick F8BT OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Dey
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076 , India
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37
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Jiang Y, McNeill J. Superresolution mapping of energy landscape for single charge carriers in plastic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4314. [PMID: 30333490 PMCID: PMC6193038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of conjugated polymer devices is largely dictated by charge transport processes. However, it is difficult to obtain a clear relationship between conjugated polymer structures and charge transport properties, due to the complexity of the structure and the dispersive nature of charge transport in conjugated polymers. Here, we develop a method to map the energy landscape for charge transport in conjugated polymers based on simultaneous, correlated charge carrier tracking and single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. In nanoparticles of the conjugated polymer poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-1,4-benzo-{2,1′-3}-thiadiazole)], two dominant chain conformations were observed, a blue-emitting phase (λmax = 550 nm) and a red-emitting phase (λmax = 595 nm). Hole polarons were trapped within the red phase, only occasionally escaping into the blue phase. Polaron hopping between the red-emitting traps was observed, with transition time ranging from tens of milliseconds to several seconds. These results provide unprecedented nanoscale detail about charge transport at the single carrier level. To understand the complex nanoscale structure-property relationships in conjugated polymers for device applications, new methods for tracking charge transport are required. Here, the authors employ superresolution mapping to study the charge carrier dynamics in conjugated polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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38
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Ulrich SV, Sutch T, Szulczewski G, Schweizer M, Barbosa Neto NM, Araujo PT. Broadband polarized emission from P(NDI2OD-T2) polymer. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:265101. [PMID: 29775180 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the P(NDI2OD-T2) photophysical properties via absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, in association with the experimental approach baptized Stokes Spectroscopy, which provides valuable material information through the acquisition and analysis of the fluorescence polarization degree. By changing solvents and using different samples such as solutions, thick, and thin films, it is possible to control the polarization degree spectrum associated to the fluorescence emitted by the polymer's isolated chains and aggregates. We show that the polarization degree could become a powerful tool to obtain information related to the samples morphology, which is connected to their microscopic structure. Moreover, the polarization degree spectra suggest that depolarization effects linked to energy and charge transfer mechanisms are likely taking place. Our findings indicate that P(NDI2OD-T2) polymers are excellent candidates for the advancement of organic technologies that rely on the emission and detection of polarized lights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Ulrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America. Center for Information Technology (MINT), University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
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39
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Zhong Y, Biniek L, Leclerc N, Ferry S, Brinkmann M. Segregated versus Disordered Stacking in Two Low Bandgap Alternated Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications: Impact of Polymorphism on Optical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhong
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Laure Biniek
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Cedex 2 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Ferry
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Cedex 2 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
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40
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Liu Y, Wang F, Chen J, Wang X, Lu H, Qiu L, Zhang G. Improved Transistor Performance of Isoindigo-Based Conjugated Polymers by Chemically Blending Strongly Electron-Deficient Units with Low Content To Optimize Crystal Structure. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key
Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National
Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced
Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University
of Technology, and ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials
and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key
Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National
Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced
Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University
of Technology, and ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials
and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Key
Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National
Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced
Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University
of Technology, and ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials
and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Xianghua Wang
- Key
Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National
Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced
Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University
of Technology, and ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials
and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Hongbo Lu
- Key
Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National
Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced
Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University
of Technology, and ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials
and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- Key
Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National
Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced
Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University
of Technology, and ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials
and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Key
Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National
Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced
Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University
of Technology, and ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials
and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
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41
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Bai L, Liu B, Han Y, Yu M, Wang J, Zhang X, Ou C, Lin J, Zhu W, Xie L, Yin C, Zhao J, Wang J, Bradley DDC, Huang W. Steric-Hindrance-Functionalized Polydiarylfluorenes: Conformational Behavior, Stabilized Blue Electroluminescence, and Efficient Amplified Spontaneous Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37856-37863. [PMID: 28991431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Control of the hierarchical molecular organization of polydiarylfluorenes by synthetic strategies is significant for optimizing photophysical properties as well as the performance of light-emitting devices. Herein, for the suppression of molecular aggregation and enhancement of luminescence efficiency, a series of steric units were introduced into polydiarylfluorenes by copolymerization, with the aim of integrating the advantages of the steric-hindrance effect and of the β-phase. Optical and Raman spectroscopies revealed a β-phase conformation for a polymer copolymerized with spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] (SFX), with photoluminescence (PL) peaks at 454, 482, and 517 nm. Moreover, the morphological stability and electroluminescence (EL) stability were also improved without compromising the performance of the polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). Furthermore, three steric-hindrance-functionalized copolymers showed significantly decreased thresholds for amplified spontaneous emission (EthASE) and enhanced stability following thermal annealing treatment. These results indicate that steric-hindrance functionalization is a superior approach to improve the overall stability and optoelectronic properties for blue-light-emitting π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yamin Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wensai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengrong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Departments of Engineering Science and Physics and Division of Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences, Oxford University , 9 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PD, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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42
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Template-Assisted Preparation of Micrometric Suspended Membrane Lattices of Photoluminescent and Non-Photoluminescent Polymers by Capillarity-Driven Solvent Evaporation: Application to Microtagging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8351. [PMID: 28827776 PMCID: PMC5566329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the bottom-up template-assisted preparation of high-density lattices (up to 11 · 106 membranes/cm2) of suspended polymer membranes with micrometric size (in the order of few μm2) and sub-micrometric thickness (in the order of hundreds of nm) is demonstrated for both photoluminescent and non-photoluminescent polymers by capillarity-driven solvent evaporation. Solvent evaporation of low concentration polymer solutions drop-cast on an array of open-ended micropipes is shown to lead to polymer membrane formation at the inlet of the micropipes thanks to capillarity. The method is proven to be robust with high-yield (>98%) over large areas (1 cm2) and of general validity for both conjugated and non-conjugated polymers, e.g. poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole (F8BT), poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV), polystyrene (PS), thus breaking a new ground on the controlled preparation of polymer micro and nanostructures. Angle dependence and thermal stability of photoluminescence emission arising from F8BT membrane lattices was thorough investigated, highlighting a non-Lambertian photoluminescence emission of membrane lattices with respect to F8BT films. The method is eventually successfully applied to the preparation of both photoluminescent and non-photoluminescent micro Quick Response (μQR) codes using different polymers, i.e. F8BT, MDMO-PPV, PS, thus providing micrometric-sized taggants suitable for anti-counterfeiting applications.
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43
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Vohra V, Mróz W, Inaba S, Porzio W, Giovanella U, Galeotti F. Low-Cost and Green Fabrication of Polymer Electronic Devices by Push-Coating of the Polymer Active Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25434-25444. [PMID: 28685574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Because of both its easy processability and compatibility with roll-to-roll processes, polymer electronics is considered to be the most promising technology for the future generation of low-cost electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. However, the state-of-the-art deposition technique for polymer electronics (spin-coating) generates a high volume of chlorinated solution wastes during the active layer fabrication. Here, we demonstrate that devices with similar or higher performances can be manufactured using the push-coating technique in which a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layer is simply laid over a very small amount of solution (less than 1μL/covered cm2), which is then left for drying. Using mm thick PDMS provides a means to control the solvent diffusion kinetics (sorption/retention) and removes the necessity for additional applied pressure to generate the desired active layer thickness. Unlike spin-coating, push-coating is a slow drying process that induces a higher degree of crystallinity in the polymer thin film without the necessity for a post-annealing step. The polymer light-emitting diodes and solar cells prepared by push-coating exhibit slightly higher performances with respect to the reference spin-coated devices, whereas at the same time reduce the amounts of active layer materials and chlorinated solvents by 50 and 20 times, respectively. These increased performances can be correlated to the higher polymer crystallinities obtained without applying a post-annealing treatment. As push-coating is a roll-to-roll compatible method, the results presented here open the path to low-cost and eco-friendly fabrication of a wide range of emerging devices based on conjugated polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Wojciech Mróz
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Shusei Inaba
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - William Porzio
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC , Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Chaudhari SR, Griffin JM, Broch K, Lesage A, Lemaur V, Dudenko D, Olivier Y, Sirringhaus H, Emsley L, Grey CP. Donor-acceptor stacking arrangements in bulk and thin-film high-mobility conjugated polymers characterized using molecular modelling and MAS and surface-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3126-3136. [PMID: 28507688 PMCID: PMC5413886 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers show promising properties as cheap, sustainable and solution-processable semiconductors. A key challenge in the development of these materials is to determine the polymer chain structure, conformation and packing in both the bulk polymer and in thin films typically used in devices. However, many characterisation techniques are unable to provide atomic-level structural information owing to the presence of disorder. Here, we use molecular modelling, magic-angle spinning (MAS) and dynamic nuclear polarisation surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP SENS) to characterise the polymer backbone group conformations and packing arrangement in the high-mobility donor-acceptor copolymer diketopyrrolo-pyrrole-dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DPP-DTT). Using conventional 1H and 13C solid-state MAS NMR coupled with density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the bulk polymer adopts a highly planar backbone conformation with a laterally-shifted donor-on-acceptor stacking arrangement. DNP SENS enables acquisition of 13C NMR data for polymer films, where sensitivity is limiting owing to small sample volumes. The DNP signal enhancement enables a two-dimensional 1H-13C HETCOR spectrum to be recorded for a drop-cast polymer film, and a 13C CPMAS NMR spectrum to be recorded for a spin-coated thin-film with a thickness of only 400 nm. The results show that the same planar backbone structure and intermolecular stacking arrangement is preserved in the films following solution processing and annealing, thereby rationalizing the favourable device properties of DPP-DTT, and providing a protocol for the study of other thin film materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin R Chaudhari
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques , Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) , 69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - John M Griffin
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , UK .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
| | - Katharina Broch
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK
| | - Anne Lesage
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques , Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) , 69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) , Université de Mons (UMons) , 20 Place du Parc , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Dmytro Dudenko
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) , Université de Mons (UMons) , 20 Place du Parc , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) , Université de Mons (UMons) , 20 Place du Parc , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
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45
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Song H, Deng Y, Gao Y, Jiang Y, Tian H, Yan D, Geng Y, Wang F. Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Based on Indacenodithiophene Derivative Bridged Diketopyrrolopyrroles: Synthesis and Semiconducting Properties. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yao Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Donghang Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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Polarized white light from hybrid organic/III-nitrides grating structures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39677. [PMID: 28045123 PMCID: PMC5206735 DOI: 10.1038/srep39677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly polarised white light emission from a hybrid organic/inorganic device has been achieved. The hybrid devices are fabricated by means of combining blue InGaN-based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with a one-dimensional (1D) grating structure and down-conversion F8BT yellow light emitting polymer. The 1D grating structure converts the blue emission from unpolarised to highly polarised; Highly polarised yellow emission has been achieved from the F8BT polymer filled and aligned along the periodic nano-channels of the grating structure as a result of enhanced nano-confinement. Optical polarization measurements show that our device demonstrates a polarization degree of up to 43% for the smallest nano-channel width. Furthermore, the hybrid device with such a grating structure allows us to achieve an optimum relative orientation between the dipoles in the donor (i.e., InGaN/GaN MQWs) and the diploes in the acceptor (i.e., the F8BT), maximizing the efficiency of non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) between the donor and the acceptor. Time–resolved micro photoluminescence measurements show a 2.5 times enhancement in the NRET efficiency, giving a maximal NRET efficiency of 90%. It is worth highlighting that the approach developed paves the way for the fabrication of highly polarized white light emitters.
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Liang X, Tan L, Liu Z, Ma Y, Zhang G, Wang L, Li S, Dong L, Li J, Chen W. Poly(naphthalene diimide) vinylene: solid state red emission and semiconducting properties for transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4934-4937. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dual functional conjugated polymer PNV exhibits a high red emission in the solid state and n-type semiconducting properties for OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Liang
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
| | - Luxi Tan
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Lin Wang
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Shayu Li
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Lichun Dong
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Jing Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chongqing 400714
- China
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering
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48
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Razzell-Hollis J, Thiburce Q, Tsoi WC, Kim JS. Interfacial Chemical Composition and Molecular Order in Organic Photovoltaic Blend Thin Films Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31469-31481. [PMID: 27786457 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronic devices invariably involve transfer of charge carriers between the organic layer and at least one metal electrode, and they are sensitive to the local properties of the organic film at those interfaces. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for using an advanced technique called surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) to quantitatively probe interfacial properties relevant to charge injection/extraction. Exploiting the evanescent electric field generated by a ∼7 nm thick layer of evaporated silver, Raman scattering from nearby molecules is enhanced by factors of 10-1000× and limited by a distance dependence with a measured decay length of only 7.6 nm. When applied to the study of an all-polymer 1:1 blend of P3HT and F8TBT used in organic solar cells, we find that the as-cast film is morphologically suited to charge extraction in inverted devices, with a top (anode) interface very rich in hole-transporting P3HT (74.5%) and a bottom (cathode) interface slightly rich in electron-transporting F8TBT (55%). While conventional, uninverted P3HT:F8TBT devices are reported to perform poorly compared to inverted devices, their efficiency can be improved by thermal annealing but only after evaporation of a metallic top electrode. This is explained by changes in composition at the top interface: annealing prior to silver evaporation leads to a greater P3HT concentration at the top interface to 83.3%, exaggerating the original distribution that favored inverted devices, while postevaporation annealing increases the concentration of F8TBT at the top interface to 34.8%, aiding the extraction of electrons in a conventional device. By nondestructively probing buried interfaces, SERS is a powerful tool for understanding the performance of organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Razzell-Hollis
- Department of Physics and Center for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Thiburce
- Department of Physics and Center for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wing C Tsoi
- Department of Physics and Center for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University , Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Center for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Shen C, Lee YH, Lee YP, Chiang CJ, Wei FK, Wu CH, Kau KC, Liu HW, Hsieh CC, Wang L, Dai CA. Self-organization and phase transformation of all π-conjugated diblock copolymers and its applications in organic solar cells. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Smirnov JRC, Zhang Q, Wannemacher R, Wu L, Casado S, Xia R, Rodriguez I, Cabanillas-González J. Flexible all-polymer waveguide for low threshold amplified spontaneous emission. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34565. [PMID: 27686745 PMCID: PMC5043348 DOI: 10.1038/srep34565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of all polymer optical waveguides, based on a highly fluorescent conjugated polymer (CP) poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and a mechanically flexible and biodegradable polymer, cellulose acetate (CA), is reported. The replication by hot embossing of patterned surfaces in CA substrates, onto which high quality F8BT films can be easily processed by spin coating, is exploited to produce an entirely plastic device that exhibits low optical loss and low threshold for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). As a result, highly transparent and flexible waveguides are obtained, with excellent optical properties that remain unaltered after bending, allowing them to be adapted in various flexible photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Castro Smirnov
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Institute of Advanced Materials, National Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, P.R. China
| | - Reinhold Wannemacher
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Longfei Wu
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Santiago Casado
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Ruidong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Institute of Advanced Materials, National Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, P.R. China
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Cabanillas-González
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
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