1
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Hsu CC, Lee KM, Wu XW, Lin L, Yu WL, Liu CY. Hole-Transporting Materials based on Oligo(hetero)aryls with a Naphthodithiophene Core - Succinct Synthesis by Twofold Direct C-H Olefination. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302552. [PMID: 37997029 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrated the first synthetic application of direct C-H olefinations in the step-saving preparation of various hole-transporting materials (HTM) for efficient perovskite solar cells (PSC). Cross-dehydrogenative couplings of naphthodithiophene (NDT) with vinyl arenes under palladium-catalysis facilely generated various new oligo(hetero)aryls with internal alkenes. Reaction conditions were optimized, which gave the product isolated yields of up to 71 % with high (E)-stereoselectivity. These readily accessible NDT core-based small molecules involving olefin as π-spacers displayed immediate power conversion efficiencies of up to 17.2 % without a device oxidation process that is required for the commercially available spiro-OMeTAD and most other existing HTMs while fabricated in corresponding PSC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering/Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
- College of Environment and Resources, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Wei Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
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2
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Kessler BJO, Mansoor IF, Wozniak DI, Emge TJ, Lipke MC. Controlling Intramolecular and Intermolecular Electronic Coupling of Radical Ligands in a Series of Cobaltoviologen Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15924-15935. [PMID: 37460450 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling electronic coupling between multiple redox sites is of interest for tuning the electronic properties of molecules and materials. While classic mixed-valence (MV) systems are highly tunable, e.g., via the organic bridges connecting the redox sites, metal-bridged MV systems are difficult to control because the electronics of the metal cannot usually be altered independently of redox-active moieties embedded in its ligands. Herein, this limitation was overcome by varying the donor strengths of ancillary ligands in a series of cobalt complexes without directly perturbing the electronics of viologen-like redox sites bridged by the cobalt ions. The cobaltoviologens [1X-Co]n+ feature four 4-X-pyridyl donor groups (X = CO2Me, Cl, H, Me, OMe, NMe2) that provide gradual electronic tuning of the bridging CoII centers, while a related complex [2-Co]n+ with NHC donors supports exclusively CoIII states even upon reduction of the viologen units. Electrochemistry and IVCT band analysis indicate that the MV states of these complexes have electronic structures ranging from fully localized ([2-Co]4+; Robin-Day Class I) to fully delocalized ([1CO2Me-Co]3+; Class III) descriptions, demonstrating unprecedented control over electronic coupling without changing the identity of the redox sites or bridging metal. Additionally, single-crystal XRD characterization of the homovalent complexes [1H-Co]2+ and [1H-Zn]2+ revealed radical-pairing interactions between the viologen ligands of adjacent complexes, representing a type of through-space electronic coupling commonly observed for organic viologen radicals but never before seen in metalloviologens. The extended solid-state packing of these complexes produces 3D networks of radical π-stacking interactions that impart unexpected mechanical flexibility to these crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice J O Kessler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Iram F Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Derek I Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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3
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Breimaier S, Fröhlich N, Herberger J, Linseis M, Kivala M, Winter RF. Charge and Spin Delocalization in Mixed-Valent Vinylruthenium–Triarylamine-Conjugates with Planarized Triarylamines. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Breimaier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nina Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich−Alexander-Universität Erlangen−Nürnberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Herberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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4
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Capodilupo AL, Fabiano E, Franco L, Gambino S, Leoncini M, Accorsi G, Gigli G. Control of Electron Transfer Processes in Multidimensional Arylamine-Based Mixed-Valence Compounds by Molecular Backbone Design. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7840-7851. [PMID: 34473509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Four trigonal topology compounds with three diarylamines redox centers and dibenzofulvene as core bridge have been synthesized. Their radical cations exhibit appealing intramolecular electron transfer pathways between three redox centers, depending on their position on the core bridge. By changing such positions (on either 2,7- or 3,6-), and the length of the bridge, the control of the intramolecular electron transfer pathways was achieved through the electron self-exchange route. These processes were investigated by absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and (time-dependent) density functional theory calculations. Hole mobility measurements were carried out as well, to correlate the intramolecular electron transfer with the hole-transporting ability for possible applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina-L Capodilupo
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.,Centre for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Barsanti, Arnesano, Lecce 73010, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, Padova 135131, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gambino
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Mauro Leoncini
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.,Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio de Giorgi", Università Del Salento, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Gianluca Accorsi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.,Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio de Giorgi", Università Del Salento, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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5
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Krug M, Fröhlich N, Fehn D, Vogel A, Rominger F, Meyer K, Clark T, Kivala M, Guldi DM. Vorplanarisierte Triphenylamin‐basierte lineare gemischtvalente Ladungstransfersysteme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Krug
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Nina Fröhlich
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie Anorganische Chemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie Anorganische Chemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department für Chemie and Pharmazie Computer-Chemie-Centrum Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstraße 5 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institut für Organische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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6
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Krug M, Fröhlich N, Fehn D, Vogel A, Rominger F, Meyer K, Clark T, Kivala M, Guldi DM. Pre-Planarized Triphenylamine-Based Linear Mixed-Valence Charge-Transfer Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6771-6777. [PMID: 33306267 PMCID: PMC7986061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three linear dimers with two redox-active planarized triphenylamines were synthesized and their structures verified by X-ray crystallography. Their radical cations, which exhibit electron self-exchange between the two redox centers, are of great interest. This process was thoroughly investigated by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and (time-dependent) density functional theory calculations. A comparison of the key parameters of electron transfer with non-planarized nitrogen-centered building blocks emphasizes the impact of using redox centers with low internal reorganization energies. However, the distance-dependence attenuation factor of the super-exchange mechanisms remains similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Naegelsbachstrasse 5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Hayashi H, Barker JE, Cárdenas Valdivia A, Kishi R, MacMillan SN, Gómez-García CJ, Miyauchi H, Nakamura Y, Nakano M, Kato SI, Haley MM, Casado J. Monoradicals and Diradicals of Dibenzofluoreno[3,2- b]fluorene Isomers: Mechanisms of Electronic Delocalization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20444-20455. [PMID: 33206516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a series of dibenzo- and tetrabenzo-fused fluoreno[3,2-b]fluorenes is disclosed, and the diradicaloid properties of these molecules are compared with those of a similar, previously reported series of anthracene-based diradicaloids. Insights on the diradical mode of delocalization tuning by constitutional isomerism of the external naphthalenes has been explored by means of the physical approach (dissection of the electronic properties in terms of electronic repulsion and transfer integral) of diradicals. This study has also been extended to the redox species of the two series of compounds and found that the radical cations have the same stabilization mode by delocalization that the neutral diradicals while the radical anions, contrarily, are stabilized by aromatization of the central core. The synthesis of the fluorenofluorene series and their characterization by electronic absorption and vibrational Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, SQUID measurements, electrochemistry, in situ UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroelectrochemistry, and theoretical calculations are presented. This work attempts to unify the properties of different series of diradicaloids in a common argument as well as the properties of the carbocations and carbanions derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Joshua E Barker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Abel Cárdenas Valdivia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga 29071, Spain
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Carlos J Gómez-García
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Hidenori Miyauchi
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga 29071, Spain
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8
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Ou YP, Zhang J, Wang A, Yuan A, Yin C, Liu SH. Rutheniumethynyl-Triarylamine Organic-Inorganic Mixed-Valence Systems: Regulating Ru-N Electronic Coupling by Different Aryl Bridge Cores. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3338-3349. [PMID: 32840035 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four rutheniumethynyl-triarylamine complexes 1-4 with different aryl bridge cores were prepared. The solid structures of complexes 2-4 were fully confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Two consecutive one-electron oxidation processes of complexes 1-4 were attributed to the ruthenium and nitrogen centers, as revealed by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammogram. Results also showed decreasing potential difference ΔE of complexes 1, 3, and 4, with the largest value for 2. Upon chemical oxidation of complexes 1-4 by 1.0 eq oxidation reagents FcPF6 or AgSbF6 , the mixed-valence complexes, except for 2+ , show characteristic broad NIR absorptions in the UV-vis-NIR spectroscopic experiments. NIR multiple absorptions were assigned to NAr2 →RuCp*(dppe) intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions by TDDFT calculations. Coupling parameter (Hab ) from Hush theory revealed that increasing electronic communication in 1+ , 3+ , and 4+ . Electron density distribution of the HOMO for neutral molecules (1, 3, and 4) and spin density distribution of the corresponding single-oxidized states (1+ , 3+ , and 4+ ) increases progressively on the bridge as the size of the aromatic system increases, proving incremental contributions from bridge cores during oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Aihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Ande Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang, Hunan, 421008, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
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9
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Kröncke S, Herrmann C. Toward a First-Principles Evaluation of Transport Mechanisms in Molecular Wires. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:6267-6279. [PMID: 32886502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding charge transport through molecular wires is important for nanoscale electronics and biochemistry. Our goal is to establish a simple first-principles protocol for predicting the charge transport mechanism in such wires, in particular the crossover from coherent tunneling for short wires to incoherent hopping for longer wires. This protocol is based on a combination of density functional theory with a polarizable continuum model introduced by Kaupp et al. for mixed-valence molecules, which we had previously found to work well for length-dependent charge delocalization in such systems. We combine this protocol with a new charge delocalization measure tailored for molecular wires, and we show that it can predict the tunneling-to-hopping transition length with a maximum error of one subunit in five sets of molecular wires studied experimentally in molecular junctions at room temperature. This suggests that the protocol is also well suited for estimating the extent of hopping sites as relevant, for example, for the intermediate tunneling-hopping regime in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kröncke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Nishimura H, Okada I, Tanabe T, Nakamura T, Murdey R, Wakamiya A. Additive-free, Cost-Effective Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Vinyl Triarylamines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32994-33003. [PMID: 32583662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of cost-effective hole-transporting materials (TOP-HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was designed and synthesized. The molecules, composed of multiple 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylamines linked to a benzene core via trans-vinylene units, can be manufactured from inexpensive materials through a simple synthetic route. The photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties, as well as hole mobilities, were strongly influenced by the position and number of vinyl triarylamine substituents on the core benzene ring. CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cells using the X-shaped TOP-HTM 3 with additives gave a high power conversion efficiency of 17.5% (forward scan)/18.6% (reverse scan). Crucially, TOP-HTMs gave high working device efficiency without the need for conduction-enhancing additives. The power conversion efficiency for the device with additive-free TOP-HTM 3 was 16.0% (forward scan)/16.6% (reverse scan). Device stability is also enhanced and is superior to the reference HTM, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Nishimura
- Fine Chemicals R&D, Toda Research Center, Tokyo Chemical Industry Company Ltd., Toda, Saitama 335-0033, Japan
| | - Iku Okada
- Fine Chemicals R&D, Toda Research Center, Tokyo Chemical Industry Company Ltd., Toda, Saitama 335-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Tanabe
- Fine Chemicals R&D, Toda Research Center, Tokyo Chemical Industry Company Ltd., Toda, Saitama 335-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Richard Murdey
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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11
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Yu CH, Yang X, Ji X, Wang CH, Lai Q, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. Redox Communication between Two Diarylamido/Bis(phosphine) (PNP)M Moieties Bridged by Ynediyl Linkers (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10153-10162. [PMID: 32614176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of binuclear homo- and heterobimetallic complexes of the general type (PNP)M-[linker]-M(PNP) have been prepared (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; PNP = a diarylamido/bis(phosphine) pincer ligand; -[linker]- = -C≡C-, -C≡CC≡C-, -C≡CC6H4C≡C-). Each (PNP)M site can be oxidized by one electron, and this work reports the investigation of the mixed-valence behavior in terms of the communication between the two redox sites and the degree of the delocalization in the monooxidized cation. The compounds were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR and EPR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and DFT calculations. The complex with the longest examined linker, (PNP)Ni-C≡CC6H4C≡C-Ni(PNP) (9Ni), exhibited no discernible communication between the redox sites. The homobimetallic complexes (PNP)M-C≡CC≡C-M(PNP) (6M) displayed a lower degree of communication in comparison to the -C≡C- linker analogues (PNP)M-C≡C-M(PNP) (3M). Within each of these two subsets, the relative degree of communication and delocalization was determined to be Pd < Ni ≤ Pt. On the Robin-Day scale, compounds 6M can be assigned class I for M = Pd and class II for M = Ni, Pt. Complex 3Pd also falls into class II, while 3Ni and 3Pt may be viewed as borderline class II/III cases. It is likely that the communication in the Ni systems has the advantage of the smaller size of Ni, resulting in a greater physical proximity of the redox sites, while the 5d metal Pt possesses the greatest ability for orbital interaction with the -C≡C- linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Chen-Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Qingheng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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12
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Chiu CC, Cheng MC, Lin SH, Yan CW, Lee GH, Chang MC, Lin TS, Peng SM. Structure and magnetic properties of a novel heteroheptanuclear metal string complex [Ni 3Ru 2Ni 2(μ 7-teptra) 4(NCS) 2](PF 6). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6635-6643. [PMID: 32367097 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a novel heteroheptanuclear metal string complex (HMSC) [Ni3Ru2Ni2(μ7-teptra)4(NCS)2](PF6) 1 supported by tetra-pyridyl-tri-amine (H3teptra) ligands. We employed X-ray diffraction and other spectroscopic techniques to characterize the complex. The observed remarkably short Ru-Ru distance of 2.2499(3) Å for 1 is indicative of a unique metal-metal interaction in the mixed-valence [Ru2]5+ (S = 3/2) unit. The complex exhibits a relatively high magnetic moment value of 4.55 B.M. at 4 K, which increases rapidly to 6.00 B.M. at 30 K and remains at 6.11 B.M. from 50 to 300 K as shown by SQUID measurements, indicating a high spin (S≥ 3/2) system which is further supported by the analyses of EPR spectra at low temperatures. These magnetic behaviors can be ascribed to the result of spin-exchange interactions among multi-spin centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., 10617 Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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13
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Ou Y, Wang A, Zhang F, Hu F. Dendritic Groups Substituted Kekulé‐Benzene‐Bridged Bis(triarylamine) Mixed‐valence Systems: Syntheses, Characterization and Electronic Coupling Properties. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ping Ou
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Aihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Fang Hu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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14
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Merz J, Dietz M, Vonhausen Y, Wöber F, Friedrich A, Sieh D, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Holzapfel M, Lambert C, Marder TB. Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of New Red-to-NIR Emitting Donor-Acceptor Pyrene Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:438-453. [PMID: 31593316 PMCID: PMC6973242 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized new pyrene derivatives with strong bis(para-methoxyphenyl)amine donors at the 2,7-positions and n-azaacene acceptors at the K-region of pyrene. The compounds possess a strong intramolecular charge transfer, leading to unusual properties such as emission in the red to NIR region (700 nm), which has not been reported before for monomeric pyrenes. Detailed photophysical studies reveal very long intrinsic lifetimes of >100 ns for the new compounds, which is typical for 2,7-substituted pyrenes but not for K-region substituted pyrenes. The incorporation of strong donors and acceptors leads to very low reduction and oxidation potentials, and spectroelectrochemical studies show that the compounds are on the borderline between localized Robin-Day class-II and delocalized Robin-Day class-III species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Yvonne Vonhausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frederik Wöber
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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15
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16
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Rotthowe N, Zwicker J, Winter RF. Influence of Quinoidal Distortion on the Electronic Properties of Oxidized Divinylarylene-Bridged Diruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rotthowe
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78453 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jakob Zwicker
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78453 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78453 Konstanz, Germany
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17
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Montanaro S, Gillett AJ, Feldmann S, Evans EW, Plasser F, Friend RH, Wright IA. Red-shifted delayed fluorescence at the expense of photoluminescence quantum efficiency - an intramolecular charge-transfer molecule based on a benzodithiophene-4,8-dione acceptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10580-10586. [PMID: 31074469 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Employing the thiophene based quinone, benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione, as the electron-accepting moiety alongside N-phenylcarbazole donors to produce a donor-π-acceptor-π-donor (D-π-A-π-D) molecule has yielded a new red emitter displaying delayed fluorescence. This new molecule shows strongly (over 100 nm) red-shifted emission when compared to an anthraquinone based analogue. Cyclic voltammetry complemented by computational insights prove that this red-shift is due to the significantly stronger electron-accepting ability of the thiophene quinone compared to anthraquinone. Photophysical and computational studies of this molecule have revealed that while the presence of the thiophene containing acceptor facilitates rapid intersystem crossing which is comparable to anthraquinone analogues, the reverse intersystem crossing rate is slow and non-radiative decay is rapid which we can attribute to low-lying locally excited states. This limits the total photoluminescence quantum efficiency to less than 10% in both solution and the solid state. These results provide a useful example of how very minor structural variations can have a defining impact on the photophysical properties of new molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Montanaro
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Alexander J Gillett
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Emrys W Evans
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Richard H Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Iain A Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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18
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Malzkuhn S, Guo X, Häussinger D, Wenger OS. Electron Transfer across o-Phenylene Wires. J Phys Chem A 2018; 123:96-102. [PMID: 30592217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer across rigid rod-like oligo- p-phenylenes has been thoroughly investigated in the past, but their o-connected counterparts are yet entirely unexplored in this regard. We report on three molecular dyads comprised of a triarylamine donor and a Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy =2,2'-bipyridine) acceptor connected covalently by 2 to 6 o-phenylene units. Pulsed excitation of the Ru(II) sensitizer at 532 nm leads to the rapid formation of oxidized triarylamine and reduced ruthenium complex via intramolecular electron transfer. The subsequent thermal reverse charge-shift reaction to reinstate the electronic ground-state occurs on a time scale of 120-220 ns in deaerated CH3CN at 25 °C. The conformational flexibility of the o-phenylene bridges causes multiexponential transient absorption kinetics for the photoinduced forward process, but the thermal reverse reaction produces single-exponential transient absorption decays. The key finding is that the flexible o-phenylene bridges permit rapid formation of photoproducts storing ca. 1.7 eV of energy with lifetimes on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds, similar to what is possible with rigid rod-like donor-acceptor compounds. Thus, the conformational flexibility of the o-phenylenes represents no disadvantage with regard to the photoproduct lifetimes, and this is relevant in the greater context of light-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Malzkuhn
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Xingwei Guo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
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19
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Neumann S, Wenger OS. Fundamentally Different Distance Dependences of Electron-Transfer Rates for Low and High Driving Forces. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:855-860. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Kröncke S, Herrmann C. Designing Long-Range Charge Delocalization from First-Principles. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:165-177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kröncke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
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21
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Diphenylamine-Substituted Osmanaphthalyne Complexes: Structural, Bonding, and Redox Properties of Unusual Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Systems. Chemistry 2018; 24:18998-19009. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Schnaubelt L, Petzold H, Dmitrieva E, Rosenkranz M, Lang H. A solvent- and temperature-dependent intramolecular equilibrium of diamagnetic and paramagnetic states in Co complexes bearing triaryl amines. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13180-13189. [PMID: 30178800 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [Co(L)2](ClO4)2 (L = o-substituted 2-(pyridine-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthrolines 1a-c) containing three redox active centres (a Co2+ ion and two triaryl amine (Tara) units) have been synthesised. The order of oxidation steps in [Co(L)2](ClO4)2 (L = 1a-c) was determined using cyclic voltammetry and EPR/UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry. In acetonitrile solutions, at room temperature, the first oxidation is Co-centred followed by the Tara oxidation at more anodic potentials. The order of oxidation is inverted in solutions of the less polar solvent dichloromethane. The Co3+/2+-centred redox event leads to a spin transition between the paramagnetic high-spin (HS) Co2+ and the diamagnetic low-spin (LS) Co3+ state, which was proven using 1H NMR and EPR spectroscopy. After one-electron oxidation of [Co(L)2](ClO4)2, an equilibrium between the diamagnetic [Co3+(L)]3+ and paramagnetic [Co2+(L)(L+)]3+ state in [Co(L)2]3+ (L = 1a-c) was found. Cyclic voltammetry showed enhanced intermolecular electron transfer between the [Co2+(L)2]2+ and [Co3+(L)2]3+ redox states mediated by [Co2+(L)(L+)]3+. Variable temperature vis-NIR spectroscopy of in situ generated [Co(L)2]3+ revealed a temperature-dependent redox equilibrium between the [Co3+(L)2]3+ and the [Co2+(L+)(L)]3+ states (L = 1a-c). Magnetic coupling between the HS-Co2+ ion and the Tara+ radical in [HS-Co2+(L+)(L)]3+ (L = 1a,c) was deduced from broad and undetectable lines observed in the corresponding EPR spectra. Complete oxidation to [LS-Co3+(L+)2]5+ (L = 1a,c) leads to characteristic EPR spectra of Tara biradicals with non-interacting spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schnaubelt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Holm Petzold
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
We present four new tetraruthenium macrocycles built from two 1,4-divinylphenylene diruthenium and two isophthalic acid building blocks with peripheral, potentially mono- or tridentate donor functions attached to the isophthalic linkers. These macrocycles are characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and, in the case of the thioacetyl-appended complex 4, by X-ray crystallography. Cyclic and square wave voltammetry establish that the macrocycles can be oxidized in four consecutive redox steps that come as two pairs of two closely spaced one-electron waves. Spectroscopic changes observed during IR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical experiments (NIR = near infrared) show that the isophthalate linkers insulate the electroactive divinylphenylene diruthenium moieties against each other. The macrocycles exhibit nevertheless pronounced polyelectrochromism with highly intense absorptions in the Vis (2+/4+ states) and the NIR (2+ states) with extinction coefficients of up to >100,000 M−1·cm−1. The strong absorptivity enhancement with respect to the individual divinylphenylene diruthenium building blocks is attributed to conformational restrictions imposed by the macrocycle backbone. Moreover, the di- and tetracations of these macrocycles are paramagnetic as revealed by EPR spectroscopy.
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24
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Schmidt HC, Larsen CB, Wenger OS. Electron Transfer around a Molecular Corner. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6696-6700. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C. Schmidt
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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25
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Ha JY, Koo JY, Ohtsu H, Yakiyama Y, Kim K, Hashizume D, Kawano M. An Organic Mixed‐Valence Ligand for Multistate Redox‐Active Coordination Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Ha
- Division of Advanced Materials Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1, Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Jin Young Koo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yumi Yakiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1, Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Division of Advanced Materials Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C. Schmidt
- Departement ChemieUniversität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | | | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Departement ChemieUniversität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
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27
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Ha JY, Koo JY, Ohtsu H, Yakiyama Y, Kim K, Hashizume D, Kawano M. An Organic Mixed-Valence Ligand for Multistate Redox-Active Coordination Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4717-4721. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Ha
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS); 2-1, Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Jin Young Koo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yumi Yakiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS); 2-1, Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Cheongam-ro 77, Namgu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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28
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Li S, Yuan N, Fang Y, Chen C, Wang L, Feng R, Zhao Y, Cui H, Wang X. Studies on the Bridge Dependence of Bis(triarylamine) Diradical Dications: Long-Range π-Conjugation and π–π Coupling Systems. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3651-3656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ningning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institution Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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29
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Sivaraman G, Iniya M, Anand T, Kotla NG, Sunnapu O, Singaravadivel S, Gulyani A, Chellappa D. Chemically diverse small molecule fluorescent chemosensors for copper ion. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Woodford OJ, Stachelek P, Ziessel R, Algoazy N, Knight JG, Harriman A. End-to-end communication in a linear supermolecule with a BOPHY centre and N,N-dimethylanilino-based terminals. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04654e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-range electrostatic interactions are sufficient to cause sequential ionization of the terminal groups in a BOPHY-based supermolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen J. Woodford
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory
- School of Natural and Environmental Science
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Patrycja Stachelek
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory
- School of Natural and Environmental Science
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory
- School of Natural and Environmental Science
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Nawaf Algoazy
- School of Natural and Environmental Science
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Julian G. Knight
- School of Natural and Environmental Science
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory
- School of Natural and Environmental Science
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
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31
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Sakamaki D, Ito A, Tsutsui Y, Seki S. Tetraaza[14]- and Octaaza[18]paracyclophane: Synthesis and Characterization of Their Neutral and Cationic States. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13348-13358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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32
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33
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Hassenrück C, Winter RF. Manipulation and Assessment of Charge and Spin Delocalization in Mixed-Valent Triarylamine–Vinylruthenium Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13517-13529. [PMID: 29035518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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34
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Merz J, Fink J, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Al Mamari HH, Lorenzen S, Haehnel M, Eichhorn A, Moos M, Holzapfel M, Braunschweig H, Lambert C, Steffen A, Ji L, Marder TB. Pyrene Molecular Orbital Shuffle-Controlling Excited State and Redox Properties by Changing the Nature of the Frontier Orbitals. Chemistry 2017; 23:13164-13180. [PMID: 28718975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We show that by judicious choice of substituents at the 2- and 7-positions of pyrene, the frontier orbital order of pyrene can be modified, giving enhanced control over the nature and properties of the photoexcited states and the redox potentials. Specifically, we introduced a julolidine-like moiety and Bmes2 (mes=2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 ) as very strong donor (D) and acceptor (A), respectively, giving 2,7-D-π-D- and unsymmetric 2,7-D-π-A-pyrene derivatives, in which the donor destabilizes the HOMO-1 and the acceptor stabilizes the LUMO+1 of the pyrene core. Consequently, for 2,7-substituted pyrene derivatives, unusual properties are obtained. For example, very large bathochromic shifts were observed for all of our compounds, and unprecedented green light emission occurs for the D/D system. In addition, very high radiative rate constants in solution and in the solid state were recorded for the D-π-D- and D-π-A-substituted compounds. All compounds show reversible one-electron oxidations, and Jul2 Pyr exhibits a second oxidation, with the largest potential splitting (ΔE=440 mV) thus far reported for 2,7-substituted pyrenes. Spectroelectrochemical measurements confirm an unexpectedly strong coupling between the 2,7-substituents in our pyrene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hamad H Al Mamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoud, 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonius Eichhorn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Tan G, Wang X. Isolable Bis(triarylamine) Dications: Analogues of Thiele's, Chichibabin's, and Müller's Hydrocarbons. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1997-2006. [PMID: 28731693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work by Thiele and Chichibabin, who synthesized the first diradicals bridged by phenylene and biphenylene groups in 1904 and 1907, respectively, numerous efforts have been devoted to synthesizing stable diradicals during the last few decades, and several strategies have been developed to stabilize these highly reactive diradicals. In this Account, we describe the synthesis and characterization of isolable bis(triarylamine) dications, nitrogen analogues of Thiele's, Chichibabin's, and Müller's hydrocarbons, which represent facilely accessible, stable diradicals by replacing carbinyl centers with isoelectronic aminium centers. Along with discussing the molecular structures and electronic structures of the isolated bis(triarylamine) dications, their spectroscopic and magnetic properties are also introduced. Since 2011, we have reported the stabilization of a variety of radical cations bearing the weakly coordinating anion Al(ORF)4- (RF = polyfluorinated alkyl group), which we have recently successfully applied for the stabilization and crystallization of bis(triarylamine) dications, analogues of Thiele's, Chichibabin's, and Müller's hydrocarbons. Prior to our and Kamada's work, there have been only three stable bis(triarylamine) dications isolated in the solid state. The facile access of bis(triarylamine) dications in their crystalline forms allowed us to pursue a deep investigation of their solid-state structures, electronic structures, and physical properties. Similar to their hydrocarbon analogues, bis(triarylamine) dications possess characteristic resonance structures between open-shell singlet (OS) diradicals and closed-shell (CS) quinoidal forms. The combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations has proved to be a robust strategy to gain a better understanding of the electronic structures of the obtained diradicals. The structural parameters obtained from XRD analysis reflect the overall contribution of each resonance structure to the crystal structure. The comparison of the parameters from the crystal structures with those from DFT calculations for the pure electronic configurations (CS, OS, and triplet states) affords an overview of the ground-state structures of the diradicals. To justify the "degree" of singlet diradical character, the diradical parameter y is applied, which is estimated by the occupancy of the lowest unoccupied natural orbital (LUNO) having antibonding nature (y = 0 for the closed-shell and y = 1 for the pure singlet diradical). In addition, magnetic susceptibility measurements serve as a practical experimental method to determine the singlet-triplet energy gaps of the isolable diradical dications. Through detailed studies on isolable bis(triarylamine) dications, magnetic bistability caused by intramolecular electron-exchange interactions was observed. Moreover, we also found that the singlet-triplet energy gaps of the diradicals could be thermally controlled. These investigations highlight the potential of bis(triarylamine) dications as building blocks for functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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36
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Schäfer J, Holzapfel M, Mladenova B, Kattnig D, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Grampp G, Lambert C. Hole Transfer Processes in meta- and para-Conjugated Mixed Valence Compounds: Unforeseen Effects of Bridge Substituents and Solvent Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6200-6209. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schäfer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Boryana Mladenova
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kattnig
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Günter Grampp
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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37
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38
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Burrezo PM, Lin NT, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Calzado EM, Boj PG, Díaz García MA, Franco C, Rovira C, Veciana J, Moos M, Lambert C, López Navarrete JT, Tsuji H, Nakamura E, Casado J. Bis(aminoaryl) Carbon-Bridged Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s Expand the Limits of Electronic Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nai-Ti Lin
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Eva M. Calzado
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal; Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante 03080 Spain
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal; Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante 03080 Spain
| | - María A. Díaz García
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal; Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante 03080 Spain
| | - Carlos Franco
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials; Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Campus de la UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Concepciò Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials; Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Campus de la UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials; Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Campus de la UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Kanagawa University; Kanagawa 259-1293 Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
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39
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Burrezo PM, Lin NT, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Calzado EM, Boj PG, Díaz García MA, Franco C, Rovira C, Veciana J, Moos M, Lambert C, López Navarrete JT, Tsuji H, Nakamura E, Casado J. Bis(aminoaryl) Carbon-Bridged Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s Expand the Limits of Electronic Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2898-2902. [PMID: 28140501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-bridged bis(aminoaryl) oligo(para-phenylenevinylene)s have been prepared and their optical, electrochemical, and structural properties analyzed. Their radical cations are class III and class II mixed-valence systems, depending on the molecular size, and they show electronic couplings which are among the largest for the self-exchange reaction of purely organic molecules. In their dication states, the antiferromagnetic coupling is progressively tuned with size from quinoidal closed-shell to open-shell biradicals. The data prove that the electronic coupling in the radical cations and the singlet-triplet gap in the dications show similar small attenuation factors, thus allowing charge/spin transfer over rather large distances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nai-Ti Lin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eva M Calzado
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Pedro G Boj
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - María A Díaz García
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Carlos Franco
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Concepciò Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, 259-1293, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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40
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Elaborately Tuning Intramolecular Electron Transfer Through Varying Oligoacene Linkers in the Bis(diarylamino) Systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36310. [PMID: 27805023 PMCID: PMC5090870 DOI: 10.1038/srep36310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The research efforts on oligoacene systems are still relatively limited mainly due to the synthetic challenge and the extreme instability of longer acenes. Herein, these two issues have been overcome through elaborative modification and the stable pentacene species has been successfully synthesized. Additionally, a series of bis(diarylamino) compounds linked by variable-length oligoacene bridges ranging from one to five fused rings (benzene (1a), naphthalene (1b), anthracene (1c), tetracene (1d) and pentacene (1e)) have been prepared to probe the effect of the extent of π-conjugation on the electron transfer properties. Compound 1c exhibits a high planarity between the anthracyl bridge and the two nitrogen cores and the molecular packing shows a two-dimensional herringbone characteristic. Combined studies based on electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry demonstrate that (i) the electronic coupling across the oligoacene linkers between two diarylamine termini exponentially decrease with a moderate attenuation constant (β) of 0.14 Å−1 in these length-modulated systems and (ii) the associated radical cations [1a]+–[1e]+ are classified as the class II Robin–Day mixed-valence systems. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted to gain insight into the nature of electron transfer processes in these oligoacene systems.
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41
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Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Electron Transfer Rate Maxima at Large Donor-Acceptor Distances. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1349-58. [PMID: 26800279 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of their low mass, electrons can transfer rapidly over long (>15 Å) distances, but usually reaction rates decrease with increasing donor-acceptor distance. We report here on electron transfer rate maxima at donor-acceptor separations of 30.6 Å, observed for thermal electron transfer between an anthraquinone radical anion and a triarylamine radical cation in three homologous series of rigid-rod-like donor-photosensitizer-acceptor triads with p-xylene bridges. Our experimental observations can be explained by a weak distance dependence of electronic donor-acceptor coupling combined with a strong increase of the (outer-sphere) reorganization energy with increasing distance, as predicted by electron transfer theory more than 30 years ago. The observed effect has important consequences for light-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuss-Petermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Lambert C, Moos M, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Schäfer J, Kess M, Engel V. How fast is optically induced electron transfer in organic mixed valence systems? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19405-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optically induced electron transfer is about 3–4 orders of magnitude faster than thermally induced ET in organic mixed valence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lambert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - M. Moos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - A. Schmiedel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - M. Holzapfel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - J. Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - M. Kess
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - V. Engel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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43
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Shen JJ, Shao JY, Zhu X, Zhong YW. Amine–Amine Electronic Coupling through a Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene Bridge. Org Lett 2015; 18:256-9. [PMID: 26720697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
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44
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Schmidt HC, Spulber M, Neuburger M, Palivan CG, Meuwly M, Wenger OS. Charge Transfer Pathways in Three Isomers of Naphthalene-Bridged Organic Mixed Valence Compounds. J Org Chem 2015; 81:595-602. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Spulber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Gluyas JBG, Manici V, Gückel S, Vincent KB, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, Skelton BW, Beeby A, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Cross-Conjugated Systems Based On An (E)-Hexa-3-en-1,5-diyne-3,4-diyl Skeleton: Spectroscopic and Spectroelectrochemical Investigations. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11501-12. [PMID: 26496049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of cross-conjugated compounds based on an (E)-4,4'-(hexa-3-en-1,5-diyne-3,4-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) skeleton (1-6) have been synthesized. The linear optical absorption properties can be tuned by modification of the substituents at the 1 and 5 positions of the hexa-3-en-1,5-diynyl backbone (1: Si(CH(CH3)2)3, 2: C6H4C≡CSi(CH3)3, 3: C6H4COOCH3, 4: C6H4CF3, 5: C6H4C≡N, 6: C6H4C≡CC5H4N), although attempts to introduce electron-donating (C6H4CH3, C6H4OCH3, C6H4Si(CH3)3) substituents at these positions were hampered by the ensuing decreased stability of the compounds. Spectroelectrochemical investigations of selected examples, supported by DFT-based computational studies, have shown that one- and two-electron oxidation of the 1,2-bis(triarylamine)ethene fragment also results in electronic changes to the perpendicular π-system in the hexa-3-en-1,5-diynyl branch of the molecule. These properties suggest that (E)-hexa-3-en-1,5-diynyl-based compounds could have applications in molecular sensing and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Manici
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gückel
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin B Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry S Yufit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A K Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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46
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Chen Z, Jeffery CJ, Morshedi M, Moxey GJ, Barlow A, Yang X, Babgi BA, Dalton GT, Randles MD, Smith MK, Zhang C, Samoc M, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG. Syntheses, Electrochemical, Linear Optical, and Cubic Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ruthenium-Alkynyl-Functionalized Oligo(phenylenevinylene) Stars. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1329-1340. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Jahnke AC, Spulber M, Neuburger M, Palivan CG, Wenger OS. Electronic coupling mediated by furan, thiophene, selenophene and tellurophene in a homologous series of organic mixed valence compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10883-6. [PMID: 25090374 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Charge delocalization in the mixed-valent monocationic forms of phenothiazine-decorated chalcogenophenes is explored by cyclic voltammetry, optical absorption and EPR spectroscopy. Single units of furan, thiophene, selenophene and tellurophene are found to mediate electronic coupling between the phenothiazines attached to their 2- and 5-positions roughly equally well. Electronic communication seems to occur mostly through the butadiene-like backbone of the chalcogenophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Jahnke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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48
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Nie HJ, Yang WW, Zheng RH, Shi Q, Chen H, Yao J, Zhong YW. Metal Chelation-Assisted Amine–Amine Electronic Coupling through the 4,4′-Positions of 2,2′-Bipyridine. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1272-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5024967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi
Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi
Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Hui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi
Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi
Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi
Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi
Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi
Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Song Y, Su Y, Wang X. Bis(phenothiazine)arene diradicaloids: isolation, characterization and crystal structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11822-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis(phenothiazine)arene diradicaloids featuring tunable ground states by orthogonal alignment of spin-carrying π-systems were isolated and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huaiyin Normal University
- Huai'an 223300
- China
| | - You Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Yuanting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
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50
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Vincent KB, Parthey M, Yufit DS, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Synthesis and redox properties of mono-, di- and tri-metallic platinum-ethynyl complexes based on the trans-Pt(C6H4N{C6H4OCH3-4}2)(C CR)(PPh3)2 motif. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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