1
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Phung QM, Nam HN, Ghosh A. Local Oxidation States in {FeNO} 6-8 Porphyrins: Insights from DMRG/CASSCF-CASPT2 Calculations. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 38010736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A first DMRG/CASSCF-CASPT2 study of a series of paradigmatic {FeNO}6, {FeNO}7, and {FeNO}8 heme-nitrosyl complexes has led to substantial new insight as well as uncovered key shortcomings of the DFT approach. By virtue of its balanced treatment of static and dynamic correlation, the calculations have provided some of the most authoritative information available to date on the energetics of low- versus high-spin states of different classes of heme-nitrosyl complexes. Thus, the calculations indicate low doublet-quartet gaps of 1-4 kcal/mol for {FeNO}7 complexes and high singlet-triplet gaps of ≳20 kcal/mol for both {FeNO}6 and {FeNO}8 complexes. In contrast, DFT calculations yield widely divergent spin state gaps as a function of the exchange-correlation functional. DMRG-CASSCF calculations also help calibrate DFT spin densities for {FeNO}7 complexes, pointing to those obtained from classic pure functionals as the most accurate. The general picture appears to be that nearly all the spin density of Fe[P](NO) is localized on the Fe, while the axial ligand imidazole (ImH) in Fe[P](NO)(ImH) pushes a part of the spin density onto the NO moiety. An analysis of the DMRG-CASSCF wave function in terms of localized orbitals and of the resulting configuration state functions in terms of resonance forms with varying NO(π*) occupancies has allowed us to address the longstanding question of local oxidation states in heme-nitrosyl complexes. The analysis indicates NO(neutral) resonance forms [i.e., Fe(II)-NO0 and Fe(III)-NO0] as the major contributors to both {FeNO}6 and {FeNO}7 complexes. This finding is at variance with the common formulation of {FeNO}6 hemes as Fe(II)-NO+ species but is consonant with an Fe L-edge XAS analysis by Solomon and co-workers. For the {FeNO}8 complex {Fe[P](NO)}-, our analysis suggests a resonance hybrid description: Fe(I)-NO0 ↔ Fe(II)-NO-, in agreement with earlier DFT studies. Vibrational analyses of the compounds studied indicate an imperfect but fair correlation between the NO stretching frequency and NO(π*) occupancy, highlighting the usefulness of vibrational data as a preliminary indicator of the NO oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Manh Phung
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ho Ngoc Nam
- Institute of Materials Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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2
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Valianti VK, Tselios C, Pinakoulaki E. Reversible thermally induced spin crossover in the myoglobin-nitrito adduct directly monitored by resonance Raman spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9020-9025. [PMID: 36950070 PMCID: PMC10025812 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin has been demonstrated to function as a nitrite reductase to produce nitric oxide during hypoxia. One of the most intriguing aspects of the myoglobin/nitrite interactions revealed so far is the unusual O-binding mode of nitrite to the ferric heme iron, although conflicting data have been reported for the electronic structure of this complex also raising the possibility of linkage isomerism. In this work, we applied resonance Raman spectroscopy in a temperature-dependent approach to investigate the binding of nitrite to ferric myoglobin and the properties of the formed adduct from ambient to low temperatures (293 K to 153 K). At ambient temperature the high spin state of the ferric heme Fe-O-N[double bond, length as m-dash]O species is present and upon decreasing the temperature the low spin state is populated, demonstrating that a thermally-induced spin crossover phenomenon takes place analogous to what has been observed in many transition metal complexes. The observed spin crossover is fully reversible and is not due to linkage isomerism, since the O-binding mode is retained upon the spin transition. The role of the heme pocket environment in controlling the nitrite binding mode and spin transition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charalampos Tselios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus 2109 Aglantzia Cyprus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology Lemesos Cyprus
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3
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Borowski P, Kutniewska SE, Kamiński R, Krówczyński A, Schaniel D, Jarzembska KN. Exploring Photoswitchable Properties of Two Nitro Nickel(II) Complexes with ( N, N, O)-Donor Ligands and Their Copper(II) Analogues. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6624-6640. [PMID: 35430817 PMCID: PMC9066408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Borowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia E. Kutniewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Krówczyński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Guadalupe Hernández J, Thangarasu P. A critical evaluation of [ML(ONO)]+ (M = Fe, Ru, Os) as nitric oxide precursor influenced by spin multiplicity and geometrical parameters (M-O-NO and MO-N-O) for the NO release: A theoretical study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Amanullah S, Saha P, Nayek A, Ahmed ME, Dey A. Biochemical and artificial pathways for the reduction of carbon dioxide, nitrite and the competing proton reduction: effect of 2nd sphere interactions in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3755-3823. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01405b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of oxides and oxoanions of carbon and nitrogen are of great contemporary importance as they are crucial for a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Amanullah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Paramita Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Md Estak Ahmed
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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7
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Chang MH, Kim NY, Chang YH, Lee Y, Jeon US, Kim H, Kim YH, Kahng SJ. O 2, NO 2 and NH 3 coordination to Co-porphyrin studied with scanning tunneling microscopy on Au(111). NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8510-8517. [PMID: 30990501 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00843h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coordination structure between small molecules and metalloporphyrins plays a crucial role in functional reactions such as bio-oxidation and catalytic activation. Their vertical, tilting, and dynamic structures have been actively studied with diffraction and resonance spectroscopy for the past four decades. Contrastingly, real-space visualization beyond simple protrusion and depression is relatively rare. In this paper, high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) images are presented of di-, tri-, and tetra-atomic small molecules (O2, NO2, and NH3, respectively) coordinated to Co-porphyrin on Au(111). A square ring structure was observed for O2, a rectangular ring structure for NO2, and a bright-center structure for NH3 at 80 K. The symmetries of experimental STM images were reproduced in density functional theory (DFT) calculations, considering the precession motion of the small molecules. Thus, this study shows that the structure of small molecules coordinated to metalloporphyrins can be visualized using high-resolution STM and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hui Chang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Wang B, Shi Y, Tejero J, Powell SM, Thomas LM, Gladwin MT, Shiva S, Zhang Y, Richter-Addo GB. Nitrosyl Myoglobins and Their Nitrite Precursors: Crystal Structural and Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics Theoretical Investigations of Preferred Fe -NO Ligand Orientations in Myoglobin Distal Pockets. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4788-4802. [PMID: 29999305 PMCID: PMC6474360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The globular dioxygen binding heme protein myoglobin (Mb) is present in several species. Its interactions with the simple nitrogen oxides, namely, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrite, have been known for decades, but the physiological relevance has only recently become more fully appreciated. We previously reported the O-nitrito mode of binding of nitrite to ferric horse heart wild-type (wt) MbIII and human hemoglobin. We have expanded on this work and report the interactions of nitrite with wt sperm whale (sw) MbIII and its H64A, H64Q, and V68A/I107Y mutants whose dissociation constants increase in the following order: H64Q < wt < V68A/I107Y < H64A. We also report their X-ray crystal structures that reveal the O-nitrito mode of binding of nitrite to these derivatives. The MbII-mediated reductions of nitrite to NO and structural data for the wt and mutant MbII-NOs are described. We show that their FeNO orientations vary with distal pocket identity, with the FeNO moieties pointing toward the hydrophobic interiors when the His64 residue is present but toward the hydrophilic exterior when this His64 residue is absent in this set of mutants. This correlates with the nature of H-bonding to the bound NO ligand (nitrosyl O vs N atom). Quantum mechanics and hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics calculations help elucidate the origin of the experimentally preferred NO orientations. In a few cases, the calculations reproduce the experimentally observed orientations only when the whole protein is taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Yelu Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson,
Hoboken, NJ 07030
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Samantha M. Powell
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Leonard M. Thomas
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA
15213
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson,
Hoboken, NJ 07030
| | - George B. Richter-Addo
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019
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9
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Nilsson ZN, Mandella BL, Sen K, Kekilli D, Hough MA, Moenne-Loccoz P, Strange RW, Andrew CR. Distinguishing Nitro vs Nitrito Coordination in Cytochrome c' Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13205-13213. [PMID: 29053273 PMCID: PMC5677563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite coordination to heme cofactors is a key step in the anaerobic production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). An ambidentate ligand, nitrite has the potential to coordinate via the N- (nitro) or O- (nitrito) atoms in a manner that can direct its reactivity. Distinguishing nitro vs nitrito coordination, along with the influence of the surrounding protein, is therefore of particular interest. In this study, we probed Fe(III) heme-nitrite coordination in Alcaligenes xylosoxidans cytochrome c' (AXCP), an NO carrier that excludes anions in its native state but that readily binds nitrite (Kd ∼ 0.5 mM) following a distal Leu16 → Gly mutation to remove distal steric constraints. Room-temperature resonance Raman spectra (407 nm excitation) identify ν(Fe-NO2), δ(ONO), and νs(NO2) nitrite ligand vibrations in solution. Illumination with 351 nm UV light results in photoconversion to {FeNO}6 and {FeNO}7 states, enabling FTIR measurements to distinguish νs(NO2) and νas(NO2) vibrations from differential spectra. Density functional theory calculations highlight the connections between heme environment, nitrite coordination mode, and vibrational properties and confirm that nitrite binds to L16G AXCP exclusively through the N atom. Efforts to obtain the nitrite complex crystal structure were hampered by photochemistry in the X-ray beam. Although low dose crystal structures could be modeled with a mixed nitrite (nitro)/H2O distal population, their photosensitivity and partial occupancy underscores the value of the vibrational approach. Overall, this study sheds light on steric determinants of heme-nitrite binding and provides vibrational benchmarks for future studies of heme protein nitrite reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach N. Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, Oregon 97850, United States
| | - Brian L. Mandella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, Oregon 97850, United States
| | - Kakali Sen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Demet Kekilli
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Hough
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Moenne-Loccoz
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Richard W. Strange
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R. Andrew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, Oregon 97850, United States
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10
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Doagoo M, Eslami A, Hasani N. A combined theoretical and thermal analysis study on the solid state linkage isomerization of Ni(II)-nitrite complexes with ethylenediamine derivatives. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1346793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Doagoo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Abbas Eslami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Nahid Hasani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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11
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Zhang TT, Liu YD, Zhong RG. Iron(II) porphyrins induced conversion of nitrite into nitric oxide: A computational study. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 150:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Sanz García J, Alary F, Boggio-Pasqua M, Dixon IM, Malfant I, Heully JL. Establishing the Two-Photon Linkage Isomerization Mechanism in the Nitrosyl Complex trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]2+ by DFT and TDDFT. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8310-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sanz García
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Alary
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle M. Dixon
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Malfant
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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13
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Sundararajan M, Neese F. Distal Histidine Modulates the Unusual O-Binding of Nitrite to Myoglobin: Evidence from the Quantum Chemical Analysis of EPR Parameters. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:7209-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Sundararajan
- Theoretical Chemistry
Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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14
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Vchirawongkwin S, Kritayakornupong C, Tongraar A, Vchirawongkwin V. Hydration properties determining the reactivity of nitrite in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:12164-74. [PMID: 24840033 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the hydration properties of the nitrite ion is key to understanding its reaction mechanism controlled by solvent effects. Here, ab initio quantum mechanical charge field molecular dynamics was performed to obtain the structural and dynamical properties of the hydration shell in an aqueous solution of nitrite ions, elucidated by data analysis using a molecular approach and an extended quantitative analysis of all superimposed trajectories with three-dimensional alignment (density map). The pattern of the power spectra corresponded to the experimental data, indicating the suitability of the Hartree-Fock method coupled with double-ζ plus polarization and diffuse functional basis sets to study this system. The density maps revealed the structure of the hydration shell, that presented a higher density in the N-O bond direction than in the axis vertical to the molecular plane, whereas the atomic and molecular radial distribution functions provided vague information. The number of actual contacts indicated 4.6 water molecules interacting with a nitrite ion, and 1.5 extra water molecules located in the molecular hydration shell, forming a H-bonding network with the bulk water. The mean residence times for the water ligands designated the strength of the hydration spheres for the oxygen sites, whilst the results for the nitrogen sites over-estimated the number of water molecules from other sites and indicated a weak structure. These results show the influence of the water molecules surrounding the nitrite ion creating an anisotropic hydration shell, suggesting that the reactive sites are situated above and below the molecular plane with a lower water density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowapak Vchirawongkwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Patumthani 12000, Thailand
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15
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Molecular structure and nitrite-bonded study on copper(II) complexes of N,N-dialkyl,N′-benzyl-ethylenediamine; synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray structure, steric effect and density functional theory calculations. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Lockwood CWJ, Burlat B, Cheesman MR, Kern M, Simon J, Clarke TA, Richardson DJ, Butt JN. Resolution of Key Roles for the Distal Pocket Histidine in Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductases. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3059-68. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512941j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melanie Kern
- Microbial
Energy Conversion and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg Simon
- Microbial
Energy Conversion and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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17
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Lambrou A, Pinakoulaki E. Resonance Raman detection of the myoglobin nitrito heme Fe–O–NO/2-nitrovinyl species: implications for helix E-helix F interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3841-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We present resonance Raman evidence for the formation of myoglobin nitrito heme Fe–O–NO/2-nitrovinyl and propose that the species we have detected at acidic pH is the myoglobin nitrous heme Fe–(H)O–NO/2-nitrovinyl complex.
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18
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Thermoanalytical study of linkage isomerism in coordination compounds. Part 5: A DSC and DFT study on the linkage isomerization of the dinitrito and dinitro isomers of cis-tetraamminecobalt(III) complexes. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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20
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Loullis A, Noor MR, Soulimane T, Pinakoulaki E. The structure of a ferrous heme-nitro species in the binuclear heme a3/CuB center of ba3-cytochrome c oxidase as determined by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:286-9. [PMID: 25406996 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of the cytochrome c oxidase family exhibit nitrite reductase activity. In this work, we have characterized a ferrous heme a3-nitro species in ba3-oxidase by resonance Raman spectroscopy. This provides the first evidence for the structure of a nitrite-bound species in the binuclear heme/copper center of cytochrome c oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Loullis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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21
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Kurtikyan TS, Hayrapetyan VA, Mehrabyan MM, Ford PC. Six-coordinate nitrito and nitrato complexes of manganese porphyrin. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11948-59. [PMID: 25369232 DOI: 10.1021/ic5014329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of small increments of NO2 gas with sublimed amorphous layers of Mn(II)(TPP) (TPP = meso-tetra-phenylporphyrinato dianion) in a vacuum cryostat leads to formation of the 5-coordinate monodentate nitrato complex Mn(III)(TPP)(η(1)-ONO2) (II). This transformation proceeds through the two distinct steps with initial formation of the five coordinate O-nitrito complex Mn(III)(TPP)(η(1)-ONO) (I) as demonstrated by the electronic absorption spectra and by FTIR spectra using differently labeled nitrogen dioxide. A plausible mechanism for the second stage of reaction is offered based on the spectral changes observed upon subsequent interaction of (15)NO2 and NO2 with the layered Mn(TPP). Low-temperature interaction of I and II with the vapors of various ligands L (L = O-, S-, and N-donors) leads to formation of the 6-coordinate O-nitrito Mn(III)(TPP)(L)(η(1)-ONO) and monodentate nitrato Mn(III)(TPP)(L)(η(1)-ONO2) complexes, respectively. Formation of the 6-coordinate O-nitrito complex is accompanied by the shifts of the ν(N═O) band to lower frequency and of the ν(N-O) band to higher frequency. The frequency difference between these bands Δν = ν(N═O) - ν(N-O) is a function of L and is smaller for the stronger bases. Reaction of excess NH3 with I leads to formation of Mn(TPP)(NH3)(η(1)-ONO) and of the cation [Mn(TPP)(NH3)2](+) plus ionic nitrite. The nitrito complexes are relatively unstable, but several of the nitrato species can be observed in the solid state at room temperature. For example, the tetrahydrofuran complex Mn(TPP)(THF)(η(1)-ONO2) is stable in the presence of THF vapors (∼5 mm), but it loses this ligand upon high vacuum pumping at RT. When L = dimethylsulfide (DMS), the nitrato complex is stable only to ∼-30 °C. Reactions of II with the N-donor ligands NH3, pyridine, or 1-methylimidazole are more complex. With these ligands, the nitrato complexes Mn(III)(TPP)(L)(η(1)-ONO2) and the cationic complexes [Mn(TPP)(L)2](+) coexist in the layer at room temperature, the latter formed as a result of NO3(-) displacement when L is in excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kurtikyan
- Molecule Structure Research Centre (MSRC) of the Scientific and Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS , 375014, Yerevan, Armenia
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22
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Eslami A, Hasani N, Yeganegi S. A Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Theoretical Study on the Isomerization oftrans-[Co(cyclam)(ONO)2]X (X = PF6-, ClO4-). Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Viciano I, Berski S, Martí S, Andrés J. New insight into the electronic structure of iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin compound I. A quantum chemical topological analysis. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:780-9. [PMID: 23233452 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of iron-oxo porphyrin π-cation radical complex Por(·+) Fe(IV)=O (S-H) has been studied for doublet and quartet electronic states by means of two methods of the quantum chemical topology analysis: electron localization function (ELF) η(r) and electron density ρ(r). The formation of this complex leads to essential perturbation of the topological structure of the carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin moiety. The double C=C bonds in the pyrrole anion subunits, represented by pair of bonding disynaptic basins V(i=1,2)(C,C) in isolated porphyrin, are replaced by single attractor V(C,C)(i=1-20) after complexation with the Fe cation. The iron-nitrogen bonds are covalent dative bonds, N→Fe, described by the disynaptic bonding basins V(Fe,N)(i=1-4), where electron density is almost formed by the lone pairs of the N atoms. The nature of the iron-oxygen bond predicted by the ELF topological analysis, shows a main contribution of the electrostatic interaction, Fe(δ+)···O(δ-), as long as no attractors between the C(Fe) and C(O) core basins were found, although there are common surfaces between the iron and oxygen basines and coupling between iron and oxygen lone pairs, that could be interpreted as a charge-shift bond. The Fe-S bond, characterized by the disynaptic bonding basin V(Fe,S), is partially a dative bond with the lone pair donated from sulfur atom. The change of electronic state from the doublet (M = 2) to quartet (M = 4) leads to reorganization of spin polarization, which is observed only for the porphyrin skeleton (-0.43e to 0.50e) and S-H bond (-0.55e to 0.52e).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Viciano
- Departamento de Química-Física y Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló, Spain
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24
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Small ligand-globin interactions: reviewing lessons derived from computer simulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1722-38. [PMID: 23470499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work we review the application of classical and quantum-mechanical atomistic computer simulation tools to the investigation of small ligand interaction with globins. In the first part, studies of ligand migration, with its connection to kinetic association rate constants (kon), are presented. In the second part, we review studies for a variety of ligands such as O2, NO, CO, HS(-), F(-), and NO2(-) showing how the heme structure, proximal effects, and the interactions with the distal amino acids can modulate protein ligand binding. The review presents mainly results derived from our previous works on the subject, in the context of other theoretical and experimental studies performed by others. The variety and extent of the presented data yield a clear example of how computer simulation tools have, in the last decade, contributed to our deeper understanding of small ligand interactions with globins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins.
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25
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Xu N, Goodrich LE, Lehnert N, Powell DR, Richter-Addo GB. Preparation of the Elusive [(por)Fe(NO)(O-ligand)] Complex by Diffusion of Nitric Oxide into a Crystal of the Precursor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Xu N, Goodrich LE, Lehnert N, Powell DR, Richter-Addo GB. Preparation of the elusive [(por)Fe(NO)(O-ligand)] complex by diffusion of nitric oxide into a crystal of the precursor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3896-900. [PMID: 23460524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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27
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Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Reactions Mediated by Biologically Relevant Metal Centers. NITROSYL COMPLEXES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND MEDICINE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2013_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Fry NL, Mascharak PK. Photolability of NO in designed metal nitrosyls with carboxamido-N donors: a theoretical attempt to unravel the mechanism. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:4726-35. [PMID: 22388493 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During the past few years, photoactive metal nitrosyls (NO complexes of metals) have drawn attention as potential drugs for delivery of nitric oxide (NO) to biological targets under the control of light. Major success in this area has been achieved with designed metal nitrosyls derived from ligands that contain carboxamide group(s). A number of iron, manganese and ruthenium {MNO}(6) nitrosyls of such kind exhibit excellent NO photolability under low-power visible and near-IR light. The results of theoretical studies on these NO-donors have provided insight into (a) the electronic transitions that lead to photorelease of NO and (b) the structural features of the ligands that dictate the sensitivity of the nitrosyls to light of specific wavelengths. In addition, the results have afforded clear understanding of the electronic configurations of the various nitrosyls. This article highlights these results in a coherent manner. Good matches between the predicted and observed spectral features and NO photolability strongly suggest that theoretical studies should be an integral part of the smart design of such NO-donors in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Fry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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29
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Benmansour S, Setifi F, Triki S, Gómez-García CJ. Linkage isomerism in coordination polymers. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:2359-65. [PMID: 22296602 DOI: 10.1021/ic202361p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of the recently prepared polynitrile ligand tcnopr3OH(-) ([(NC)(2)CC(OCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)OH)C(CN)(2)](-)) with different salts of Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) has led to a very rare example of linkage isomerism in a coordination chain. These pairs of linkage isomers can be formulated as [M(tcnopr3OH-κN,κO)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]; M = Fe (1), Co (3), and Ni(5) and [M(tcnopr3OH-κN,κN')(2)(H(2)O)(2)]; M = Fe (2), Co (4), and Ni (6). Compounds 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 are three pairs of linkage isomers since they present the same formula and chain structure and they only differ in the connectivity of the polynitrile ligand bridging the metal ions in the chain: through a N and an O atom (1κN:2κO-isomer) or through two N atoms (1κN:2κN'-isomer). The magnetic properties show, as expected, very similar behaviors for both isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Benmansour
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Parque Científico, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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30
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Iordache PZ, Lungu RM, Safta I. Encapsulation of highly toxic organic compounds: Novelly functionalized nanoparticles for the safe storage of pollutants and their by-products. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20959d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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31
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Kurtikyan TS, Hayrapetyan VA, Martirosyan GG, Ghazaryan RK, Iretskii AV, Zhao H, Pierloot K, Ford PC. Nitrosyl isomerism in amorphous Mn(TPP)(NO) solids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:12088-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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32
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Pellegrino J, Hübner R, Doctorovich F, Kaim W. Spectroelectrochemical Evidence for the Nitrosyl Redox Siblings NO
+
, NO
.
, and NO
−
Coordinated to a Strongly Electron‐Accepting Fe
II
Porphyrin: DFT Calculations Suggest the Presence of High‐Spin States after Reduction of the Fe
II
–NO
−
Complex. Chemistry 2011; 17:7868-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellegrino
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica, y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. INQUIMAE‐CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires (Argentina), Fax: +54 11 4576‐3341
| | - Ralph Hübner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart (Germany), Fax: (+49) 711 685 64165
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica, y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. INQUIMAE‐CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires (Argentina), Fax: +54 11 4576‐3341
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart (Germany), Fax: (+49) 711 685 64165
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33
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Hopmann KH, Cardey B, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB, Ghosh A. Hemoglobin as a nitrite anhydrase: modeling methemoglobin-mediated N2O3 formation. Chemistry 2011; 17:6348-58. [PMID: 21590821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite has recently been recognized as a storage form of NO in blood and as playing a key role in hypoxic vasodilation. The nitrite ion is readily reduced to NO by hemoglobin in red blood cells, which, as it happens, also presents a conundrum. Given NO's enormous affinity for ferrous heme, a key question concerns how it escapes capture by hemoglobin as it diffuses out of the red cells and to the endothelium, where vasodilation takes place. Dinitrogen trioxide (N(2)O(3)) has been proposed as a vehicle that transports NO to the endothelium, where it dissociates to NO and NO(2). Although N(2)O(3) formation might be readily explained by the reaction Hb-Fe(3+)+NO(2)(-)+NO⇌Hb-Fe(2+)+N(2)O(3), the exact manner in which methemoglobin (Hb-Fe(3+)), nitrite and NO interact with one another is unclear. Both an "Hb-Fe(3+)-NO(2)(-)+NO" pathway and an "Hb-Fe(3+)-NO+NO(2)(-) " pathway have been proposed. Neither pathway has been established experimentally. Nor has there been any attempt until now to theoretically model N(2)O(3) formation, the so-called nitrite anhydrase reaction. Both pathways have been examined here in a detailed density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP/TZP) study and both have been found to be feasible based on energetics criteria. Modeling the "Hb-Fe(3+)-NO(2)(-)+NO" pathway proved complex. Not only are multiple linkage-isomeric (N- and O-coordinated) structures conceivable for methemoglobin-nitrite, multiple isomeric forms are also possible for N(2)O(3) (the lowest-energy state has an N-N-bonded nitronitrosyl structure, O(2)N-NO). We considered multiple spin states of methemoglobin-nitrite as well as ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling of the Fe(3+) and NO spins. Together, the isomerism and spin variables result in a diabolically complex combinatorial space of reaction pathways. Fortunately, transition states could be successfully calculated for the vast majority of these reaction channels, both M(S)=0 and M(S)=1. For a six-coordinate Fe(3+)-O-nitrito starting geometry, which is plausible for methemoglobin-nitrite, we found that N(2)O(3) formation entails barriers of about 17-20 kcal mol(-1) , which is reasonable for a physiologically relevant reaction. For the "Hb-Fe(3+) -NO+NO(2) (-) " pathway, which was also found to be energetically reasonable, our calculations indicate a two-step mechanism. The first step involves transfer of an electron from NO(2)(-) to the Fe(3+)-heme-NO center ({FeNO}(6)) , resulting in formation of nitrogen dioxide and an Fe(2+)-heme-NO center ({FeNO}(7)). Subsequent formation of N(2)O(3) entails a barrier of only 8.1 kcal mol(-1) . From an energetics point of view, the nitrite anhydrase reaction thus is a reasonable proposition. Although it is tempting to interpret our results as favoring the "{FeNO}(6)+NO(2)(-) " pathway over the "Fe(3+)-nitrite+NO" pathway, both pathways should be considered energetically reasonable for a biological reaction and it seems inadvisable to favor a unique reaction channel based solely on quantum chemical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin H Hopmann
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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34
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Silva VH, Martins MP, de Oliveira HC, Camargo AJ. Theoretical investigation of nitric oxide interaction with aluminum phthalocyanine. J Mol Graph Model 2011; 29:777-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Lynch MS, Cheng M, Van Kuiken BE, Khalil M. Probing the Photoinduced Metal−Nitrosyl Linkage Isomerism of Sodium Nitroprusside in Solution Using Transient Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5255-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110881n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mark Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Van Kuiken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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36
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Yan SH, Zheng XJ, Li LC, Yuan DQ, Jin LP. Self-assembly and characterization of copper 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylate complexes based on a variety of polynuclear hydroxo clusters. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:1758-67. [PMID: 21246144 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00917b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of copper(ii) ion, 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylate (PDC), and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) under basic conditions at 100 °C affords four PDC linked copper(ii) complexes, [Cu(4)(μ(2)-OH)(3)(μ(3)-OH)(PDC)(phen)(4)](n)·n(PDC)·11.5 nH2O (1), [Cu(4)(μ(2)-OH)(2)(μ(3)-OH)(2)(PDC)(phen)(4)](n)·n(PDC)· 11.5 nH(2)O (2), [Cu(8)(μ(2)-OH)(2)(μ(3)-OH)(6)(PDC)(2)(phen)(8)]·2(PDC)·23 H(2)O (3), and [Cu(3.5)(μ(2)-OH)(3) (PDC)(2)(phen)](n) (4). 1-4 are copper hydroxo complexes, and 1, 2 and 3 co-crystallized from the one-pot reaction. X-ray single crystal diffraction analyses indicate that complexes 1 and 2 are linkage isomers and contain tetranuclear copper cluster cores with different geometry, and that PDC links the cluster core to form a one-dimensional chain. Complex 3 is a discrete step-like octanuclear copper hydroxo cluster complex. The involvement of hydroxo and phen in the coordination makes some coordination sites of PDC idle, which leads to rich hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions in complexes 1, 2 and 3. Complex 4 contains two types of copper hydroxo cluster cores: chair-like tetranuclear and linear trinuclear units, and the cluster cores are linked by PDC to a double-layer metal-organic framework. Magnetic properties of 1, 3 and 4 were investigated. The results reveal that complexes 3 and 4 exhibit strong antiferromagnetic interactions whereas ferromagnetic coupling is predominant for complex 1. The magnetic properties are analyzed in connection with their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Yan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, PR. China.
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37
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Fry NL, Zhao XP, Mascharak PK. Density functional theory studies on a designed photoactive {FeNO}6 nitrosyl and the corresponding photoinactive {FeNO}7 species: Insight into the origin of NO photolability. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Xu N, Yi J, Richter-Addo GB. Linkage isomerization in heme-NOx compounds: understanding NO, nitrite, and hyponitrite interactions with iron porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:6253-66. [PMID: 20666385 DOI: 10.1021/ic902423v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives such as nitrite and hyponitrite are biologically important species of relevance to human health. Much of their physiological relevance stems from their interactions with the iron centers in heme proteins. The chemical reactivities displayed by the heme-NOx species (NOx = NO, nitrite, hyponitrite) are a function of the binding modes of the NOx ligands. Hence, an understanding of the types of binding modes extant in heme-NOx compounds is important if we are to unravel the inherent chemical properties of these NOx metabolites. In this Forum Article, the experimentally characterized linkage isomers of heme-NOx models and proteins are presented and reviewed. Nitrosyl linkage isomers of synthetic iron and ruthenium porphyrins have been generated by photolysis at low temperatures and characterized by spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Nitrite linkage isomers in synthetic metalloporphyrin derivatives have been generated from photolysis experiments and in low-temperature matrices. In the case of nitrite adducts of heme proteins, both N and O binding have been determined crystallographically, and the role of the distal H-bonding residue in myoglobin in directing the O-binding mode of nitrite has been explored using mutagenesis. To date, only one synthetic metalloporphyrin complex containing a hyponitrite ligand (displaying an O-binding mode) has been characterized by crystallography. This is contrasted with other hyponitrite binding modes experimentally determined for coordination compounds and computationally for NO reductase enzymes. Although linkage isomerism in heme-NOx derivatives is still in its infancy, opportunities now exist for a detailed exploration of the existence and stabilities of the metastable states in both heme models and heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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39
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Kurtikyan TS, Gulyan GM, Dalaloyan AM, Kidd BE, Goodwin JA. Six-Coordinate Nitrosyl and Nitro Complexes of meso-Tetratolylporphyrinatocobalt with Trans Sulfur-Donor Ligands. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7793-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1007846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tigran S. Kurtikyan
- Molecule Structure Research Center of Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS, 26 Azatutyan av., 375014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gurgen M. Gulyan
- Molecule Structure Research Center of Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS, 26 Azatutyan av., 375014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arina M. Dalaloyan
- Molecule Structure Research Center of Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS, 26 Azatutyan av., 375014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Bryce E. Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, P.O. Box 261954, Conway, South Carolina 29526-6054
| | - John A. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, P.O. Box 261954, Conway, South Carolina 29526-6054
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93110-9510
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41
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Yi J, Heinecke J, Tan H, Ford PC, Richter-Addo GB. The distal pocket histidine residue in horse heart myoglobin directs the O-binding mode of nitrite to the heme iron. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:18119-28. [PMID: 19924902 DOI: 10.1021/ja904726q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is now well-established that mammalian heme proteins are reactive with various nitrogen oxide species and that these reactions may play significant roles in mammalian physiology. For example, the ferrous heme protein myoglobin (Mb) has been shown to reduce nitrite (NO(2)(-)) to nitric oxide (NO) under hypoxic conditions. We demonstrate here that the distal pocket histidine residue (His64) of horse heart metMb(III) (i.e., ferric Mb(III)) has marked effects on the mode of nitrite ion coordination to the iron center. X-ray crystal structures were determined for the mutant proteins metMb(III) H64V (2.0 A resolution) and its nitrite ion adduct metMb(III) H64V-nitrite (1.95 A resolution), and metMb(III) H64V/V67R (1.9 A resolution) and its nitrite ion adduct metMb(III) H64V/V67R-nitrite (2.0 A resolution). These are compared to the known structures of wild-type (wt) hh metMb(III) and its nitrite ion adduct hh metMb(III)-nitrite, which binds NO(2)(-) via an O-atom in a trans-FeONO configuration. Unlike wt metMb(III), no axial H(2)O is evident in either of the metMb(III) mutant structures. In the ferric H64V-nitrite structure, replacement of the distal His residue with Val alters the binding mode of nitrite from the nitrito (O-binding) form in the wild-type protein to a weakly bound nitro (N-binding) form. Reintroducing a H-bonding residue in the H64V/V67R double mutant restores the O-binding mode of nitrite. We have also examined the effects of these mutations on reactivities of the metMb(III)s with cysteine as a reducing agent and of the (ferrous) Mb(II)s with nitrite ion under anaerobic conditions. The Mb(II)s were generated by reduction of the Mb(III) precursors in a second-order reaction with cysteine, the rate constants for this step following the order H64V/V67R > H64V >> wt. The rate constants for the oxidation of the Mb(II)s by nitrite (giving NO as the other product) follow the order wt > H64V/V67R >> H64V and suggest a significant role of the distal pocket H-bonding residue in nitrite reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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42
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Heinecke J, Ford PC. Mechanistic studies of nitrite reactions with metalloproteins and models relevant to mammalian physiology. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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An electron paramagnetic resonance study of the affinity of nitrite for methemoglobin. Nitric Oxide 2009; 22:149-54. [PMID: 19895897 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggests that reactions of nitrite with ferric hemoglobin are potentially important in heme-protein dependent NO signaling. Our group and others are evaluating the role of reductive nitrosylation reactions in the generation of N(2)O(3) as a signaling molecule. The latter reaction is hypothesized to involve reactions on NO, nitrite and methemoglobin to form N(2)O(3) in an anhydrase reaction. Of potential importance to these reactions is the affinity of methemoglobin for nitrite and the reactivity of nitrite-bound methemoglobin with nitric oxide. In this paper, we review work related to the electronic structure of nitrite-bound methemoglobin and its dissociation constant. We present new data using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy which confirm that methemoglobin has a much higher affinity for nitrite, under certain conditions, than reported in classical observations. Interestingly the affinity is greatest at lower pH and low nitrite:methemoglobin ratios. These data suggest additional interesting chemistry in the reaction of nitrite with ferric and ferrous heme species. Moreover, this reaction could serve as a paradigm for ferric heme reactions with nitrite.
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44
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Schaniel D, Woike T, Behrnd NR, Hauser J, Krämer KW, Todorova T, Delley B. Photogeneration of Nitrosyl Linkage Isomers in Octahedrally Coordinated Platinum Complexes in the Red Spectral Range. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:11399-406. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901392q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schaniel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicherstrasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Theo Woike
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicherstrasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Norwid-R. Behrnd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestr. 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestr. 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl W. Krämer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestr. 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Teodora Todorova
- Condensed Matter Theory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Delley
- Condensed Matter Theory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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45
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Kurtikyan TS, Hovhannisyan AA, Iretskii A, Ford PC. Reaction of the Five-Coordinate O-Nitrito Complex Fe(Por)(ONO) (Por = meso-tetra-arylporphyrinato) with THF Gives Two Six-Coordinate Isomers. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the proximal ligand on the coordination of the nitrite ligand to the heme model systems Fe(Por)(η1-ONO) (Por = meso-tetraarylporphyrinato dianion) was investigated by FTIR and UV-vis spectra in solvent free, low temperature, porous layered solids and by density functional computations. The reaction of the five-coordinate complex Fe(Por)(η1-ONO) with the ether tetrahydrofuran gives a mixture of the O-nitrito and N-nitrito isomers Fe(Por)(THF)(η1-ONO) and Fe(Por)(THF)(NO2), respectively. This observation is in contrast to earlier studies with nitrogen donor Lewis bases where the N-nitrito isomers were clearly the more stable of the six-coordinated complexes. The adduct formation is reversible; the five-coordinate O-nitrito complexes Fe(Por)(η1-ONO) were largely restored upon warming under vacuum pumping.
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46
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Praneeth VKK, Paulat F, Berto TC, George SD, Näther C, Sulok CD, Lehnert N. Electronic Structure of Six-Coordinate Iron(III)−Porphyrin NO Adducts: The Elusive Iron(III)−NO(radical) State and Its Influence on the Properties of These Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15288-303. [PMID: 18942830 DOI: 10.1021/ja801860u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. K. K. Praneeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Paulat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Timothy C. Berto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinne D. Sulok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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47
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Sawyer KR, Steele RP, Glascoe EA, Cahoon JF, Schlegel JP, Head-Gordon M, Harris CB. Direct observation of photoinduced bent nitrosyl excited-state complexes. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8505-14. [PMID: 18729431 DOI: 10.1021/jp802705w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ground-state structures with side-on nitrosyl (eta (2)-NO) and isonitrosyl (ON) ligands have been observed in a variety of transition-metal complexes. In contrast, excited-state structures with bent-NO ligands have been proposed for years but never directly observed. Here, we use picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) modeling to study the photochemistry of Co(CO) 3(NO), a model transition-metal-NO compound. Surprisingly, we have observed no evidence for ON and eta (2)-NO structural isomers, but we have observed two bent-NO complexes. DFT modeling of the ground- and excited-state potentials indicates that the bent-NO complexes correspond to triplet excited states. Photolysis of Co(CO) 3(NO) with a 400-nm pump pulse leads to population of a manifold of excited states which decay to form an excited-state triplet bent-NO complex within 1 ps. This structure relaxes to the ground triplet state in ca. 350 ps to form a second bent-NO structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma R Sawyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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48
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Perissinotti LL, Marti MA, Doctorovich F, Luque FJ, Estrin DA. A Microscopic Study of the Deoxyhemoglobin-Catalyzed Generation of Nitric Oxide from Nitrite Anion. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9793-802. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Perissinotti
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo A. Marti
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dario A. Estrin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Rovira C. Unravelling the intrinsic features of NO binding to iron(II)- and iron(III)-hemes. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7792-801. [PMID: 18681420 DOI: 10.1021/ic800953w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization of appropriate precursors is used to deliver [Fe (III)-heme] (+) and [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+) ions as naked species in the gas phase where their ion chemistry has been examined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. In the naked, four-coordinate [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+) and [Fe (III)-heme] (+) ions, the intrinsic reactivity of iron(II)- and iron(III)-hemes is revealed free from any influence due to axial ligand, counterion, or solvent effects. Ligand (L) addition and ligand transfer equilibria with a series of selected neutrals are attained when [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+), corresponding to protonated Fe (II)-heme, is allowed to react in the FT-ICR cell. A Heme Cation Basicity (HCB) ladder for the various ligands toward [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+), corresponding to -Delta G degrees for the process [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+) + L --> [Fe (II)-hemeH(L)] (+) and named HCB (II), can thus be established. The so-obtained HCB (II) values are compared with the corresponding HCB (III) values for [Fe (III)-heme] (+). In spite of pronounced differences displayed by various ligands, NO shows a quite similar HCB of about 67 kJ mol (-1) at 300 K toward both ions, estimated to correspond to a binding energy of 124 kJ mol (-1). Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations confirm the experimental results, yielding very similar values of NO binding energies to [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+) and [Fe (III)-heme] (+), equal to 140 and 144 kJ mol (-1), respectively. The kinetic study of the NO association reaction supports the equilibrium HCB data and reveals that the two species share very close rate constant values both for the forward and for the reverse reaction. These gas phase results diverge markedly from the kinetics and thermodynamic behavior of NO binding to iron(II)- and iron(III)-heme proteins and model complexes in solution. The requisite of either a very labile or a vacant coordination site on iron for a facile addition of NO to occur, suggested to explain the bias for typically five-coordinate iron(II) species in solution, is fully supported by the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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50
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Singh P, Das AK, Sarkar B, Niemeyer M, Roncaroli F, Olabe JA, Fiedler J, Záliš S, Kaim W. Redox Properties of Ruthenium Nitrosyl Porphyrin Complexes with Different Axial Ligation: Structural, Spectroelectrochemical (IR, UV−Visible, and EPR), and Theoretical Studies. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7106-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702371t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Singh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Niemeyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - José A. Olabe
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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