1
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Xing Y, Dong Y, Goergakis C, Zhuang Y, Zhang L, Du J, Meng Q. Automatic Data‐driven Stoichiometry Identification and Kinetic Modeling Framework for Homogeneous Organic Reactions. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Systems Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Yachao Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Systems Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Christos Goergakis
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Systems Research Institute, Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
| | - Yu Zhuang
- School of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Systems Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Systems Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Jian Du
- School of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Systems Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Department Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
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2
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Pallu J, Rabin C, Hui P, Moreira TS, Creste G, Calvet C, Limoges B, Mavré F, Branca M. Exponential amplification by redox cross-catalysis and unmasking of doubly protected molecular probes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2764-2777. [PMID: 35356676 PMCID: PMC8890127 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of autocatalytic reactions lies in their ability to provide a powerful means of molecular amplification, which can be very useful for improving the analytical performances of a multitude of analytical and bioanalytical methods. However, one of the major difficulties in designing an efficient autocatalytic amplification system is the requirement for reactants that are both highly reactive and chemically stable in order to avoid limitations imposed by undesirable background amplifications. In the present work, we devised a reaction network based on a redox cross-catalysis principle, in which two catalytic loops activate each other. The first loop, catalyzed by H2O2, involves the oxidative deprotection of a naphthylboronate ester probe into a redox-active naphthohydroquinone, which in turn catalyzes the production of H2O2 by redox cycling in the presence of a reducing enzyme/substrate couple. We present here a set of new molecular probes with improved reactivity and stability, resulting in particularly steep sigmoidal kinetic traces and enhanced discrimination between specific and nonspecific responses. This translates into the sensitive detection of H2O2 down to a few nM in less than 10 minutes or a redox cycling compound such as the 2-amino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone down to 50 pM in less than 30 minutes. The critical reason leading to these remarkably good performances is the extended stability stemming from the double masking of the naphthohydroquinone core by two boronate groups, a counterintuitive strategy if we consider the need for two equivalents of H2O2 for full deprotection. An in-depth study of the mechanism and dynamics of this complex reaction network is conducted in order to better understand, predict and optimize its functioning. From this investigation, the time response as well as detection limit are found to be highly dependent on pH, nature of the buffer, and concentration of the reducing enzyme. Reduction of the non-specific background in autocatalytic molecular amplifications by a double masking strategy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Pallu
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Charlie Rabin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Pan Hui
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Thamires S Moreira
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Geordie Creste
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Corentin Calvet
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Benoît Limoges
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - François Mavré
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Mathieu Branca
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
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Moussa S, Chhin D, Pollegioni L, Mauzeroll J. Quantitative measurements of free and immobilized RgDAAO Michaelis-Menten constant using an electrochemical assay reveal the impact of covalent cross-linking on substrate specificity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6793-6802. [PMID: 33791826 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Challenges facing enzyme-based electrochemical sensors include substrate specificity, batch to batch reproducibility, and lack of quantitative metrics related to the effect of enzyme immobilization. We present a quick, simple, and general approach for measuring the effect of immobilization and cross-linking on enzyme activity and substrate specificity. The method can be generalized for electrochemical biosensors using an enzyme that releases hydrogen peroxide during its catalytic cycle. Using as proof of concept RgDAAO-based electrochemical biosensors, we found that the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) decreases post immobilization, hinting at alterations in the enzyme kinetic properties and thus substrate specificity. We confirm the decrease in Km electrochemically by characterizing the substrate specificity of the immobilized RgDAAO using chronoamperometry. Our results demonstrate that enzyme immobilization affects enzyme substrate specificity and this must be carefully evaluated during biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Danny Chhin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi deII'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.
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4
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Costentin C, Limoges B, Robert M, Tard C. A Pioneering Career in Electrochemistry: Jean-Michel Savéant. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Costentin
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5250, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Limoges
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Marc Robert
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Tard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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5
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Smith LA, Glasscott MW, Vannoy KJ, Dick JE. Enzyme Kinetics via Open Circuit Potentiometry. Anal Chem 2019; 92:2266-2273. [PMID: 31830783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the application of open circuit potentiometry (OCP) to measure enzyme turnover kinetics, kturn. The electrode surface will become poised by the addition of a well-behaved redox pair, such as ferrocenemethanol/ferrocenium methanol (FcMeOH/FcMeOH+), which acts as the cosubstrate for the enzymatic process. A measurable change in potential results when an enzyme consumes the one-electron transfer mediator. Glucose oxidase was studied as a test-case, but the method is generalizable across oxidoreductase enzymes that rely on electron transfer mediators. In the presence of glucose and FcMeOH+, glucose oxidase delivers electrons to FcMeOH+, and the potential changes with respect to the Nernst equation. A theoretical model incorporating enzymatic rate expressions into the Nernst equation was derived to explain the observed potential transients, and experimental data fit theory well. A similar experiment was performed using amperometry on ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs). Here, the same enzymatic rate expression may be incorporated into the equation for steady-state flux to an UME to obtain kturn. While similar kinetic information was obtained from the potentiometric and amperometric responses, potentiometry is independent of electrode size and mass transfer effects. Finally, we show how kturn changes as a function of one-electron mediator. Our results may eventually find applications to biosensors, where electrode fouling plagues long-term sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lettie A Smith
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Matthew W Glasscott
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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6
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Pilas J, Selmer T, Keusgen M, Schöning MJ. Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes Modified with Graphene Oxide for the Design of a Reagent-Free NAD +-Dependent Biosensor Array. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15293-15299. [PMID: 31674761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach for the construction of reagent-free electrochemical dehydrogenase-based biosensors is presented. Enzymes and cofactors (NAD+ and Fe(CN)63-) were immobilized by modification of screen-printed carbon electrodes with graphene oxide (GO) and an additional layer of cellulose acetate. The sensor system was exemplarily optimized for an l-lactate electrode in terms of GO concentration, working potential, and pH value. The biosensor exhibited best characteristics at pH 7.5 in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer at an applied potential of +0.250 V versus an internal pseudo Ag reference electrode. Thereby, sensor performance was characterized by a linear working range from 0.25 to 4 mM and a sensitivity of 0.14 μA mM-1. The detection principle was additionally evaluated with three other dehydrogenases (d-lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and formate dehydrogenase, respectively). The developed reagentless biosensor array enabled simultaneous and cross-talk free determination of l-lactate, d-lactate, ethanol, and formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Pilas
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) , FH Aachen, Jülich , Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - Thorsten Selmer
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) , FH Aachen, Jülich , Germany
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) , FH Aachen, Jülich , Germany.,Institute of Complex Systems 8 (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich , Germany
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7
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Pallu J, Rabin C, Creste G, Branca M, Mavré F, Limoges B. Exponential Molecular Amplification by H
2
O
2
‐Mediated Autocatalytic Deprotection of Boronic Ester Probes to Redox Cyclers. Chemistry 2019; 25:7534-7546. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Pallu
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRSUniversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité 15, rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Charlie Rabin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRSUniversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité 15, rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Geordie Creste
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRSUniversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité 15, rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Mathieu Branca
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRSUniversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité 15, rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - François Mavré
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRSUniversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité 15, rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Benoît Limoges
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRSUniversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité 15, rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
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8
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Haque AJ, Nandhakumar P, Yang H. Specific and Rapid Glucose Detection Using NAD‐dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase, Diaphorase, and Osmium Complex. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Al‐Monsur Jiaul Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional MaterialsPusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Ponnusamy Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional MaterialsPusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional MaterialsPusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
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9
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Electrochemical detection of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide using Al2O3-GO nanocomposite modified electrode. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Nandhakumar P, Haque AMJ, Lee NS, Yoon YH, Yang H. Washing-Free Displacement Immunosensor for Cortisol in Human Serum Containing Numerous Interfering Species. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10982-10989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Al-Monsur Jiaul Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | | | | | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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11
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Su W, Li Z, Liu S, Ding X. Indirect Electrochemical Detection of NADH Through an Active Stainless Steel Fiber Felt (SSFF) Electrode Decorated With the Amino-Graphene/Nafion Nano Composite Films. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Su
- Institute for Personalized Medicine; School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200240 P.R. China
| | - Zonglin Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine; School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200240 P.R. China
| | - Shuopeng Liu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine; School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200240 P.R. China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine; School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200240 P.R. China
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12
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Kang C, Kang J, Lee NS, Yoon YH, Yang H. DT-Diaphorase as a Bifunctional Enzyme Label That Allows Rapid Enzymatic Amplification and Electrochemical Redox Cycling. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7974-7980. [PMID: 28696095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The most common enzyme labels in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase, which, however, have some limitations for use in electrochemical immunosensors. This Article reports that the small and thermostable DT-diaphorase (DT-D) and electrochemically inactive 4-nitroso-1-naphthol (4-NO-1-N) can be used as a bifunctional enzyme label and a rapidly reacting substrate, respectively, for electrochemical immunosensors. This enzyme-substrate combination allows high signal amplification via rapid enzymatic amplification and electrochemical redox cycling. DT-D can convert an electrochemically inactive nitroso or nitro compound into an electrochemically active amine compound, which can then be involved in electrochemical-chemical (EC) and electrochemical-enzymatic (EN) redox cycling. Six nitroso and nitro compounds are tested in terms of signal-to-background ratio. Among them, 4-NO-1-N exhibits the highest signal-to-background ratio. The electrochemical immunosensor using DT-D and 4-NO-1-N detects parathyroid hormone (PTH) in phosphate-buffered saline containing bovine serum albumin over a wide range of concentrations with a low detection limit of 2 pg/mL. When the PTH concentration in clinical serum samples is measured using the developed immunosensor, the calculated concentrations are in good agreement with the concentrations obtained using a commercial instrument. Thus, the use of DT-D as an enzyme label is highly promising for sensitive electrochemical detection and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolho Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Juyeon Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Korea
| | | | | | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Korea
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Urbanová V, Karlický F, Matěj A, Šembera F, Janoušek Z, Perman JA, Ranc V, Čépe K, Michl J, Otyepka M, Zbořil R. Fluorinated graphenes as advanced biosensors - effect of fluorine coverage on electron transfer properties and adsorption of biomolecules. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12134-12142. [PMID: 26879645 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00353b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene derivatives are promising materials for the electrochemical sensing of diverse biomolecules and development of new biosensors owing to their improved electron transfer kinetics compared to pristine graphene. Here, we report complex electrochemical behavior and electrocatalytic performance of variously fluorinated graphene derivatives prepared by reaction of graphene with a nitrogen-fluorine mixture at 2 bars pressure. The fluorine content was simply controlled by varying the reaction time and temperature. The studies revealed that electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity of CFx strongly depend on the degree of fluorination. The versatility of fluorinated graphene as a biosensor platform was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry for different biomolecules essential in physiological processes, i.e. NADH, ascorbic acid and dopamine. Importantly, the highest electrochemical performance, even higher than pristine graphene, was obtained for fluorinated graphene with the lowest fluorine content (CF0.084) due to its high conductivity and enhanced adsorption properties combining π-π stacking interaction with graphene regions with hydrogen-bonding interaction with fluorine atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Urbanová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - František Karlický
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Šembera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Janoušek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jason A Perman
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Ranc
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Čépe
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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14
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Plumeré N, Nowaczyk MM. Biophotoelectrochemistry of Photosynthetic Proteins. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 158:111-136. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Jiaul Haque AM, Kim J, Dutta G, Kim S, Yang H. Redox cycling-amplified enzymatic Ag deposition and its application in the highly sensitive detection of creatine kinase-MB. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14493-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports a novel enzymatic Ag-deposition scheme combined with chemical–chemical redox cycling by reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Monsur Jiaul Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Gorachand Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Seoul 135-720
- Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
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16
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Govindhan M, Amiri M, Chen A. Au nanoparticle/graphene nanocomposite as a platform for the sensitive detection of NADH in human urine. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 66:474-80. [PMID: 25499660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on a facile, rapid, sensitive, selective and highly stable electrochemical sensing platform for β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) based on uncapped Au nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites without the aid of any redox mediators and enzymes. The Au nanoparticle/rGO composite sensing platform was directly formed on a glassy carbon electrode through an in situ electrochemical reduction of GO and Au(3+) with a 100% usage of the precursors. The as-prepared Au nanoparticle/rGO composites demonstrated excellent direct electrocatalytic oxidation toward NADH, providing a large electrochemical active surface area as well as a favorable environment for electron transfer from NADH to the electrode via the enhanced mobility of charge carriers. The Au nanoparticle/rGO composites offered a ~2.3 times higher electrocatalytic current density with a negative shift of 112mV, in comparison to Au nanoparticles. The sensor developed in this study displayed a high sensitivity of 0.916µA/µMcm(2) and a wide linear range of from 50nM to 500µM with a limit of detection of 1.13nM (S/N=3). The interferences from the common interferents such as glutathione, glucose, ascorbic acid and quanine were negligible. The prepared sensor was further tested for the determination of NADH in human urine samples, showing the Au nanoparticle/rGO nanocomposites simultaneously formed by one-step electrochemical reduction have promising biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maduraiveeran Govindhan
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1
| | - Mona Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1
| | - Aicheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1.
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17
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Zhu J, Wu XY, Shan D, Yuan PX, Zhang XJ. Sensitive electrochemical detection of NADH and ethanol at low potential based on pyrocatechol violet electrodeposited on single walled carbon nanotubes-modified pencil graphite electrode. Talanta 2014; 130:96-102. [PMID: 25159384 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the electrodeposition of pyrocatechol violet (PCV) was initially investigated by the electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (ESPR) technique. Subsequently, PCV was used as redox-mediator and was electrodeposited on the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Owing to the remarkable synergistic effect of SWCNTs and PCV, PGE/SWCNTs/PCV exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation at low potential (0.2V vs. SCE) with fast amperometric response (<10s), broad linear range (1.3-280 μM), good sensitivity (146.2 μA mM(-1)cm(-2)) and low detection limit (1.3 μM) at signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Thus, this PGE/SWCNTs/PCV could be further used to fabricate a sensitive and economic ethanol biosensor using alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) via a glutaraldehyde/BSA cross-linking procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dan Shan
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Pei-Xin Yuan
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xue-Ji Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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18
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Zhang L, Miranda-Castro R, Stines-Chaumeil C, Mano N, Xu G, Mavré F, Limoges B. Heterogeneous reconstitution of the PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase immobilized on an electrode: a sensitive strategy for PQQ detection down to picomolar levels. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2257-67. [PMID: 24476605 DOI: 10.1021/ac500142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive electroanalytical method for determination of PQQ in solution down to subpicomolar concentrations is proposed. It is based on the heterogeneous reconstitution of the PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) through the specific binding of its pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) cofactor to the apoenzyme anchored on an electrode surface. It is shown from kinetics analysis of both the enzyme catalytic responses and enzyme surface-reconstitution process (achieved by cyclic voltammetry under redox-mediated catalysis) that the selected immobilization strategy (i.e., through an avidin/biotin linkage) is well-suited to immobilize a nearly saturated apoenzyme monolayer on the electrode surface with an almost fully preserved PQQ binding properties and catalytic activity. From measurement of the overall rate constants controlling the steady-state catalytic current responses of the surface-reconstituted PQQ-GDH and determination of the PQQ equilibrium binding (Kb = 2.4 × 10(10) M(-1)) and association rate (kon = 2 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)) constants with the immobilized apoenzyme, the analytical performances of the method could be rationally evaluated, and the signal amplification for PQQ detection down to the picomolar levels is well-predicted. These performances outperform by several orders of magnitude the direct electrochemical detection of PQQ in solution and by 1 to 2 orders the detection limits previously achieved by UV-vis spectroscopic detection of the homogeneous PQQ-GDH reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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19
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Challier L, Miranda-Castro R, Marchal D, Noël V, Mavré F, Limoges B. Kinetic Rotating Droplet Electrochemistry: A Simple and Versatile Method for Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis in Microliter Volumes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14215-28. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405415q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lylian Challier
- ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, and ‡Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire,
UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Rebeca Miranda-Castro
- ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, and ‡Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire,
UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Damien Marchal
- ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, and ‡Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire,
UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Vincent Noël
- ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, and ‡Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire,
UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - François Mavré
- ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, and ‡Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire,
UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Benoît Limoges
- ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, and ‡Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire,
UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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20
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Nasri Z, Shams E, Ahmadi M. Direct Modification of a Glassy Carbon Electrode with Toluidine Blue Diazonium Salt: Application to NADH Determination and Biosensing of Ethanol. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Han J, Zhuo Y, Chai Y, Yu Y, Liao N, Yuan R. Electrochemical immunoassay for thyroxine detection using cascade catalysis as signal amplified enhancer and multi-functionalized magnetic graphene sphere as signal tag. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 790:24-30. [PMID: 23870405 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper constructed a reusable electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of thyroxine at an ultralow concentration using cascade catalysis of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and glucose oxidase (GOx) as signal amplified enhancer. It is worth pointing out that numerous Cyt c and GOx were firstly carried onto the double-stranded DNA polymers based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR), and then the amplified responses could be achieved by cascade catalysis of Cyt c and GOx recycling with the help of glucose. Moreover, multi-functionalized magnetic graphene sphere was synthesized and used as signal tag, which not only exhibited good mechanical properties, large surface area and an excellent electron transfer rate of graphene, but also possessed excellent redox activity and desirable magnetic property. With a sandwich-type immunoreaction, the proposed cascade catalysis amplification strategy could greatly enhance the sensitivity for the detection of thyroxine. Under the optimal conditions, the immunosensor showed a wide linear ranged from 0.05pg mL(-1) to 5ng mL(-1) and a low detection limit down to 15fg mL(-1). Importantly, the proposed method offers promise for reproducible and cost-effective analysis of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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22
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Singh A, Park S, Yang H. Glucose-oxidase label-based redox cycling for an incubation period-free electrochemical immunosensor. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4863-8. [PMID: 23663141 DOI: 10.1021/ac400573j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic reactions of enzyme labels in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays require a long incubation period to obtain high signal amplification. We present herein a simple immunosensing scheme in which the incubation period is minimized without a large increase in the detection limit. This scheme is based on electrochemical-enzymatic (EN) redox cycling using glucose oxidase (GOx) as an enzyme label, Ru(NH3)6(3+) as a redox mediator, and glucose as an enzyme substrate. Fast electron mediation of Ru(NH3)6(3+) between the electrode and the GOx label attached to the electrode allows high signal amplification. The acquisition of chronocoulometric charges at a potential in the mass transfer-controlled region excludes the influence of the kinetics of Ru(NH3)6(2+) electrooxidation and also facilitates high signal-to-background ratios. The reaction between reduced GOx and Ru(NH3)6(3+) is rapid even in air-saturated Tris buffer, where the faster competitive reaction between reduced GOx and dissolved oxygen also occurs. The direct electrooxidation of glucose at the electrode and the direct electron transfer between glucose and Ru(NH3)6(3+) that undesirably increase background levels occur relatively slowly. The detection limit for the EN redox cycling-based detection of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) in human serum is slightly higher than 0.1 U/mL for the incubation period of 0 min, and the detection limits for the incubation periods of 5 and 10 min are slightly lower than 0.1 U/mL, indicating that the detection limits are almost similar irrespective of the incubation period and that the immunosensor is highly sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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23
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Peng S, Liang DW, Diao P, Liu Y, Lan F, Yang Y, Lu S, Xiang Y. Nernst-ping-pong model for evaluating the effects of the substrate concentration and anode potential on the kinetic characteristics of bioanode. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:610-616. [PMID: 23567738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electron-transfer mechanism and kinetic characteristics of bioanodes is greatly significant to enhance the electron-generating efficiencies in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). A Nernst-ping-pong model is proposed here to investigate the kinetics and biochemical processes of bioanodes in a microbial electrolysis cell. This model can accurately describe the effects of the substrate (including substrate inhibition) and the anode potential on the current of bioanodes. Results show that the half-wave potential positively shifts as the substrate concentration increases, indicating that the rate-determining steps of anodic processes change from substrate oxidation to intracellular electron transport reaction. The anode potential has negligible effects on the enzymatic catalysis of anodic microbes in the range of -0.25 V to +0.1 V vs. a saturated calomel electrode. It turns out that to reduce the anodic energy loss caused by overpotential, higher substrate concentrations are preferred, if the substrate do not significantly and adversely affect the output current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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24
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Combination of laccase and catalase in construction of H2O2–O2 based biocathode for applications in glucose biofuel cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 39:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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26
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Singh S, Srivastava A, Oh HM, Ahn CY, Choi GG, Asthana RK. Recent trends in development of biosensors for detection of microcystin. Toxicon 2012; 60:878-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Kalimuthu P, Leimkühler S, Bernhardt PV. Catalytic Electrochemistry of Xanthine Dehydrogenase. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11600-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307374z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, University of Queensland,
Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institut für Biochemie
und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, University of Queensland,
Brisbane 4072, Australia
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28
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Liu S, Dai G, Yuan L, Zhao Y. A NADH Sensor Based on 1,2-Naphththoquinone Electropolymerized on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Amperometric vitamin C biosensor based on the immobilization of ascorbate oxidase into the biocompatible sandwich-type composite film. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2023-38. [PMID: 22644641 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate oxidase (AO), a biologically active macromolecule, was successfully immobilized into a biocompatible sandwich-type composite film for developing the vitamin C (VC) biosensor, and the content of VC in commercial juices was amperometrically determined. The biocompatible and conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composite film and highly stable and selective multiwalled carbon nanotubes -Nafion composite film were prepared as inner and outer films of biosensor. AO molecules were immobilized between these two composite films. The as-fabricated biosensor displayed an excellent bioelectrocatalytic performance towards the oxidation of VC, a fast current response, a low working potential, a high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and a low detection limit. Moreover, the working mechanism of the biosensor was proposed, and its kinetics was also discussed. In addition, the specificity, reproducibility, and feasibility of the as-fabricated biosensor were also evaluated. Good results of the VC determination in commercial juices indicated that the as-fabricated biosensor was a potential candidate for the electrochemical determination of VC in agricultural crops. Inner and outer films provided a promising platform for the immobilization of biologically active species.
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30
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Yang H. Enzyme-based ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:422-8. [PMID: 22503680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signal amplification in conventional enzyme-based biosensors is not high enough to achieve the ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules. In recent years, signal amplification has been improved by combining enzymatic reactions with redox cycling or employing multienzyme labels per detection probe. Electrochemical-chemical redox cycling and electrochemical-chemical-chemical redox cycling allow ultrasensitive detection simply by including one or two more chemicals in a solution without the use of an additional enzyme and/or electrode. Multiple horseradish peroxidase labels on magnetic bead carriers provide high signal enhancement along with a multiplex detection possibility. In both cases, the detection procedures are the same as those in conventional enzyme-based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Renault C, Andrieux CP, Tucker RT, Brett MJ, Balland V, Limoges B. Unraveling the mechanism of catalytic reduction of O2 by microperoxidase-11 adsorbed within a transparent 3D-nanoporous ITO film. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6834-45. [PMID: 22448869 DOI: 10.1021/ja301193s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous films of indium tin oxide (ITO), with thicknesses ranging from 250 nm to 2 μm, were prepared by Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) and used as highly sensitive transparent 3D-electrodes for quantitatively interrogating, by time-resolved spectroelectrochemistry, the reactivity of microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) adsorbed within such films. The capacitive current densities of these 3D-electrodes as well as the amount of adsorbed MP-11 were shown to be linearly correlated to the GLAD ITO film thickness, indicating a homogeneous distribution of MP-11 across the film as well as homogeneous film porosity. Under saturating adsorption conditions, MP-11 film concentration as high as 60 mM was reached. This is equivalent to a stack of 110 monolayers of MP-11 per micrometer film thickness. This high MP-11 film loading combined with the excellent ITO film conductivity has allowed the simultaneous characterization of the heterogeneous one-electron transfer dynamics of the MP-11 Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple by cyclic voltammetry and cyclic voltabsorptometry, up to a scan rate of few volts per second with a satisfactory single-scan signal-to-noise ratio. The potency of the method to unravel complex redox coupled chemical reactions was also demonstrated with the catalytic reduction of oxygen by MP-11. In the presence of O(2), cross-correlation of electrochemical and spectroscopic data has allowed us to determine the key kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of the redox catalysis that otherwise could not be easily extracted using conventional protein film voltammetry. On the basis of numerical simulations of cyclic voltammograms and voltabsorptograms and within the framework of different plausible catalytic reaction schemes including appropriate approximations, it was shown possible to discriminate between different possible catalytic pathways and to identify the relevant catalytic cycle. In addition, from the best fits of simulations to the experimental voltammograms and voltabsorptograms, the partition coefficient of O(2) for the ITO film as well as the values of two kinetic rate constants could be extracted. It was finally concluded that the catalytic reduction of O(2) by MP-11 adsorbed within nanoporous ITO films occurs via a 2-electron mechanism with the formation of an intermediate Fe(III)-OOH adduct characterized by a decay rate of 11 s(-1). The spectroelectroanalytical strategy presented here opens new opportunities for characterizing complex redox-coupled chemical reactions not only with redox proteins, but also with redox biomimetic systems and catalysts. It might also be of great interest for the development and optimization of new spectroelectrochemical sensors and biosensors, or eventually new photoelectrocatalytic systems or biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Renault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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32
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Akanda MR, Choe YL, Yang H. “Outer-Sphere to Inner-Sphere” Redox Cycling for Ultrasensitive Immunosensors. Anal Chem 2011; 84:1049-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202638y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rajibul Akanda
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Yu-Lim Choe
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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33
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34
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Song JE, Hong Z, Nagarale RK, Shin WS. Simple Preparation of Diaphorase/Polysiloxane Viologen Polymer Modified Electrode for Sensing NAD and NADH. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2011. [DOI: 10.5229/jecst.2011.2.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Durand F, Limoges B, Mano N, Mavré F, Miranda-Castro R, Savéant JM. Effect of substrate inhibition and cooperativity on the electrochemical responses of glucose dehydrogenase. Kinetic characterization of wild and mutant types. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12801-9. [PMID: 21780841 DOI: 10.1021/ja204637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to its insensitivity to dioxygen and to its good catalytic reactivity, and in spite of its poor substrate selectivity, quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) plays a prominent role among the redox enzymes that can be used for analytical purposes, such as glucose detection, enzyme-based bioaffinity assays, and the design of biofuel cells. A detailed kinetic analysis of the electrochemical catalytic responses, leading to an unambiguous characterization of each individual steps, seems a priori intractable in view of the interference, on top of the usual ping-pong mechanism, of substrate inhibition and of cooperativity effects between the two identical subunits of the enzyme. Based on simplifications suggested by extended knowledge previously acquired by standard homogeneous kinetics, it is shown that analysis of the catalytic responses obtained by means of electrochemical nondestructive techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, with ferrocene methanol as a mediator, does allow a full characterization of all individual steps of the catalytic reaction, including substrate inhibition and cooperativity and, thus, allows to decipher the reason that makes the enzyme more efficient when the neighboring subunit is filled with a glucose molecule. As a first practical illustration of this electrochemical approach, comparison of the native enzyme responses with those of a mutant (in which the asparagine amino acid in position 428 has been replaced by a cysteine residue) allowed identification of the elementary steps that makes the mutant type more efficient than the wild type when cooperativity between the two subunits takes place, which is observed at large mediator and substrate concentrations. A route is thus opened to structure-reactivity relationships and therefore to mutagenesis strategies aiming at better performances in terms of catalytic responses and/or substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Durand
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Universit de Bordeaux, UPR 8641, Avenue Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
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36
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A NADH biosensor based on diphenylalanine peptide/carbon nanotube nanocomposite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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An electrochemical enzyme bioaffinity electrode based on biotin–streptavidin conjunction and bienzyme substrate recycling for amplification. Anal Biochem 2010; 405:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Expression of esophageal cancer related gene 4 (ECRG4), a novel tumor suppressor gene, in esophageal cancer and its inhibitory effect on the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2009. [PMID: 19521989 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ECRG4 gene was initially identified and cloned in our laboratory from human normal esophageal epithelium (GenBank accession no. AF325503). We revealed the expression of ECRG4 protein was downregulated in 68.5% (89/130) ESCC samples using tissue microarray. The low ECRG4 protein expression was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis, primary tumor size, and tumor stage in ESCC (p < 0.05). ECRG4 mRNA expression was downregulated in ESCC due to the hypermethylation in the gene promoter. The treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor restored ECRG4 mRNA expression in ESCC cells. The result indicated that promoter hypermethylation may be 1 main mechanism leading to the silencing of ECRG4. The high expression of ECRG4 in patients with ESCC was associated with longer survival compared with those with low ECRG4 expression by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p < 0.05). ECRG4 protein was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (p < 0.05). The restoration of ECRG4 expression in ESCC cells inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, anchorage-independent growth, cell cycle progression and tumor growth in vivo (p < 0.05). The transfection of ECRG4 gene in ESCC cells inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB and nuclear translocation, in addition to the expression of COX-2, a NF-kappaB target gene, was attenuated. Taken together, ECRG4 is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene in ESCC, and ECRG4 protein is a candidate prognostic marker for ESCC.
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39
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Balland V, Lecomte S, Limoges B. Characterization of the electron transfer of a ferrocene redox probe and a histidine-tagged hemoprotein specifically bound to a nitrilotriacetic-terminated self-assembled monolayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:6532-6542. [PMID: 19419181 DOI: 10.1021/la900062y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the selective, controlled binding of a model redox probe, 1,1'-bis(N-imidazolylmethyl)ferrocene (Fc-Im2), and a small redox hemoprotein, histidine-tagged recombinant human neuroglobin (hNb), at the surface of metal electrodes (gold and SER-active silver) modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a nitrilotriacetic (NTA)-terminated thiol. The resulting SAMs were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectroscopy coupled to electrochemistry. Once specifically bounded to the Ni(II)-NTA-modified gold electrode, nearly ideal cyclic voltammetric behavior with relatively fast electron-transfer (ET) communication through the SAM was determined for the Fc-Im2 redox probe. However, no direct electron transfer could be evidenced for the hNb redox protein under the same conditions. This outcome was different from the result obtained during SERR experiments coupled to electrochemistry in which a direct electrochemical conversion of hNb immobilized on a Ni(II)-NTA-modified SER-active Ag electrode was observed. The SERR spectra of the immobilized hNb was the same as the resonance Raman spectra of the protein in homogeneous solution, allowing us to conclude that the native structure of hNb was retained upon immobilization and that the direct ET was not the result of some partial or complete protein denaturation. The long-range ET rate constant (kET) through the SAM was determined by time-resolved SERR spectroscopy. A value of kET=0.12 s(-1) was obtained, which is within the predicted range of a fully nonadiabatic ET through a SAM thickness of approximately 26 A and close to the values previously determined for analogous small redox proteins at similar long-range ET distances. A SERR spectroelectrochemical titration of the immobilized hNb was also carried out, showing both an apparent standard potential (E0') negatively shifted by 100 mV compared with hNb in solution and a gentle slope in the titration curve. These results suggest a range of chemical environments in the surroundings of the redox protein and a variety of interactions with the NTA-terminated SAM. The influence of protein immobilization on E0' is discussed together with the long-range ET rate constant and molecular orientation of the surface-immobilized hNb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Balland
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Rochelet-Dequaire M, Djellouli N, Limoges B, Brossier P. Bienzymatic-based electrochemical DNA biosensors: a way to lower the detection limit of hybridization assays. Analyst 2009; 134:349-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b816220d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Balland V, Hureau C, Cusano AM, Liu Y, Tron T, Limoges B. Oriented immobilization of a fully active monolayer of histidine-tagged recombinant laccase on modified gold electrodes. Chemistry 2008; 14:7186-92. [PMID: 18600817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a dense monolayer of histidine-tagged recombinant laccase on gold electrodes by using a short thiol-NTA linker is described, as well as a kinetic analysis of the process by cyclic voltammetry. From a detailed analysis of the catalytic reduction of dioxygen by laccase in the presence of a one-electron redox mediator it can be concluded that the immobilized enzyme remains as active as in homogeneous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Balland
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, Université Paris Diderot, 2 place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Wilson GS, Johnson MA. In-vivo electrochemistry: what can we learn about living systems? Chem Rev 2008; 108:2462-81. [PMID: 18558752 DOI: 10.1021/cr068082i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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Gallaway JW, Calabrese Barton SA. Kinetics of Redox Polymer-Mediated Enzyme Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8527-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0781543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. Gallaway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Scott A. Calabrese Barton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Limoges B, Marchal D, Mavré F, Savéant JM. Theory and practice of enzyme bioaffinity electrodes. Chemical, enzymatic, and electrochemical amplification of in situ product detection. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7276-85. [PMID: 18491854 DOI: 10.1021/ja7102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two articles in this series are dedicated to bioaffinity electrodes with in situ detection of the product of the enzyme label after recognition by its conjugate immobilized on the electrode. Part 1 was devoted to direct electrochemical detection, whereas the present contribution deals with homogeneous chemical and enzymatic amplification of the primary electrochemical signal. The theoretical relationships that are established for these modes of amplification are applied to the avidin-biotin recognition in a system that involves alkaline phosphatase as enzyme label and 4-amino-2,6-dichloro-phenyl phosphate as substrate, generating 2,6-dichloro-4-aminophenol as electrochemically active product. Chemical amplification then results from the addition of NADH, which reduces the 2,6-dichloro-quinonimine resulting from the electrochemical oxidation of 2,6-dichloro-4-aminophenol. An increased amplification is obtained when the reduction of 2,6-dichloro-quinonimine involves diaphorase in solution with NADH as substrate. The excellent agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental data required a detailed theoretical analysis and the independent determination of the key kinetic parameters of the system. The theoretical analysis was extended to monolayer and multilayered films of auxiliary enzyme as well as to electrochemical amplification by means of closely spaced dual electrodes so as to offer a rational comparative panorama of the amplification capabilities of the various possible strategies. Confinement of the profile of the product, and/or its oxidized form, in the vicinity the electrode surface appears as a key parameter of amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Limoges
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Limoges B, Marchal D, Mavré F, Savéant JM, Schöllhorn B. Theory and Practice of Enzyme Bioaffinity Electrodes. Direct Electrochemical Product Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7259-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja7102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Limoges
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damien Marchal
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - François Mavré
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Michel Savéant
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Bernd Schöllhorn
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Du P, Liu S, Wu P, Cai C. Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with poly(nile blue A) and their application to dehydrogenase-based biosensors. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mavré F, Bontemps M, Ammar-Merah S, Marchal D, Limoges B. Electrode surface confinement of self-assembled enzyme aggregates using magnetic nanoparticles and its application in bioelectrocatalysis. Anal Chem 2007; 79:187-94. [PMID: 17194138 DOI: 10.1021/ac061367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled enzyme aggregates, prepared from magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, avidin, and a biotinylated redox enzyme, were shown particularly useful for the simple, fast, and efficient construction of highly enzyme-loaded electrodes with the help of a magnet. The approach was illustrated in the case of the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of NADH by a diaphorase oxidoreductase in the presence of a ferrocene mediator. Two different self-assembling procedures were tested, taking advantage of the spontaneous aggregation of the nanoparticles in the presence of avidin and also of the multivalency binding of biotinylated diaphorase toward avidin. Activities of the bound and unbound diaphorase were systematically controlled allowing determination of the number of active biotinylated diaphorase per nanoparticle incorporated within each magnetic enzyme aggregate. An active enzyme loading capacity of up to 2.35 nmol mg-1 was found for the best nanostructured enzyme assembly, which is 200 times better than for commercialized magnetic micrometer-sized beads coated with streptavidin and saturated with diaphorase. With the help of a permanent magnet, the magnetic enzyme aggregates were finally magnetically collected as a film on the surface of a small screen-printed carbon electrode and the catalytic currents recorded by cyclic voltammetry. From the analysis of the steady-state catalytic current responses and the kinetic rate constants of biotinylated diaphorase, it was possible to determine the enzyme concentration within the magnetic films. Owing to the high enzyme loading in the aggregates of nanoparticles (i.e., 130 microM), the catalytic current responses were definitely higher than the ones measured at an electrode coated with a closed-packed monolayer of diaphorase or at an electrode covered with a film of magnetic micrometer-sized streptavidin beads saturated with diaphorase.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mavré
- Laboratoire d' Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, and Interfaces, Traitement, Organisation et Dynamiques des Systèmes (ITODYS), UMR CNRS 7086, Université de Paris 7, Denis Diderot, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Djellouli N, Rochelet-Dequaire M, Limoges B, Druet M, Brossier P. Evaluation of the analytical performances of avidin-modified carbon sensors based on a mediated horseradish peroxidase enzyme label and their application to the amperometric detection of nucleic acids. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2906-13. [PMID: 17223030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, neutravidin-coated screen-printed carbon sensors were fully characterized and further used for the amperometric detection of specific DNA sequences of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV DNA). For this purpose, we took advantage of an earlier established relationship between the amount of HRP affinity immobilized on the surface of the electrode and the steady-state current recorded in the presence of H(2)O(2) as substrate and the single electron donor [Os(III)(bpy)(2)pyCl](2+) as cosubstrate. After incubating a saturating concentration of biotinylated horseradish peroxidase (Bio-HRP) onto the neutravidin-modified sensors, a surface concentration of active HRP of 3.6 pmol cm(-2) was calculated from the measurement of the electrocatalytic plateau current value. This result indicates that monolayers of neutravidin were adsorbed on the screen-printed carbon sensors. These neutravidin-covered platforms were then used to immobilize biotinylated nucleic acid targets. After hybridization with a complementary digoxigenin-labeled detection probe, the extent of hybrids formed was determined with an anti-digoxigenin HRP conjugate. The biosensor assay was applied to the detection of a synthetic oligonucleotide target, and then to the determination of an amplified viral DNA sequence. Monolayers of HRP-labeled oligonucleotide hybrids were immobilized onto the sensing surface whereas one third of the surface was covered with HCMV DNA hybrids. On the other hand, detection limits of 200 pM and 1 nM were obtained for the short oligonucleotide and the longer DNA targets, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that the sensitivity of the electrochemical assay could be significantly improved by using high concentrations of the reduced form of the mediator [Os(II)(bpy)(2)pyCl](+), thus allowing one to detect as low as 30 pM of amplified HCMV DNA fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naïma Djellouli
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
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Electrocatalytic sensing of NADH on a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrografted o-aminophenol film. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Limoges B, Marchal D, Mavré F, Savéant JM. High Amplification Rates from the Association of Two Enzymes Confined within a Nanometric Layer Immobilized on an Electrode: Modeling and Illustrating Example. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:6014-5. [PMID: 16669652 DOI: 10.1021/ja060801n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical responses (e.g., chronoamperometric) obtained with an immobilized enzyme that produces an electroactive species may be used to quantitate the amount of enzyme or the concentration of its substrate. It is shown, on theoretical and experimental bases, that product-to-substrate coupling with a second enzyme co-immobilized with the first within one or within a small number of monolayers, allows high amplification rates (higher than 1000), avoids membrane transport limitations, and lends itself to precise kinetic analyses that provide guidelines for optimization of the analytical sensitivity. Very large amplification factors, as large as several thousands, can be reached experimentally, in agreement with appropriately derived theoretical predictions, thus opening the route to the rational design of high-performance substrate sensing or affinity assays applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Limoges
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, Université de Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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