1
|
Peng M, Zhao Y, Xu H, Jiang J, Wu P. Double Four Ring Units-Containing Zeolites: Synthesis, Structural Modification and Catalytic Applications. Chemistry 2023:e202303657. [PMID: 38116930 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In zeolite frameworks, double four-ring (d4r) configurations are among the most frequent composite building units. The composition variations in d4r units greatly influence the energy and structural modifiability of the zeolitic framework. The introduction of germanium, with a larger ionic radius than silicon or aluminum, not only reduces the energy constraints of d4r in the nucleation and crystal growth of zeolites, but also opens a new window for constructing novel crystalline structures, especially with large or extra-large pores and channels. Ge-enriched d4r units endow germanosilicates with structure diversity readily for post treatments. Promising catalytic materials have been gradually developed and increasingly studied by direct synthesis or post-synthetic isomorphous substitution for Ge. This review focuses on the recent progress in the synthesis, modification, and catalytic application of d4r-containing zeolites, including germanosilicates, aluminosilicates, and silicates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, 202162, China
| | - Jingang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, 202162, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A novel MOFs-induced strategy for preparing anatase-free hierarchical TS-1 zeolite:synthesis routes, growth mechanisms and enhanced catalytic performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:291-302. [PMID: 36459934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Titanosilicate-1 zeolites (TS-1) as one of the most commonly used catalysts for alkene epoxidation, construction of hierarchical pores as well as elimination of anatase to promote mass transportation and avoid invalid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide are always desirable yet challenging goals. Here, a novel and unique Ti-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-induced synthetic strategy for fabricating anatase-free hierarchical TS-1 was first proposed. All the components of MOFs perform different functions: the uniformly distributed Ti nodes replace conventional tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) to serve as sole Ti source for constructing zeolite crystal; the separated ligands can be embedded in the zeolite framework and act as template to in situ build hierarchical pore structure; the coordination interaction between Ti nodes and ligands can efficiently avoid the anatase generation by balancing the forming rates of Ti-OH and Si-OH. This synthetic strategy is of general applicability, and two different synthetic routes including traditional hydrothermal process and steam assisted crystallization (SAC) procedure are successfully adopted. The obtained hydrothermal TS-1 and SAC anatase-free samples all possess abundant intercrystalline mesopores of 20-50 nm and even macropores between 50 and 150 nm, improving the conversion over 25 % for 1‑hexene epoxidation than TS-1 sample prepared by conventional route. The influences of the amount of Ti MOFs precursor and the crystallization process are studied in detail, and possible synthesis mechanisms are proposed. This MOFs-induced strategy might open up an avenue for the rational design of ideal and hierarchical zeolite to boost the catalytic efficiency.
Collapse
|
3
|
Insights into the role of titanium sites in cyclohexanone ammoximation over titanium silicalite-1. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Schroeder C, Zones SI, Hansen MR, Koller H. Brønstedsäure‐Zentren in Zeolith SSZ‐42 werden von Wasserstoffbrücken dominiert – eine Einteilung ihrer Vielfalt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schroeder
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstr. 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center of Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Busso-Peus-Str. 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | | | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstr. 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Hubert Koller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstr. 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center of Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Busso-Peus-Str. 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schroeder C, Zones SI, Hansen MR, Koller H. Hydrogen Bonds Dominate Brønsted Acid Sites in Zeolite SSZ-42: A Classification of Their Diversity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202109313. [PMID: 34766691 PMCID: PMC9299800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The zeolite catalyst SSZ‐42 shows a remarkable high abundance (≈80 %) of hydrogen‐bonded Brønsted acid sites (BAS), which are deshielded from the 1H chemical shift of unperturbed BAS at typically 4 ppm. This is due to their interaction with neighboring oxygen atoms in the zeolite framework when oxygen alignments are suitable. The classification and diversity of hydrogen bonding is assessed by DFT calculations, showing that oval‐shaped 6‐rings and 5‐rings allow for a stronger hydrogen bond to oxygen atoms on the opposite ring side, yielding higher experimental chemical shifts (δ (1H)=6.4 ppm), than circular 6‐rings (δ(1H)=5.2 ppm). Cage‐like structures and intra‐tetrahedral interactions can also form hydrogen bonds. The alignment of oxygen atoms is expected to impact their role in the stabilization of intermediates in catalytic reactions, such as surface alkoxy groups and possibly transition states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schroeder
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center of Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stacey I Zones
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hubert Koller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center of Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng X, Lin D, Chen D, Yang C. Rationally constructed Ti sites of TS-1 for epoxidation reactions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1945-1949. [PMID: 36654162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - De Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
| | - Chaohe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu J, Zhang Z, Wang G, Duan X, Qian G, Zhou X. Zeolite crystal size effects of Au/uncalcined TS-1 bifunctional catalysts on direct propylene epoxidation with H2 and O2. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Bai R, Navarro MT, Song Y, Zhang T, Zou Y, Feng Z, Zhang P, Corma A, Yu J. Titanosilicate zeolite precursors for highly efficient oxidation reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12341-12349. [PMID: 34094443 PMCID: PMC8162463 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04603e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanosilicate zeolites are catalysts of interest in the field of fine chemicals. However, the generation and accessibility of active sites in titanosilicate materials for catalyzing reactions with large molecules is still a challenge. Herein, we prepared titanosilicate zeolite precursors with open zeolitic structures, tunable pore sizes, and controllable Si/Ti ratios through a hydrothermal crystallization strategy by using quaternary ammonium templates. A series of quaternary ammonium ions are discovered as effective organic templates. The prepared amorphous titanosilicate zeolites with some zeolite framework structural order have extra-large micropores and abundant octahedrally coordinated isolated Ti species, which lead to a superior catalytic performance in the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and epoxidation of cyclohexene. It is anticipated that the amorphous prezeolitic titanosilicates will benefit the catalytic conversion of bulky molecules in a wide range of reaction processes. Titanosilicate zeolite precursors, with open structures of zeolite units and high amounts of catalytically active Ti species, show superior catalytic performance in the oxidative reactions.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China .,Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - M Teresa Navarro
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Yue Song
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Tianjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yongcun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhaochi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China .,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu Y, Tang Z, Wang J, Wang R, Chen Z, Liu H, Shen K, Huang X, Liu Y, He M. Insights into the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide utilization over titanosilicate/H2O2 systems. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
10
|
Liu L, Sun Y, Liu Y, He G, Liu Y. Facile fabrication of titanosilicate zeolites with an unprecedented wide range of Si/Ti ratios by employing transition metal dichalcogenides as metal precursors. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01572h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein JDF-L1 titanosilicate zeolites with ultra-low Si/Ti ratios in the framework were facilely prepared via hydrothermal treatment of layered TiS2 precursors along with effective suppression of an undesired TiO2 impurity phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang G, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Xu J, Lu M, Qian G, Duan X, Yuan W, Zhou X. Surface Engineering and Kinetics Behaviors of Au/Uncalcined TS-1 Catalysts for Propylene Epoxidation with H2 and O2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jialun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mengke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weikang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinggui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu Y, Wang K, Han C, Wang T, Luo G. Liquid–Liquid Microdispersion Method for the Synthesis of TS-1 Free of Extra-Framework Ti Species. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunli Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han Z, Shen Y, Qin X, Wang F, Zhang X, Wang G, Li. H. Synthesis of Hierarchical Titanium‐Rich Titanium Silicalite‐1 Zeolites and the Highly Efficient Catalytic Performance for Hydroxylation of Phenol. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhuang Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University
| | - Yun Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University
| | - Fumin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University
| | - Xubin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingHai Nationalities University, XiNing 810007, China
| | - Haichao Li.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingHai Nationalities University, XiNing 810007, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pang C, Xiong J, Li G, Hu C. Direct ring C H bond activation to produce cresols from toluene and hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by framework titanium in TS-1. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
15
|
Wu L, Tang Z, Yu Y, Yao X, Liu W, Li L, Yan B, Liu Y, He M. Facile synthesis of a high-performance titanosilicate catalyst with controllable defective Ti(OSi)3OH sites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6384-6387. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy was carried out to construct a high-performance titanosilicate oxidation catalyst with controllable defective Ti(OSi)3OH sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Yunkai Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Xuting Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
- SINOPEC
- Shanghai 201208
- P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Binghui Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Yueming Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koike N, Chaikittisilp W, Iyoki K, Yanaba Y, Yoshikawa T, Elangovan SP, Itabashi K, Okubo T. Organic-free synthesis of zincoaluminosilicate zeolites from homogeneous gels prepared by a co-precipitation method. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10837-10846. [PMID: 28762409 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites containing Zn in their frameworks are promising materials for ion-exchange and catalysis because of their unique ion-exchange capabilities and characteristic Lewis acidity. However, expensive organic compounds often required in their synthesis can prevent their practical uses. Here, a facile organic-free synthesis route for new zincoaluminosilicate zeolites having MOR topology, in which both Zn and Al are substituted in the framework, is demonstrated for the first time. The use of homogeneous zincoaluminosilicate gels prepared by a co-precipitation technique as raw materials is vital for the successful incorporation of both Zn and Al into the zeolite frameworks as revealed by several characterization techniques including solid-state NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and ion-exchange experiments. The obtained zincoaluminosilicate zeolites had high Zn contents comparable to those in the initial zincoaluminosilicate gels. In contrast, the uses of conventional sources of Si, Al, and Zn resulted in zeolites with very low contents of framework Zn or zeolites with extra-framework zinc oxide-species. FT-IR measurements using probe molecules and ion-exchange experiments suggested that there are two different environments of Zn in the zeolite frameworks. The obtained zincoaluminosilicate zeolites showed a higher ion-exchange efficiency for divalent cations such as nickel compared to the aluminosilicate analog. It is expected that the present co-precipitation technique is efficient for the incorporation of Zn (and other metals) into a variety of zeolite frameworks. To show its extended applicable scope, the synthesis of zincoaluminosilicate *BEA zeolite is also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsume Koike
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brunklaus G, Koller H, Zones SI. Defect Models of As-Made High-Silica Zeolites: Clusters of Hydrogen-Bonds and Their Interaction with the Organic Structure-Directing Agents Determined from1H Double and Triple Quantum NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14459-14463. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Brunklaus
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hubert Koller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brunklaus G, Koller H, Zones SI. Defektmodelle in siliciumreichen Zeolithen: Cluster von Wasserstoffbrücken und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit organischen Strukturdirigenten aus1H-Doppel- und Tripelquanten-NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Brunklaus
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Hubert Koller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Irreversible deactivation of hollow TS-1 zeolite caused by the formation of acidic amorphous TiO2–SiO2 nanoparticles in a commercial cyclohexanone ammoximation process. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Zhu H, Abou-Hamad E, Chen Y, Saih Y, Liu W, Samal AK, Basset JM. Organosilane with Gemini-Type Structure as the Mesoporogen for the Synthesis of the Hierarchical Porous ZSM-5 Zeolite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2085-2092. [PMID: 26854763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new kind of organosilane (1,6-bis(diethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium) hexane bromide) with a gemini-type structure was prepared and used as a mesoporogen for the synthesis of hierarchical porous ZSM-5 zeolite. There are two quaternary ammonium centers along with double-hydrolyzable -RSi(OMe)3 fragments in the organosilane, which results in a strong interaction between this mesoporogen and silica-alumina gel. The organosilane can be easily incorporated into the ZSM-5 zeolite structure during the crystallization process, and it was finally removed by calcination, leading to secondary pores in ZSM-5. The synthesized ZSM-5 has been systematically studied by XRD, nitrogen adsorption, SEM, TEM, TG, and solid-state one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, which reveal information on its detailed structure. It has a hierarchical porosity system, which combines the intrinsic micropores coming from the crystalline structure and irregular mesopores created by the organosilane template. Moreover, the mesoposity including pore size and volume within ZSM-5 can be systematically tuned by changing the organosilane/TEOS ratio, which confirms that this organosilane has high flexibility of use as a template for the synthesis of hierarchical porous zeolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Youssef Saih
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Weibing Liu
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Akshaya Kumar Samal
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
This article reviews the results obtained in the synthesis, characterization and applications of zeolites and related microporous materials, focusing on catalytic processes developed in Eni research laboratories over the last 40 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bellussi
- Eni SpA
- Development, Operations and Technology
- Downstream R&D
- I-20097 San Donato Milanese
- Italy
| | - Roberto Millini
- Eni SpA
- Development, Operations and Technology
- Renewable Energy & Environmental R&D
- I-28100 Novara
- Italy
| | - Paolo Pollesel
- Eni SpA
- Development, Operations and Technology
- Downstream R&D
- I-20097 San Donato Milanese
- Italy
| | - Carlo Perego
- Eni SpA
- Development, Operations and Technology
- Renewable Energy & Environmental R&D
- I-28100 Novara
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gas-phase epoxidation of propylene in the presence of H2 and O2 over small gold ensembles in uncalcined TS-1. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
Zheng A, Xia C, Xiang Y, Xin M, Zhu B, Lin M, Xu G, Shu X. Titanium species in deactivated HTS-1 zeolite from industrial cyclohexanone ammoxidation process. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
24
|
Yang L, Xin F, Lin J, Zhuang Z, Sun R. Continuous heterogeneous cyclohexanone ammoximation reaction using a monolithic TS-1/cordierite catalyst. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01789g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic performance of monolithic TS-1/cordierite catalysts for the continuous heterogeneous cyclohexanone ammoximation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marin Resources and Chemistry
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Feng Xin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junzhong Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuang Zhuang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bordiga S, Groppo E, Agostini G, van Bokhoven JA, Lamberti C. Reactivity of Surface Species in Heterogeneous Catalysts Probed by In Situ X-ray Absorption Techniques. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1736-850. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Agostini
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, HCI E127 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK) Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Instituteaul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bellussi G, Carati A, Rizzo C, Millini R. New trends in the synthesis of crystalline microporous materials. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20510f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Koller H, Weiss M. Solid state NMR of porous materials : zeolites and related materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 306:189-227. [PMID: 21452082 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid state NMR spectroscopy applied to the science of crystalline micro- and mesoporous silica materials over the past 10 years is reviewed. A survey is provided of framework structure and connectivity analyses from chemical shift effects of various elements in zeolites including heteroatom substitutions, framework defects and pentacoordinated silicon for zeolites containing fluoride ions. New developments in the field of NMR crystallography are included. Spatial host-guest ordering and confinement effects of zeolite-sorbate complexes are outlined, with special emphasis on NMR applications utilizing the heteronuclear dipolar interaction. The characterization of zeolite acid sites and in situ NMR on catalytic conversions is also included. Finally, the motion of extra-framework cations is investigated in two tutorial cases of sodium hopping in sodalite and cancrinite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Koller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Z, Chen R, Xing W, Jin W, Xu N. Continuous Acetone Ammoximation over TS-1 in a Tubular Membrane Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410076, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410076, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410076, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410076, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410076, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fan F, Feng Z, Li C. UV Raman spectroscopic studies on active sites and synthesis mechanisms of transition metal-containing microporous and mesoporous materials. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:378-87. [PMID: 20028121 DOI: 10.1021/ar900210g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microporous and mesoporous materials are widely used as catalysts and catalyst supports. Although the incorporation of transition metal ions into the framework of these materials (by isomorphous substitution of Al and Si) is an effective means of creating novel catalytic activity, the characterization of the transition metal species within these materials is difficult. Both the low concentration of the highly dispersed transition metal and the coexistence of extraframework transition metal species present clear challenges. Moreover, the synthetic mechanisms that operate under the highly inhomogeneous conditions of hydrothermal synthesis are far from well understood. A useful technique for addressing these challenges is UV Raman spectroscopy, which is a powerful technique for catalyst characterization and particularly for transition metal-containing microporous and mesoporous materials. Conventional Raman spectroscopy, using visible and IR wavelengths, often fails to provide the information needed for proper characterization as a result of fluorescence interference. But shifting the excitation source to the UV range addresses this difficulty: interference from fluorescence (which typically occurs at 300-700 nm or greater) is greatly diminished. Moreover, signal intensity is enhanced because Raman intensity is proportional to the fourth power of the scattered light frequency. In this Account, we review recent advances in UV Raman spectroscopic characterization of (i) highly dispersed transition metal oxides on supports, (ii) transition metal ions in the framework of microporous and mesoporous materials, and (iii) the synthetic mechanisms involved in making microporous materials. By taking advantage of the strong UV resonance Raman effect, researchers have made tremendous progress in the identification of isolated transition metal ions incorporated in the framework of microporous and mesoporous materials such as TS-1, Ti-MCM-41, Fe-ZSM-5, and Fe-SBA-15. The synthetic mechanisms involved in creating microporous materials (such as Fe-ZSM-5 and zeolite X) have been investigated with resonance and in situ UV Raman spectroscopy. The precursors and intermediates evolved in the synthesis solution and gels can be sensitively detected and followed during the course of zeolite synthesis. This work has resulted in a greater understanding of the structure of transition metal-containing microporous and mesoporous materials, providing a basis for the rational design and synthesis of microporous and mesoporous catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Graduate University
| | - Zhaochi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
First principles studies on periodic TS-1 models at Ti content corresponding to 1.35% and 2.7% in weight of TiO(2) are presented. The problem of Ti preferential siting is addressed by using realistic models corresponding to the TS-1 unit cell [TiSi(95)O(192)] and adopting for the first time a periodic DFT approach, thus providing an energy scale for Ti in the different crystallographic sites in nondefective TS-1. The structure with Ti in site T3 is the most stable, followed by T4 (+0.3 kcal/mol); the less stable structure, corresponding to Ti in T1, is 5.6 kcal/mol higher in energy. The work has been extended to investigate models with two Ti's per unit cell [Ti(2)Si(94)O(192)] (2.7%). The possible existence of Ti-O-Ti bridges, formed by two corner-sharing TiO(4) tetrahedra, is discussed. By using cluster models cut from the optimized periodic DFT structures, both vibrational (DFT) and electronic excitation spectra (TDDFT) have been calculated and favorably compared with the experimental data available on TS-1. Interesting features emerged from excitation spectra: (i) Isolated tetrahedral Ti sites show a Beer-Lambert behavior, with absorption intensity proportional to concentration. Such a behavior is gradually lost when two Ti's occupy sites close to each other. (ii) The UV-vis absorption in the 200-250 nm region can be associated with transitions from occupied states delocalized on the framework oxygens to empty d states localized on Ti. Such extended-states-to-local-states transitions may help the interpretation of the photovoltaic activity recently detected in Ti zeolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Gamba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ed Ambientali, University of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Lucini 3, I-22100 Como, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fois E, Gamba A, Tabacchi G. Bathochromic Effects in Electronic Excitation Spectra of Hydrated Ti Zeolites: A Theoretical Characterization. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:538-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
32
|
Spanó E, Tabacchi G, Gamba A, Fois E. On the role of Ti(IV) as a Lewis acid in the chemistry of titanium zeolites: Formation, structure, reactivity, and aging of Ti-peroxo oxidizing intermediates. A first principles study. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:21651-61. [PMID: 17064121 DOI: 10.1021/jp065494m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ethylene epoxidation cycle in a H2O2/H2O-loaded Ti zeolite has been simulated by a Car-Parrinello approach. Results indicate a process where the zeolitic framework is the active oxygen mediator. The dissociative chemisorption of H2O2 leads, via a transient Ti-hydroperoxo species, to H2O and a Ti-peroxo zeolite intermediate. Transfer of active oxygen to ethylene follows, giving the epoxide and recovering the catalyst. A thorough theoretical characterization indicates that the active oxidizing species is an asymmetric eta2-Ti-peroxo, absorbing in the visible range. The lability of the intermediate is found related to eta2 <--> eta1 interconversions of the Ti-peroxo structure. The interconversions, triggered by water molecules, could account for the experimentally found reduced catalytic activity in aged TS-1 catalysts. The results provide a microscopic picture of the reactivity and dehydration/aging processes of the catalyst fully consistent with experiments and highlight the fundamental role of the Lewis acid character of Ti in the formation, reactivity, and degradation of the active oxidizing species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Spanó
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ed Ambientali, University of Insubria at Como, and INSTM udr Como, Via Lucini 3, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bordiga S, Bonino F, Damin A, Lamberti C. Reactivity of Ti(iv) species hosted in TS-1 towards H2O2–H2O solutions investigated by ab initio cluster and periodic approaches combined with experimental XANES and EXAFS data: a review and new highlights. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4854-78. [PMID: 17912416 DOI: 10.1039/b706637f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This work is intended to underline how the most-advanced experimental and theoretical physical chemistry tools must be used synergistically to understand the reactivity of Ti-silicalite-1 (TS-1) in an important number of low-temperature oxidation reactions with aqueous H(2)O(2) as the oxidant. Literature results are carefully reviewed and accompanied with new, unpublished highlights of both experimental and computational origin. The first part of this work is devoted to a discussion of the defective nature of the material and to the synergic role played by Si vacancies and Ti insertion in the framework. A summary of the experimental Ti-K-edge EXAFS and XANES literature concerning the activated material in vacuo conditions is then presented and compared to the corresponding Ti geometries obtained by ab initio calculations. From such a comparison, the excellent agreement between experiment and theory is evident. A very good agreement is also obtained for the interaction with water and ammonia. For both H(2)O and NH(3), the agreement is due to the possibility to perform experiments in which the probe molecule is dosed from the gas phase, thus allowing to reach the 1 : 1 (or 1 : 2) ratio between the adsorbing Ti sites and the adsorbed molecule. Then, interaction with hydrogen peroxide is discussed, underlining the problems faced in reaching a common view between experimental and theoretical results, owing to the difficulties both in performing experiments where anhydrous H(2)O(2) is dosed on TS-1, and in taking into account the role played by the aqueous medium in the reactivity of Ti(iv) centres toward H(2)O(2) using ab initio calculations. Only once such difficulties have been overcome, by increasing the complexities of both experiments and ab initio models, is a joint-view finally obtained. Where needed, comparison with other experimental results (X-ray and neutron diffraction, NMR, IR, Raman, UV-vis and resonant Raman) is made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Inorganic, Physical and Materials Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|