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Postils V, Burešová Z, Casanova D, Champagne B, Bureš F, Rodriguez V, Castet F. Second-order nonlinear optical properties of X-shaped pyrazine derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1709-1721. [PMID: 38131670 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This work reports an investigation of the second-order NLO properties of two isomer series of X-shaped pyrazine derivatives, by means of HRS measurements and DFT calculations. The systems differ in the relative position of the donor and acceptor substituents with respect to the axis formed by the nitrogen atoms of the central pyrazine ring. Although the magnitude of the second harmonic signal is similar, HRS measurements revealed that the anisotropy of the NLO response strongly differs in the two chromophore series, the one of the 2,3-isomers being strikingly dipolar, while the one of the 2,6-isomers is mostly octupolar. The experimental observations are well supported by DFT calculations. In particular, the sum-over-states approach allows us to rationalize the different NLO anisotropies observed in the two isomer series through a detailed analysis of the symmetry of the low-lying excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verònica Postils
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Zuzana Burešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Chemistry Department, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
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2
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Meti P, Gong YD. Unveiling the structure-property relationship of X-shaped pyrazine-based D-A type luminophores with tunable aggregation-induced emission. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Benedini S, Zheng Y, Nitti A, Mazza MMA, Dondi D, Raymo FM, Pasini D. Large polarization of push–pull “Cruciforms” via coordination with lanthanide ions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04358g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
“Bent” or “cruciform” shaped conjugated push–pull compounds exhibit striking differences in their supramolecular recognition of lanthanide cations, with in an outstanding supramolecular polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 – 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
| | - Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 – 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mercedes M. A. Mazza
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 – 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 – 27100 Pavia, Italy
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5
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Islam K, Narjinari H, Kumar A. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bearing Polyethynyl Bridges: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and their Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadimul Islam
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Guwahati Assam India
| | - Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Guwahati Assam India
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Guwahati Assam India
- Center for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Guwahati Assam India
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6
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Schollmeyer D, Sadovski O, Detert H. Diethyl [(2,5-di-iodo-4-methyl-phen-yl)meth-yl]phospho-nate. IUCRDATA 2021; 6:x210654. [PMID: 36337324 PMCID: PMC9462347 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314621006544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C12H17I2O3P, was prepared in three steps from p-xylene. Heterodimers between nearly identical mol-ecules are connected via three hydrogen bonds from benzylic and ester methyl-ene groups to phospho-nate. The dimers form chains along the a-axis direction, stabilized by C-H⋯O bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Schollmeyer
- University of Mainz, Institut for Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oleg Sadovski
- University of Mainz, Institut for Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- University of Mainz, Institut for Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Geenen SR, Schumann T, Müller TJJ. Fluorescent Donor-Acceptor Psoralen Cruciforms by Consecutive Suzuki-Suzuki and Sonogashira-Sonogashira One-Pot Syntheses. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9737-9750. [PMID: 32575986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two novel donor-acceptor cruciform topologies are efficiently synthesized by site-selective Suzuki-Suzuki and Sonogashira-Sonogashira multicomponent reactions starting from a bromo-triflato-functionalized psoralen scaffold. In addition to tunability of photophysical properties, such as absorption and emission, many derivatives possess partially high relative fluorescence quantum yields in solution and fluoresce strongly in the solid state. Additionally, the promising compounds show solvatochromism and acidochromic effects. In addition, 8-p-anisyl-5-p-cyanophenyl-substituted psoralen exhibits aggregation-induced emission properties. Experimentally (applying the Lippert-Mataga model) and computationally (TD-DFT calculations), the pronounced charge transfer character of the longest wavelength absorption band was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Geenen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Torben Schumann
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Zhang H, Kotlear EA, Kushida S, Maier S, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Linear and Star-Shaped Extended Di- and Tristyrylbenzenes: Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Response to Acid and Metal Ions. Chemistry 2020; 26:8137-8143. [PMID: 32220032 PMCID: PMC7383513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two linear 1,4-distyrylbenzenes and five star-shaped 1,3,5-tristyrylbenzene derivatives (L2a and L2b , Y0 -Y3 and YNBu ) were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The photophysical properties, optical response to acid and metal ions were investigated. Upon backbone extension of linear distyrylbenzenes or the introduction of dibutylanilines, the electronic spectra are redshifted. Incorporation of electron-deficient pyridyl units does not significantly affect the optical properties. Variation of the number of pyridine rings and substitution pattern tune the fluorescence response to acids and metal ions. The novel arenes discriminate Al3+ , Mn2+ , Fe3+ , Fe2+ , Cd2+ , Ag+ and Hg2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Eugen A. Kotlear
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Soh Kushida
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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9
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Nojo W, Reingold ID, Bard JP, Chase DT, Deng CL, Haley MM. Donor-/Acceptor-Substituted Tetrakis(arylethynyl)benzenes: The Influence of Donor Group on Optoelectronic Properties. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1391-1395. [PMID: 31944038 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared nine structural isomers of a tetrakis(arylethynyl)benzene chromophore functionalized with 4-butoxyphenyl and pyridyl units as the respective donor and acceptor units and examined their steady-state spectroscopic parameters to study how small structural variations effect the electronic absorption and emission spectra. Unlike their 4-dibutylaminophenyl congeners that exhibited dynamic hypsochromic or bathochromic shifts in response to Lewis and Brønsted acids, the current class of compounds simply showed quenched fluorescence upon protonation; only AlCl3 elicited a red-shifted fluorescence response. Computational studies of each system were also performed to provide additional insight into the energy levels and electronic transitions present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nojo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - I David Reingold
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Juniata College, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Jeremy P Bard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - Daniel T Chase
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - Chun-Lin Deng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
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10
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Patel HA, Bhanvadia VJ, Mande HM, Zade SS, Patel AL. Benzochalcogendiazole-based conjugated molecules: investigating the effects of substituents and heteroatom juggling. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9467-9478. [PMID: 31651018 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01762c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and effective synthetic approach for benzochalcogendiazole-based small molecules has been achieved using polyaniline (PANI)-anchored palladium as a heterogeneous catalyst. The photophysical properties of the synthesized benzochalcogendiazole-based small molecules, having different terminal substituents, have been compared. Moreover, the structural aspects, including the packing patterns and non-bonding interactions of the conjugated molecules, have been investigated using the single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta A Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, India.
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11
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Ueberricke L, Holub D, Kranz J, Rominger F, Elstner M, Mastalerz M. Triptycene End-Capped Quinoxalinophenanthrophenazines (QPPs): Influence of Substituents and Conditions on Aggregation in the Solid State. Chemistry 2019; 25:11121-11134. [PMID: 31210369 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Triptycene end-capped quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine reveals a coplanar arrangement with a high overlap of the π planes. Four structurally related model compounds bearing electron-withdrawing or -donating groups were synthesized, and their optoelectronic properties were characterized by using cyclovoltammetry, absorption- and emission spectroscopy as well as theoretical calculations. The directional robustness of the triptycene end-capping of these compounds was tested by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The impact of solvents and crystallization conditions has also been investigated. In total, 17 single-crystal structures were obtained. Each structure was evaluated for its potential charge-transfer capability taking into account the overall molecular packing, solvent enclathration and the structural overlap of the π planes of adjacent molecules. For this purpose, charge-transfer integrals were also calculated for every π-stacked dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ueberricke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Holub
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julian Kranz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Fletcher K, Krämer M, Bunz UH, Dreuw A. The π-conjugation length determines the fluorescence quenching mechanism of aromatic aldehydes in water. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Sanji T, Fuchigami A, Tanaka M. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Phenyleneethynylenes Containing a Combination of Two Main Group Element Moieties of B, Si, or P on the Side Chain. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Sanji
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Akemi Fuchigami
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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14
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Sun CZ, Cheng LJ, Qiao Y, Zhang LY, Chen ZN, Dai FR, Lin W, Wang Z. Stimuli-responsive metal–organic supercontainers as synthetic proton receptors. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10256-10263. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional supercontainers exhibit intriguing H+-dependent fluorescent switching behavior, opening exiting new opportunities for proton modulation in both chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Li-Ji Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yupu Qiao
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Fluorinated Functional Materials
- University of South Dakota
- Vermillion
- USA
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zhong-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Feng-Rong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Fluorinated Functional Materials
- University of South Dakota
- Vermillion
- USA
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15
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Li Y, Meng H, Li Y, Pang B, Luo G, Huang J. Adjusting the energy levels and bandgaps of conjugated polymers via Lewis acid–base reactions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04453h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometry of the Lewis acid–base coordination between polymers and BCF and the effects on the optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Pang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Genggeng Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
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16
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Wei W, Jin Y, Han T, Du B, Zhi X, Wei C, Yuan S. A Fluorescent Chemosensor for Zn2+ Based on a C3-Symmetrical and Pre-Organized 2,2′,2″-Nitrilotribenzoic Acid Material. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A C3-symmetrical 4,4″,4⁗-nitrilotris(2′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid) (4) derived from nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was found to selectively bind Zinc(ii) ions both in DMSO or MeOH. A synergistic effect of the anionic counter ion SO42− on the sensing behaviour of 4 to metal ions was clearly observed in DMSO. Interestingly, 4 showed a rapid hypochromatic shift in emission ascribed to the deprotonation and the concomitant formation of a 4–metal complex upon the addition of Zn2+ ions, instead of the bathochromic shift and emission enhancement attributed to the SO42−-involved hydrogen-bonding interaction for Ni2+, Li+, Mg2+, and Na+ ions at ratios below 1:1 in DMSO. The observed sensing process of sulfate salts associated with the SO42−-involved hydrogen-bonding interaction, deprotonation, and the concomitant complexation can also be clearly monitored by titration methods utilising UV-vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy in solution. In comparison with 4, compound 1 showed an obvious difference in the binding interaction with zinc sulfate in MeOH, probably owing to the decreased acidity. Anion-induced hydrogen-bonding interactions and deprotonation of the COOH protons in the excited state also endowed 4 versatile spectroscopic properties. The addition of F− and SO42− anions resulted in a remarkable enhancement probably related with a rigidifying effect. 2,2′,2″-Nitrilotribenzoic acid can be utilised as a potential scaffold to build a series of conjugated fluorescent sensors by its chelation effect owing to the rigid cavity pre-organised by the triphenylamine moiety and the carboxylic groups and the conjugation extension in the 4,4′,4″ positions.
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17
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Fan Y, Li HM, Zou GD, Zhang X, Pan YL, Cao KK, Zhang ML, Ma PL, Lu HT. Diferrocenes Bridged by a Geminal Diethynylethene Scaffold with Varying Pendant Substituents: Electronic Interactions in Cross-Conjugated System. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Min Li
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Zou
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Le Pan
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ke Cao
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Lin Ma
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ting Lu
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
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Randell NM, Fransishyn KM, Kelly TL. Lewis Acid-Base Chemistry of 7-Azaisoindigo-Based Organic Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24788-24796. [PMID: 28670896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-band-gap organic semiconductors are important in a variety of organic electronics applications, such as organic photovoltaic devices, photodetectors, and field effect transistors. Building on our previous work, which introduced 7-azaisoindigo as an electron-deficient building block for the synthesis of donor-acceptor organic semiconductors, we demonstrate how Lewis acids can be used to further tune the energies of the frontier molecular orbitals. Coordination of a Lewis acid to the pyridinic nitrogen of 7-azaisoindigo greatly diminishes the electron density in the azaisoindigo π-system, resulting in a substantial reduction in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy. This results in a smaller highest occupied molecular orbital-LUMO gap and shifts the lowest-energy electronic transition well into the near-infrared region. Both H+ and BF3 are shown to coordinate to azaisoindigo and affect the energy of the S0 → S1 transition. A combination of time-dependent density functional theory and UV/vis and 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations reveal that when two azaisoindigo groups are present and high concentrations of acid are used, both pyridinic nitrogens bind Lewis acids. Importantly, we demonstrate that this acid-base chemistry can be carried out at the solid-vapor interface by exposing thin films of aza-substituted organic semiconductors to vapor-phase BF3·Et2O. This suggests the possibility of using the BF3-bound 7-azaisoindigo-based semiconductors as n-type materials in various organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Randell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Kyle M Fransishyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Timothy L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9
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19
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Al Mousawi A, Lara DM, Noirbent G, Dumur F, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Bui TT, Goubard F, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Carbazole Derivatives with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Property as Photoinitiators/Photoredox Catalysts for LED 3D Printing Technology. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Assi Al Mousawi
- UMR CNRS 7361 −
UHA, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, 15,
rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques
(MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Diego Magaldi Lara
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie
des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI, Université de Cergy-Pontoise,
5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Noirbent
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie
des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI, Université de Cergy-Pontoise,
5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, Cedex, France
| | - Frederic Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Joumana Toufaily
- Laboratoire
de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques
(MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Tayssir Hamieh
- Laboratoire
de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques
(MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Thanh-Tuan Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie
des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI, Université de Cergy-Pontoise,
5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie
des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI, Université de Cergy-Pontoise,
5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- UMR CNRS 7361 −
UHA, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, 15,
rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- UMR CNRS 7361 −
UHA, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, 15,
rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- UMR CNRS 7361 −
UHA, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, 15,
rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
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20
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Shintani R, Misawa N, Takano R, Nozaki K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis and Optical Properties of Silicon-Bridged Arylpyridines. Chemistry 2017; 23:2660-2665. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shintani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Nana Misawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Ryo Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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21
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Mazumdar P, Maity S, Shyamal M, Das D, Sahoo GP, Misra A. Proton triggered emission and selective sensing of picric acid by the fluorescent aggregates of 6,7-dimethyl-2,3-bis-(2-pyridyl)-quinoxaline. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7055-67. [PMID: 26608816 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A heteroatom containing organic fluorophore 6,7-dimethyl-2,3-bis-(2-pyridyl)-quinoxaline (BPQ) is weakly emissive in solution but its emission properties are highly enhanced in the aggregated state due to the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) and large amplitude vibrational modes, demonstrating the phenomenon, aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE). It has strong proton capture capability, allowing reversible fluorescence switching in basic and acidic medium and the emission color changes from blue to green in the aggregated state through protonation. It has been explained as a competition between intramolecular charge transfers (ICTs) and the AIEE phenomena at a lower pH range (pH ∼1-4). Such behavior enables it as a fluorescent pH sensor for detection in acidic and basic medium. Morphologies of the particles are characterized using optical and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) studies. The turn off fluorescence properties of aggregated BPQ have been utilized for the selective detection of picric acid and the fluorescence quenching is explained due to ground state complexation with a strong quenching constant, 7.81 × 10(4) M(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa Mazumdar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, WB, India.
| | - Samir Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, WB, India.
| | - Milan Shyamal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, WB, India.
| | - Debasish Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, WB, India.
| | - Gobinda Prasad Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, WB, India.
| | - Ajay Misra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, WB, India.
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22
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Thilanga Liyanage AD, Milián-Medina B, Zhang B, Gierschner J, Watson MD. ¿Conjugated? Copolymers from a Pechmann Dye Derivative. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña Milián-Medina
- Department for Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Valencia; 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced StudiesIMDEA Nanoscience; Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Mark D. Watson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY 40506 USA
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23
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Klikar M, Solanke P, Tydlitát J, Bureš F. Alphabet-Inspired Design of (Hetero)Aromatic Push-Pull Chromophores. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1886-905. [PMID: 27272649 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull molecules represent a unique and fascinating class of organic π-conjugated materials. Herein, we provide a summary of their recent extraordinary design inspired by letters of the alphabet, especially focusing on H-, L-, T-, V-, X-, and Y-shaped molecules. Representative structures from each class were presented and their fundamental properties and prospective applications were discussed. In particular, emphasis is given to molecules recently prepared in our laboratory with T-, X-, and Y-shaped arrangements based on indan-1,3-dione, benzene, pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, and triphenylamine. These push-pull molecules turned out to be very efficient charge-transfer chromophores with tunable properties suitable for second-order nonlinear optics, two-photon absorption, reversible pH-induced and photochromic switching, photocatalysis, and intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Klikar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Parmeshwar Solanke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tydlitát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
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24
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Chen Y, Lu X, Xiang C, Ling Y, Zhou G. Charge Transfer Through Dithieno[2,3-a:3',2'-c]phenazine: Effect of Substitution Pattern on the Optoelectronic Properties of Regioisomeric Luminophores. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:874-81. [PMID: 26790136 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two series of regioisomeric luminophores that contained a dithieno[2,3-a:3',2'-c]phenazine (DTP) unit as an electron acceptor have been designed and synthesized. To investigate the effect of substitution pattern on the optoelectronic properties of these luminophores, electron donors (N,N-dihexylaniline or N,N-dihexyl-4-vinylaniline) were incorporated at the 2,5-, 8,11-, and 9,10-positions of the DTP unit. We found that the optoelectronic properties of the regioisomeric luminophores were greatly affected by the substitution pattern: functionalization at the 8,11-positions of the DTP unit was superior to the other two substitution patterns in extending the effective π-conjugation and strengthening the intramolecular charge-transfer interactions. Moreover, the insertion of vinyl groups between the DTP and N,N-dihexylaniline units narrowed the energy band-gap for isomers 4 and 5. However, hypsochromically shifted absorption and photoluminescence maxima were observed for isomeric luminophore 6, in which electron donors were substituted at the 2,5-positions of the DTP unit. These results should facilitate greater understanding of the structure-property relationships in regioisomeric semiconductors and present a new way to design optoelectronic materials with effective substitution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Lab of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Lab of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chunlan Xiang
- Lab of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ling
- Lab of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
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25
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Kretzschmar A, Patze C, Schwaebel ST, Bunz UHF. Development of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Shortened Emissive Lifetimes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9126-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kretzschmar
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Patze
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Thimon Schwaebel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Yamaguchi Y, Ochi T, Matsubara Y, Yoshida ZI. Highly Emissive Whole Rainbow Fluorophores Consisting of 1,4-Bis(2-phenylethynyl)benzene Core Skeleton: Design, Synthesis, and Light-Emitting Characteristics. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8630-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochi
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshio Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Zen-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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27
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Benzothiadiazole-based organic dyes with pyridine anchors for dye-sensitized solar cells: effect of donor on optical properties. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Yuan Z, Younes AH, Allen JR, Davidson MW, Zhu L. Enhancing the Photostability of Arylvinylenebipyridyl Compounds as Fluorescent Indicators for Intracellular Zinc(II) Ions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5600-10. [PMID: 25942357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arylvinylenebipyridyl (AVB) ligands are bright, zinc(II)-sensitive fluoroionophores. The applicability of AVBs as fluorescent indicators for imaging cellular zinc(II), however, is limited by low photostability, partially attributable to the photoisomerization of the vinylene functionality. Two configurationally immobilized (i.e., "locked") AVB analogues are prepared in this work. The zinc(II)-sensitive photophysical properties and zinc(II) affinities of both AVBs and their locked analogues are characterized in organic and aqueous media. The zinc(II) sensitivity of the emission is attributed to the zinc(II)-dependent energies of the charge transfer excited states of these compounds. The configurationally locked ligands have improved photostability, while maintaining the brightness and zinc(II) sensibility of their AVB progenitors. The feasibility of the "locked" AVB analogues with improved photostability for imaging intracellular Zn(II) of eukaryotic cells using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yuan
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Ali H Younes
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - John R Allen
- ‡National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Michael W Davidson
- ‡National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T. M. Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming
Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Nadia S. El-Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming
Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ognjen Š. Miljanić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming
Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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30
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García-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez AM, Prieto P, Andreu R, Merino S, Rodríguez-López J. Swivel-Cruciform Stilbenes Based on Bithiophene. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Berryman OB, Johnson CA, Vonnegut CL, Fajardo KA, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Solid-State Examination of Conformationally Diverse Sulfonamide Receptors Based on Bis(2-anilinoethynyl)pyridine, -Bipyridine, and -Thiophene. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2015; 15:1502-1511. [PMID: 26405435 PMCID: PMC4577069 DOI: 10.1021/cg5018856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing an induced-fit model and taking advantage of rotatable acetylenic C(sp)-C(sp2) bonds, we disclose the synthesis and solid-state structures of a series of conformationally diverse bis-sulfonamide arylethynyl receptors using either pyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine, or thiophene as the core aryl group. Whereas the bipyridine and thiophene structures do not appear to bind guests in the solid state, the pyridine receptors form 2 + 2 dimers with water molecules, two halides, or one of each, depending on the protonation state of the pyridine nitrogen atom. Isolation of a related bis-sulfonimide derivative demonstrates the importance of the sulfonamide N-H hydrogen bonds in dimer formation. The pyridine receptors form monomeric structures with larger guests such as BF4- or HSO4-, where the sulfonamide arms rotate to the side opposite the pyridine N atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orion B. Berryman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Charles A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Chris L. Vonnegut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Kevin A. Fajardo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon, 1443 East 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
- Corresponding Authors: (D.W.J.) . (M.M.H.)
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
- Corresponding Authors: (D.W.J.) . (M.M.H.)
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32
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You L, Zha D, Anslyn EV. Recent Advances in Supramolecular Analytical Chemistry Using Optical Sensing. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7840-92. [PMID: 25719867 DOI: 10.1021/cr5005524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei You
- †State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 35002, People's Republic of China
| | - Daijun Zha
- †State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 35002, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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33
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Vonnegut CL, Tresca BW, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Ion and molecular recognition using aryl-ethynyl scaffolding. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:522-35. [PMID: 25586943 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aryl-ethynyl linkage has been extensively employed in the construction of hosts for a variety of guests. Uses range from ion detection (e.g., of metal cations in the environment or industrial waste and of anions prevalent in nature), to molecular mimics for biological systems, and to applications targeting future safety issues (such as CO2 capture and indicators for the manufacture of chemical weapons). This Focus Review examines the utilization of the aryl-ethynyl linkage in engineering host molecules for a variety of different guests, and how the alkyne unit plays an integral part as both a rigid scaffolding section in host geometry design as well as a linker to allow conjugative communication between discrete π-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris L Vonnegut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253 (USA)
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34
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Bodedla GB, Justin Thomas KR, Kumar S, Jou JH, Li CJ. Phenothiazine-based bipolar green-emitters containing benzimidazole units: synthesis, photophysical and electroluminescence properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of bipolar green emitters bearing hole-transporting phenothiazine and electron-transporting N-phenylbenzimidazole are synthesized and characterized by their photophysical, electrochemical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govardhana Babu Bodedla
- Organic Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Organic Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ju Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
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35
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Vanga DG, Santra M, Keerthi A, Valiyaveettil S. Synthesis and photophysical properties of pyrene-based green fluorescent dyes: butterfly-shaped architectures. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7914-8. [PMID: 25220392 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A few pyrene-based fluorescent compounds were synthesized using Pd/Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Photophysical properties of the π-conjugated pyrene derivatives were studied and the results indicate materials with high quantum efficiency and high extinction coefficient. No π stacking was observed in the crystal lattice. The molecules described here may be useful in developing sensors or imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendar Goud Vanga
- S5-05-02, Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.
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36
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Chen J, Ma S, Zhang J, Wang L, Ye L, Li B, Xu B, Tian W. Proton-Triggered Hypsochromic Luminescence in 1,1'-(2,5-Distyryl-1,4-phenylene) Dipiperidine. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2781-2784. [PMID: 26278078 DOI: 10.1021/jz501383d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A proton-triggered hypsochromic luminescent chromophore 1,1'-(2,5-distyryl-1,4-phenylene) dipiperidine (DPD) was designed and synthesized. Upon treatment by hydrochloric acid (HCl), the emission of DPD showed a large hypsochromic shift in both THF solution and microcrystals. Theoretical calculations and powder X-ray diffraction experiments reveal that the switchable emission of DPD originated from the change of the distribution and the spatial arrangement of the frontier molecular orbitals, and the different stacking modes of DPD in microcrystals also contribute to the switchable emission of DPD in aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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37
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Saeed MA, Le HTM, Miljanić OŠ. Benzobisoxazole cruciforms as fluorescent sensors. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2074-83. [PMID: 24779945 DOI: 10.1021/ar500099z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Cross-conjugated molecular cruciforms are intriguing platforms for optoelectronic applications. Their two intersecting π-conjugated arms allow independent modulation of the molecules' HOMO and LUMO levels and guarantee a well-defined optical response to analyte binding. In addition, the rigid cross-conjugated geometries of these molecules allow their organization in two- and three-dimensional space with long-range order, making them convenient precursors for the transition from solution-based to the more practical solid-state- and surface-based devices. Not surprisingly, a number of molecular cruciform classes have been explored because of these appealing properties. These include tetrakis(arylethynyl)benzenes, tetrastyrylbenzenes, distyrylbis(arylethynyl)benzenes, tetraalkynylethenes, biphenyl-based "swivel" cruciforms, and benzobisoxazole-based cruciforms. In this Account, we summarize our group's work on benzobisoxazole molecular cruciforms. The heterocyclic central core of these molecules forces their HOMOs to localize along the vertical bisethynylbenzene axis; the HOMO localization switches to the horizontal benzobisoxazole axis only in cases when that axis bears electron-rich 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl substituents and the vertical axis does not. In contrast, the LUMOs are generally delocalized across the entire molecule, and their localization occurs only in cruciforms with donor-acceptor substitution. Such spatially isolated frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) of the benzobisoxazole cruciforms make their response to protonation very predictable. Benzobisoxazole cruciforms are highly solvatochromic, and their fluorescence quantum yields reach 80% in nonpolar solvents. Solutions of cruciforms in different solvents change emission colors upon addition of carboxylic and boronic acid analytes. These changes are highly sensitive to the analyte structure, and the emission color responses permit qualitative discrimination among structurally closely related species. In self-assembled complexes with boronic acids, benzobisoxazole fluorophores switch their analyte preferences and become responsive to Lewis basic species: phenoxides, amines, ureas, and small organic and inorganic anions. These sensing complexes allow the decoupling of the sensor's two functions: a nonfluorescent boronic acid does the chemistry through the exchange of its labile B-O bonds for other nucleophiles, and it can be optimized for solubility and analyte specificity; the benzobisoxazole fluorophore senses the electronic changes on the boron and reports them to the operator through changes in its emission colors, allowing this sensing element to be kept constant across a broad range of analytes. We have recently expanded our studies to benzimidazole-based "half-cruciforms", which are L-shaped rigid fluorophores that maintain most of the spatial separation of FMOs observed in benzobisoxazole cruciforms. Unlike benzobisoxazoles, benzimidazoles are acidic on account of their polar N-H bonds, and this feature allows them to respond to a broader range of pH values than their benzobisoxazole counterparts. The deprotonated benzimidazolate anions maintain their fluorescence, which makes them promising candidates for incorporation into solid-state sensing materials known as zeolithic imidazolate frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musabbir A. Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ha T. M. Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ognjen Š. Miljanić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Gawel P, Dengiz C, Finke AD, Trapp N, Boudon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Diederich F. Synthese von Cyano-substituierten Diaryltetracenen ausgehend von Tetraaryl[3]cumulenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Gawel P, Dengiz C, Finke AD, Trapp N, Boudon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Diederich F. Synthesis of Cyano-Substituted Diaryltetracenes from Tetraaryl[3]cumulenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4341-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schwaebel T, Lirag RC, Davey EA, Lim J, Bunz UHF, Miljanić OŠ. Qualitative identification of carboxylic acids, boronic acids, and amines using cruciform fluorophores. J Vis Exp 2013:e50858. [PMID: 23995878 DOI: 10.3791/50858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cruciforms are X-shaped systems in which two conjugation axes intersect at a central core. If one axis of these molecules is substituted with electron-donors, and the other with electron-acceptors, cruciforms' HOMO will localize along the electron-rich and LUMO along the electron-poor axis. This spatial isolation of cruciforms' frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) is essential to their use as sensors, since analyte binding to the cruciform invariably changes its HOMO-LUMO gap and the associated optical properties. Using this principle, Bunz and Miljanić groups developed 1,4-distyryl-2,5-bis(arylethynyl)benzene and benzobisoxazole cruciforms, respectively, which act as fluorescent sensors for metal ions, carboxylic acids, boronic acids, phenols, amines, and anions. The emission colors observed when these cruciform are mixed with analytes are highly sensitive to the details of analyte's structure and - because of cruciforms' charge-separated excited states - to the solvent in which emission is observed. Structurally closely related species can be qualitatively distinguished within several analyte classes: (a) carboxylic acids; (b) boronic acids, and (c) metals. Using a hybrid sensing system composed from benzobisoxazole cruciforms and boronic acid additives, we were also able to discern among structurally similar: (d) small organic and inorganic anions, (e) amines, and (f) phenols. The method used for this qualitative distinction is exceedingly simple. Dilute solutions (typically 10(-6) M) of cruciforms in several off-the-shelf solvents are placed in UV/Vis vials. Then, analytes of interest are added, either directly as solids or in concentrated solution. Fluorescence changes occur virtually instantaneously and can be recorded through standard digital photography using a semi-professional digital camera in a dark room. With minimal graphic manipulation, representative cut-outs of emission color photographs can be arranged into panels which permit quick naked-eye distinction among analytes. For quantification purposes, Red/Green/Blue values can be extracted from these photographs and the obtained numeric data can be statistically processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimon Schwaebel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
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41
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Guo ZH, Lei T, Jin ZX, Wang JY, Pei J. T-shaped donor-acceptor molecules for low-loss red-emission optical waveguide. Org Lett 2013; 15:3530-3. [PMID: 23819876 DOI: 10.1021/ol4012025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of T-shaped polycyclic molecules with high fluorescence were developed as optical waveguide materials. Their emissions covered almost the whole visible range from 450 to 800 nm. Compound 3-1 showed an optical loss coefficient about 0.29 dB/μm in red-emission waveguide. Our investigations demonstrated that these molecules held great potential for organic optical waveguide due to the high fluorescence quantum efficiency and large Stokes' shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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42
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Tlach BC, Tomlinson AL, Ryno AG, Knoble DD, Drochner DL, Krager KJ, Jeffries-EL M. Influence of conjugation axis on the optical and electronic properties of aryl-substituted benzobisoxazoles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6570-81. [PMID: 23796165 DOI: 10.1021/jo4007927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six different 2,6-diethyl-4,8-diarylbenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis(oxazoles) and four different 2,4,6,8-tetraarylbenzobisoxazoles were synthesized in two steps: a Lewis acid catalyzed orthoester cyclization followed by a Suzuki or Stille cross-coupling with various arenes. The influence of aryl group substitution and/or conjugation axis variation on the optical and electronic properties of these benzobis(oxazole) (BBO) compounds was evaluated. Structural modifications could be used to alter the HOMO, LUMO, and band gap over a range of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.5 eV, respectively. However, depending on the location and identity of the substituent, the HOMO level can be altered without significantly impacting the LUMO level. This is supported by the calculated frontier molecular orbitals. Our results indicate that the FMOs and band gaps of benzobisoxazoles can be readily modified either jointly or individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Tlach
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
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Taniguchi N, Shimomaki R, Amako T, Sato T, Tokutome H, Tajima N, Kuroda R, Fujiki M, Imai Y. Preparation of a Spontaneously Resolved Chiral Fluorescent System Containing 4-(2-Arylethynyl)benzoic Acid. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Cation induced electrochromism in 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH): Tuning optical properties of aromatic rings. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Freudenberg J, Kumpf J, Schäfer V, Sauter E, Wörner SJ, Brödner K, Dreuw A, Bunz UHF. Water-Soluble Cruciforms and Distyrylbenzenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and pH-Dependent Amine-Sensing Properties. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4949-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400576y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Kumpf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Sauter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja J. Wörner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brödner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum
für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225,
Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225,
Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
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46
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Schwaebel T, Schäfer V, Wenz J, Coombs BA, Tolosa J, Bunz UHF. Imine Formation as a Simple Reaction to Construct Copper-Reactive Cruciform Fluorophores. J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302456n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thimon Schwaebel
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Schäfer
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Wenz
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin A. Coombs
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Tolosa
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Bryant JJ, Lindner BD, Bunz UHF. Water-Soluble Bis-triazolyl Benzochalcogendiazole Cycloadducts as Tunable Metal Ion Sensors. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1038-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3024889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Bryant
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120,
Germany
| | - Benjamin D. Lindner
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120,
Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120,
Germany
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48
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Lirag RC, Le HTM, Miljanić OŠ. L-shaped benzimidazole fluorophores: synthesis, characterization and optical response to bases, acids and anions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4304-6. [PMID: 23108217 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rio Carlo Lirag
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, 136 Fleming Building, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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49
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Martínez-Martínez V, Lim J, Bañuelos J, López-Arbeloa I, Miljanić OŠ. Strong intramolecular charge transfer emission in benzobisoxazole cruciforms: solvatochromic dyes as polarity indicators. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:18023-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53527d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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50
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Schwaebel T, Trapp O, Bunz UHF. Digital photography for the analysis of fluorescence responses. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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