1
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Berry SS, Jones S. Current applications of kinetic resolution in the asymmetric synthesis of substituted pyrrolidines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10493-10515. [PMID: 34842884 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01943k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chiral substituted pyrrolidines are key elements in various biologically active molecules and are therefore valuable synthetic targets. One traditional method towards enantiomerically pure compounds is the application of kinetic resolution. In this review, current KR methodology used in the synthesis of substituted pyrrolidines is surveyed, including enzymatic methods, cycloadditions and reduction of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian S Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Simon Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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2
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Wong JYF, Thomson CG, Vilela F, Barker G. Flash chemistry enables high productivity metalation-substitution of 5-alkyltetrazoles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13413-13424. [PMID: 34777760 PMCID: PMC8528014 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrazoles play a prominent role in medicinal chemistry due to their role as carboxylate bioisosteres but have largely been overlooked as C-H functionalisation substrates. We herein report the development of a high-yielding and general procedure for the heterobenzylic C-H functionalisation of 5-alkyltetrazoles in up to 97% yield under batch conditions using a metalation/electrophilic trapping strategy. Through the use of thermal imaging to identify potentially unsafe exotherms, a continuous flow procedure using a flash chemistry strategy has also been developed, allowing products to be accessed in up to 95% yield. This enabled an extremely high productivity rate of 141 g h-1 to be achieved on an entry-level flow system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Y F Wong
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Christopher G Thomson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
- Continuum Flow Lab, Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
- Continuum Flow Lab, Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
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3
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Tortajada A, Menezes Correia JT, Serrano E, Monleón A, Tampieri A, Day CS, Juliá-Hernández F, Martin R. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Catalytic Amidation of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Bromides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jose Tiago Menezes Correia
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Serrano
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alicia Monleón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alberto Tampieri
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S. Day
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Engineering and Performance of Ruthenium Complexes Immobilized on Mesoporous Siliceous Materials as Racemization Catalysts. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) is one of the most attractive routes to enantioselective synthesis, and ruthenium complexes are often applied as racemization catalysts. Two substituted cyclopentadienyl ruthenium complexes were immobilized covalently and non-covalently on mesoporous silica of mesocellular foam (MCF) and Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA)-15 type functionalized with a 3 carbon spacer and 4-(chloromethyl)-N-amidobenzoate moiety. The catalysts were studied in a model reaction of secondary alcohol racemization. The immobilization decreased catalyst activity, considerably more for SBA-15 than for MCFs, and complete racemization of 1-phenylethanol was achieved within 24 h with the MCF-supported catalyst. The catalyst could be recovered and reused, thus paving the way for further development of the DKR process. The synthesized materials were fully characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, inductively cou-pled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K.
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5
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Lumbroso A, Beaudet I, Quintard J, Fraisse C, Galland N, Toupet L, Le Grognec E. Sn−Li Transmetalation of α‐Aminoorganostannanes for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Dehydropiperidines and Dehydroazepanes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Beaudet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
| | | | - Cécile Fraisse
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Nicolas Galland
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Loïc Toupet
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6251Institut de Physique de Rennes Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
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6
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Serrano E, Martin R. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Amidation of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Serrano
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA); Passeig Lluïs Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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7
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Serrano E, Martin R. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Amidation of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11207-11. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Serrano
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA); Passeig Lluïs Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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8
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Morozova V, Moriya K, Mayer P, Knochel P. Stereoselective Synthesis and Retentive Trapping of α-Chiral Secondary Alkyllithiums Leading to Stereodefined α,β-Dimethyl Carboxylic Esters. Chemistry 2016; 22:9962-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Morozova
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Kohei Moriya
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
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9
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Rayner PJ, Smith JC, Denneval C, O'Brien P, Clarke PA, Horan RAJ. Mechanistic interrogation of the asymmetric lithiation-trapping of N-thiopivaloyl azetidine and pyrrolidine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1354-7. [PMID: 26620913 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08690f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental mechanistic study of the s-BuLi/chiral diamine-mediated lithiation-trapping of N-thiopivaloyl azetidine and pyrrolidine is reported. We show that lithiated thiopivalamides are configurationally unstable at -78 °C. Reaction then proceeds via a dynamic resolution of diastereomeric lithiated intermediates and this accounts for the variable sense and degree of asymmetric induction observed compared to N-Boc heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rayner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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10
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Blom J, Johansen TK, Jensen F, Jørgensen KA. Dynamic resolution of 2-cyclohexylidene acetaldehydes through organocatalytic dienamine [4+2] cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7153-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalytic formed dienamines are shown to be involved in dynamic resolution of 2-cyclohexylidene acetaldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Blom
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | | | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
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11
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Gooch LM, Rossington SB, Wilkinson JA. Asymmetric synthesis of diarylmethane derivatives by dynamic kinetic resolution. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Cochrane EJ, Hassall LA, Coldham I. Preparation of 1-Substituted Tetrahydro-β-carbolines by Lithiation–Substitution. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5964-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Cochrane
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Coldham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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13
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Fässler J, McCubbin JA, Roglans A, Kimachi T, Hollett JW, Kunz RW, Tinkl M, Zhang Y, Wang R, Campbell M, Snieckus V. Highly Enantioselective (−)-Sparteine-Mediated Lateral Metalation-Functionalization of Remote Silyl Protected ortho-Ethyl N,N-Dialkyl Aryl O-Carbamates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3368-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502561m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Fässler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J. Adam McCubbin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anna Roglans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tetsutaro Kimachi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joshua W. Hollett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Roland W. Kunz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tinkl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yousheng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Campbell
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
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14
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Tait MB, Butterworth S, Clayden J. 2,2- and 2,6-Diarylpiperidines by Aryl Migration within Lithiated Urea Derivatives of Tetrahydropyridines. Org Lett 2015; 17:1236-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Tait
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Jonathan Clayden
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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15
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Metallinos C, Iraj Sadraei S, Zhukovskaya N. Diastereoselective Lithiation of N-Silyl-Protected (S)-Tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-3(2H)-one. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Dagousset G, Moriya K, Mose R, Berionni G, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Open-Chain Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds and Trapping Reactions with Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1425-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Dagousset G, Moriya K, Mose R, Berionni G, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Diastereoselektive Synthese von offenkettigen sekundären Alkyllithiumverbindungen und Abfangreaktionen mit Elektrophilen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Gelardi G, Barker G, O'Brien P, Blakemore DC. Asymmetric lithiation trapping of N-Boc heterocycles at temperatures above -78 °C. Org Lett 2013; 15:5424-7. [PMID: 24180685 DOI: 10.1021/ol402395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric lithiation trapping of N-Boc heterocycles using s-BuLi/chiral diamines at temperatures up to -20 °C is reported. Depending on the N-Boc heterocycle, lithiation is accomplished using s-BuLi and (-)-sparteine or the (+)-sparteine surrogate in the temperature range -50 to -20 °C for short reaction times (2-20 min). Subsequent electrophilic trapping or transmetalation-Negishi coupling delivered functionalized N-Boc heterocycles in 47-95% yield and 77:23-93:7 er. With N-Boc pyrrolidine, trapped products can be generated in ∼90:10 er even at -20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gelardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U. K., and Neusentis Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U. K
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19
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Mongin F, Harrison-Marchand A. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 2. Syntheses and Reactivities of Homo/HeteroMAAs. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7563-727. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mongin
- Equipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10A, Case 1003, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
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20
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Mansueto R, Perna FM, Salomone A, Florio S, Capriati V. Dynamic resolution of lithiated ortho-trifluoromethyl styrene oxide and the effect of chiral diamines on the barrier to enantiomerisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4911-3. [PMID: 23478355 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first dynamic thermodynamic resolution of a racemic oxiranyllithium is described with selectivities of up to 82 : 18 from a selection of three types of chiral ligands (seven ligands in total). Both (-)-sparteine and its (+)-surrogate were surprisingly found to increase the enantiomerisation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmara Mansueto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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21
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Li X, Leonori D, Sheikh NS, Coldham I. Synthesis of 1-Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Lithiation and Electrophilic Quenching Guided by In Situ IR and NMR Spectroscopy and Application to the Synthesis of Salsolidine, Carnegine and Laudanosine. Chemistry 2013; 19:7724-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Seel S, Dagousset G, Thaler T, Frischmuth A, Karaghiosoff K, Zipse H, Knochel P. Preparation of Stereodefined Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds. Chemistry 2013; 19:4614-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Beng TK, Tyree WS, Parker T, Su C, Williard PG, Gawley RE. Dynamics of catalytic resolution of 2-lithio-N-Boc-piperidine by ligand exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16845-55. [PMID: 22967289 PMCID: PMC3468710 DOI: 10.1021/ja307796e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of the racemization and catalytic and stoichiometric dynamic resolution of 2-lithio-N-Boc-piperidine (7) have been investigated. The kinetic order in tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) for both racemization and resolution of the title compound and the kinetic orders in two resolving ligands have been determined. The catalytic dynamic resolution is second order in TMEDA and 0.5 and 0.265 order in chiral ligands 8 and 10, respectively. The X-ray crystal structure of ligand 10 shows it to be an octamer. Dynamic NMR studies of the resolution process were carried out. Some of the requirements for a successful catalytic dynamic resolution by ligand exchange have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K. Beng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - William S. Tyree
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Trent Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | | | - Robert E. Gawley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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24
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Mitchell EA, Peschiulli A, Lefevre N, Meerpoel L, Maes BUW. Direct α-Functionalization of Saturated Cyclic Amines. Chemistry 2012; 18:10092-142. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Ince HH, Dedeoglu B, Gul S, Aviyente V, Coldham I. Selectivity in the aggregates of the chiral organolithiumN-Boc-2-lithiopiperidine with a chiral ligand: a DFT study. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.647103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Barker G, McGrath JL, Klapars A, Stead D, Zhou G, Campos KR, O’Brien P. Enantioselective, Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of N-Boc Pyrrolidine: In Situ React IR Spectroscopic Monitoring, Scope, and Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5936-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2011347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Julia L. McGrath
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Artis Klapars
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Darren Stead
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - George Zhou
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin R. Campos
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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27
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Barbazanges M, Meyer C, Cossy J, Turner P. Synthesis of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols by Sigmatropic Rearrangements of 3‐(N‐Tosylamino)allylic Alcohol Derivatives. Chemistry 2011; 17:4480-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Barbazanges
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS (UMR 7084), 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France), Fax: (+33) 140‐79‐46‐60
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS (UMR 7084), 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France), Fax: (+33) 140‐79‐46‐60
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS (UMR 7084), 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France), Fax: (+33) 140‐79‐46‐60
| | - Peter Turner
- GlaxoSmithKline Stevenage, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG12NY (UK)
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Husmann R, Jörres M, Raabe G, Bolm C. Silylated Pyrrolidines as Catalysts for Asymmetric Michael Additions of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins. Chemistry 2010; 16:12549-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Husmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241‐8092‐391
| | - Manuel Jörres
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241‐8092‐391
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241‐8092‐391
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241‐8092‐391
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29
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Bauer JO, Stiller J, Marqués‐López E, Strohfeldt K, Christmann M, Strohmann C. Silyl‐Modified Analogues of 2‐Tritylpyrrolidine: Synthesis and Applications in Asymmetric Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2010; 16:12553-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O. Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
| | - Julian Stiller
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Eugenia Marqués‐López
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Katja Strohfeldt
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
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30
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Gammon JJ, Gessner VH, Barker GR, Granander J, Whitwood AC, Strohmann C, O’Brien P, Kelly B. Synthesis of P-Stereogenic Compounds via Kinetic Deprotonation and Dynamic Thermodynamic Resolution of Phosphine Sulfides: Opposite Sense of Induction Using (−)-Sparteine. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13922-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Gammon
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Greg R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Johan Granander
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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31
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Coldham I, Raimbault S, Whittaker DTE, Chovatia PT, Leonori D, Patel JJ, Sheikh NS. Asymmetric substitutions of 2-lithiated N-boc-piperidine and N-Boc-azepine by dynamic resolution. Chemistry 2010; 16:4082-90. [PMID: 20175161 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Proton abstraction of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-piperidine (N-Boc-piperidine) with sBuLi and TMEDA provides a racemic organolithium that can be resolved using a chiral ligand. The enantiomeric organolithiums can interconvert so that a dynamic resolution occurs. Two mechanisms for promoting enantioselectivity in the products are possible. Slow addition of an electrophile such as trimethylsilyl chloride allows dynamic resolution under kinetic control (DKR). This process occurs with high enantioselectivity and is successful by catalysis with substoichiometric chiral ligand (catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution). Alternatively, the two enantiomers of this organolithium can be resolved under thermodynamic control with good enantioselectivity (dynamic thermodynamic resolution, DTR). The best ligands found are based on chiral diamino-alkoxides. Using DTR, a variety of electrophiles can be used to provide an asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted piperidines, including (after Boc deprotection) the alkaloid (+)-beta-conhydrine. The chemistry was extended, albeit with lower yields, to the corresponding 2-substituted seven-membered azepine ring derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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Gawley RE. Overview of Carbanion Dynamics and Electrophilic Substitutions in Chiral Organolithium Compounds. TOPICS IN STEREOCHEMISTRY 2010; 26:93-133. [PMID: 21804654 PMCID: PMC3145419 DOI: 10.1002/9783906390628.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Gawley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701 USA
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35
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Schipper D, Rousseaux S, Fagnou K. Kinetic Resolution of Quaternary and Tertiary β-Hydroxy Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8343-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Schipper D, Rousseaux S, Fagnou K. Kinetic Resolution of Quaternary and Tertiary β-Hydroxy Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Coldham I, Leonori D, Beng TK, Gawley RE. The barrier to enantiomerization and dynamic resolution of N-Boc-2-lithiopiperidine and the effect of TMEDA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5239-41. [PMID: 19707632 DOI: 10.1039/b911024k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of enantiomerization and dynamic thermodynamic resolution (DTR) of N-Boc-2-lithiopiperidine have been measured, revealing significant differences in enthalpy and entropy for these processes and a role for the achiral ligand TMEDA; the racemization and the DTR are catalytic and first order in [TMEDA], and this has implications for asymmetric synthesis with chiral organolithiums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UKS3 7HF.
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38
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Beng TK, Yousaf TI, Coldham I, Gawley RE. Enantiomerization dynamics and a catalytic dynamic resolution of N-trimethylallyl-2-lithiopyrrolidine. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6908-9. [PMID: 19405472 DOI: 10.1021/ja900755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The barriers to enantiomerization of N-trimethylallyl-2-lithiopyrrolidine have been measured in the presence of sparteine,1, N,N'-diisopropylbispidine, 2, and diaminoalkoxide 3. We have additionally demonstrated a rare example of a catalytic dynamic resolution using either of two ligands, achieving enantiomer ratios of up to 93:7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Beng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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39
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Lee WK, Park YS, Beak P. Dynamic thermodynamic resolution: advantage by separation of equilibration and resolution. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:224-34. [PMID: 19152329 DOI: 10.1021/ar8000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the investigation of a chemical reaction, researchers typically survey variables such as time, temperature, and stoichiometry to optimize yields. This Account demonstrates how control of these variables, often in nontraditional ways, can provide significant improvements in enantiomeric ratios for asymmetric reactions. Dynamic thermodynamic resolution (DTR) offers a convenient method for the resolution of enantiomeric products in the course of a reaction. This process depends on an essential requirement: the equilibration of the penultimate diastereomers must be subject to external control. As a general case, the reaction of A(R), A(S) with B under the influence of the chiral species, L*, gives resolved products C(R) and C(S). In the first step of dynamic resolution under thermodynamic control, the enantiomeric reactants A(R) and A(S) and L* form the diastereomers A(R)/L* and A(S)/L*. The equilibrium between A(R) and A(S) can be rapid, slow, or not operative, and L* can represent a ligand, an auxiliary, or a crystallization process that provides a chiral environment. Second, the populations of the diastereomers are controlled, usually by thermal equilibration. Finally, the reaction of the diastereomers with a reagent B provides the enantiomeric products C(R) and C(S). The control of the diastereomeric equilibrium distinguishes DTR from other resolution techniques. By contrast, physical resolutions separate thermodynamically stable, nonequilibrating diastereomers, and dynamic kinetic resolutions utilize kinetic control for reactions of rapidly equilibrating diastereomers. The dynamic thermodynamic resolutions discussed in this Account illustrate cases of significantly improved enantioselectivities using this technique. Although many of the well-recognized cases come from organolithium chemistry, the principles are general, and we also present cases facilitated by other chemistries. This approach has been used to control enantioselectivities in a number of different reactions, with improvements in enantiomeric ratios up to 99% from essentially racemic reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Programs of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
| | - Yong Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Bio/Molecular Information Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Peter Beak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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40
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Norcross NR, Melbardis JP, Solera MF, Sephton MA, Kilner C, Zakharov LN, Astles PC, Warriner SL, Blakemore PR. Total Synthesis of (±)-α-Isosparteine, (±)-β-Isosparteine, and (±)-Sparteine from a Common Tetraoxobispidine Intermediate. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7939-51. [PMID: 18798673 DOI: 10.1021/jo8013512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil R. Norcross
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Melbardis
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Ferris Solera
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Sephton
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Kilner
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Astles
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart L. Warriner
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
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41
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Burchak ON, Philouze C, Chavant PY, Py S. A Direct and Versatile Access to α,α-Disubstituted 2-Pyrrolidinylmethanols by SmI2-Mediated Reductive Coupling. Org Lett 2008; 10:3021-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800982n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga N. Burchak
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Pierre Yves Chavant
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Sandrine Py
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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42
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Klapars A, Campos KR, Waldman JH, Zewge D, Dormer PG, Chen CY. Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed α-Arylation of N-Boc-Pyrrolidine: The Key to an Efficient and Practical Synthesis of a Glucokinase Activator. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4986-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8006804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artis Klapars
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Kevin R. Campos
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Jacob H. Waldman
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Daniel Zewge
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Peter G. Dormer
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Cheng-yi Chen
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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43
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Yousaf TI, Williams RL, Coldham I, Gawley RE. The barrier to enantiomerization of N-Boc-2-lithiopyrrolidine: the effect of chiral and achiral diamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:97-8. [PMID: 18399412 DOI: 10.1039/b714302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Sparteine and TMEDA dramatically lower both enthalpy and entropy of activation for the barrier to enantiomerization of N-Boc-2-lithiopyrrolidine in diethyl ether, whereas N,N'-diisopropylbispidine has little effect; the entropy of activation for enantiomerization is zero in the presence of TMEDA and slightly negative in the presence of sparteine; these data suggest a subtle change in mechanism of enantiomerization in the presence of TMEDA and sparteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher I Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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44
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Hogan AML, O'Shea DF. Asymmetric Cascade Reaction Sequences via Chiral Lithiated Intermediates. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2503-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie L. Hogan
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donal F. O'Shea
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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45
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46
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Coldham I, Raimbault S, Chovatia PT, Patel JJ, Leonori D, Sheikh NS, Whittaker DTE. Dynamic resolution of N-Boc-2-lithiopiperidine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4174-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b810988e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bou Chedid R, Brümmer M, Wibbeling B, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. Stereo- und regiochemische Divergenz bei der Substitution eines lithiierten Alk-1-en-3-in-2-ylcarbamats – Synthese hoch enantiomerenangereicherter Vinylallene oder Alk-3-en-5-in-1-ole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Bou Chedid R, Brümmer M, Wibbeling B, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. Stereo- and Regiochemical Divergence in the Substitution of a Lithiated Alk-1-en-3-yn-2-yl Carbamate: Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched Vinylallenes or Alk-3-en-5-yn-1-ols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3131-4. [PMID: 17373010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Bou Chedid
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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50
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Kessar SV, Singh P, Singh KN, Venugopalan P, Kaur A, Bharatam PV, Sharma AK. An Experimental and Computational Study of Stereoselectivity and Reactivity in Lewis Acid Promoted Lithiation-Substitution of Tertiary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:4506-7. [PMID: 17385855 DOI: 10.1021/ja0675144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satinder V Kessar
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India-160014
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