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Minoshima M, Reja SI, Hashimoto R, Iijima K, Kikuchi K. Hybrid Small-Molecule/Protein Fluorescent Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6198-6270. [PMID: 38717865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing protein localization and function in living cells. These hybrid probes are constructed by diverse site-specific chemical protein labeling approaches through chemical reactions to exogenous peptide/small protein tags, enzymatic post-translational modifications, bioorthogonal reactions for genetically incorporated unnatural amino acids, and ligand-directed chemical reactions. The hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are employed for imaging protein trafficking, conformational changes, and bioanalytes surrounding proteins. In addition, fluorescent hybrid probes facilitate visualization of protein dynamics at the single-molecule level and the defined structure with super-resolution imaging. In this review, we discuss development and the bioimaging applications of fluorescent probes based on small-molecule/protein hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Minoshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Shahi Imam Reja
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Ryu Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kohei Iijima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
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2
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Yip AMH, Lai CKH, Yiu KSM, Lo KKW. Phosphorogenic Iridium(III) bis-Tetrazine Complexes for Bioorthogonal Peptide Stapling, Bioimaging, Photocytotoxic Applications, and the Construction of Nanosized Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116078. [PMID: 35119163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The dual functionality of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine as a bioorthogonal reactive unit and a luminescence quencher has shaped tetrazine-based probes as attractive candidates for luminogenic labeling of biomolecules in living systems. In this work, three cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes featuring two tetrazine units were synthesized and characterized. Upon photoexcitation, the complexes were non-emissive but displayed up to 3900-fold emission enhancement upon the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) [4+2] cycloaddition with (1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) substrates. The rapid reaction kinetics (k2 up to 1.47×104 M-1 s-1 ) of the complexes toward BCN substrates allowed effective peptide labeling. The complexes were also applied as live cell bioimaging reagents and photocytotoxic agents. One of the complexes was utilized in the preparation of luminescent nanosized hydrogels that exhibited interesting cargo delivery properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Man-Hei Yip
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Calvin Kin-Ho Lai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ken Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Center for Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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3
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Yip AMH, Lai CKH, Yiu KSM, Lo KKW. Phosphorogenic Iridium(III) bis‐Tetrazine Complexes for Bioorthogonal Peptide Stapling, Bioimaging, Photocytotoxic Applications, and the Construction of Nanosized Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry Tat Chee AvenueKowloon Tong N. A. Hong Kong HONG KONG
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4
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Pomorski A, Krężel A. Biarsenical fluorescent probes for multifunctional site-specific modification of proteins applicable in life sciences: an overview and future outlook. Metallomics 2021; 12:1179-1207. [PMID: 32658234 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent modification of proteins of interest (POI) in living cells is desired to study their behaviour and functions in their natural environment. In a perfect setting it should be easy to perform, inexpensive, efficient and site-selective. Although multiple chemical and biological methods have been developed, only a few of them are applicable for cellular studies thanks to their appropriate physical, chemical and biological characteristics. One such successful system is a tetracysteine tag/motif and its selective biarsenical binders (e.g. FlAsH and ReAsH). Since its discovery in 1998 by Tsien and co-workers, this method has been enhanced and revolutionized in terms of its efficiency, formed complex stability and breadth of application. Here, we overview the whole field of knowledge, while placing most emphasis on recent reports. We showcase the improvements of classical biarsenical probes with various optical properties as well as multifunctional molecules that add new characteristics to proteins. We also present the evolution of affinity tags and motifs of biarsenical probes demonstrating much more possibilities in cellular applications. We summarize protocols and reported observations so both beginners and advanced users of biarsenical probes can troubleshoot their experiments. We address the concerns regarding the safety of biarsenical probe application. We showcase examples in virology, studies on receptors or amyloid aggregation, where application of biarsenical probes allowed observations that previously were not possible. We provide a summary of current applications ranging from bioanalytical sciences to allosteric control of selected proteins. Finally, we present an outlook to encourage more researchers to use these magnificent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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5
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Live cell PNA labelling enables erasable fluorescence imaging of membrane proteins. Nat Chem 2020; 13:15-23. [PMID: 33288896 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology is an emerging field that promises fascinating opportunities for the manipulation and imaging of proteins on a cell surface. The key to progress is the ability to create a nucleic acid-protein junction in the context of living cells. Here we report a covalent labelling reaction that installs a biostable peptide nucleic acid (PNA) tag. The reaction proceeds within minutes and is specific for proteins carrying a 2 kDa coiled-coil peptide tag. Once installed, the PNA label serves as a generic landing platform that enables the recruitment of fluorescent dyes via nucleic acid hybridization. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach by recruiting different fluorophores, assembling multiple fluorophores for increased brightness and achieving reversible labelling by way of toehold-mediated strand displacement. Additionally, we show that labelling can be carried out using two different coiled-coil systems, with epidermal growth factor receptor and endothelin receptor type B, on both HEK293 and CHO cells. Finally, we apply the method to monitor internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor on CHO cells.
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6
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Hu G, Jia H, Zhao L, Cho DH, Fang J. Small molecule fluorescent probes of protein vicinal dithiols. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. Emerging Applications of Fluorogenic and Non-fluorogenic Bifunctional Linkers. Chemistry 2018; 24:16484-16505. [PMID: 29893499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Homo- and hetero-bifunctional linkers play vital roles in constructing a variety of functional systems, ranging from protein bioconjugates with drugs and functional agents, to surface modification of nanoparticles and living cells, and to the cyclization/dimerization of synthetic polymers and biomolecules. Conventional approaches for assaying conjugation extents typically rely on ex situ techniques, such as mass spectrometry, gel electrophoresis, and size-exclusion chromatography. If the conjugation process involving bifunctional linkers was rendered fluorogenic, then in situ monitoring, quantification, and optical tracking/visualization of relevant processes would be achieved. In this review, conventional non-fluorogenic linkers are first discussed. Then the focus is on the evolution and emerging applications of fluorogenic bifunctional linkers, which are categorized into hetero-bifunctional single-caging fluorogenic linkers, homo-bifunctional double-caging fluorogenic linkers, and hetero-bifunctional double-caging fluorogenic linkers. In addition, stimuli-cleavable bifunctional linkers designed for both conjugation and subsequent site-specific triggered release are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
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8
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Tanaka J, Davis TP, Wilson P. Organic Arsenicals as Functional Motifs in Polymer and Biomaterials Science. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800205. [PMID: 29806240 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exhibits diverse (bio)chemical reactivity and biological activity depending upon its oxidation state. However, this distinctive reactivity has been largely overlooked across many fields owing to concerns regarding the toxicity of arsenic. Recently, a clinical renaissance in the use of arsenicals, including organic arsenicals that are known to be less toxic than inorganic arsenicals, alludes to the possibility of broader acceptance and application in the field of polymer and biomaterials science. Here, current examples of polymeric/macromolecular arsenicals are reported to stimulate interest and highlight their potential as a novel platform for functional, responsive, and bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3152, Australia
| | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3152, Australia
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9
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Wang C, Fukazawa A, Tanabe Y, Inai N, Yokogawa D, Yamaguchi S. Water-Soluble Phospholo[3,2-b
]phosphole-P
,P
′-Dioxide-Based Fluorescent Dyes with High Photostability. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1616-1624. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Naoto Inai
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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10
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Schneider JP, Basler M. Shedding light on biology of bacterial cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0499. [PMID: 27672150 PMCID: PMC5052743 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand basic principles of living organisms one has to know many different properties of all cellular components, their mutual interactions but also their amounts and spatial organization. Live-cell imaging is one possible approach to obtain such data. To get multiple snapshots of a cellular process, the imaging approach has to be gentle enough to not disrupt basic functions of the cell but also have high temporal and spatial resolution to detect and describe the changes. Light microscopy has become a method of choice and since its early development over 300 years ago revolutionized our understanding of living organisms. As most cellular components are indistinguishable from the rest of the cellular contents, the second revolution came from a discovery of specific labelling techniques, such as fusions to fluorescent proteins that allowed specific tracking of a component of interest. Currently, several different tags can be tracked independently and this allows us to simultaneously monitor the dynamics of several cellular components and from the correlation of their dynamics to infer their respective functions. It is, therefore, not surprising that live-cell fluorescence microscopy significantly advanced our understanding of basic cellular processes. Current cameras are fast enough to detect changes with millisecond time resolution and are sensitive enough to detect even a few photons per pixel. Together with constant improvement of properties of fluorescent tags, it is now possible to track single molecules in living cells over an extended period of time with a great temporal resolution. The parallel development of new illumination and detection techniques allowed breaking the diffraction barrier and thus further pushed the resolution limit of light microscopy. In this review, we would like to cover recent advances in live-cell imaging technology relevant to bacterial cells and provide a few examples of research that has been possible due to imaging. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P Schneider
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marek Basler
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Di Rocco G, Martinelli I, Pacifico S, Guerrini R, Cichero E, Fossa P, Franchini S, Cardarelli S, Giorgi M, Sola M, Ponterini G. Fluorometric detection of protein-ligand engagement: The case of phosphodiesterase5. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 149:335-342. [PMID: 29132113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. The great clinical success of the PDE5 inhibitors, Sildenafil (Viagra), Vardenafil (Levitra) and Tadalafil (Cialis) has led to an increasing interest for this class of enzymes. Recent studies have shown a correlation between tumor growth and PDE5 overexpression, making PDE5-selective inhibitors promising candidates for cancer treatment. The search for such inhibitors rests today on radioactive assays. In this work, we exploit the conserved catalytic domain of the enzyme and propose a faster and safer method for detecting the binding of ligands and evaluate their affinities. The new approach takes advantage of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between, as the donor, a fluorescein-like diarsenical probe able to covalently bind a tetracysteine motif fused to the recombinant PDE5 catalytic domain and, as the acceptor, a rhodamine probe covalently bound to the pseudosubstrate cGMPS. The FRET efficiency decreases when a competitive ligand binds the PDE5 catalytic site and displaces the cGMPS-rhodamine conjugate. We have structurally investigated the PDE5/cGMPS-rhodamine complex by molecular modelling and have used the FRET signal to quantitatively characterize its binding equilibrium. Competitive displacement experiments were carried out with tadalafil and cGMPS. An adaptation of the competitive-displacement equilibrium model yielded the affinities for PDE5 of the incoming ligands, nano- and micromolar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Martinelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, Ferrara, 44100, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, Ferrara, 44100, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Glauco Ponterini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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12
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Bohl C, Pomorski A, Seemann S, Knospe AM, Zheng C, Krężel A, Rolfs A, Lukas J. Fluorescent probes for selective protein labeling in lysosomes: a case of α-galactosidase A. FASEB J 2017; 31:5258-5267. [PMID: 28821638 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700058rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based live-cell imaging (LCI) of lysosomal glycosidases is often hampered by unfavorable pH and redox conditions that reduce fluorescence output. Moreover, most lysosomal glycosidases are low-mass soluble proteins that do not allow for bulky fluorescent protein fusions. We selected α-galactosidase A (GALA) as a model lysosomal glycosidase involved in Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) for the current LCI approach. Examination of the subcellular localization of AFD-causing mutants can reveal the mechanism underlying cellular trafficking deficits. To minimize genetic GALA modification, we employed a biarsenical labeling protocol with tetracysteine (TC-tag) detection. We tested the efficiency of halogen-substituted biarsenical probes to interact with C-terminally TC-tagged GALA peptide at pH 4.5 in vitro and identified F2FlAsH-EDT2 as a superior detection reagent for GALA. This probe provides improved signal/noise ratio in labeled COS-7 cells transiently expressing TC-tagged GALA. The investigated fluorescence-based LCI technology of TC-tagged lysosomal protein using an improved biarsenical probe can be used to identify novel compounds that promote proper trafficking of mutant GALA to lysosomal compartments and rescue the mutant phenotype.-Bohl, C., Pomorski, A., Seemann, S., Knospe, A.-M., Zheng, C., Krężel, A., Rolfs, A., Lukas, J. Fluorescent probes for selective protein labeling in lysosomes: a case of α-galactosidase A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Bohl
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; and
| | - Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Susanne Seemann
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; and
| | - Anne-Marie Knospe
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; and
| | - Chaonan Zheng
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; and
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; and
| | - Jan Lukas
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; and
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13
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Yang Y, Liang Y, Zhang CY. Label-Free and Homogenous Detection of Caspase-3-Like Proteases by Disrupting Homodimerization-Directed Bipartite Tetracysteine Display. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4055-4061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Laboratory
for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory
for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical
Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and
Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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14
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Schiemer J, Bohm A, Lin L, Merrill-Skoloff G, Flaumenhaft R, Huang JS, Le Breton GC, Chishti AH. Gα13 Switch Region 2 Relieves Talin Autoinhibition to Activate αIIbβ3 Integrin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26598-26612. [PMID: 27803165 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.747279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins function as bi-directional signaling transducers that regulate cell-cell and cell-matrix signals across the membrane. A key modulator of integrin activation is talin, a large cytoskeletal protein that exists in an autoinhibited state in quiescent cells. Talin is a large 235-kDa protein composed of an N-terminal 45-kDa FERM (4.1, ezrin-, radixin-, and moesin-related protein) domain, also known as the talin head domain, and a series of helical bundles known as the rod domain. The talin head domain consists of four distinct lobes designated as F0-F3. Integrin binding and activation are mediated through the F3 region, a critically regulated domain in talin. Regulation of the F3 lobe is accomplished through autoinhibition via anti-parallel dimerization. In the anti-parallel dimerization model, the rod domain region of one talin molecule binds to the F3 lobe on an adjacent talin molecule, thus achieving the state of autoinhibition. Platelet functionality requires integrin activation for adherence and thrombus formation, and thus regulation of talin presents a critical node where pharmacological intervention is possible. A major mechanism of integrin activation in platelets is through heterotrimeric G protein signaling regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we provide evidence that switch region 2 (SR2) of the ubiquitously expressed G protein (Gα13) directly interacts with talin, relieves its state of autoinhibition, and triggers integrin activation. Biochemical analysis of Gα13 shows SR2 binds directly to the F3 lobe of talin's head domain and competes with the rod domain for binding. Intramolecular FRET analysis shows Gα13 can relieve autoinhibition in a cellular milieu. Finally, a myristoylated SR2 peptide shows demonstrable decrease in thrombosis in vivo Altogether, we present a mechanistic basis for the regulation of talin through Gα13.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Schiemer
- From the Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Programs in Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | - Andrew Bohm
- From the Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology
| | - Li Lin
- From the Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology.,Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Glenn Merrill-Skoloff
- the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jin-Sheng Huang
- the Research Resources Center, Protein Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Guy C Le Breton
- the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Athar H Chishti
- From the Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, .,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Programs in Cellular and Molecular Physiology.,Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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15
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Bolbat A, Schultz C. Recent developments of genetically encoded optical sensors for cell biology. Biol Cell 2016; 109:1-23. [PMID: 27628952 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Optical sensors are powerful tools for live cell research as they permit to follow the location, concentration changes or activities of key cellular players such as lipids, ions and enzymes. Most of the current sensor probes are based on fluorescence which provides great spatial and temporal precision provided that high-end microscopy is used and that the timescale of the event of interest fits the response time of the sensor. Many of the sensors developed in the past 20 years are genetically encoded. There is a diversity of designs leading to simple or sometimes complicated applications for the use in live cells. Genetically encoded sensors began to emerge after the discovery of fluorescent proteins, engineering of their improved optical properties and the manipulation of their structure through application of circular permutation. In this review, we will describe a variety of genetically encoded biosensor concepts, including those for intensiometric and ratiometric sensors based on single fluorescent proteins, Forster resonance energy transfer-based sensors, sensors utilising bioluminescence, sensors using self-labelling SNAP- and CLIP-tags, and finally tetracysteine-based sensors. We focus on the newer developments and discuss the current approaches and techniques for design and application. This will demonstrate the power of using optical sensors in cell biology and will help opening the field to more systematic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Bolbat
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
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16
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Abstract
The tetracysteine (tc) tag/biarsenical dye system (FlAsH or ReAsH) promises to combine the flexibility of fluorescent protein tags with the small size of dye labels, allowing in-cell study of target proteins that are perturbed by large protein tags. Quantitative thermodynamic and kinetic studies in-cell using FlAsH and ReAsH have been hampered by methodological complexities presented by the fluorescence properties of the tag-dye complex probed by either Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) or direct excitation. We label the model protein phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) with AcGFP1 and ReAsH for direct comparison with AcGFP1/mCherry-labeled PGK. We find that fast relaxation imaging (FReI), combining millisecond temperature jump kinetics with fluorescence microscopy detection, circumvents many of the difficulties encountered working with the ReAsH system, allowing us to obtain quantitative FRET measurements of protein stability and kinetics both in vitro and in cells. We also demonstrate the to us surprising result that fluorescence from directly excited, unburied ReAsH at the C-terminus of the model protein also reports on folding in vitro and in cells. Comparing the ReAsH-labeled protein to a construct labeled with two fluorescent protein tags allows us to evaluate how a bulkier protein tag affects protein dynamics in cells and in vitro. We find that the average folding rate in the cell is closer to the in vitro rate with the smaller tag, highlighting the effect of tags on quantitative in-cell measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gelman
- Department of Physics, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Anna Jean Wirth
- Department of Physics, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Department of Physics, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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17
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Perdios L, Bunney TD, Warren SC, Dunsby C, French PMW, Tate EW, Katan M. Time-resolved FRET reports FGFR1 dimerization and formation of a complex with its effector PLCγ1. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 60:6-13. [PMID: 26482290 PMCID: PMC4739061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo imaging of protein tyrosine kinase activity requires minimally invasive, molecularly precise optical probes to provide spatiotemporal mechanistic information of dimerization and complex formation with downstream effectors. We present here a construct with genetically encoded, site-specifically incorporated, bioorthogonal reporter that can be selectively labelled with exogenous fluorogenic probes to monitor the structure and function of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC contains a coumermycin-induced artificial dimerizer (GyrB), FGFR1 kinase domain (KD) and a tetracysteine (TC) motif that enables fluorescent labelling with biarsenical dyes FlAsH-EDT2 and ReAsH-EDT2. We generated bimolecular system for time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) studies, which pairs FlAsH-tagged GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC and N-terminal Src homology 2 (nSH2) domain of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), a downstream effector of FGFR1, fused to mTurquoise fluorescent protein (mTFP). We demonstrated phosphorylation-dependent TR-FRET readout of complex formation between mTFP.nSH2 and GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC. By further application of TR-FRET, we also demonstrated formation of the GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC homodimer by coumermycin-induced dimerization. Herein, we present a spectroscopic FRET approach to facilitate and propagate studies that would provide structural and functional insights for FGFR and other tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Perdios
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sean C Warren
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christopher Dunsby
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul M W French
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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18
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Pomorski A, Adamczyk J, Bishop AC, Krężel A. Probing the target-specific inhibition of sensitized protein tyrosine phosphatases with biarsenical probes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1395-403. [PMID: 25460004 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selective control of enzyme activity is critical for elucidating the roles of specific proteins in signaling pathways. One potential means for developing truly target-specific inhibitors involves the use of protein engineering to sensitize a target enzyme to inhibition by a small molecule that does not inhibit homologous wild-type enzymes. Previously, it has been shown that protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) can be sensitized to inhibition by a biarsenical probe, FlAsH-EDT2, which inhibits PTP activity by specifically binding to cysteine residues that have been introduced into catalytically important regions. In the present study, we developed an array of biarsenical probes, some newly synthesized and some previously reported, to investigate for the first time the structure-activity relationships for PTP inhibition by biarsenicals. Our data show that biarsenical probes which contain substitutions at the 2' and 7' positions are more effective than FlAsH-EDT2 at inhibiting sensitized PTPs. The increased potency of 2',7'-substituted probes was observed when PTPs were assayed with both para-nitrophenylphosphate and phosphopeptide PTP substrates and at multiple probe concentrations. The data further indicate that the enhanced inhibitory properties are the result of increased binding affinity between the 2',7'-substituted biarsenical probes and sensitized PTPs. In addition we provide previously unknown physicochemical and stability data for various biarsenical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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19
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Nillegoda NB, Kirstein J, Szlachcic A, Berynskyy M, Stank A, Stengel F, Arnsburg K, Gao X, Scior A, Aebersold R, Guilbride DL, Wade RC, Morimoto RI, Mayer MP, Bukau B. Crucial HSP70 co-chaperone complex unlocks metazoan protein disaggregation. Nature 2015; 524:247-51. [PMID: 26245380 PMCID: PMC4830470 DOI: 10.1038/nature14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregates are the hallmark of stressed and ageing cells, and characterize several pathophysiological states. Healthy metazoan cells effectively eliminate intracellular protein aggregates, indicating that efficient disaggregation and/or degradation mechanisms exist. However, metazoans lack the key heat-shock protein disaggregase HSP100 of non-metazoan HSP70-dependent protein disaggregation systems, and the human HSP70 system alone, even with the crucial HSP110 nucleotide exchange factor, has poor disaggregation activity in vitro. This unresolved conundrum is central to protein quality control biology. Here we show that synergic cooperation between complexed J-protein co-chaperones of classes A and B unleashes highly efficient protein disaggregation activity in human and nematode HSP70 systems. Metazoan mixed-class J-protein complexes are transient, involve complementary charged regions conserved in the J-domains and carboxy-terminal domains of each J-protein class, and are flexible with respect to subunit composition. Complex formation allows J-proteins to initiate transient higher order chaperone structures involving HSP70 and interacting nucleotide exchange factors. A network of cooperative class A and B J-protein interactions therefore provides the metazoan HSP70 machinery with powerful, flexible, and finely regulatable disaggregase activity and a further level of regulation crucial for cellular protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janine Kirstein
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Szlachcic
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mykhaylo Berynskyy
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Stank
- 1] Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Heidelberg Graduate School of Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Stengel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Arnsburg
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xuechao Gao
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Scior
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- 1] Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland [2] Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Lys Guilbride
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- 1] Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany [3] Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Chang J, Song X, Huang W, Zhu D, Wang M. A direct catalytic ring expansion approach to o-fluoronaphthols and o/p-fluorophenols from indanones and 2-cyclopentenones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15362-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic ring expansion of indanones to o-fluoronaphthols is described by taking advantage of the multi-reactivities of TMSCF2Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Wanqiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Mang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
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21
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Fujii T, Shindo Y, Hotta K, Citterio D, Nishiyama S, Suzuki K, Oka K. Design and Synthesis of a FlAsH-Type Mg2+ Fluorescent Probe for Specific Protein Labeling. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2374-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410031n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fujii
- Graduate
School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hong, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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22
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Liang X, Drueckhammer DG. Arsinous acid as a thiol binding group: potential cysteine peptide tagging functionality that binds a single thiol. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01462b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple aryl arsinous acid (ArAs(CH3)OH) was prepared byorthomercuration ofp-cresol followed by Pd-catalyzed reaction with methylarsenic dibromide, purification as the mercaptoethanol adduct, and deprotection using a silver salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook, USA
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23
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Tõntson L, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A. Biarsenical ligands bind to endogenous G-protein α-subunits and enable allosteric sensing of nucleotide binding. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 14:37. [PMID: 24344803 PMCID: PMC3878488 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotrimeric G-proteins relay extracellular signals to intracellular effector proteins. Multiple methods have been developed to monitor their activity; including labeled nucleotides and biosensors based on genetically engineered G-proteins. Here we describe a method for monitoring unlabeled nucleotide binding to endogenous G-proteins α-subunits in a homogeneous assay based on the interaction of 4',5'-bis(1,2,3-dithioarsolan-2-yl)-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (F2FlAsH) with G-protein α-subunits. RESULTS The biarsenic fluorescent ligand F2FlAsH binds to various wild-type G-protein α-subunits (αi1, αi2, αi3, αslong, αsshort, αolf, αq, α13) via high affinity As-cysteine interactions. This allosteric label enables real time monitoring of the nucleotide bound states of α-subunits via changes in fluorescence anisotropy and intensity of their F2FlAsH-complexes. We have found that different α-subunits displayed different signal amplitudes when interacting with F2FlAsH, being more sensitive to nucleotide binding to αi, αs, αolf and αq than to α13. Addition of nucleotides to F2FlAsH-labeled α-subunits caused concentration-dependent effects on their fluorescence anisotropy. pEC50 values of studied nucleotides depended on the subtype of the α-subunit and were from 5.7 to 8.2 for GTPγS, from 5.4 to 8.1 for GppNHp and from 4.8 to 8.2 for GDP and lastly up to 5.9 for GMP. While GDP and GMP increased the fluorescence anisotropy of F2FlAsH complexes with αi-subunits, they had the opposite effect on the other αβγM complexes studied. CONCLUSIONS Biarsenical ligands interact allosterically with endogenous G-protein α-subunits in a nucleotide-sensitive manner, so the presence or absence of guanine nucleotides has an effect on the fluorescence anisotropy, intensity and lifetime of F2FlAsH-G-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tõntson
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergei Kopanchuk
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine & Biology, Tiigi 61b, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ago Rinken
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine & Biology, Tiigi 61b, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
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24
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Tõntson L, Babina A, Võsumaa T, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A. Characterization of heterotrimeric nucleotide-depleted Gα(i)-proteins by Bodipy-FL-GTPγS fluorescence anisotropy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 524:93-8. [PMID: 22659491 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant heterotrimeric G-protein α(i1), α(i2) and α(i3) subunits were purified in GDP-depleting conditions by affinity chromatography using StrepII-tagged β₁γ₂ subunits. Real-time monitoring of fluorescence anisotropy of Bodipy-FL-GTPγS was used for characterization of nucleotide binding properties and inactivation of the purified proteins. All GDP-depleted α(i) were unstable at room temperature and therefore nucleotide binding could be characterized only in a nonequilibrium state. In comparison to Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺ inhibited nucleotide binding to all α(i)-heterotrimers studied and accelerated nucleotide release. Mn²⁺ had stabilizing effect on the nucleotide free state of the α(i1) subunit, whereas both Mn²⁺ as well as G-protein activation by mastoparan destabilized the α(i2) subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tõntson
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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25
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Roberti MJ, Fölling J, Celej MS, Bossi M, Jovin TM, Jares-Erijman EA. Imaging nanometer-sized α-synuclein aggregates by superresolution fluorescence localization microscopy. Biophys J 2012; 102:1598-607. [PMID: 22500760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphological features of α-synuclein (AS) amyloid aggregation in vitro and in cells were elucidated at the nanoscale by far-field subdiffraction fluorescence localization microscopy. Labeling AS with rhodamine spiroamide probes allowed us to image AS fibrillar structures by fluorescence stochastic nanoscopy with an enhanced resolution at least 10-fold higher than that achieved with conventional, diffraction-limited techniques. The implementation of dual-color detection, combined with atomic force microscopy, revealed the propagation of individual fibrils in vitro. In cells, labeled protein appeared as amyloid aggregates of spheroidal morphology and subdiffraction sizes compatible with in vitro supramolecular intermediates perceived independently by atomic force microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. We estimated the number of monomeric protein units present in these minute structures. This approach is ideally suited for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation both in vitro and in the cellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Julia Roberti
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Santoro G, Blacque O, Zobi F. Post-protein binding metal-mediated coupling of an acridine orange-based fluorophore. Metallomics 2012; 4:253-9. [PMID: 22310805 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00175f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The HEW lysozyme (Lys) and the fac-[Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)](+) complex (1) are used as a simple model system for the description of a new approach to the labelling polypeptides with fluorescent tags. The strategy takes advantage of the reaction of an acridine orange-based fluorophore (AO) with the non-native metal fragment 1 hybridized on the enzyme. A synthetic methodology for the quantitative metallation of the protein is first described and it is then shown that the exogenous metal complex can be exploited for the coupling of the fluorescent probe. All Lys-derived species were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. It is shown that the approach does not significantly alter the activity of the final fluorescent metallo-protein conjugate (Lys2). The accumulation of Lys2 on Micrococcus lysodeikticus bacteria was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Santoro
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Scheck RA, Schepartz A. Surveying protein structure and function using bis-arsenical small molecules. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:654-65. [PMID: 21766813 DOI: 10.1021/ar2001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exploration across the fields of biology, chemical biology, and medicine has led to an increasingly complex, albeit incomplete, view of the interactions that drive life's processes. The ability to monitor and track the movement, activity, and interactions of biomolecules in living cells is an essential part of this investigation. In our laboratory, we have endeavored to develop tools that are capable not only of monitoring protein localization but also reporting on protein structure and function. Central to our efforts is a new strategy, bipartite tetracysteine display, that relies on the specific and high-affinity interaction between a fluorogenic, bis-arsenical small molecule and a unique protein sequence, conformation, or assembly. In 1998, a small-molecule analogue of fluorescein with two arsenic atoms, FlAsH, was shown by Tsien and coworkers to fluoresce upon binding to a linear amino acid sequence, Cys-Cys-Arg-Glu-Cys-Cys. Later work demonstrated that substituting Pro-Gly for Arg-Glu optimized both binding and fluorescence yield. Our strategy of bipartite tetracysteine display emanated from the idea that it would be possible to replace the intervening Pro-Gly dipeptide in this sequence with a protein or protein partnership, provided the assembled protein fold successfully reproduced the approximate placement of the two Cys-Cys pairs. In this Account, we describe our recent progress in this area, with an emphasis on the fundamental concepts that underlie the successful use of bis-arsenicals such as FlAsH and the related ReAsH for bipartite display experiments. In particular, we highlight studies that have explored how broadly bipartite tetracysteine display can be employed and that have navigated the conformational boundary conditions favoring success. To emphasize the utility of these principles, we outline two recently reported applications of bipartite tetracysteine display. The first is a novel, encodable, selective, Src kinase sensor that lacks fluorescent proteins but possesses a fluorescent readout exceeding that of most sensors based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The second is a unique method, called complex-edited electron microscopy (CE-EM), that facilitates visualization of protein-protein complexes with electron microscopy. Exciting as these applications may be, the continued development of small-molecule tools with improved utility in living cells, let alone in vivo, will demand a more nuanced understanding of the fundamental photophysics that lead to fluorogenicity, as well as creative approaches toward the synthesis and identification of new and orthogonal dye-tag pairs that can be applied facilely in tandem. We describe one example of a dye-sequence tag pair that is chemically distinct from bis-arsenical chemistry. Through further effort, we expect that that bipartite tetracysteine display will find successful use in the study of sophisticated biological questions that are essential to the fields of biochemistry and biology as well as to our progressive understanding of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Scheck
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Lei J, Wang L, Zhang J. Superbright multifluorescent core-shell mesoporous nanospheres as trackable transport carrier for drug. ACS NANO 2011; 5:3447-3455. [PMID: 21446756 DOI: 10.1021/nn103254g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel kind of monodisperse core-shell silica nanosphere composed of a fluorescent solid core and a mesoporous shell has been successfully fabricated. These nanospheres exhibit multifluorescent signals under a single-wavelength excitation as a result of the solid silica core that is doped with three kinds of dyes and that can produce effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The fluorescent signal of a single nanosphere is about 700 times brighter than its constituent fluorophores. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms reveal that these nanospheres possess abundant mesopores in the shell. Combining the advantages of extremely bright multifluorescent signals excited with a single wavelength and an abundant mesoporous system, this core-shell silica nanosphere is designed for the simultaneous monitoring of fluorescence of in vivo multiple-target drug transport. Experiments on drug loading and release in addition to studies on cell uptake reveal that these nanospheres not only show good drug storage and sustained release capacity but also demonstrate biocompatibility and mutlifluorescent labeling capacity for biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juying Lei
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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30
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Wu L, Huang T, Yang L, Pan J, Zhu S, Yan X. Sensitive and Selective Bacterial Detection Using Tetracysteine-Tagged Phages in Conjunction with Biarsenical Dye. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5873-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Wu L, Huang T, Yang L, Pan J, Zhu S, Yan X. Sensitive and Selective Bacterial Detection Using Tetracysteine-Tagged Phages in Conjunction with Biarsenical Dye. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Pomorski A, Krężel A. Exploration of biarsenical chemistry--challenges in protein research. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1152-67. [PMID: 21538762 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent modification of proteins (with genetically encoded low-molecular-mass fluorophores, affinity probes, or other chemically active species) is extraordinarily useful for monitoring and controlling protein functions in vitro, as well as in cell cultures and tissues. The large sizes of some fluorescent tags, such as fluorescent proteins, often perturb normal activity and localization of the protein of interest, as well as other effects. Of the many fluorescent-labeling strategies applied to in vitro and in vivo studies, one is very promising. This requires a very short (6- to 12-residue), appropriately spaced, tetracysteine sequence (-CCXXCC-); this is either placed at a protein terminus, within flexible loops, or incorporated into secondary structure elements. Proteins that contain the tetracysteine motif become highly fluorescent upon labeling with a nonluminescent biarsenical probe, and form very stable covalent complexes. We focus on the development, growth, and multiple applications of this protein research methodology, both in vitro and in vivo. Its application is not limited to intact-cell protein visualization; it has tremendous potential in other protein research disciplines, such as protein purification and activity control, electron microscopy imaging of cells or tissue, protein-protein interaction studies, protein stability, and aggregation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Lee JJ, Lee SC, Zhai D, Ahn YH, Yeo HY, Tan YL, Chang YT. Bodipy-diacrylate imaging probes for targeted proteins inside live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4508-10. [PMID: 21387059 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10362h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
A bodipy probe was developed for site-specific labeling of tagged proteins inside live cells which displays a large spectral change upon covalent coupling to the designed peptide that contains two pairs of Arg-Cys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jung Lee
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138667, Singapore
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Ying LQ, Branchaud BP. Purification of Tetracysteine-Tagged Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Using a Non-Fluorescent, Photochemically Stable Bisarsenical Affinity Ligand. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:987-92. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200038t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Qiang Ying
- Life Technologies, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, Oregon 97402, United States
| | - Bruce P. Branchaud
- Life Technologies, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, Oregon 97402, United States
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Rotational diffusion of the α(2a) adrenergic receptor revealed by FlAsH labeling in living cells. Biophys J 2011; 100:1139-48. [PMID: 21320460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorescein arsenical hairpin binder (FlAsH) shows much promise to determine the relative orientations of protein regions and structures even in living cells and in the plasma membrane. In this study, we characterized FlAsH's photophysical properties by steady-state anisotropy and time-resolved single photon counting for further applications with G-protein coupled receptors. We find that FlAsH has a relatively high initial anisotropy of 0.31 ± 0.01 and a three-component fluorescence lifetime with an average of 4.1 ± 0.1 ns. We characterized the FlAsH fluorophore orientation in the α(2A) adrenergic receptor revealing rigid orientations of FlAsH in the membrane plane for rotational correlation times of ∼50 ns in living cells. To elucidate the fluorophore-membrane orientation and rotational correlation time, an anisotropy treatment similar to that of another researcher (Axelrod, D. 1979. Biophys. J. 26:557-573) was developed. The rotational correlation times were observed to increase by up to 16 ns after agonist addition. The rotational correlation time also allowed for a comparison to the theoretical relationship between translational and rotational diffusion (originally proposed by Saffman, P. G., and M. Delbrück. 1975. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 72:3111-3113) and revealed a discrepancy of a factor between 10 and 100.
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Habets RLP, Verstreken P. FlAsH-FALI inactivation of a protein at the third-instar neuromuscular junction. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2011; 2011:pdb.prot5597. [PMID: 21460046 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONFluorescein-assisted light inactivation (FALI) is a powerful method for studying acute loss of protein function, even if the corresponding mutations lead to early lethality. In this protocol, FALI is mediated by the membrane-permeable FlAsH (4′,5′-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein) compound that binds with high specificity to the genetically encoded tetracysteine tag and thus allows the inactivation of protein function in vivo with exquisite spatial (<40 Å) and temporal (<30 sec) resolution. It also enables the analysis of kinetically distinct processes such as synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis. This protocol describes efficient inactivation of a protein using FlAsH-FALI at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of third-instar larvae. Note that FlAsH-FALI in other tissues is also theoretically possible with minor adaptations to the protocol described here. We explain controls for positional effects, for unspecific FlAsH binding to endogenous proteins, and for phototoxicity. Following FlAsH-FALI, protein function can be studied using a number of secondary assays, including electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy or FM1-43 labeling of synaptic vesicle pools.
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Wurm CA, Suppanz IE, Stoldt S, Jakobs S. Rapid FlAsH labelling in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Microsc 2011; 240:6-13. [PMID: 21050208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Live cell imaging of protein distributions is an essential tool in modern cell biology. It relies on the functional labelling of a host protein with a fluorophore, which may either be a genetically fused fluorescent protein or an organic dye binding to the host protein. The biarsenical-tetracysteine system or 'FlAsH-labelling', is based on the high affinity interaction between a biarsenical probe and a small protein tag. This approach has been successfully used for live cell imaging in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the established labelling protocols require a lengthy overnight incubation of the cells with the dye under tightly controlled growth conditions, which severely limits the use of this approach. In this study, we characterize an efficient method for introducing FlAsH-EDT(2) into live budding yeast cells using standard electroporation. The labelling time is reduced from more than 12 h to less than 1 h without compromising the labelling efficiency or cell viability. This approach may be used for cells in different growth phases or grown under different conditions. It may be further extended to other small high affinity probes, thus opening up new possibilities for labelling in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Wurm
- Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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Spagnuolo C, Joselevich M, Leskow FC, Jares-Erijman EA. Tetracysteine and Bipartite Tags for Biarsenical Organic Fluorophores. ADVANCED FLUORESCENCE REPORTERS IN CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY III 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18035-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
In this paper, we provide a general protocol for labeling proteins with the membrane-permeant fluorogenic biarsenical dye fluorescein arsenical hairpin binder-ethanedithiol (FlAsH-EDT₂). Generation of the tetracysteine-tagged protein construct by itself is not described, as this is a protein-specific process. This method allows site-selective labeling of proteins in living cells and has been applied to a wide variety of proteins and biological problems. We provide here a generally applicable labeling procedure and discuss the problems that can occur as well as general considerations that must be taken into account when designing and implementing the procedure. The method can even be applied to proteins with expression below 1 pmol mg⁻¹ of protein, such as G protein-coupled receptors, and it can be used to study the intracellular localization of proteins as well as functional interactions in fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments. The labeling procedure using FlAsH-EDT₂ as described takes 2-3 h, depending on the number of samples to be processed.
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Chang WH, Liu Y. Bio-Orthogonal Protein Labeling Methods for Single Molecule FRET. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Heller E, Klöckner J, Lautenschläger W, Holzgrabe U. Online Monitoring of Microwave-Enhanced Reactions by UV/Vis Spectroscopy. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pomorski A, Otlewski J, Krężel A. The High ZnII Affinity of the Tetracysteine Tag Affects Its Fluorescent Labeling with Biarsenicals. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1214-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zürn A, Klenk C, Zabel U, Reiner S, Lohse MJ, Hoffmann C. Site-Specific, Orthogonal Labeling of Proteins in Intact Cells with Two Small Biarsenical Fluorophores. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:853-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zürn
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klenk
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zabel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Reiner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Shank NI, Zanotti KJ, Lanni F, Berget PB, Armitage BA. Enhanced photostability of genetically encodable fluoromodules based on fluorogenic cyanine dyes and a promiscuous protein partner. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:12960-9. [PMID: 19737016 DOI: 10.1021/ja9016864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluoromodules are discrete complexes of biomolecules and fluorogenic dyes. Binding of the dyes to their cognate biomolecule partners results in enhanced dye fluorescence. We exploited a previously reported promiscuous binding interaction between a single-chain, variable fragment antibody protein and a family of cyanine dyes to create new protein-dye fluoromodules that exhibit enhanced photostability while retaining high affinity protein-dye binding. Modifications to the dye structure included electron-withdrawing groups that provide resistance to photo-oxidative damage. Low nanomolar equilibrium dissociation constants were found for the new dyes. Fluorescence microscopy illustrates how yeast can be surface-labeled with three different colors based on a single protein and appropriately chosen dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel I Shank
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Studying the dynamics of flagella in multicellular communities of Escherichia coli by using biarsenical dyes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:1241-50. [PMID: 20023074 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02153-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a new approach for labeling intact flagella using the biarsenical dyes FlAsH and ReAsH and imaging their spatial and temporal dynamics on live Escherichia coli cells in swarming communities of bacteria by using epifluorescence microscopy. Using this approach, we observed that (i) bundles of flagella on swarmer cells remain cohesive during frequent collisions with neighboring cells, (ii) flagella on nonmotile swarmer cells at the leading edge of the colony protrude in the direction of the uncolonized agar surface and are actively rotated in a thin layer of fluid that extends outward from the colony, and (iii) flagella form transient interactions with the flagella of other swarmer cells that are in close proximity. This approach opens a window for observing the dynamics of cells in communities that are relevant to ecology, industry, and biomedicine.
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Haas KL, Franz KJ. Application of metal coordination chemistry to explore and manipulate cell biology. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4921-60. [PMID: 19715312 PMCID: PMC2761982 DOI: 10.1021/cr900134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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Yan P, Wang T, Newton GJ, Knyushko TV, Xiong Y, Bigelow DJ, Squier TC, Mayer MU. A targeted releasable affinity probe (TRAP) for in vivo photocrosslinking. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1507-18. [PMID: 19441027 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein crosslinking, especially coupled to mass-spectrometric identification, is increasingly used to determine protein binding partners and protein-protein interfaces for isolated protein complexes. The modification of crosslinkers to permit their targeted use in living cells is of considerable importance for studying protein-interaction networks, which are commonly modulated through weak interactions that are formed transiently to permit rapid cellular response to environmental changes. We have therefore synthesized a targeted and releasable affinity probe (TRAP) consisting of a biarsenical fluorescein linked to benzophenone that binds to a tetracysteine sequence in a protein engineered for specific labeling. Here, the utility of TRAP for capturing protein binding partners upon photoactivation of the benzophenone moiety has been demonstrated in living bacteria and mammalian cells. In addition, ligand exchange of the arsenic-sulfur bonds between TRAP and the tetracysteine sequence to added dithiols results in fluorophore transfer to the crosslinked binding partner. In isolated protein complexes, this release from the original binding site permits the identification of the proximal binding interface through mass spectrometric fragmentation and computational sequence identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yan
- Novozymes, Inc., 1445 Drew Ave, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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Spagnuolo CC, Massad W, Miskoski S, Menendez GO, García NA, Jares-Erijman EA. Photostability and spectral properties of fluorinated fluoresceins and their biarsenical derivatives: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1082-8. [PMID: 19500295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New fluorinated biarsenical derivatives with improved optical properties based on highly photostable analogs of fluorescein were recently introduced. The photophysical parameters of the triplet excited states as well as photosensitized oxidation reactions of these dyes were determined in order to investigate the influence of molecular structure on the exceptional photostability of these fluorophores. The lack of correspondence between triplet quantum yields and lifetimes with the photobleaching rates of some of the fluorophores of the series suggests that differential reactivities of the excited states with ground state oxygen accounts for the different photodegradation resistances. The UV-visible absorption and emission spectra of the fluorinated fluoresceins and their biarsenical derivatives were evaluated using a TD-DFT/BP86/6-31G** approach, taking bulk solvent effects into account by means of the polarizable continuum model. The calculated properties are in good agreement with experimental data. The S0-->S1 vertical excitation energies in the gas phase and in water were obtained with the optimized geometries of the excited states. This type of calculation could be used in the rational design of new dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C Spagnuolo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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