1
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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2
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Ghinato S, De Nardi F, Bolzoni P, Antenucci A, Blangetti M, Prandi C. Chemo‐ and Regioselective Anionic Fries Rearrangement Promoted by Lithium Amides under Aerobic Conditions in Sustainable Reaction Media. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201154. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ghinato
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Federica De Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Paola Bolzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Achille Antenucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
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3
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Neil B, Lucien F, Fensterbank L, Chauvier C. Transition-Metal-Free Silylation of Unactivated C(sp 2)–H Bonds with tert-Butyl-Substituted Silyldiazenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Neil
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
| | - Franck Lucien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
| | - Clément Chauvier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
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4
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Ma Y, Woltornist RA, Algera RF, Collum DB. Reactions of Sodium Diisopropylamide: Liquid-Phase and Solid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysis by N, N, N', N″, N″-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13370-13381. [PMID: 34375095 PMCID: PMC10042303 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA) in N,N-dimethylethylamine (DMEA) and DMEA-hydrocarbon mixtures with added N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) reacts with alkyl halides, epoxides, hydrazones, arenes, alkenes, and allyl ethers. Comparisons of PMDTA with N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) accompanied by detailed rate and computational studies reveal the importance of the trifunctionality and κ2-κ3 hemilability. Rate studies show exclusively monomer-based reactions of 2-bromooctane, cyclooctene oxide, and dimethylresorcinol. Catalysis with 10 mol % PMDTA shows up to >30-fold accelerations (kcat > 300) with no evidence of inhibition over 10 turnovers. Solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysis (SLPTC) is explored as a means to optimize the catalysis as well as explore the merits of heterogeneous reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Ryan A. Woltornist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
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5
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Söğütlü I, Mahmood EA, Ahmadizadeh Shendy S, Ebrahimiasl S, Vessally E. Recent progress in application of nanocatalysts for carbonylative Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2112-2125. [PMID: 35424173 PMCID: PMC8693787 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, cross-coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO), also called carbonylative Suzuki coupling, to form two new carbon-carbon bonds in the production of synthetically and biologically important biaryl ketones, has been widely studied. Consequently, various catalytic systems have been extensively investigated in order to maximize the efficiency of this appealing area of biaryl ketone synthesis. As evidenced in the literature, nanometal-based systems are among the most powerful catalysts for this transformation as their large surface area to volume ratio and reactive morphologies allow faster reaction rates under milder CO pressure even at very low catalyst loadings. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances and achievements in the application of nano-sized metal catalysts for carbonylative Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, which may serve as an inspiration to researchers in their future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci Söğütlü
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Ankara Turkey
| | - Evan Abdulkarim Mahmood
- College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development Sulaimaniyah Kurdistan region of Iraq Iraq
| | | | - Saeideh Ebrahimiasl
- Department of Chemistry, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University Ahar Iran
- Industrial Nanotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran
| | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University P.O. Box 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
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6
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Pullella GA, Vuong D, Lacey E, Piggott MJ. Total Synthesis of the Antitumor-Antitubercular 2,6'-Bijuglone Natural Product Diospyrin and Its 3,6'-Isomer. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3623-3634. [PMID: 33314932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2,6'-bijuglone natural product diospyrin and its unnatural 3,6'-isomer idospyrin have been synthesized in seven steps each from N,N-diethylsenecioamide in overall yields of 12% and 13%, respectively. The syntheses diverge from ramentaceone (7-methyljuglone) and include a key Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Diospyrin, idospyrin, and several synthetic precursors exhibit potent and selective cytotoxicity to the murine myeloma NS-1 cell line over neonatal foreskin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Pullella
- Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Matthew J Piggott
- Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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7
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Feberero C, Sedano C, Suárez-Pantiga S, López CS, Sanz R. Experimental and Computational Study of the 1,5-O → N Carbamoyl Snieckus-Fries-Type Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12561-12578. [PMID: 32897069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of o-lithiated O-aryl N,N-diethylcarbamates with different C-N multiple bond electrophiles have been thoroughly studied. A 1,5-O → N carbamoyl shift, a new variation of the anionic Fries-type rearrangement, takes place when nitriles, imines, or alkylcarbodiimides are employed. In these cases, the carbamoyl group plays a dual role as a directing group, building up a variety of functional groups through the 1,5-O → N carbamoyl migration. On the other hand, the use of iso(thio)cyanates and arylcarbodiimides led to non-rearranged o-functionalized O-arylcarbamates. This reactivity was further computationally explored, and the governing factor could be traced back to the relative basicity of the alternative products (migrated vs nonmigrated substrates). This exploration also provided interesting insights about the degree of complexation of the lithium cations onto these substrates. A new access to useful 2-hydroxybenzophenone derivatives has also been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feberero
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Sedano
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica and CITACA (Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Inoue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kobe University Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kobe University Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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9
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Ma Y, Woltornist RA, Algera RF, Collum DB. Aryl Carbamates: Mechanisms of Orthosodiations and Snieckus-Fries Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9051-9057. [PMID: 31257864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aryl carbamates are orthometalated by sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA) in tetrahydrofuran. The resulting arylsodiums undergo Snieckus-Fries rearrangement to give orthoacylated phenols in good yield. The intermediate arylsodiums and resulting orthoacylated phenolates are suggested to be monomeric. The rate-limiting step in the two-step sequence depends on the steric demands of the carbamoyl moiety and the substituents in the meta position of the arene. Rate studies reveal a dominant disolvated-monomer-based orthometalation followed by a di- or trisolvated arylsodium monomer-based rearrangement. Kinetic evidence of a NaDA-catalyzed Snieckus-Fries rearrangement suggests the intermediacy of mixed trimers. Competitive halide eliminations to form benzyne are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - Ryan A Woltornist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - Russell F Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
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10
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Ermolovich Y, Barysevich MV, Adamson J, Rogova O, Kaabel S, Järving I, Gathergood N, Snieckus V, Kananovich DG. Site-Selective and Stereoselective C-H Functionalization of N-Cyclopropylamides via a Directed Remote Metalation Strategy. Org Lett 2019; 21:969-973. [PMID: 30715898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for site-selective and stereoselective C-H functionalization of aminocyclopropanes via directed remote lithiation has been developed. Treatment of N-directing group (DG = pivaloyl, tetramethylsuccinimidoyl) arylcyclopropanes with t-BuLi results in a clean β-lithiation and, following quench with electrophiles, leads to a range of cyclopropane derivatives. Sequential double lithiation-methylation to give a dimethylated cyclopropane has been achieved. X-ray, NMR, and computational studies allow rationalization of syn-DG β-deprotonation selectivity via a DG-lithium base coordinated complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ermolovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn 12618 , Estonia.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Maryia V Barysevich
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn 12618 , Estonia.,Laboratory of Steroids, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Minsk 220141 , Belarus
| | - Jasper Adamson
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn 12618 , Estonia
| | - Oksana Rogova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn 12618 , Estonia
| | - Ivar Järving
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn 12618 , Estonia
| | - Nicholas Gathergood
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn 12618 , Estonia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , Kingston , ON K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Dzmitry G Kananovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn 12618 , Estonia
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11
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Shao Y, Huang X, Zhao C, Ke Z. Making more efficient lithium carbenoid reagents for cyclopropanation by hetero-aggregation: A DFT prediction on a new factor to control the SN2-Type organometallic reaction. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Feberero C, Suárez-Pantiga S, Cabello Z, Sanz R. 1,5-O → N Carbamoyl Snieckus-Fries-Type Rearrangement. Org Lett 2018; 20:2437-2440. [PMID: 29617146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of o-lithiated O-aryl N,N-diethylcarbamates with (hetero)aromatic nitriles gives rise to functionalized salicylidene urea derivatives in high yields through a new 1,5-O → N carbamoyl migration. This Snieckus-Fries-type rearrangement nicely complements previously known O → C and O → O related shifts. In addition, when dimethylmalononitrile is used as the electrophilic partner, the carbamoyl shift is preferred over the expected transnitrilation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feberero
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - Zaida Cabello
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n , 09001 Burgos , Spain
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13
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Miah MAJ, Sibi MP, Chattopadhyay S, Familoni OB, Snieckus V. Directed ortho
-Metalation of O
-Aryl N
,N
-Dialkylcarbamates: Methodology, Anionic ortho
-Fries Rearrangement, and Lateral Metalation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department of Chemistry; Rajshahi University; 6205 Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry; North Dakota State University; 5516 Fargo ND 58105- USA
| | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry; Jadavpur University; 700032 Kolkata India
| | | | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of Chemistry; Queen's University; K7L 3N6 Kingston ON Canada
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14
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Synthesis and structural characterization of Pd(II) thiosemicarbazonato complex: Catalytic evaluation in synthesis of diaryl ketones from aryl aldehydes and arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Reyes-Rodríguez GJ, Algera RF, Collum DB. Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide-Mediated Enolization of Acylated Oxazolidinones: Solvent, Cosolvent, and Isotope Effects on Competing Monomer- and Dimer-Based Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1233-1244. [PMID: 28080036 PMCID: PMC6059651 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS)-mediated enolization of (+)-4-benzyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinone in THF-hydrocarbon mixtures shows unusual sensitivity to the choice of hydrocarbon cosolvent (hexane versus toluene) and to isotopic labeling. Four mechanisms corresponding to monosolvated monomers, trisolvated dimers, octasolvated monomers, and octasolvated dimers were identified. Even under conditions in which the LiHMDS monomer was the dominant observable form, dimer-based metalation was significant. The mechanism-dependent isotope and cosolvent effects are discussed in the context of ground-state stabilization and transition-state tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J. Reyes-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
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16
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Ma Y, Algera RF, Collum DB. Sodium Diisopropylamide in N,N-Dimethylethylamine: Reactivity, Selectivity, and Synthetic Utility. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11312-11315. [PMID: 27768310 PMCID: PMC5242189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivities and chemoselectivities of sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA) in N,N-dimethylethylamine (DMEA) are compared with those of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Metalations of arenes, epoxides, ketones, hydrazones, dienes, and alkyl and vinyl halides are represented. The positive attributes of NaDA-DMEA include high solubility, stability, resistance to solvent decomposition, and ease of preparation. The high reactivities and chemoselectivities often complement those of LDA-THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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17
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Feberero C, Velasco R, Sanz R. ortho-Lithiation Reactions ofO-(3,n-Dihalophenyl)N,N-Diethylcarbamates: Synthesis of Dihalosalicylamides and 2,3,n-Trihalophenol Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feberero
- Área de Química Orgánica; Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Burgos; Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Rocío Velasco
- Área de Química Orgánica; Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Burgos; Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica; Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Burgos; Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
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18
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Prabhu RN, Babu GN, Pal S. Triphenylphosphinopalladium(II) complexes with ONO-donor ligands: syntheses, structures and catalytic applications in CC cross-coupling reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Narendra Babu
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Samudranil Pal
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad 500046 India
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19
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Liang J, Hoepker AC, Algera RF, Ma Y, Collum DB. Mechanism of Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Ortholithiation of 1,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene under Nonequilibrium Conditions: Condition-Dependent Rate Limitation and Lithium Chloride-Catalyzed Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6292-303. [PMID: 25900574 PMCID: PMC4788392 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lithiation of 1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C occurs under conditions at which the rates of aggregate exchanges are comparable to the rates of metalation. Under such nonequilibrium conditions, a substantial number of barriers compete to be rate limiting, making the reaction sensitive to trace impurities (LiCl), reactant concentrations, and isotopic substitution. Rate studies using the perdeuterated arene reveal odd effects of LiCl, including catalyzed rate acceleration at lower temperature and catalyzed rate inhibition at higher temperatures. The catalytic effects are accompanied by corresponding changes in the rate law. A kinetic model is presented that captures the critical features of the LiCl catalysis, focusing on the influence of LiCl-catalyzed re-aggregation of the fleeting monomer that can reside above, at, or below the equilibrium population without catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Alexander C. Hoepker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
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20
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Rousseau G, Lebeuf R, Schenk K, Castet F, Robert F, Landais Y. Base-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of cyclohexa-2,5-dienes: insights into the mechanism through DFT calculations and application to the total synthesis of epi-elwesine. Chemistry 2014; 20:14771-82. [PMID: 25223607 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The base-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of 1-ethylaminocyclohexa-2,5-dienes is described. The transformation proceeds through isomerization of the cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl fragment into the corresponding conjugated 1,3-diene prior to the hydroamination step. Attaching a chiral glycinol ether auxiliary on the amino group allows the protonation to occur with complete diastereocontrol. The resulting lithium amide then adds onto the 1,3-dienyl moiety, affording the desired fused pyrrolidine ring along with the corresponding lithium allylic anion. Protonation of the latter then proceeds with high regiocontrol to favor the resulting allylic amines. In contrast, when the reaction was performed on primary amines, fused pyrrolidines bearing a homoallylic amino group were obtained. The stereochemical course of the process and determination of the reaction pathways were established based on calculations performed at the DFT level. Finally, application of the methodology to the enantioselective synthesis of (+)-epi-elwesine, a crinane alkaloid, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Rousseau
- ISM, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux and CNRS, 351, Cours de la liberation, 33400 Talence Cedex (France)
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21
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Unsinn A, Wunderlich SH, Jana A, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. A convenient alumination of functionalized aromatics by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3 Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Chemistry 2013; 19:14687-96. [PMID: 24027191 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and efficient alumination of functionalized arenes by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3 Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) has been developed. In particular, halogenated electron-rich aromatics can be smoothly functionalized by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3 Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Compared with previously described alumination methods, this procedure avoids extensive cooling and the need for an excess of base. This in situ procedure has proven to be most practical and allows for regio- and chemoselective metalation of a wide range of aromatics with sensitive functional groups (CONEt2 , CO2 Me, CN, OCONMe2 ) or halogens (F, Cl, Br, I). The resulting aromatic aluminates, which were characterized by using NMR spectroscopy, were subjected to allylations, acylations, and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions after transmetalation to zinc. It was shown that the nature of the Zn salt used for transmetalation is crucial. Thus, compared with ZnCl2 (2 equiv), the use of Zn(OPiv)2 (2 equiv; OPiv=pivalate) allows the subsequent quenching reactions to be performed with only a slight excess of electrophile (1.2 equiv) and provides interesting functionalized aromatics in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Unsinn
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München (Germany), Fax: (+49) 89-2180-77680
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22
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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23
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Reich HJ. Role of Organolithium Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates in Organolithium Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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24
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Gupta L, Hoepker AC, Ma Y, Viciu MS, Faggin MF, Collum DB. Lithium diisopropylamide-mediated ortholithiation of 2-fluoropyridines: rates, mechanisms, and the role of autocatalysis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4214-30. [PMID: 23270408 DOI: 10.1021/jo302408r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)-mediated ortholithiations of 2-fluoropyridine and 2,6-difluoropyridine in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C were studied using a combination of IR and NMR spectroscopic and computational methods. Rate studies show that a substrate-assisted deaggregation of LDA dimer occurs parallel to an unprecedented tetramer-based pathway. Standard and competitive isotope effects confirm post-rate-limiting proton transfer. Autocatalysis stems from ArLi-catalyzed deaggregation of LDA proceeding via 2:2 LDA-ArLi mixed tetramers. A hypersensitivity of the ortholithiation rates to traces of LiCl derives from LiCl-catalyzed LDA dimer-monomer exchange and a subsequent monomer-based ortholithiation. Fleeting 2:2 LDA-LiCl mixed tetramers are suggested to be key intermediates. The mechanisms of both the uncatalyzed and catalyzed deaggregations are discussed. A general mechanistic paradigm is delineated to explain a number of seemingly disparate LDA-mediated reactions, all of which occur in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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26
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Xu XH, Wang X, Liu GK, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Regioselective synthesis of heteroaryl triflones by LDA (lithium diisopropylamide)-mediated anionic thia-Fries rearrangement. Org Lett 2012; 14:2544-7. [PMID: 22540873 DOI: 10.1021/ol300842d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel heteroaryl triflones including oxindole, pyrazolone, pyridine, and quinoline derivatives have been regioselectively synthesized by LDA-mediated thia-Fries rearrangement for the first time. These reactions are also the first examples of the application of anionic thia-Fries rearrangement in heteroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Xu
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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27
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Tilly D, Magolan J, Mortier J. Directed Remote Aromatic Metalations: Mechanisms and Driving Forces. Chemistry 2012; 18:3804-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Hoepker AC, Collum DB. Computational studies of lithium diisopropylamide deaggregation. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7985-93. [PMID: 21888365 DOI: 10.1021/jo2015642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory computations [MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)] on the deaggregation of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) dimer solvated by two tetrahydrofuran ligands to give the corresponding trisolvated monomer show eight structurally distinct minima. The barriers to exchange are comparable to those expected from experimental studies showing rate-limiting deaggregations. The role of conformational isomerism in deaggregation and the extent that deaggregation rates dictate LDA reactivity under synthetically important conditions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Hoepker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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29
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Casey BM, Flowers RA. On the nature of the oxidative heterocoupling of lithium enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11492-5. [PMID: 21721524 DOI: 10.1021/ja205017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of enolates through single-electron oxidation is one of the most direct routes for generating 1,4-dicarbonyls. Recent work on the intermolecular heterocoupling of equimolar amounts of two different enolates through single-electron oxidation has shown that synthetically useful yields beyond those predicted by statistics can be obtained. To determine the underlying basis for the selective formation of heterocoupled products, kinetic, (7)Li NMR, and synthetic studies were performed. The collection of data obtained from these experiments shows that the selective formation of heterocoupled products is a consequence of heteroaggregation of lithium enolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Casey
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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30
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Hoepker AC, Gupta L, Ma Y, Faggin MF, Collum DB. Regioselective lithium diisopropylamide-mediated ortholithiation of 1-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene: role of autocatalysis, lithium chloride catalysis, and reversibility. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7135-51. [PMID: 21500823 PMCID: PMC3102585 DOI: 10.1021/ja200906z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ortholithiation of 1-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C displays characteristics of reactions in which aggregation events are rate limiting. Metalation with lithium-chloride-free LDA involves a rate-limiting deaggregation via dimer-based transition structures. The post-rate-limiting proton transfers are suggested to involve highly solvated triple ions. Autocatalysis by the resulting aryllithiums or catalysis by traces (<100 ppm) of LiCl diverts the reaction through di- and trisolvated monomer-based pathways for metalation at the 2 and 6 positions, respectively. The regiochemistry is dictated by a combination of kinetically controlled metalations overlaid by an equilibration involving diisopropylamine that is shown to occur by the microscopic reverse of the monomer-based metalations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Hoepker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Lekha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Marc F. Faggin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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31
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Kielar K, Demchuk OM, Pietrusiewicz KM. General approach to the synthesis of prochiral atropisomeric biaryls. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 2011:919102. [PMID: 24052833 PMCID: PMC3767330 DOI: 10.5402/2011/919102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
General approach to the synthesis of prochiral precursors of chiral atropisomeric biaryls based on several complementary methods has been developed. Biaryls were obtained in good to excellent yields depending on their structure and selected method of synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate a possibility of utilisation of the obtained compounds possessing 2 or 3 ortho substituents around the aryl-aryl bond in direct and directed arylation reaction leading through transition metal-mediated C–H bond activation to atropisomeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kielar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 33-Gliniana Street, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
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32
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Aguilar D, Fernández I, Cuesta L, Yañez-Rodríguez V, Soler T, Navarro R, Urriolabeitia EP, López Ortiz F. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of N-Benzoyl Iminophosphoranes Ortho Lithiated at the Benzoyl Group. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6452-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101151s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Luciano Cuesta
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor Yañez-Rodríguez
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Tatiana Soler
- Servicios Técnicos de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Fase II, 03690, San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Navarro
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
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33
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Viciu MS, Gupta L, Collum DB. Mechanism of lithium diisopropylamide-mediated substitution of 2,6-difluoropyridine. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6361-5. [PMID: 20397635 PMCID: PMC2872121 DOI: 10.1021/ja910834b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 2,6-difluoropyridine with lithium diisopropylamide in THF solution at -78 degrees C effects ortholithiation quantitatively. Warming the solution to 0 degrees C converts the aryllithium to 2-fluoro-6-(diisopropylamino)pyridine. Rate studies reveal evidence of a reversal of the ortholithiation and a subsequent 1,2-addition via two monomer-based pathways of stoichiometries [ArH*i-Pr(2)NLi(THF)](double dagger) and [ArH*i-Pr(2)NLi(THF)(3)](double dagger). Computational studies fill in the structural details and provide evidence of a direct substitution without the intermediacy of a Meisenheimer complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai S. Viciu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Lekha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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34
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Fernández I, Oña-Burgos P, Oliva JM, Ortiz FL. Solution and Computed Structure of o-Lithium N,N-Diisopropyl-P,P-diphenylphosphinic Amide. Unprecedented Li−O−Li−O Self-Assembly of an Aryllithium. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5193-204. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascual Oña-Burgos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M. Oliva
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Farrer NJ, McDonald R, Piga T, McIndoe JS. Bisphosphine monoxides with o-phenylene backbones in Pt, Pd and Fe complexes. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Antoft-Finch A, Blackburn T, Snieckus V. N,N-Diethyl O-Carbamate: Directed Metalation Group and Orthogonal Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Partner. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17750-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ja907700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Antoft-Finch
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tom Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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37
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Rousseau G, Robert F, Landais Y. Functionalization and Rearrangement of Spirocyclohexadienyl Oxindoles: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. Chemistry 2009; 15:11160-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Ma Y, Breslin S, Keresztes I, Lobkovsky E, Collum DB. Synthesis of a 7-azaindole by chichibabin cyclization: reversible base-mediated dimerization of 3-picolines. J Org Chem 2009; 73:9610-8. [PMID: 18707175 DOI: 10.1021/jo801410s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)-mediated condensation of 2-fluoro-3-picoline and benzonitrile to form 2-phenyl-7-azaindole via a Chichibabin cyclization is described. Facile dimerization of the picoline via a 1,4-addition of the incipient benzyllithium to the picoline starting material and fast 1,2-addition of LDA to benzonitrile cause the reaction to be complex. Both adducts are shown to reenter the reaction coordinate to produce the desired 7-azaindole. The solution structures of the key intermediates and the underlying reaction mechanisms are studied by a combination of IR and NMR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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39
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Lecachey B, Duguet N, Oulyadi H, Fressigné C, Harrison-Marchand A, Yamamoto Y, Tomioka K, Maddaluno J. Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of a Lithium Ester Enolate Catalyzed by Chiral Lithium Amides: A Possible Intermediate Characterized. Org Lett 2009; 11:1907-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900275y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Lecachey
- IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nicolas Duguet
- IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Catherine Fressigné
- IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yamamoto
- IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tomioka
- IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- IRCOF, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont St. Aignan Cedex, France, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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40
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Cho I, Meimetis L, Britton R. Bidirectional Metalation of Hydrobenzoin: Direct Access to New Chiral Ligands and Auxiliaries. Org Lett 2009; 11:1903-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900323u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inhee Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Labros Meimetis
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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41
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Singh KJ, Hoepker AC, Collum DB. Autocatalysis in lithium diisopropylamide-mediated ortholithiations. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 130:18008-17. [PMID: 19053473 DOI: 10.1021/ja807331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ortholithiation of 3-fluorophenyl-N,N-diisopropyl carbamate by lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF at -78 degrees C affords unusual rate behavior including linear decays of the carbamate, delayed formation of LDA-aryllithium mixed dimers, and evidence of autocatalysis. A mechanistic model in conjunction with numeric integration methods accounts for the time-dependent changes in concentration. The two critical rate-limiting steps in the model entail (1) an LDA dimer-based metalation of arylcarbamate, and (2) a rate-limiting condensation of the resulting aryllithium with the LDA dimer to form two isomeric LDA-ArLi mixed dimers. One isomer elicits a highly efficient (post-rate-limiting) metalation of aryl carbamate, in turn, regenerating aryllithium. The prevalence and implications of such autocatalysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal J Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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42
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Alouane N, Bentayeb K, Vrancken E, Gérard H, Mangeney P. 1,3-Li/H Shift of 1-Aryl-1,2-alkadienyl Reagents: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2009; 15:45-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Riggs JC, Singh KJ, Yun M, Collum DB. Anionic Snieckus-Fries rearrangement: solvent effects and role of mixed aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13709-17. [PMID: 18798619 PMCID: PMC2626637 DOI: 10.1021/ja804087r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lithiated aryl carbamates (ArLi) bearing methoxy or fluoro substituents in the meta position are generated from lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF, n-BuOMe, Me2NEt, dimethoxyethane (DME), N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine (TMCDA), and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). The aryllithiums are shown with (6)Li, (13)C, and (15)N NMR spectroscopies to be monomers, ArLi-LDA mixed dimers, and ArLi-LDA mixed trimers, depending on the choice of solvent. Subsequent Snieckus-Fries rearrangements afford ArOLi-LDA mixed dimers and trimers of the resulting phenolates. Rate studies of the rearrangement implicate mechanisms based on monomers, mixed dimers, and mixed trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Riggs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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44
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Wu CJ, Lee SH, Yu ST, Na SJ, Yun H, Lee BY. CO2-Mediated ortho-Lithiation of N-Alkylanilines and Its Use for the Construction of Polymerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800317v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ji Wu
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, and Energy System Division, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, and Energy System Division, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Seung Tack Yu
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, and Energy System Division, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Sung Jae Na
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, and Energy System Division, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Hoseop Yun
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, and Energy System Division, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, and Energy System Division, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 Korea
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45
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Dyke A, Gill D, Harvey J, Hester A, Lloyd-Jones G, Muñoz M, Shepperson I. Decoupling Deprotonation from Metalation: Thia-Fries Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Dyke A, Gill D, Harvey J, Hester A, Lloyd-Jones G, Muñoz M, Shepperson I. Decoupling Deprotonation from Metalation: Thia-Fries Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5067-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Zhao Z, Jaworski A, Piel I, Snieckus V. Anionic IndoleN-Carbamoyl N → C Translocation. A Directed remote Metalation Route to 2-Aryl- and 2-Heteroarylindoles. Synthesis of Benz[a]carbazoles and Indeno[1,2-b]indoles. Org Lett 2008; 10:2617-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongdong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ashley Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Isabel Piel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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48
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Kessar S, Singh P, Singh K, Bharatam P, Sharma A, Lata S, Kaur A. A Study of BF3-Promotedortho Lithiation of Anilines and DFT Calculations on the Role of Fluorine–Lithium Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Kessar S, Singh P, Singh K, Bharatam P, Sharma A, Lata S, Kaur A. A Study of BF3-Promotedortho Lithiation of Anilines and DFT Calculations on the Role of Fluorine–Lithium Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4703-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Li D, Hopson R, Li W, Liu J, Williard PG. 13C INEPT diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) with internal references. Org Lett 2008; 10:909-11. [PMID: 18251549 PMCID: PMC3220947 DOI: 10.1021/ol703039v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
13C INEPT Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) with an internal reference system was developed to study the aggregation state of THF-solvated LDA dimeric complex. Six components are clearly identified in the diffusion dimension, and their DOSY-generated 13C INEPT spectrum slices agree extremely well with their respective INEPT spectra. The correlation between log D and log FW of the linear least-squares fit to reference points of all components is exceptionally high: (r = 0.9985).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Weibin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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