1
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Lv M, Gao Y, Cai Z, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Wang T, Li W. Theoretical study based on the excited state dynamical of an oxadiazole derivative: A novel fluorescence mechanism. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123011. [PMID: 37418901 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Excited intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has been widely studied as a model system for proton transfer. In recent years, materials and biological systems containing two proton transfers have received special attention from researchers. In this work, the excited state intramolecular double-proton-transfer (ESIDPT) mechanism of a fluorescent compound based on an oxadiazole derivative, 2,5-bis-[5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-benzene-1,4-diol (DOX), has been comprehensively investigated through theoretical calculations. The potential energy surface curve of the reaction shows that ESIDPT can occur in the first excited state. This work proposes a new and reasonable fluorescence mechanism based on previous experiments, which has theoretical significance for the future research of DOX compounds in biomedicine and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng Lv
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zexu Cai
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Wenze Li
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
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2
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Dong H, Jiang W, Lv G, Han Y. Unraveling solvent‐dependent hydrogen bonding interaction and excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer behavior for 2‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐(
9H
‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenol: A theoretical study. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Wenkun Jiang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Baoding China
- College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Gang Lv
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Yinghui Han
- College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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3
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Mbakara I, Gajewska A, Listkowski A, Kijak M, Nawara K, Kumpulainen T, Vauthey E, Waluk J. Spectroscopic investigation of photophysics and tautomerism of amino- and nitroporphycenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29655-29666. [PMID: 36453100 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parent, unsubstituted porphycene and its two derivatives: 2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propylporphycene and 2,7,12,17-tetra-t-butylporphycene were substituted at the meso position with amino and nitro groups. These two families of porphycenes were characterized in detail with respect to their spectral, photophysical, and tautomeric properties. Two trans tautomers of similar energies coexist in the ground electronic state, but only one form dominates in the lowest excited singlet state. Absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and emission anisotropy combined with quantum-chemical calculations led to the assignment of S1 and S2 transitions in both tautomers. Compared with the parent porphycene, the S1-S2 energy gap significantly increases; for one tautomeric form, the effect is twice as large as for the other. Both amino- and nitroporphycenes emit single fluorescence; previously reported dual emission of aminoporphycenes is attributed to a degradation product. Introduction of bulky t-butyl groups leads to a huge decrease in fluorescence intensity; this effect, arising from the interaction of the meso substituent with the adjacent t-butyl moiety, is particularly strong in the nitro derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idaresit Mbakara
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Nawara
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tatu Kumpulainen
- Physical Chemistry Department, Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Physical Chemistry Department, Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Dobkowski J, Kijak M, Gawinkowski S, Karpiuk E, Pietrzak M, Sazanovich IV, Waluk J. Solving the Puzzle of Unusual Excited-State Proton Transfer in 2,5-Bis(6-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl)phenol. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1823-1836. [PMID: 35286097 PMCID: PMC8958588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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2,5-Bis(6-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl)phenol
(BMP) exhibits
an ultrafast excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)
when isolated in supersonic jets, whereas in condensed phases the
phototautomerization is orders of magnitude slower. This unusual situation
leads to nontypical photophysical characteristics: dual fluorescence
is observed for BMP in solution, whereas only a single
emission, originating from the phototautomer, is detected for the
ultracold isolated molecules. In order to understand the completely
different behavior in the two regimes, detailed photophysical studies
have been carried out. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of ESIPT
were determined from stationary and transient picosecond absorption
and emission for BMP in different solvents in a broad
temperature range. These studies were combined with time-dependent-
density functional theory quantum-chemical modeling. The excited-state
double-well potential for BMP and its methyl-free analogue
were calculated by applying different hybrid functionals and compared
with the results obtained for another proton-transferring molecule,
2,5-bis(5-ethyl-2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone (DE-BBHQ).
The results lead to the model that explains the difference in proton-transfer
properties of BMP in vacuum and in the condensed phase
by inversion of the two lowest singlet states occurring along the
PT coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Dobkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwester Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elena Karpiuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Yang D, Yang W, Tian Y, Zheng R. Regulating the excited state behaviors of 2-benzooxazol-2-yl-4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol fluorophore by solvent polarity: a theoretical simulation. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Kalaiselvan A, Spergen A, Krishna ISV, Reddy VS, Gokulnath S. Double intramolecular hydrogen transfer assisted dual emission in a carbazole-embedded porphyrin-like macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4420-4423. [PMID: 33949463 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a pyrrole ring at one of the meso positions of carbazole-based porphyrins lowers the structural symmetry and results in dual emission, which strongly depends on the excitation wavelength and temperature. The origin of dual emission induced by NH-tautomerism is confirmed via photophysical and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugan Kalaiselvan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Aswini Spergen
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Isukapalli Sai Vamsi Krishna
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
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7
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Litman Y, Behler J, Rossi M. Temperature dependence of the vibrational spectrum of porphycene: a qualitative failure of classical-nuclei molecular dynamics. Faraday Discuss 2020; 221:526-546. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximate quantum dynamics succeed in predicting a temperature-dependent blue-shift of the high-frequency stretch bands that arise from vibrational coupling between low-frequency thermally activated modes and high-frequency quantized ones. Classical nuclei molecular dynamics fail and instead predict a red-shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Litman
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jörg Behler
- Universität Göttingen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Theoretische Chemie
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Mariana Rossi
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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8
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Kasprzycki P, Kopycki P, Listkowski A, Gorski A, Radzewicz C, Birch DJS, Waluk J, Fita P. Influence of local microenvironment on the double hydrogen transfer in porphycene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17117-17128. [PMID: 32687131 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02687e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We performed time-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence anisotropy measurements in order to study tautomerization of porphycene in rigid polymer matrices at cryogenic temperatures. Studies were carried out in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The results prove that in all studied media hydrogen tunnelling plays a significant role in the double hydrogen transfer which becomes very sensitive to properties of the environment below approx. 150 K. We also demonstrate that there exist two populations of porphycene molecules in rigid media: "hydrogen-transferring" molecules, in which tautomerization occurs on time scales below 1 ns and "frozen" molecules in which double hydrogen transfer is too slow to be monitored with nanosecond techniques. The number of "frozen" molecules increases when the sample is cooled. We explain this effect by interactions of guest molecules with a rigid host matrix which disturbs symmetry of porphycene and hinders tunnelling. Temperature dependence of the number of hydrogen-transferring molecules suggests that the factor which restores the symmetry of the double-minimum potential well in porphycene are intermolecular vibrations localized in separated regions of the amorphous polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kasprzycki
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland. and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Kopycki
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka, Warsaw 01-224, Poland. and Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gorski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - David J S Birch
- Photophysics Group, Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka, Warsaw 01-224, Poland. and Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Hallay-Suszek M, Grochowski P, Lesyng B. A novel formulation of an approximate valence bond model (AVB2) and its application to the tautomeric forms of porphyrin and porphycene. J Mol Model 2019; 25:155. [PMID: 31076933 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel formulation of the approximate valence bond method, which can be applied as a very fast generator of the molecular potential energy function. The AVB2 model was formulated and parameterized for porphyrin and porphycene using results of quantum mechanical computations at the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level. The DFT potential energy, its gradients, and the Hessian-matrix elements, as well as effective atomic charges at local energy minima and transition states, were used for the parameterization of the AVB2 Hamiltonian matrix. The AVB2 method, and in particular its anharmonic version, very well reproduce the potential energy maps for all representative geometries of the studied systems, including harmonic frequencies, and possible proton translocations. For validation of the method, we performed molecular dynamics simulations for isolated molecules accounting for internal double proton transfer processes, which are strongly correlated with changes of the electronic charge density. The simulated power spectra were compared with the experimental infrared spectra. More precise simulations of IR spectra at the classical and quantum dynamics levels, as well as extensions of the AVB2 parameterization to electronic excited states, are the subject of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hallay-Suszek
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Grochowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Lesyng
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.,Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Litman Y, Richardson JO, Kumagai T, Rossi M. Elucidating the Nuclear Quantum Dynamics of Intramolecular Double Hydrogen Transfer in Porphycene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2526-2534. [PMID: 30648386 PMCID: PMC6728096 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We address the double hydrogen transfer
(DHT) dynamics of the porphycene molecule, a complex paradigmatic
system in which the making and breaking of H-bonds in a highly anharmonic
potential energy surface require a quantum mechanical treatment not
only of the electrons but also of the nuclei. We combine density functional
theory calculations, employing hybrid functionals and van der Waals
corrections, with recently proposed and optimized path-integral ring-polymer
methods for the approximation of quantum vibrational spectra and reaction
rates. Our full-dimensional ring-polymer instanton simulations show
that below 100 K the concerted DHT tunneling pathway dominates but
between 100 and 300 K there is a competition between concerted and
stepwise pathways when nuclear quantum effects are included. We obtain
ground-state reaction rates of 2.19 × 1011 s–1 at 150 K and 0.63 × 1011 s–1 at
100 K, in good agreement with experiment. We also reproduce the puzzling
N–H stretching band of porphycene with very good accuracy from
thermostated ring-polymer molecular dynamics simulations. The position
and line shape of this peak, centered at around 2600 cm–1 and spanning 750 cm–1, stem from a combination
of very strong H-bonds, the coupling to low-frequency modes, and the
access to cis-like isomeric conformations, which
cannot be appropriately captured with classical-nuclei dynamics. These
results verify the appropriateness of our general theoretical approach
and provide a framework for a deeper physical understanding of hydrogen
transfer dynamics in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Litman
- Theory Department , Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Takashi Kumagai
- Physical Chemistry Department , Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mariana Rossi
- Theory Department , Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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11
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Xie L, Cheng H, Fang D, Chen ZN, Yang M. Enhanced QM/MM sampling for free energy calculation of chemical reactions: A case study of double proton transfer. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044111. [PMID: 30709281 DOI: 10.1063/1.5072779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free energy calculations for chemical reactions with a steep energy barrier require well defined reaction coordinates (RCs). However, when multiple parallel channels exist along selected RC, the application of conventional enhanced samplings is difficult to generate correct sampling within limited simulation time and thus cannot give correct prediction about the favorable pathways, the relative stability of multiple products or intermediates. Here, we implement the selective integrated tempering sampling (SITS) method with quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potential to investigate the chemical reactions in solution. The combined SITS-QM/MM scheme is used to identify possible reaction paths, intermediate and product states, and the free energy profiles for the different reaction paths. Two double proton transfer reactions were studied to validate the implemented method and simulation protocol, from which the independent and correlated proton transfer processes are identified in two representative systems, respectively. This protocol can be generalized to various kinds of chemical reactions for both academic studies and industry applications, such as in exploration and optimization of potential reactions in DNA encoded compound library and halogen or deuterium substitution of the hit discovery and lead optimization stages of drug design via providing a better understanding of the reaction mechanism along the designed chemical reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxu Xie
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 21300, China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- XtalPi Inc. (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd.), Times Science & Tech Mansion E. 20F, 7028 Shennan Ave, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Fang
- XtalPi Inc. (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd.), Times Science & Tech Mansion E. 20F, 7028 Shennan Ave, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- XtalPi Inc. (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd.), Times Science & Tech Mansion E. 20F, 7028 Shennan Ave, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Peukert S, Kijak M, Ostapko J, Sepioł J, Le Bris C, Zehnacker-Rentien A, Gil M, Waluk J. Supersonic jet spectroscopy of parent hemiporphycene: Structural assignment and vibrational analysis for S 0 and S 1 electronic states. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:134307. [PMID: 30292190 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemiporphycene (HPc), a constitutional isomer of porphyrin, is studied under supersonic expansion conditions by means of laser-induced fluorescence, visible-visible hole-burning experiments, single vibronic level fluorescence techniques, and quantum chemical calculations. Only one trans form of jet-cooled HPc is observed, in contrast to solution studies that evidence a mixture of two trans tautomeric forms separated in energy by ∼1 kcal/mol. Reliable structural assignment is provided by simulating absorption and emission patterns at the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory levels of theory. The vibronic spectra are nicely reproduced for both electronic ground and lowest excited singlet states for the most stable trans form. In contrast to another porphyrin isomer, porphycene (Pc), no tunneling or photo-induced hydrogen transfer is detected. The lower symmetry of HPc compared with Pc and the concomitant non-equivalent positions of the inner-cavity nitrogen atoms result in a non-symmetric double minimum potential for tautomerization, larger energy barrier, and a longer tunneling distance, with the average intramolecular hydrogen bond length larger in HPc than in Pc. HPc readily forms hydrates that show red-shifted absorption relative to the bare molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Peukert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Ostapko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sepioł
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Catherine Le Bris
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Orsay, France
| | | | - Michał Gil
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Dai Y, Zhang M, Zhang M, Sun L, Meng J, Song P. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding promoted excited state double proton transfer mechanism based on a typical molecule: Porphycene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 200:345-350. [PMID: 29709794 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The double excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms of porphycene, were theoretically studied. The primary bond lengths, IR vibrational spectra and hydrogen-bond energy indicate that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds were strengthened in the first excited state, which facilitate the ESIPT processes. To elucidate the proposed mechanism, the potential-energy surfaces of the ground state and first excited state were constructed as functions of NH bond lengths and its relative torsional angle rotation. The intramolecular proton transfer of prophycene is more likely to occur through lengthwise pathway and proceed in the concerted coordinated transfer manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Dai
- Normal College, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- Normal College, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- College of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Liting Sun
- Mechanical Engineering College, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Normal College, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Peng Song
- College of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Light Emitting and Photocatalytic Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian, China.
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14
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Piatkowski L, Schanbacher C, Wackenhut F, Jamrozik A, Meixner AJ, Waluk J. Nature of Large Temporal Fluctuations of Hydrogen Transfer Rates in Single Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1211-1215. [PMID: 29470087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Double hydrogen transfer was monitored in single molecules of parent porphycene and its tetra- t-butyl derivative using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The molecules have been embedded in a polymer matrix. Under such conditions, a significant fraction of the population reveals a huge decrease of the tautomerization rate with respect to the value obtained from ensemble studies in solution. This effect is explained by a model that assumes that the rate is determined by the reorganization coordinate that involves slow relaxation of the polymer matrix. The model provides indirect evidence for the dominant role of tunneling. It is proposed that tautomerization in single molecules of the porphycene family can be used to probe polymer relaxation dynamics on the time scale ranging from picoseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Piatkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Christina Schanbacher
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , D-72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , D-72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Agnieszka Jamrozik
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , D-72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science , Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5 , 01-815 Warsaw , Poland
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15
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Kumagai T, Ladenthin JN, Litman Y, Rossi M, Grill L, Gawinkowski S, Waluk J, Persson M. Quantum tunneling in real space: Tautomerization of single porphycene molecules on the (111) surface of Cu, Ag, and Au. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:102330. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5004602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina N. Ladenthin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yair Litman
- Theory Department, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariana Rossi
- Theory Department, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sylwester Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mats Persson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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16
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Xiao B, Yu XF, Li Q, Cheng J. Photophysical properties and excited state proton transfer in 1,8-Dihydroxydibenzo[a,h]phenazine: A theoretical study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Paul S, Karar M, Das B, Mallick A, Majumdar T. Theory after experiment on sensing mechanism of a newly developed sensor molecule: Converging or diverging? Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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Tang Z, Wang Y, Bao D, Lv M, Yang Y, Tian J, Dong L. Theoretical Investigation of an Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Mechanism for an Asymmetric Structure of 3,7-Dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromene-8-carbaldehyde: Single or Double? J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8807-8814. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tang
- School
of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School
of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dongshuai Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meiheng Lv
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School
of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Liang Dong
- School
of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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19
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Bao D, Wang M, Yang C, Yang Y, Ma X. Concerted Mechanisms of Excited-State Proton Intramolecular Transfer for Bis-2,4-(2-benzoxazolyl)-hydroquinone and Its Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8217-8226. [PMID: 28994587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The concerted mechanisms of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of bis-2,4-(2-benzoxazolyl)-hydroquinone (BBHQ') and its derivatives (BBHQ'- and DHBO') have been investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The calculated absorption and emission spectra of BBHQ' and its derivatives are in good agreement with the experimental results. The calculated bond lengths, bond angles, and IR vibrational spectra linked with hydrogen bond of molecular BBHQ' in the S0 and S1 states demonstrate that the hydrogen bond is strengthened in the S1 state. Compared to BBHQ', BBHQ'- has a weak change of hydrogen bond between the S1 and S0 states. The calculation results show that there are three stable structures of BBHQ' in the S1 state. We find that the structure corresponding to the 481 nm fluorescence spectrum corresponds to BBHQ'-A rather than BBHQ'--K (Tetrahedron Lett., 2016, 57, 3518). The calculated frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) indicate the nature of the charge distribution and the trend of proton transfer of BBHQ'-A. The constructed potential energy surfaces of BBHQ' and DBHO' further elucidate the proposed mechanism that one-proton or two-proton transfer can happen (stepwise or synchronous) in the S1 states. The proposed ESIPT mechanism can provide a good explanation of the phenomenon of fluorescence quenching of BBHQ' and its derivatives. Finally, the weak interaction types are discriminated through the reduced density gradient (RDG) analyses of BBHQ' and BBHQ'-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshuai Bao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
| | - Meishan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chuanlu Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
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20
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Gil M, Kijak M, Piwoński H, Herbich J, Waluk J. Non-typical fluorescence studies of excited and ground state proton and hydrogen transfer. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 5:014007. [PMID: 28248649 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa5e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence studies of tautomerization have been carried out for various systems that exhibit single and double proton or hydrogen translocation in various environments, such as liquid and solid condensed phases, ultracold supersonic jets, and finally, polymer matrices with single emitters. We focus on less explored areas of application of fluorescence for tautomerization studies, using porphycene, a porphyrin isomer, as an example. Fluorescence anisotropy techniques allow investigations of self-exchange reactions, where the reactant and product are formally identical. Excitation with polarized light makes it possible to monitor tautomerization in single molecules and to detect their three-dimensional orientation. Analysis of fluorescence from single vibronic levels of jet-isolated porphycene not only demonstrates coherent tunneling of two internal protons, but also indicates that the process is vibrational mode-specific. Next, we present bifunctional proton donor-acceptor systems, molecules that are able, depending on the environment, to undergo excited state single intramolecular or double intermolecular proton transfer. For molecules that have donor and acceptor groups located in separate moieties linked by a single bond, excited state tautomerization can be coupled to mutual twisting of the two subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gil
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Fita P, Grill L, Listkowski A, Piwoński H, Gawinkowski S, Pszona M, Sepioł J, Mengesha E, Kumagai T, Waluk J. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations of tautomerization in porphycenes: condensed phases, supersonic jets, and single molecule studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4921-4937. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tautomerization of porphycene, coherent in supersonic jets and a rate process in solutions, can be controlled for single molecules on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics
- Faculty of Physics
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - L. Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - A. Listkowski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- College of Science
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
- 01-815 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - H. Piwoński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - S. Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - M. Pszona
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - J. Sepioł
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - E. Mengesha
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - T. Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - J. Waluk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- College of Science
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
- 01-815 Warsaw
- Poland
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22
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Abstract
Tautomerization in porphycenes, constitutional isomers of porphyrins, is strongly entangled with spectral and photophysical parameters. The intramolecular double hydrogen transfer occurring in the ground and electronically excited states leads to uncommon spectroscopic characteristics, such as depolarized emission, viscosity-dependent radiationless depopulation, and vibrational-mode-specific tunneling splittings. This review starts with documentation of the electronic spectra of porphycenes: Absorption and magnetic circular dichroism are discussed, together with their analysis based on the perimeter model. Next, photophysical characteristics are presented, setting the stage for the final part, which discusses the developments in research on tautomerism. Porphycenes have been studied in different experimental regimes: molecules in condensed phases, isolated in supersonic jets and helium nanodroplets, and, recently also on the level of single molecules investigated by optical and scanning probe microscopies. Because of the rich and detailed information obtained from these diverse investigations, porphycenes emerge as very good models for studying the complex, multidimensional phenomena involved in the process of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Zhao J, Chen J, Liu J, Hoffmann MR. Competitive excited-state single or double proton transfer mechanisms for bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)-hydroquinone and its derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:11990-9. [PMID: 25872615 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO), bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)-hydroquinone (BBHQ) and 2,5-bis(5'-tert-butyl-benzoxazol-2'-yl)hydroquinone (DHBO) have been investigated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The calculated vertical excitation energies based on the TDDFT method reproduced the experimental absorption and emission spectra well. Three kinds of stable structures were found on the S1 state potential energy surface (PES). A new ESIPT mechanism that differs from the one proposed previously (Mordzinski et al., Chem. Phys. Lett., 1983, 101, 291. and Lim et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 14542.) is proposed. The new mechanism includes the possibility of simultaneous double proton transfer, or successive single transfers, in addition to the accepted single proton transfer mechanism. Hydrogen bond strengthening in the excited state was based on primary bond lengths, angles, IR vibrational spectra and hydrogen bond energy. Intramolecular charge transfer based on the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) also supports the proposed mechanism of the ESIPT reaction. To further elucidate the proposed mechanism, reduced dimensionality PESs of the S0 and S1 states were constructed by keeping the O-H distance fixed at a series of values. The potential barrier heights among the local minima on the S1 surface imply competitive single and double proton transfer branches in the mechanism. Based on the new ESIPT mechanism, the observed fluorescence quenching can be satisfactorily explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
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24
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Gawinkowski S, Pszona M, Gorski A, Niedziółka-Jönsson J, Kamińska I, Nogala W, Waluk J. Single molecule Raman spectra of porphycene isotopologues. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3337-3349. [PMID: 26731569 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08627b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra have been obtained for the parent porphycene (Pc-d0) and its deuterated isotopologue (Pc-d12), located on gold and silver nanoparticles. Equal populations of "hot spots" by the two isotopologues are observed for 1 : 1 mixtures in a higher concentration range of the single molecule regime (5 × 10(-9) M). For decreasing concentrations, hot spots are preferentially populated by undeuterated molecules. This is interpreted as an indication of a lower surface diffusion coefficient of Pc-d12. The photostability of single Pc molecules placed on nanoparticles is strongly increased in comparison with polymer environments. Trans tautomeric species dominate the spectra, but the analysis of time traces reveals transient intermediates, possibly due to rare cis tautomeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
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25
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Böckmann H, Liu S, Mielke J, Gawinkowski S, Waluk J, Grill L, Wolf M, Kumagai T. Direct Observation of Photoinduced Tautomerization in Single Molecules at a Metal Surface. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1034-41. [PMID: 26796945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches are of fundamental importance in nature, and light is an important stimulus to selectively drive the switching process. However, the local dynamics of a conformational change in these molecules remain far from being completely understood at the single-molecule level. Here, we report the direct observation of photoinduced tautomerization in single porphycene molecules on a Cu(111) surface by using a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and laser excitation in the near-infrared to ultraviolet regime. It is found that the thermodynamically stable trans configuration of porphycene can be converted to the metastable cis configuration in a unidirectional fashion by photoirradiation. The wavelength dependence of the tautomerization cross section exhibits a steep increase around 2 eV and demonstrates that excitation of the Cu d-band electrons and the resulting hot carriers play a dominant role in the photochemical process. Additionally, a pronounced isotope effect in the cross section (∼100) is observed when the transferred hydrogen atoms are substituted with deuterium, indicating a significant contribution of zero-point energy in the reaction. Combined with the study of inelastic tunneling electron-induced tautomerization with the STM, we propose that tautomerization occurs via excitation of molecular vibrations after photoexcitation. Interestingly, the observed cross section of ∼10(-19) cm(2) in the visible-ultraviolet region is much higher than that of previously studied molecular switches on a metal surface, for example, azobenzene derivatives (10(-23)-10(-22) cm(2)). Furthermore, we examined a local environmental impact on the photoinduced tautomerization by varying molecular density on the surface and find substantial changes in the cross section and quenching of the process due to the intermolecular interaction at high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Böckmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Liu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Mielke
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - J Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Ciąćka P, Fita P, Listkowski A, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Evidence for Dominant Role of Tunneling in Condensed Phases and at High Temperatures: Double Hydrogen Transfer in Porphycenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:283-288. [PMID: 26727277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the double hydrogen transfer in porphycene, its 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butyl derivative, and their N-deuterated isotopologues revealed the dominant role of tunneling, even at room temperature in condensed phase. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy with polarized light employed in a wide range of temperatures allowed the identification and evaluation of contributions of two tunneling modes: vibrational ground-state tunneling, occurring from the zero vibrational level, and vibrationally activated, via a large amplitude, low-frequency mode. Good correspondence was found between the rates of incoherent tunneling occurring in condensed phase and the values estimated on the basis of tunneling splittings observed in molecules isolated in supersonic jets or helium nanodroplets. The results provide solid experimental insight into widely proposed quantum facets of ubiquitous hydrogen-transfer phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ciąćka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Berezin DB, Talanova AE, Shukhto OV, Guseinov SS, Krest’yaninov MA, Petrova DV, Semeikin AS. Synthesis and physico-chemical properties of 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene and its metal complexes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215080150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Double-proton transfer mechanism in 1,8-dihydroxydibenzo[a,c]phenazine: a TDDFT and ab initio study. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Zhang Z, Wu YS, Tang KC, Chen CL, Ho JW, Su J, Tian H, Chou PT. Excited-State Conformational/Electronic Responses of Saddle-Shaped N,N′-Disubstituted-Dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazines: Wide-Tuning Emission from Red to Deep Blue and White Light Combination. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8509-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Sin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jr-Wei Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
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30
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Zhao J, Yao H, Liu J, Hoffmann MR. New excited-state proton transfer mechanisms for 1,8-dihydroxydibenzo[a,h]phenazine. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:681-8. [PMID: 25555144 DOI: 10.1021/jp5120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms of 1,8-dihydroxydibenzo[a,h]phenazine (DHBP) in toluene solvent have been investigated based on time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The results suggest that both a single and double proton transfer mechanisms are relevant, in constrast to the prediction of a single one proposed previously (Piechowska et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2014, 118, 144-151). The calculated results show that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds were formed in the S0 state, and upon excitation, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds between -OH group and pyridine-type nitrogen atom would be strengthened in the S1 state, which can facilitate the proton transfer process effectively. The calculated vertical excitation energies in the S0 and S1 states reproduce the experimental UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra well. The constructed potential energy surfaces of the S0 and S1 states have been used to explain the proton transfer process. Four minima have been found on the S1 state surface, with potential barriers between these excited-state minima of less than 10 kcal/mol, which supports concomitant single and double proton transfer mechanisms. In addition, the fluorescence quenching can be explained reasonably based on the proton transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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31
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Mengesha ET, Zehnacker-Rentien A, Sepioł J, Kijak M, Waluk J. Spectroscopic Study of Jet-Cooled Deuterated Porphycenes: Unusual Isotopic Effects on Proton Tunneling. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2193-203. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505553z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ephriem T. Mengesha
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO, CNRS Université Paris Sud, Bât. 210−91405 Orsay Cédex, France
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52,
01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne Zehnacker-Rentien
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO, CNRS Université Paris Sud, Bât. 210−91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - J. Sepioł
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52,
01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Kijak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52,
01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Waluk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52,
01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Ciąćka P, Fita P, Listkowski A, Kijak M, Nonell S, Kuzuhara D, Yamada H, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Tautomerism in Porphycenes: Analysis of Rate-Affecting Factors. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2292-301. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506150r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ciąćka
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Fita
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Santi Nonell
- Molecular
Engineering Group, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Graduate
School of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Homayoon Z, Bowman JM, Evangelista FA. Calculations of Mode-Specific Tunneling of Double-Hydrogen Transfer in Porphycene Agree with and Illuminate Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2723-2727. [PMID: 26277970 DOI: 10.1021/jz501482v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a theoretical study of mode-specific tunneling splittings in double-hydrogen transfer in trans-porphycene. We use a novel, mode-specific "Qim path method", in which the reaction coordinate is the imaginary-frequency normal mode of the saddle point separating the equivalent minima. The model considers all 108 normal modes and uses no adjustable parameters. The method gives the ground vibrational-state tunneling splitting, as well the increase in the splitting upon excitation of certain modes, in good agreement with experiment. Interpretation of these results is also transparent with this method. In addition, predictions are made for mode excitations not investigated experimentally. Results for d1 and d2 isotopolgues are also in agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Homayoon
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M Bowman
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Francesco A Evangelista
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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34
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Frantsuzov I, Ford SJ, Radosavljevic Evans I, Horsewill AJ, Trommsdorff HP, Johnson MR. Measurement of proton tunneling in short hydrogen bonds in single crystals of 3,5 pyridinedicarboxylic acid using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:018301. [PMID: 25032933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.018301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present NMR spin-lattice and relaxometry data for proton transfer in one of the shortest known N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds in a single crystal of 3,5 pyridinedicarboxylic acid (35PDCA). It is widely believed that proton transfer by quantum tunneling does not occur in short hydrogen bonds since the ground state energy level lies above the potential barrier, yet these data show a temperature independent, proton tunneling rate below 77 K and a clear deviation from classical dynamics below 91 K. This study therefore suggests that proton tunneling occurs in all hydrogen bonds at low temperature and the crossover temperature to classical hopping must be determined when evaluating whether proton tunneling persists at higher temperature, for example in enzyme catalysis under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Frantsuzov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - S J Ford
- Institute Laue Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble, France and Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | - A J Horsewill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - H P Trommsdorff
- Institute Laue Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble, France and University of Grenoble 1/CNRS, LIPhy UMR 5588, BP 87, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - M R Johnson
- Institute Laue Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble, France
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35
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Mengesha ET, Sepioł J, Borowicz P, Waluk J. Vibrations of porphycene in the S0 and S1 electronic states: Single vibronic level dispersed fluorescence study in a supersonic jet. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:174201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4802769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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36
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Fita P, Ciacka P, Czerski I, Pietraszkiewicz M, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Double Hydrogen Transfer in Low Symmetry Porphycenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The rate constants of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer have been determined for of tert-butyl-substituted porphycenes: 2-tert-butyl-, 2,7-di-tert-butyl-, 2,7,12-tri-tert-butyl-, and 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene using femtosecond pump-probe polarization spectroscopy. The rates increase monotonically with the number of substituents. As is the case for other porphycenes studied so far, the tautomerization becomes slower after excitation to the lowest excited singlet state. The potential for the trans-trans self-exchange reaction is symmetrical in di- and tetra-tert-butyl substituted derivatives, but not for the singly and triply substituted ones. Our studies enabled determination of the relative populations of nonequivalent tautomers and thus of the equilibrium constants in S0 and S1 states, as well as estimation of ground and excited state activation energies for the tautomerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fita
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw, Polen
| | - Piotr Ciacka
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw, Polen
| | - Igor Czerski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of physical Chemistry, Warsaw, Polen
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37
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Bernatowicz P. Accurate determination of the ultrafast proton transfer rate in porphycene using nuclear spin relaxation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8732-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50963j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Gorski A, Gawinkowski S, Herbich J, Krauss O, Brutschy B, Thummel RP, Waluk J. 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-h]quinoline: a benchmark molecule for reliable calculations of vibrational frequencies, IR intensities, and Raman activities. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11973-86. [PMID: 23134592 DOI: 10.1021/jp309618b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reliable assignment of 55 out of 57 vibrational modes has been achieved for 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-h]quinoline using IR, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. The experiments provided a data set for assessing the performance of different models/basis sets for predicting the vibrational frequencies, as well as IR and Raman intensities for a molecule with 13 heavy atoms. Among six different tested DFT functionals, the hybrid B3LYP used with Pople's split-valence basis sets is suggested as the best choice for accurate and cost-effective IR/Raman spectral simulations. Neither HF nor MP2 methods can satisfactorily describe the vibrational structure. Increasing the basis set size from double to triple-ζ and by adding polarization and diffuse functions does not necessarily improve the results, especially regarding the predictions of vibrational frequencies. With respect to the intensities, extending the basis set helps, with the accuracy increasing systematically for the Raman spectra, and in a less regular fashion for the IR. A large difference in accuracy is observed while comparing the spectral parameters predicted for in-plane and out-of-plane normal modes. The former are reliably computed with modest basis sets, whereas for the out-of-plane vibrations, larger basis sets are necessary, but even in this case, the out-of-plane vibrations are reproduced with much less accuracy than in-plane modes. This effect is general, as it has been observed using different functionals and basis sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Gorski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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39
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Fita P, Pszona M, Orzanowska G, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S, Vauthey E, Waluk J. Tautomerization in 2,7,12,17-Tetraphenylporphycene and 9-Amino-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene: Influence of Asymmetry on the Direction of the Transition Moment. Chemistry 2012; 18:13160-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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Czerski I, Listkowski A, Nawrocki J, Urbańska N, Piwoński H, Sokołowski A, Pietraszkiewicz O, Pietraszkiewicz M, Waluk J. The long and winding road to new porphycenes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe attempts — not always successful — made over the years to improve the efficiency of porphycene synthesis and to produce novel compounds, custom-designed for specific purposes. New porphycenes are reported, some of them obtained rather unexpectedly as by-products of the planned reactions. Structure and energy computations of possible tautomeric forms in porphycenes substituted by one, two, three, and four tert-butyl groups lead to predictions regarding the kinetics and mechanisms of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer. The occurrence of tautomerization in single molecules of tert-butylsubstituted porphycenes is demonstrated by using fluorescence polarization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Czerski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, Warsaw 01-815, Poland
| | - Jan Nawrocki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Natalia Urbańska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Hubert Piwoński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Adam Sokołowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Oksana Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, Warsaw 01-815, Poland
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41
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Planas O, Tejedor-Estrada R, Nonell S. Tautomerism and dual fluorescence in 9-substituted n-propyl- and methoxyethyl-porphycenes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual fluorescence is described and characterized for several 9-substituted porphycenes. Using both spectroscopic and computational studies, the phenomenon is related to the differential stabilization of the two trans tautomers in the excited state. The electronic nature of the 9-substituents affects both the energy and the lifetime of the two tautomers as well as their interconversion. The results are consistent with a two-step model for excited-state tautomerization that involves the population of an upper excited state, tentatively assigned to a cis species, which in turn provides an efficient non-radiative pathway to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Planas
- Molecular Engineering Group, IQS School of Engineering, University Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Tejedor-Estrada
- Molecular Engineering Group, IQS School of Engineering, University Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Molecular Engineering Group, IQS School of Engineering, University Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Quantum tautomerization in porphycene and its isotopomers: Path-integral molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Unsubstituted porphycene was prepared in 65% yield from 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene. Taking into account the yield of the substrate, this represents more than a five-fold improvement compared to the methodology used to date. Enhanced availability of the parent porphycene may be exploited in synthetic procedures based on derivatization of the unsubstituted compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Urbańska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
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44
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Gawinkowski S, Walewski Ł, Vdovin A, Slenczka A, Rols S, Johnson MR, Lesyng B, Waluk J. Vibrations and hydrogen bonding in porphycene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5489-503. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Iima Y, Kuzuhara D, Xue ZL, Uno H, Akimoto S, Yamada H, Tominaga K. Photophysical properties of triphyrin(2.1.1) investigated by time-resolved fluorescence measurements. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Gawinkowski S, Orzanowska G, Izdebska K, Senge MO, Waluk J. Bridging the Gap between Porphyrins and Porphycenes: Substituent-Position-Sensitive Tautomerism and Photophysics in meso-Diphenyloctaethylporphyrins. Chemistry 2011; 17:10039-49. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Duran-Frigola M, Tejedor-Estrada R, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S. Dual fluorescence in 9-amino-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10326-32. [PMID: 21523274 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The absorption spectrum of the asymmetric 9-amino-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene shows new, strongly red-shifted bands compared to the symmetric parental 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene and to the also asymmetric 9-acetoxy-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene. Dual emission is also observed with relative contributions that depend strongly on the excitation wavelength and temperature. The gap between the two fluorescence bands is 84 nm. Tautomerization in both the ground and excited states is shown to account for these observations, the 9-amino group being particularly able to selectively lower the energy of the first excited singlet state of just one of the trans tautomers. Introduction of amino groups in porphycenes may be a convenient way to gain a deeper insight into the tautomerization mechanisms in this macrocyclic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Duran-Frigola
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Kim KS, Sung YM, Matsuo T, Hayashi T, Kim D. Investigation of Aromaticity and Photophysical Properties in [18]/[20]π Porphycene Derivatives. Chemistry 2011; 17:7882-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kil Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120‐749 (Korea), Fax: (+82) 2‐2123‐2434
| | - Young Mo Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120‐749 (Korea), Fax: (+82) 2‐2123‐2434
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department: Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630‐0192 (Japan)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‐0871 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‐0871 (Japan)
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120‐749 (Korea), Fax: (+82) 2‐2123‐2434
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49
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Fita P, Garbacz P, Nejbauer M, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Ground and Excited State Double Hydrogen Transfer in Symmetric and Asymmetric Potentials: Comparison of 2,7,12,17‐Tetra‐
n
‐propylporphycene with 9‐Acetoxy‐2,7,12,17‐tetra‐
n
‐propylporphycene. Chemistry 2011; 17:3672-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00‐681 Warsaw (Poland)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest‐Ansermet, 1211, Genève 4 (Switzerland)
| | - Piotr Garbacz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00‐681 Warsaw (Poland)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01‐224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Michał Nejbauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01‐224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00‐681 Warsaw (Poland)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01‐224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01‐224 Warsaw (Poland)
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50
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Quartarolo AD, Chiodo SG, Russo N. A Theoretical Study of Brominated Porphycenes: Electronic Spectra and Intersystem Spin−Orbit Coupling. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:3176-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Domenico Quartarolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite—Centro d’Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sandro Giuseppe Chiodo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite—Centro d’Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite—Centro d’Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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