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Deng Y, Li Y, Wen Z, Ruiz CH, Weng X, Cameron MD, Duan Y, Huang Y. Morphing Natural Product Platensimycin via Heck, Sonogashira, and One-Pot Sonogashira/Cycloaddition Reactions to Produce Antibiotics with In Vivo Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040425. [PMID: 35453177 PMCID: PMC9027111 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II fatty acid synthases are promising drug targets against major bacterial pathogens. Platensimycin (PTM) is a potent inhibitor against β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase II (FabF) and β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase I (FabB), while the poor pharmacokinetics has prevented its further development. In this work, thirty-two PTM derivatives were rapidly prepared via Heck, Sonogashira, and one-pot Sonogashira/cycloaddition cascade reactions based on the Gram-scale synthesis of 6-iodo PTM (4). About half of the synthesized compounds were approximately equipotent to PTM against the tested Staphylococcus aureus strains. Among them, the representative compounds 4, A4, and B8 exhibited different plasma protein binding affinity or stability in the human hepatic microsome assay and showed improved in vivo efficacy over PTM in a mouse peritonitis model. In addition, A4 was also effective in an S. aureus-infected skin mouse model. Our study not only significantly expands the known PTM derivatives with improved antibacterial activities in vivo, but showcased that C–C cross-coupling reactions are useful tools to functionalize natural product drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuling Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Claudia H. Ruiz
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.H.R.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Xiang Weng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.H.R.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Y.H.)
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. Perspectives from nearly five decades of total synthesis of natural products and their analogues for biology and medicine. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1404-1435. [PMID: 32319494 PMCID: PMC7578074 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1970 to 2020By definition total synthesis is the art and science of making the molecules of living Nature in the laboratory, and by extension, their analogues. Although obvious, its application to the synthesis of molecules for biology and medicine was not always the purpose of total synthesis. In recent years, however, the field has acquired momentum as its power to reach higher molecular complexity and diversity is increasing, and as the demand for rare bioactive natural products and their analogues is expanding due to their recognised potential to facilitate biology and drug discovery and development. Today this component of total synthesis endeavors is considered highly desirable, and could be part of interdisciplinary academic and/or industrial partnerships, providing further inspiration and momentum to the field. In this review we provide a brief historical background of the emergence of the field of total synthesis as it relates to making molecules for biology and medicine. We then discuss specific examples of this practice from our laboratories as they developed over the years. The review ends with a conclusion and future perspectives for natural products chemistry and its applications to biology and medicine and other added-value contributions to science and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
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3
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Wang Z, Liu X, Peng Y, Su M, Zhu S, Pan J, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Platensimycin-Encapsulated Liposomes or Micelles as Biosafe Nanoantibiotics Exhibited Strong Antibacterial Activities against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Mice. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2451-2462. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Saibin Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | | | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discover, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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4
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Deng Y, Weng X, Li Y, Su M, Wen Z, Ji X, Ren N, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Late-Stage Functionalization of Platensimycin Leading to Multiple Analogues with Improved Antibacterial Activity in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6682-6693. [PMID: 31265289 PMCID: PMC6755679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial fatty acid synthases are promising antibacterial targets against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Platensimycin (PTM) is a potent FabB/FabF inhibitor, while its poor pharmacokinetics hampers the clinical development. In this study, a focused library of PTM derivatives was prepared through thiolysis of PTM oxirane (1), followed by various C-C cross-coupling reactions in high yields. Antibacterial screening of these compounds in vitro yielded multiple hits with improved anti-Staphylococcus activities over PTM. Among them, compounds A1, A3, A17, and A28 exhibited improved antibacterial activities over PTM against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a mouse peritonitis model. Compound A28 was further shown to be effective against MRSA infection in a mouse wound model, in comparison to mupirocin. Therefore, the facile preparation and screening of these PTM derivatives, together with their potent antibacterial activities in vivo, suggest a promising strategy to improve the antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties of PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xiang Weng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Yuling Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xinxin Ji
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Nan Ren
- Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410008 , China
| | | | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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5
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Su M, Qiu L, Deng Y, Ruiz CH, Rudolf JD, Dong LB, Feng X, Cameron MD, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Evaluation of Platensimycin and Platensimycin-Inspired Thioether Analogues against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Topical and Systemic Infection Mouse Models. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3065-3071. [PMID: 31244223 PMCID: PMC6763203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens causing hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-formed biofilms in wounds are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. By targeting FabB/FabF of bacterial fatty acid synthases, platensimycin (PTM) was discovered to act as a promising natural antibiotic against MRSA infections. In this study, PTM and its previously synthesized sulfur-Michael derivative PTM-2t could reduce over 95% biofilm formation by S. aureus ATCC 29213 when used at 2 μg/mL in vitro. Topical application of ointments containing PTM or PTM-2t (2 × 4 mg/day/mouse) was successfully used to treat MRSA infections in a BABL/c mouse burn wound model. As a potential prodrug lead, PTM-2t showed improved in vivo efficacy in a mouse peritonitis model compared with PTM. Our study suggests that PTM and its analogue may be used topically or locally to treat bacterial infections. In addition, the use of prodrug strategies might be instrumental to improve the poor pharmacokinetic properties of PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Claudia H. Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Xueqiong Feng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department of Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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6
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Deng Y, Su M, Kang D, Liu X, Wen Z, Li Y, Qiu L, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis of Platensimycin Derivatives with Antibiotic Activities in Mice via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11341-11348. [PMID: 30461269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM), originally isolated from soil bacteria Streptomyces platensis, is a potent FabF inhibitor against many Gram-positive pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. However, the further clinical development of PTM is hampered by its poor pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, 20 PTM derivatives were prepared by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by Pd (0)/C. Compared to PTM, 6-pyrenyl PTM (6t) showed improved antibacterial activity against MRSA in a mouse peritonitis model. Our results support the strategy to target the essential fatty acid synthases in major pathogens, in order to discover and develop new generations of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Dingding Kang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Yuling Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | | | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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7
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Tian K, Deng Y, Qiu L, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensimycin Analogues with Varying Aminobenzoic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2018; 3:12625-12629. [PMID: 32232122 PMCID: PMC7105086 DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM) is an excellent natural product drug lead against various gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In this study, twenty PTM derivatives with varying aminobenzoic acids were semisynthesized. In contrast to all the previous reported inactive aminobenzaote analogues, a few of them showed moderate antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Our study suggested that modification of the conserved aminobenzoic acid remains a viable approach to diversify the PTM scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tian
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Ben Shen
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 (USA)
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
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8
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Ogba OM, Warner NC, O'Leary DJ, Grubbs RH. Recent advances in ruthenium-based olefin metathesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4510-4544. [PMID: 29714397 PMCID: PMC6107346 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts, known for their functional group tolerance and broad applicability in organic synthesis and polymer science, continue to evolve as an enabling technology in these areas. A discussion of recent mechanistic investigations is followed by an overview of selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Ogba
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91775, USA.
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9
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Deng Y, Kang D, Shi J, Zhou W, Sun A, Ju J, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. The semi-synthesis, biological evaluation and docking analysis of the oxime, hydrazine and hydrazide derivatives of platensimycin. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:789-794. [PMID: 30108968 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dozen oxime, hydrazine and hydrazide derivatives of platensimycin (PTM) analogues were synthesized, some of which showed strong antibacterial activities and were shown to be stable under the bioassay conditions. Docking analysis revealed that they have certain new interactions with β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase II (FabF), suggesting that Schiff base formation on its terpene scaffold is an effective strategy to diversify PTM structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ;
| | - Dingding Kang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ;
| | - Jie Shi
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ;
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ;
| | - Aijun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ; .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Ben Shen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ; .,Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , USA .
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ; .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ; .,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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Qiu L, Tian K, Wen Z, Deng Y, Kang D, Liang H, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Biomimetic Stereoselective Sulfa-Michael Addition Leads to Platensimycin and Platencin Sulfur Analogues against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:316-322. [PMID: 29389125 PMCID: PMC6245554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several sulfur-containing platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN) analogues, with activities comparable to the parent natural products, have recently been discovered from microorganisms, implying a biomimetic route to diversify the PTM and PTN scaffolds for structure-activity relationship study. We present here a substrate-directed and scaleable semisynthetic strategy to make PTM and PTN sulfur analogues with excellent diasteroselectivity, without using any chiral catalysts. Most of the sulfur analogues showed strong activities against clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5-2 μg mL-1. Density functional theory calculations were in agreement with the observed selectivity for these analogues and suggest that the conformation restraints of the terpene cages of PTM and PTN on the transition states determine the si-face attack selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Tian
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingding Kang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Liang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Molecular Medicine, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Natural Products Library Initiative, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
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11
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A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:153-184. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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13
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Platensimycin and platencin: Inspirations for chemistry, biology, enzymology, and medicine. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 133:139-151. [PMID: 27865713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have served as the main source of drugs and drug leads, and natural products produced by microorganisms are one of the most prevalent sources of clinical antibiotics. Their unparalleled structural and chemical diversities provide a basis to investigate fundamental biological processes while providing access to a tremendous amount of chemical space. There is a pressing need for novel antibiotics with new mode of actions to combat the growing challenge of multidrug resistant pathogens. This review begins with the pioneering discovery and biological activities of platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN), two antibacterial natural products isolated from Streptomyces platensis. The elucidation of their unique biochemical mode of action, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics is presented to highlight key aspects of their biological activities. It then presents an overview of how microbial genomics has impacted the field of PTM and PTN and revealed paradigm-shifting discoveries in terpenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and antibiotic and antidiabetic therapies. It concludes with a discussion covering the future perspectives of PTM and PTN in regard to natural products discovery, bacterial diterpenoid biosynthesis, and the pharmaceutical promise of PTM and PTN as antibiotics and for the treatment of metabolic disorders. PTM and PTN have inspired new discoveries in chemistry, biology, enzymology, and medicine and will undoubtedly continue to do so.
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Gomes J, Daeppen C, Liffert R, Roesslein J, Kaufmann E, Heikinheimo A, Neuburger M, Gademann K. Formal Total Synthesis of (-)-Jiadifenolide and Synthetic Studies toward seco-Prezizaane-Type Sesquiterpenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11017-11034. [PMID: 27740748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic studies toward highly oxygenated seco-prezizaane sesquiterpenes are reported, which culminated in a formal total synthesis of the neurotrophic agent (-)-jiadifenolide. For the construction of the tricyclic core structure, an unusual intramolecular and diastereoselective Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction involving a ketone as electrophilic coupling partner was developed. In addition, synthetic approaches toward the related natural product (2R)-hydroxy-norneomajucin, featuring a Mn-mediated radical cyclization for the tricycle assembly and a regioselective OH-directed C-H activation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Daeppen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Liffert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Roesslein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elias Kaufmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annakaisa Heikinheimo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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A Review on Platensimycin: A Selective FabF Inhibitor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:9706753. [PMID: 26942008 PMCID: PMC4749828 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9706753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging resistance to existing antibiotics is an inevitable matter of concern in the treatment of bacterial infection. Naturally occurring unique class of natural antibiotic, platensimycin, a secondary metabolite from Streptomyces platensis, is an excellent breakthrough in recent antibiotic research with unique structural pattern and significant antibacterial activity. β-Ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)) synthase (FabF) whose Gram-positive bacteria need to biosynthesize cell membranes is the target of inhibition of platensimycin. So, isolation, retrosynthetic analysis, synthesis of platensimycin, and analogues of platensimycin synthesized till today are the objectives of this review which may be helpful to further investigate and to reveal untouched area on this molecule and to obtain a potential antibacterial lead with enhanced significant antibacterial activity.
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16
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Bloomfield AJ, Chaudhuri S, Mercado BQ, Batista VS, Crabtree RH. Facile solvolysis of a surprisingly twisted tertiary amide. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02449h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A twisted 3° amide is cleaved at the same rate as a methyl ester under alkaline conditions at 22 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Energy Sciences Institute
- Yale University
- West Haven
- USA
- Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science
| | | | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Energy Sciences Institute
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Energy Sciences Institute
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17
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Fair RJ, Tor Y. Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 6:25-64. [PMID: 25232278 PMCID: PMC4159373 DOI: 10.4137/pmc.s14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 841] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dangerous, antibiotic resistant bacteria have been observed with increasing frequency over the past several decades. In this review the factors that have been linked to this phenomenon are addressed. Profiles of bacterial species that are deemed to be particularly concerning at the present time are illustrated. Factors including economic impact, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, morbidity and mortality rates, and means of infection are taken into account. Synchronously with the waxing of bacterial resistance there has been waning antibiotic development. The approaches that scientists are employing in the pursuit of new antibacterial agents are briefly described. The standings of established antibiotic classes as well as potentially emerging classes are assessed with an emphasis on molecules that have been clinically approved or are in advanced stages of development. Historical perspectives, mechanisms of action and resistance, spectrum of activity, and preeminent members of each class are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Fair
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Eey STC, Lear MJ. Total Synthesis of (−)-Platensimycin by Advancing Oxocarbenium- and Iminium-Mediated Catalytic Methods. Chemistry 2014; 20:11556-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Fisher M, Basak R, Kalverda AP, Fishwick CWG, Bruce Turnbull W, Nelson A. Discovery of novel FabF ligands inspired by platensimycin by integrating structure-based design with diversity-oriented synthetic accessibility. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:486-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41975d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Zhu L, Zhou C, Yang W, He S, Cheng GJ, Zhang X, Lee CS. Formal Syntheses of (±)-Platensimycin and (±)-Platencin via a Dual-Mode Lewis Acid Induced Cascade Cyclization Approach. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7912-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401105q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Congshan Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuzhong He
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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21
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Zhu L, Han Y, Du G, Lee CS. A Bifunctional Lewis Acid Induced Cascade Cyclization to the Tricyclic Core of ent-Kaurenoids and Its Application to the Formal Synthesis of (±)-Platensimycin. Org Lett 2013; 15:524-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3033412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yejian Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangyan Du
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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22
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Inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes as anti-infective, anticancer and anti-obesity drugs. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1113-51. [PMID: 22709254 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large range of diseases, such diabetes and cancer, which are connected to abnormal fatty acid metabolism in human cells. Therefore, inhibitors of human fatty acid synthase have great potential to manage or treat these diseases. In prokaryotes, fatty acid synthesis is important for signaling, as well as providing starting materials for the synthesis of phospholipids, which are required for the formation of the cell membrane. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the development of new molecules that target bacterial fatty acid synthases for the treatment of bacterial diseases. In this review, we look at the differences and similarities between fatty acid synthesis in humans and bacteria and highlight various small molecules that have been shown to inhibit either the mammalian or bacterial fatty acid synthase or both.
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23
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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24
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Plesch E, Bracher F, Krauss J. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Platensimycin Analogues. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:657-62. [PMID: 22549797 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Plesch
- Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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25
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Platensimycin and platencin: promising antibiotics for future application in human medicine. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2011; 64:705-10. [PMID: 21915133 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin and platencin are novel antibiotics produced by Streptomyces platensis. They are potent and non-toxic natural products active against Gram-positive pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They were isolated using an intriguing target-based whole-cell antisense differential sensitivity assay as inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis of type II. This type of biosynthesis is not present in humans. Platensimycin inhibits the elongation-condensing enzyme FabF, whereas platencin inhibits both FabF and FabH. For these antibiotics to become successful drugs, their pharmacokinetics must be improved. They have too high a rate of clearance in the body, yielding a low degree of systematic exposure. They work well when administered by continuous infusion, but this is not a useful method of delivery to patients. The two antibiotics and many analogs have been prepared by chemical synthesis. Natural congeners have also been obtained from the producing actinomycete. However, none of these molecules are as active as platensimycin and platencin. Using tools of rational metabolic engineering, superior strains have been produced making hundreds of times more antibiotic than the natural strains.
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26
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Alonso JM. Gold-catalyzed cyclizations of alkynol-based compounds: synthesis of natural products and derivatives. Molecules 2011; 16:7815-43. [PMID: 22143545 PMCID: PMC6264458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed dramatic growth in the number of reactions catalyzed by gold complexes because of their powerful soft Lewis acid nature. In particular, the gold-catalyzed activation of propargylic compounds has progressively emerged in recent years. Some of these gold-catalyzed reactions in alkynes have been optimized and show significant utility in organic synthesis. Thus, apart from significant methodology work, in the meantime gold-catalyzed cyclizations in alkynol derivatives have become an efficient tool in total synthesis. However, there is a lack of specific review articles covering the joined importance of both gold salts and alkynol-based compounds for the synthesis of natural products and derivatives. The aim of this Review is to survey the chemistry of alkynol derivatives under gold-catalyzed cyclization conditions and its utility in total synthesis, concentrating on the advances that have been made in the last decade, and in particular in the last quinquennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Alcaide
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Alonso
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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27
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Patra M, Gasser G, Wenzel M, Merz K, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis of Optically Active Ferrocene-Containing Platensimycin Derivatives with a C6-C7 Substitution Pattern. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Wang J, Sintim HO. Dialkylamino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic Acids as Easily Synthesized Analogues of Platensimycin and Platencin with Comparable Antibacterial Properties. Chemistry 2011; 17:3352-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Zheng JC, Yun SY, Sun C, Lee NK, Lee D. Selectivity Control in Alkylidene Carbene-Mediated C−H Insertion and Allene Formation. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1086-99. [PMID: 21244086 DOI: 10.1021/jo102180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sang Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Chunrui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Nam-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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30
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Hirai S, Nakada M. Enantioselective divergent approaches to both (−)-platensimycin and (−)-platencin. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Saleem M, Hussain H, Ahmed I, van Ree T, Krohn K. Platensimycin and its relatives: A recent story in the struggle to develop new naturally derived antibiotics. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1534-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Palanichamy K, Subrahmanyam AV, Kaliappan KP. A radical cyclization approach to the formal total syntheses of platencin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7877-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Tiefenbacher K, Gollner A, Mulzer J. Syntheses and antibacterial properties of iso-platencin, Cl-iso-platencin and Cl-platencin: identification of a new lead structure. Chemistry 2010; 16:9616-22. [PMID: 20486112 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Platencin is a novel antibiotic which is active against multiresistant pathogens. We describe efficient syntheses of three platencin analogues of varying activities which allow further conclusions about the pharmacophoric part of the molecule. The unnatural antibiotic iso-platencin, which is about as active as natural platencin, but much more selective, was identified as a new lead structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Tiefenbacher
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien, Austria
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34
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Leung GYC, Li H, Toh QY, Ng AMY, Sum RJ, Bandow JE, Chen DYK. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Fab-Inhibitory Antibiotic Platencin and Analogues Thereof. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Patra M, Gasser G, Wenzel M, Merz K, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ferrocene-Containing Bioorganometallics Inspired by the Antibiotic Platensimycin Lead Structure. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100614c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Lehrstuhl für Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Merz
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Lehrstuhl für Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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36
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Hirai S, Nakada M. An enantioselective approach to (−)-platencin via catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Palanichamy K, Kaliappan KP. Discovery and syntheses of "superbug challengers"-platensimycin and platencin. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:668-703. [PMID: 20209576 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have developed resistance to almost all existing antibiotics known today and this has been a major issue over the last few decades. The search for a new class of antibiotics with a new mode of action to fight these multiply-drug-resistant strains, or "superbugs", allowed a team of scientists at Merck to discover two novel antibiotics, platensimycin and platencin using advanced screening strategies, as inhibitors of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, which is essential for the survival of bacteria. Though both these antibiotics are structurally related, they work by slightly different mechanisms and target different enzymes conserved in the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. This Focus Review summarizes the synthetic and biological aspects of these natural products and their analogues and congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalanidhi Palanichamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
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38
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Antibiotic discovery in the twenty-first century: current trends and future perspectives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:423-30. [PMID: 20551985 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
New antibiotics are necessary to treat microbial pathogens that are becoming increasingly resistant to available treatment. Despite the medical need, the number of newly approved drugs continues to decline. We offer an overview of the pipeline for new antibiotics at different stages, from compounds in clinical development to newly discovered chemical classes. Consistent with historical data, the majority of antibiotics under clinical development are natural products or derivatives thereof. However, many of them also represent improved variants of marketed compounds, with the consequent risk of being only partially effective against the prevailing resistance mechanisms. In the discovery arena, instead, compounds with promising activities have been obtained from microbial sources and from chemical modification of antibiotic classes other than those in clinical use. Furthermore, new natural product scaffolds have also been discovered by ingenious screening programs. After providing selected examples, we offer our view on the future of antibiotic discovery.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhao
- Shasun Pharma Solutions, Incorporated, 10 Knightsbridge Road, Pistcataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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40
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Yu Z, Smanski MJ, Peterson RM, Marchillo K, Andes D, Rajski SR, Shen B. Engineering of Streptomyces platensis MA7339 for overproduction of platencin and congeners. Org Lett 2010; 12:1744-7. [PMID: 20232845 PMCID: PMC2855538 DOI: 10.1021/ol100342m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin (1) and platencin (2) are novel antibiotic leads against multidrug resistant pathogens. The production of 2 in Streptomyces platensis MA7339 is under the control of ptnR1, a GntR-like transcriptional regulator. Inactivating ptnR1 afforded S. platensis MA7339 mutant strain SB12600 that overproduces 2 at a titer approximately 100-fold greater than that from the wild-type strain and accumulates platencin A(1) (3) and eight new congeners, platencins A(2)-A(9) (4-11). The isolation, structural elucidation, and antibacterial activity of 4-11, in comparison to 1-3, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Yu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Michael J. Smanski
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Ryan M. Peterson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Karen Marchillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - David Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Scott R. Rajski
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Ben Shen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- University of Wisconsin National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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41
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Zhang C, Ondeyka J, Dietrich L, Gailliot FP, Hesse M, Lester M, Dorso K, Motyl M, Ha SN, Wang J, Singh SB. Isolation, structure and biological activities of platencin A2–A4 from Streptomyces platensis. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2602-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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43
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Jang KP, Kim CH, Na SW, Jang DS, Kim H, Kang H, Lee E. 7-Phenylplatensimycin and 11-methyl-7-phenylplatensimycin: more potent analogs of platensimycin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2156-8. [PMID: 20207542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl ylide cycloaddition strategy was employed in the synthesis of platensimycin analogs. 7-Phenylplatensimycin and 11-methyl-7-phenylplatensimycin are more potent analogs of platensimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Po Jang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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44
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Nicolaou KC, Li A, Edmonds DJ, Tria GS, Ellery SP. Total synthesis of platensimycin and related natural products. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16905-18. [PMID: 19874023 PMCID: PMC2783699 DOI: 10.1021/ja9068003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin is the flagship member of a new and growing class of antibiotics with promising antibacterial properties against drug-resistant bacteria. The total syntheses of platensimycin and its congeners, platensimycins B(1) and B(3), platensic acid, methyl platensinoate, platensimide A, homoplatensimide A, and homoplatensimide A methyl ester, are described. The convergent strategy developed toward these target molecules involved construction of their cage-like core followed by attachment of the various side chains through amide bond formation. In addition to a racemic synthesis, two asymmetric routes to the core structure are described: one exploiting a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric cycloisomerization, and another employing a hypervalent iodine-mediated de-aromatizing cyclization of an enantiopure substrate. The final two bonds of the core structure were forged through a samarium diiodide-mediated ketyl radical cyclization and an acid-catalyzed etherification. The rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric reaction involving a terminal acetylene was developed as a general method for the asymmetric cycloisomerization of terminal enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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45
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Nicolaou KC, Tria GS, Edmonds DJ, Kar M. Total syntheses of (+/-)-platencin and (-)-platencin. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15909-17. [PMID: 19824676 PMCID: PMC2783895 DOI: 10.1021/ja906801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The secondary metabolites platensimycin and platencin, isolated from the bacterial strain Streptomyces platensis, represent a novel class of natural products exhibiting unique and potent antibacterial activity. Platencin, though structurally similar to platensimycin, has been found to operate through a slightly different mechanism of action involving the dual inhibition of lipid elongation enzymes FabF and FabH. Both natural products exhibit strong, broad-spectrum, gram-positive antibacterial activity to key antibiotic resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Described herein are our synthetic efforts toward platencin, culminating in both racemic and asymmetric preparation of the natural product. The syntheses demonstrate the power of the cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction and the one-pot reductive rearrangement of [3.2.1] bicyclic ketones to [2.2.2] bicyclic olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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46
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Patra M, Gasser G, Pinto A, Merz K, Ott I, Bandow J, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Chromium Bioorganometallics Based on the Antibiotic Platensimycin Lead Structure. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1930-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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McGrath N, Bartlett E, Sittihan S, Njardarson J. A Concise Ring-Expansion Route to the Compact Core of Platensimycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Isolation, enzyme-bound structure and antibacterial activity of platencin A1 from Streptomyces platensis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4756-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Ghosh A, Xi K. A Symmetry-Based Concise Formal Synthesis of Platencin, a Novel Lead against “Superbugs”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Isoplatensimycin: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4601-2. [PMID: 19604693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Isoplatensimycin, a novel analog of platensimycin, was synthesized via intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of a carbonyl ylide. Isoplatensimycin showed little activities against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, but exhibited activities against some vancomycin-resistant enteroccoci.
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