1
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Kissman EN, Sosa MB, Millar DC, Koleski EJ, Thevasundaram K, Chang MCY. Expanding chemistry through in vitro and in vivo biocatalysis. Nature 2024; 631:37-48. [PMID: 38961155 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Living systems contain a vast network of metabolic reactions, providing a wealth of enzymes and cells as potential biocatalysts for chemical processes. The properties of protein and cell biocatalysts-high selectivity, the ability to control reaction sequence and operation in environmentally benign conditions-offer approaches to produce molecules at high efficiency while lowering the cost and environmental impact of industrial chemistry. Furthermore, biocatalysis offers the opportunity to generate chemical structures and functions that may be inaccessible to chemical synthesis. Here we consider developments in enzymes, biosynthetic pathways and cellular engineering that enable their use in catalysis for new chemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah N Kissman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Max B Sosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Millar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Koleski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle C Y Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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2
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Bradley SA, Hansson FG, Lehka BJ, Rago D, Pinho P, Peng H, Adhikari KB, Haidar AK, Hansen LG, Volkova D, Holtz M, Muyo Abad S, Ma X, Koudounas K, Besseau S, Gautron N, Mélin C, Marc J, Birer Williams C, Courdavault V, Jensen ED, Keasling JD, Zhang J, Jensen MK. Yeast Platforms for Production and Screening of Bioactive Derivatives of Rauwolscine. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1498-1512. [PMID: 38635307 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) make up a highly bioactive class of metabolites produced by a range of tropical and subtropical plants. The corynanthe-type MIAs are a stereochemically complex subclass with therapeutic potential against a large number of indications including cancer, psychotic disorders, and erectile dysfunction. Here, we report yeast-based cell factories capable of de novo production of corynanthe-type MIAs rauwolscine, yohimbine, tetrahydroalstonine, and corynanthine. From this, we demonstrate regioselective biosynthesis of 4 fluorinated derivatives of these compounds and de novo biosynthesis of 7-chlororauwolscine by coexpression of a halogenase with the biosynthetic pathway. Finally, we capitalize on the ability of these cell factories to produce derivatives of these bioactive scaffolds to establish a proof-of-principle drug discovery pipeline in which the corynanthe-type MIAs are screened for bioactivity on human drug targets, expressed in yeast. In doing so, we identify antagonistic and agonistic behavior against the human adrenergic G protein-coupled receptors ADRA2A and ADRA2B, and the serotonergic receptor 5HT4b, respectively. This study thus demonstrates a proto-drug discovery pipeline for bioactive plant-inspired small molecules based on one-pot biocatalysis of natural and new-to-nature corynanthe-type MIAs in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Bradley
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik G Hansson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beata J Lehka
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniela Rago
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huadong Peng
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ahmad K Haidar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lea G Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomia ApS, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daria Volkova
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maxence Holtz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sergi Muyo Abad
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xin Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Gautron
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Céline Mélin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Jillian Marc
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Caroline Birer Williams
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Emil D Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608,United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomia ApS, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael K Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomia ApS, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Gallarati S, van Gerwen P, Laplaza R, Brey L, Makaveev A, Corminboeuf C. A genetic optimization strategy with generality in asymmetric organocatalysis as a primary target. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3640-3660. [PMID: 38455002 PMCID: PMC10915838 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A catalyst possessing a broad substrate scope, in terms of both turnover and enantioselectivity, is sometimes called "general". Despite their great utility in asymmetric synthesis, truly general catalysts are difficult or expensive to discover via traditional high-throughput screening and are, therefore, rare. Existing computational tools accelerate the evaluation of reaction conditions from a pre-defined set of experiments to identify the most general ones, but cannot generate entirely new catalysts with enhanced substrate breadth. For these reasons, we report an inverse design strategy based on the open-source genetic algorithm NaviCatGA and on the OSCAR database of organocatalysts to simultaneously probe the catalyst and substrate scope and optimize generality as a primary target. We apply this strategy to the Pictet-Spengler condensation, for which we curate a database of 820 reactions, used to train statistical models of selectivity and activity. Starting from OSCAR, we define a combinatorial space of millions of catalyst possibilities, and perform evolutionary experiments on a diverse substrate scope that is representative of the whole chemical space of tetrahydro-β-carboline products. While privileged catalysts emerge, we show how genetic optimization can address the broader question of generality in asymmetric synthesis, extracting structure-performance relationships from the challenging areas of chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Puck van Gerwen
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lucien Brey
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alexander Makaveev
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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4
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Nitin K, Rajakumara E. Proxy-approach in understanding the bisubstrate activity of strictosidine synthases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130091. [PMID: 38354931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Besides tryptamine (1) and secologanin (2), non-cognate substrates also undergo a Pictet-Spengler reaction (PSR) catalyzed by strictosidine synthases (STR) with differing catalytic properties. We characterized the bisubstrate binding aspect of catalysis - order, affinity, and cooperativity - with STR orthologs from Rauvolfia serpentina (RsSTR) and Ophiorrhiza pumila (OpSTR) by an isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) based 'proxy approach' that employed a non-reactive tryptamine analog (m1) to capture its inert ternary complexes with STRs and (2). ITC studies with OpSTR and (2) revealed 'tryptamine-first' cooperative binding with (1) and a simultaneous cooperative binding with (m1). Binding cooperativity among (m1) and (2) towards OpSTR was higher than RsSTR. Crystallographic study of RsSTR-(m1) complex helped to understand the unreactive binding of (m1) in terms of orientation and interactions in the RsSTR pocket. PSR with (m1) was revealed to be energetically unfeasible by the density functional theory (DFT) scans of the first hydrogen abstraction by RsSTR. The effect of pH on the bisubstrate binding to OpSTR was deciphered by molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), which also provided a molecular basis for the stability of complex of OpSTR with (m1) and (2). Therefore, we investigated STRs from a substrate binding perspective to inform drug-design and rational enzyme engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulhar Nitin
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Eerappa Rajakumara
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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5
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Bradley SA, Lehka BJ, Hansson FG, Adhikari KB, Rago D, Rubaszka P, Haidar AK, Chen L, Hansen LG, Gudich O, Giannakou K, Lengger B, Gill RT, Nakamura Y, de Bernonville TD, Koudounas K, Romero-Suarez D, Ding L, Qiao Y, Frimurer TM, Petersen AA, Besseau S, Kumar S, Gautron N, Melin C, Marc J, Jeanneau R, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V, Keasling JD, Zhang J, Jensen MK. Biosynthesis of natural and halogenated plant monoterpene indole alkaloids in yeast. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1551-1560. [PMID: 37932529 PMCID: PMC10667104 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) represent a large class of plant natural products with marketed pharmaceutical activities against a wide range of indications, including cancer, malaria and hypertension. Halogenated MIAs have shown improved pharmaceutical properties; however, synthesis of new-to-nature halogenated MIAs remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a platform for de novo biosynthesis of two MIAs, serpentine and alstonine, in baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and deploy it to systematically explore the biocatalytic potential of refactored MIA pathways for the production of halogenated MIAs. From this, we demonstrate conversion of individual haloindole derivatives to a total of 19 different new-to-nature haloserpentine and haloalstonine analogs. Furthermore, by process optimization and heterologous expression of a modified halogenase in the microbial MIA platform, we document de novo halogenation and biosynthesis of chloroalstonine. Together, this study highlights a microbial platform for enzymatic exploration and production of complex natural and new-to-nature MIAs with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Bradley
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beata J Lehka
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik G Hansson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniela Rago
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paulina Rubaszka
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ahmad K Haidar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ling Chen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lea G Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olga Gudich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Konstantina Giannakou
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bettina Lengger
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ryan T Gill
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - David Romero-Suarez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yijun Qiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja A Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Gautron
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Celine Melin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jillian Marc
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Michael K Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Suresh PS, Kumari S, Sahal D, Sharma U. Innate functions of natural products: A promising path for the identification of novel therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115748. [PMID: 37666044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In the course of evolution, living organisms have become well equipped with diverse natural products that serve important functions, including defence from biotic and abiotic stress, growth regulation, reproduction, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. It seems to be the organism's ecological niche that influences the natural product's structural and functional diversity. Indeed, natural products constitute the nuts and bolts of molecular co-evolution and ecological relationships among different life forms. Since natural products in the form of specialized secondary metabolites exhibit biological functions via interactions with specific target proteins, they can provide a simultaneous glimpse of both new therapeutics and therapeutic targets in humans as well. In this review, we have discussed the innate role of natural products in the ecosystem and how this intrinsic role provides a futuristic opportunity to identify new drugs and therapeutic targets rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Surekha Kumari
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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7
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Zhao W, Lu Y, Qiao Y, Yin X, Liu C, Fang Z, Zhu J, Guo K. Electrosynthesis of Spiro-indolenines via Dearomative Arylation of Indoles in Batch and Continuous Flow. Org Lett 2023; 25:7451-7456. [PMID: 37791903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
An electrosynthesis of spiro-indolenines in batch and continuous flow was achieved through dearomative arylation of indoles with good functional group compatibility. User-friendly undivided cells were used under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions. Moreover, the use of a flow electrolysis cell gave high daily productivity and excellent scale-up potential under less supporting electrolyte and higher substrate concentration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yi Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yaqi Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xing Yin
- Intervention Therapy Department, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing 222042, China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianliang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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8
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Mou M, Zhang C, Zhang S, Chen F, Su H, Sheng X. Uncovering the Mechanism of Azepino-Indole Skeleton Formation via Pictet-Spengler Reaction by Strictosidine Synthase: A Quantum Chemical Investigation. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300043. [PMID: 37248801 PMCID: PMC10233217 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Strictosidine synthase (STR) catalyzes the Pictet-Spengler (PS) reaction of tryptamine and secologanin to produce strictosidine. Recent studies demonstrated that the enzyme can also catalyze the reaction of non-natural substrates to form new alkaloid skeletons. For example, the PS condensation of 1H-indole-4-ethanamine with secologanin could be promoted by the STR from Rauvolfia serpentina (RsSTR) to generate a rare class of skeletons with a seven-membered ring, namely azepino-[3,4,5-cd]-indoles, which are precursors for the synthesis of new compounds displaying antimalarial activity. In the present study, the detailed reaction mechanism of RsSTR-catalyzed formation of the rare seven-membered azepino-indole skeleton through the PS reaction was revealed at the atomic level by quantum chemical calculations. The structures of the transition states and intermediates involved in the reaction pathway were optimized, and the energetics of the complete reaction were analyzed. Based on our calculation results, the most likely pathway of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was determined, and the rate-determining step of the reaction was clarified. The mechanistic details obtained in the present study are important in understanding the promiscuous activity of RsSTR in the formation of the rare azepino-indole skeleton molecule and are also helpful in designing STR enzymes for the synthesis of other new alkaloid skeleton molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Mou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin300308P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences19 A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P.R. China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin300308P.R. China
- School of PharmacyNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong637100P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin300308P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic BiologyNational Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes and Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon ManufacturingTianjin300308P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin300308P.R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin300308P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences19 A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic BiologyNational Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes and Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon ManufacturingTianjin300308P.R. China
| | - Xiang Sheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin300308P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences19 A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic BiologyNational Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes and Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon ManufacturingTianjin300308P.R. China
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9
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Kulhar N, Rajakumara E. Binding order and apparent binding affinity in the bisubstrate activity of strictosidine synthase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15634-15646. [PMID: 36943789 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The Rauvolfia serpentina strictosidine synthase (RsSTR) enzyme with a bisubstrate activity is central to monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthesis pathways, as it stereoselectively condenses the terpenoid and indole metabolites, secologanin and tryptamine, respectively, into strictosidine. Here, cooperativity was aimed to be deciphered by proxy with help of a non-substrate tryptamine analog (decoy compound) to allow a bisubstrate binding without reaction, facilitating an isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)-based analysis of the effect of the presence of one substrate on the binding of the other. Tryptamine and tryptamine analog bound to RsSTR with similar binding affinities (Kd). On the contrary, ITC revealed an exothermic titration of secologanin to RsSTR but could not fully quantify it because of weak binding. Interestingly, secologanin bound to RsSTR with an apparent binding affinity (Kd,app) of 212.1 μM in the presence of the decoy compound, as opposed to a lack of binding to RsSTR alone, strongly suggesting a "tryptamine-first" mode of binding. Conversely, binding of tryptamine analog in the presence of secologanin was enhanced >3-fold. Further, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) analyses revealed the conformational flexibility needed for such cooperativity. Our binding studies complemented with the computational analyses suggested cooperativity in the ordered bisubstrate binding to RsSTR. Therefore, understanding thermodynamics and cooperativity in the binding of substrates or ligands would help to unravel the mechanism of enzyme catalysis and ligand-receptor interactions, and would guide the redesign of enzymes for enhanced properties and the design of inhibitors against enzymes and receptors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kulhar
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Eerappa Rajakumara
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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10
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Walsh CT. Tailoring enzyme strategies and functional groups in biosynthetic pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:326-386. [PMID: 36268810 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2022Secondary metabolites are assembled by drawing off and committing some of the flux of primary metabolic building blocks to sets of enzymes that tailor the maturing scaffold to increase architectural and framework complexity, often balancing hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. In this review we examine the small number of chemical strategies that tailoring enzymes employ in maturation of scaffolds. These strategies depend both on the organic functional groups present at each metabolic stage and one of two tailoring enzyme strategies. Nonoxidative tailoring enzymes typically transfer electrophilic fragments, acyl, alkyl and glycosyl groups, from a small set of thermodynamically activated but kinetically stable core metabolites. Oxidative tailoring enzymes can be oxygen-independent or oxygen-dependent. The oxygen independent oxidoreductases are often reversible nicotinamide-utilizing redox catalysts, flipping the nucleophilicity and electrophilicity of functional groups in pathway intermediates. O2-dependent oxygenases, both mono- and dioxygenases, act by orthogonal, one electron strategies, generating carbon radical species. At sp3 substrate carbons, product alcohols may then behave as nucleophiles for subsequent waves of enzymatic tailoring. At sp2 carbons in olefins, electrophilic epoxides have opposite reactivity and often function as "disappearing groups", opened by intramolecular nucleophiles during metabolite maturation. "Thwarted" oxygenases generate radical intermediates that rearrange internally and are not captured oxygenatively.
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11
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Wang X, Kong D, Huang T, Xu F, Tang MC, Deng Z, Lin S. Flavoprotein StnP2 Catalyzes the β-Carboline Formation during the Streptonigrin Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3499-3506. [PMID: 36409520 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
β-Carboline (βC) alkaloids constitute a large family of indole alkaloids that exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities. Here, we report that a flavoprotein StnP2 catalyzes the dehydrogenation at C1-N2 of a tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) generating a 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline (DHβC), and the DHβC subsequently undergoes a spontaneous dehydrogenation to βC formation involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor agent streptonigrin. Biochemical characterization showed that StnP2 catalyzed the highly regio- and stereo-selective dehydrogenation, and StnP2 exhibits promiscuity toward different THβCs. This study provides an alternative kind of enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of βC alkaloids and enhances the importance of flavoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dekun Kong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Man-Cheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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Cuello C, Stander EA, Jansen HJ, Dugé de Bernonville T, Lanoue A, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Papon N, Dirks RP, Jensen MK, O'Connor SE, Besseau S, Courdavault V. Genome Assembly of the Medicinal Plant Voacanga thouarsii. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:evac158. [PMID: 36300641 PMCID: PMC9673491 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apocynaceae tree Voacanga thouarsii, native to southern Africa and Madagascar, produces monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA), which are specialized metabolites with a wide range of bioactive properties. Voacanga species mainly accumulates tabersonine in seeds making these species valuable medicinal plants currently used for industrial MIA production. Despite their importance, the MIA biosynthesis in Voacanga species remains poorly studied. Here, we report the first genome assembly and annotation of a Voacanga species. The combined assembly of Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-reads and Illumina short-reads resulted in 3,406 scaffolds with a total length of 1,354.26 Mb and an N50 of 3.04 Mb. A total of 33,300 protein-coding genes were predicted and functionally annotated. These genes were then used to establish gene families and to investigate gene family expansion and contraction across the phylogenetic tree. A transposable element (TE) analysis showed the highest proportion of TE in Voacanga thouarsii compared with all other MIA-producing plants. In a nutshell, this first reference genome of V. thouarsii will thus contribute to strengthen future comparative and evolutionary studies in MIA-producing plants leading to a better understanding of MIA pathway evolution. This will also allow the potential identification of new MIA biosynthetic genes for metabolic engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Cuello
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emily Amor Stander
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Hans J Jansen
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Krogh Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Ellen O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
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13
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Zeng J, Li J, Huang B, Li J, Cai M. A practical access to 1,2-dicarbonyls via oxidation of alkynes catalyzed by gold(I) immobilized on MCM-41. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Li XH, Yang GC, Gong JF, Song MP. Copper-catalyzed regioselective C2-H chlorination of indoles with para-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4815-4825. [PMID: 35648132 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed, pyrimidine directed regioselective C-H chlorination of indoles with para-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl) has been developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of 20 mol% of Cu(OAc)2 as the catalyst and TsCl as the chlorine source, delivering C2-chlorinated indoles with structural diversity in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggested that single electron transfer (SET) from Cu(II) to TsCl accompanied by the release of the p-toluenesulfonyl radical and the related Cu(III)Cl species might be involved in the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Guang-Chao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jun-Fang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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15
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Andres R, Wang Q, Zhu J. Catalytic Enantioselective Pictet-Spengler Reaction of α-Ketoamides Catalyzed by a Single H-Bond Donor Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201788. [PMID: 35225416 PMCID: PMC9313548 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction (PSR) with aldehydes is well known. However, PSR involving ketones as electrophilic partners is far-less developed. We report herein the first examples of catalytic enantioselective PSR of tryptamines with α-ketoamides. A new class of easily accessible prolyl-urea organocatalysts bearing a single H-bond donor function catalyzes the title reaction to afford 1,1-disubstituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The kinetic isotope effect using C2-deuterium-labelled tryptamine indicates that the rearomatization of the pentahydro-β-carbolinium ion intermediate might be the rate- and the enantioselectivity-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Andres
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, 1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, 1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, 1015LausanneSwitzerland
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16
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Zetzsche LE, Chakrabarty S, Narayan ARH. The Transformative Power of Biocatalysis in Convergent Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5214-5225. [PMID: 35290055 PMCID: PMC10082969 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Achieving convergent synthetic strategies has long been a gold standard in constructing complex molecular skeletons, allowing for the rapid generation of complexity in comparatively streamlined synthetic routes. Traditionally, biocatalysis has not played a prominent role in convergent laboratory synthesis, with the application of biocatalysts in convergent strategies primarily limited to the synthesis of chiral fragments. Although the use of enzymes to enable convergent synthetic approaches is relatively new and emerging, combining the efficiency of convergent transformations with the selectivity achievable through biocatalysis creates new opportunities for efficient synthetic strategies. This Perspective provides an overview of recent developments in biocatalytic strategies for convergent transformations and offers insights into the advantages of these methods compared to their small molecule-based counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E. Zetzsche
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Suman Chakrabarty
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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17
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Andres R, Wang Q, Zhu J. Catalytic Enantioselective Pictet–Spengler Reaction of α‐Ketoamides Catalyzed by a Single H‐Bond Donor Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Andres
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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18
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Kang SH, Lee WH, Sim JS, Thaku N, Chang S, Hong JP, Oh TJ. De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Senna occidentalis Sheds Light on the Anthraquinone Biosynthesis Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:773553. [PMID: 35046973 PMCID: PMC8761625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.773553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Senna occidentalis is an annual leguminous herb that is rich in anthraquinones, which have various pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the genetics of S. occidentalis, particularly its anthraquinone biosynthesis pathway. To broaden our understanding of the key genes and regulatory mechanisms involved in the anthraquinone biosynthesis pathway, we used short RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) to perform a spatial and temporal transcriptomic analysis of S. occidentalis. This generated 121,592 RNA-Seq unigenes and 38,440 Iso-Seq unigenes. Comprehensive functional annotation and classification of these datasets using public databases identified unigene sequences related to major secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways and critical transcription factor families (bHLH, WRKY, MYB, and bZIP). A tissue-specific differential expression analysis of S. occidentalis and measurement of the amount of anthraquinones revealed that anthraquinone accumulation was related to the gene expression levels in the different tissues. In addition, the amounts and types of anthraquinones produced differ between S. occidentalis and S. tora. In conclusion, these results provide a broader understanding of the anthraquinone metabolic pathway in S. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kang
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Woo-Haeng Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Joon-Soo Sim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Niha Thaku
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Saemin Chang
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Hong
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan, South Korea
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan, South Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan, South Korea
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19
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MacAlpine J, Daniel-Ivad M, Liu Z, Yano J, Revie NM, Todd RT, Stogios PJ, Sanchez H, O'Meara TR, Tompkins TA, Savchenko A, Selmecki A, Veri AO, Andes DR, Fidel PL, Robbins N, Nodwell J, Whitesell L, Cowen LE. A small molecule produced by Lactobacillus species blocks Candida albicans filamentation by inhibiting a DYRK1-family kinase. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6151. [PMID: 34686660 PMCID: PMC8536679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can exploit imbalances in microbiome composition to invade its human host, causing pathologies ranging from vaginal candidiasis to fungal sepsis. Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are colonizers of human mucosa and can produce compounds with bioactivity against C. albicans. Here, we show that some Lactobacillus species produce a small molecule under laboratory conditions that blocks the C. albicans yeast-to-filament transition, an important virulence trait. It remains unexplored whether the compound is produced in the context of the human host. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Lactobacillus-conditioned medium linked this activity to 1-acetyl-β-carboline (1-ABC). We use genetic approaches to show that filamentation inhibition by 1-ABC requires Yak1, a DYRK1-family kinase. Additional biochemical characterization of structurally related 1-ethoxycarbonyl-β-carboline confirms that it inhibits Yak1 and blocks C. albicans biofilm formation. Thus, our findings reveal Lactobacillus-produced 1-ABC can prevent the yeast-to-filament transition in C. albicans through inhibition of Yak1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie MacAlpine
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zhongle Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junko Yano
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicole M Revie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert T Todd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter J Stogios
- BioZone, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiram Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Teresa R O'Meara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas A Tompkins
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- BioZone, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Selmecki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amanda O Veri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul L Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Nodwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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20
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Liu S, Mao H, Qiao J, Zhang X, Lu Y, Gong X, Jia A, Gu L, Wu X, Zhao F. Temperature‐Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes and Pyrrolo[1,2‐
a
]indole Derivatives via Iridium Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue Chengdu 610106 P. R. China
- Jinhua Branch Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University 888 West Hai Tang Road Jinhua 321007 P. R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmacy Jinhua Polytechnic 888 West Hai Tang Road Jinhua 321007 P. R. China
| | - Jin Qiao
- Jinhua Branch Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University 888 West Hai Tang Road Jinhua 321007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Jinhua Branch Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University 888 West Hai Tang Road Jinhua 321007 P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Lu
- Jinhua Branch Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University 888 West Hai Tang Road Jinhua 321007 P. R. China
| | - Xin Gong
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue Chengdu 610106 P. R. China
| | - Aiqiong Jia
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue Chengdu 610106 P. R. China
| | - Linghui Gu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue Chengdu 610106 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan 528400 P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue Chengdu 610106 P. R. China
- Jinhua Branch Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University 888 West Hai Tang Road Jinhua 321007 P. R. China
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21
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Recent advances in biocatalysis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107813. [PMID: 34450199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles (N-heterocycles) are ubiquitous in both organisms and pharmaceutical products. Biocatalysts are providing green approaches for synthesizing various N-heterocycles under mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes the recent advances in the biocatalysis of N-heterocycles through the discovery and engineering of natural N-heterocycle synthetic pathway, and the design of artificial synthetic routes, with an emphasis on biocatalysts applied in retrosynthetic design for preparing complex N-heterocycles. Furthermore, this review discusses the future prospects and challenges of biocatalysts involved in the synthesis of N-heterocycles.
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22
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Strictosidine synthase, an indispensable enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole and β-carboline alkaloids. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:591-607. [PMID: 34419259 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoid indole (TIAs) and β-carboline alkaloids (BCAs), such as suppressant reserpine, vasodilatory yohimbine, and antimalarial quinine, are natural compounds derived from strictosidine. These compounds can exert powerful pharmacological effects but be obtained from limited source in nature. the whole biosynthetic pathway of TIAs and BCAs, The Pictet-Spengler reaction catalyzed by strictosidine synthase (STR; EC: 4.3.3.2) is the rate-limiting step. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate their biosynthesis pathways, especially the role of STR, and related findings will support the biosynthetic generation of natural and unnatural compounds. This review summarizes the latest studies concerning the function of STR in TIA and BCA biosynthesis, and illustrates the compounds derived from strictosidine. The substrate specificity of STR based on its structure is also summarized. Proteins that contain six-bladed four-stranded β-propeller folds in many organisms, other than plants, are listed. The presence of these folds may lead to similar functions among organisms. The expression of STR gene can greatly influence the production of many compounds. STR is mainly applied to product various valuable drugs in plant cell suspension culture and biosynthesis in other carriers.
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23
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymkatalysierte späte Modifizierungen: Besser spät als nie. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:16962-16993. [PMID: 38505660 PMCID: PMC10946893 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDie Enzymkatalyse gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Synthesechemie. Die durch Bioinformatik und Enzym‐Engineering stetig wachsende Zahl von Biokatalysatoren eröffnet eine große Vielfalt selektiver Reaktionen. Insbesondere für späte Funktionalisierungsreaktionen ist die Biokatalyse ein geeignetes Werkzeug, das oftmals der konventionellen De‐novo‐Synthese überlegen ist. Enzyme haben sich als nützlich erwiesen, um funktionelle Gruppen direkt in komplexe Molekülgerüste einzuführen sowie für die rasche Diversifizierung von Substanzbibliotheken. Biokatalytische Oxyfunktionalisierungen, Halogenierungen, Methylierungen, Reduktionen und Amidierungen sind von besonderem Interesse, da diese Strukturmotive häufig in Pharmazeutika vertreten sind. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Stärken und Schwächen der enzymkatalysierten späten Modifizierungen durch native und optimierte Enzyme in der Synthesechemie. Ebenso werden wichtige Beispiele in der Wirkstoffentwicklung hervorgehoben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
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24
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymatic Late-Stage Modifications: Better Late Than Never. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16824-16855. [PMID: 33453143 PMCID: PMC8359417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis is gaining increasing importance in synthetic chemistry. Nowadays, the growing number of biocatalysts accessible by means of bioinformatics and enzyme engineering opens up an immense variety of selective reactions. Biocatalysis especially provides excellent opportunities for late-stage modification often superior to conventional de novo synthesis. Enzymes have proven to be useful for direct introduction of functional groups into complex scaffolds, as well as for rapid diversification of compound libraries. Particularly important and highly topical are enzyme-catalysed oxyfunctionalisations, halogenations, methylations, reductions, and amide bond formations due to the high prevalence of these motifs in pharmaceuticals. This Review gives an overview of the strengths and limitations of enzymatic late-stage modifications using native and engineered enzymes in synthesis while focusing on important examples in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
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25
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Zhao F, Qiao J, Lu Y, Zhang X, Dai L, Liu S, Ni H, Jia X, Wu X, Lu S. Redox-Neutral Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Chemospecific and Regiospecific [4+1] Annulation between Indoles and Alkenes for the Synthesis of Functionalized Imidazo[1,5- a]indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10591-10607. [PMID: 34297561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting internal alkenes embedded with an oxidizing function/leaving group as a rare and unconventional one-carbon unit, a redox-neutral rhodium(III)-catalyzed chemo- and regiospecific [4+1] annulation between indoles and alkenes for the synthesis of functionalized imidazo[1,5-a]indoles has been achieved. Internal alkenes employed here can fulfill an unusual [4+1] annulation rather than normal [4+2] annulation/C-H alkenylation. This method is characterized by excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, good to high yields, and redox-neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.,Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China
| | - Jin Qiao
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Lu
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China
| | - Long Dai
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China
| | - Hangcheng Ni
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwen Jia
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, P. R. China
| | - Shiyao Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.,Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China
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26
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Jamieson CS, Misa J, Tang Y, Billingsley JM. Biosynthesis and synthetic biology of psychoactive natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6950-7008. [PMID: 33908526 PMCID: PMC8217322 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychoactive natural products play an integral role in the modern world. The tremendous structural complexity displayed by such molecules confers diverse biological activities of significant medicinal value and sociocultural impact. Accordingly, in the last two centuries, immense effort has been devoted towards establishing how plants, animals, and fungi synthesize complex natural products from simple metabolic precursors. The recent explosion of genomics data and molecular biology tools has enabled the identification of genes encoding proteins that catalyze individual biosynthetic steps. Once fully elucidated, the "biosynthetic pathways" are often comparable to organic syntheses in elegance and yield. Additionally, the discovery of biosynthetic enzymes provides powerful catalysts which may be repurposed for synthetic biology applications, or implemented with chemoenzymatic synthetic approaches. In this review, we discuss the progress that has been made toward biosynthetic pathway elucidation amongst four classes of psychoactive natural products: hallucinogens, stimulants, cannabinoids, and opioids. Compounds of diverse biosynthetic origin - terpene, amino acid, polyketide - are identified, and notable mechanisms of key scaffold transforming steps are highlighted. We also provide a description of subsequent applications of the biosynthetic machinery, with an emphasis placed on the synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies enabling heterologous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper S Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Joshua Misa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - John M Billingsley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. and Invizyne Technologies, Inc., Monrovia, CA, USA
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27
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Yu Y, Bao M, Cai X. Discovery of Natural Co‐occurring Enantiomers of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
| | - Mei‐Fen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
| | - Xiang‐Hai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
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28
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Trenti F, Yamamoto K, Hong B, Paetz C, Nakamura Y, O'Connor SE. Early and Late Steps of Quinine Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2021; 23:1793-1797. [PMID: 33625237 PMCID: PMC7944568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The enzymatic basis
for quinine 1 biosynthesis was
investigated. Transcriptomic data from the producing plant led to
the discovery of three enzymes involved in the early and late steps
of the pathway. A medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (CpDCS) and an
esterase (CpDCE) yielded the biosynthetic intermediate dihydrocorynantheal 2 from strictosidine aglycone 3. Additionally,
the discovery of an O-methyltransferase specific
for 6′-hydroxycinchoninone 4 suggested the final
step order to be cinchoninone 16/17 hydroxylation, methylation,
and keto-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trenti
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benke Hong
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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29
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Gholap SS, Kadu VR. Natural surfactants assisted an efficient synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolines. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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30
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Eger E, Schrittwieser JH, Wetzl D, Iding H, Kuhn B, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Biocatalytic Synthesis of 1-Aryltetrahydro-β-carbolines Enabled by "Substrate Walking". Chemistry 2020; 26:16281-16285. [PMID: 33017078 PMCID: PMC7756766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective catalysts for the Pictet-Spengler reaction of tryptamines and aldehydes may allow a simple and fast approach to chiral 1-substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines. Although biocatalysts have previously been employed for the Pictet-Spengler reaction, not a single one accepts benzaldehyde and its substituted derivatives. To address this challenge, a combination of substrate walking and transfer of beneficial mutations between different wild-type backbones was used to develop a strictosidine synthase from Rauvolfia serpentina (RsSTR) into a suitable enzyme for the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler condensation of tryptamine and benzaldehyde derivatives. The double variant RsSTR V176L/V208A accepted various ortho-, meta- and para-substituted benzaldehydes and produced the corresponding chiral 1-aryl-tetrahydro-β-carbolines with up to 99 % enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Eger
- Institute of Chemistry, Biocatalytic SynthesisUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Institute of Chemistry, Biocatalytic SynthesisUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Dennis Wetzl
- Process Chemistry & CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Grenzacherstrasse 1244070BaselSwitzerland
| | - Hans Iding
- Process Chemistry & CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Grenzacherstrasse 1244070BaselSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Pharma Research & Early DevelopmentF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Grenzacherstrasse 1244070BaselSwitzerland
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, Biocatalytic SynthesisUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz8010GrazAustria
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31
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Sheng X, Himo F. Computational Study of Pictet–Spenglerase Strictosidine Synthase: Reaction Mechanism and Origins of Enantioselectivity of Natural and Non-Natural Substrates. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Chen L, Zhang L, Tian Y, Li J, Liu Y. Copper/Iodine‐Cocatalyzed C‐C Cleavage of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Toward 1,2‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Sha Chen
- Occupational Medicine Monitoring Station Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi 330006 Nanchang China
| | - Lu‐Bing Zhang
- Occupational Medicine Monitoring Station Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi 330006 Nanchang China
| | - Yue Tian
- Occupational Medicine Monitoring Station Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi 330006 Nanchang China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University 330063 Nanchang China
| | - Yong‐Quan Liu
- Occupational Medicine Monitoring Station Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi 330006 Nanchang China
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33
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Sahay A, Piprodhe A, Pise M. In silico analysis and homology modeling of strictosidine synthase involved in alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus. JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 18:44. [PMID: 32857261 PMCID: PMC7455670 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background In this study, strictosidine synthase (STR) from Catharanthus roseus that plays an important role in alkaloid biosynthesis was selected. The purpose of this work was to perform in silico analysis and to predict the three-dimensional structure of this protein that is not available. Results Physicochemical characterization was performed by Expasy’s Protparam server. The computed theoretical isoelectric point (pI) found to be less than 7 indicates the acidic nature of this protein. The aliphatic index 73.04 indicates the thermal stability of the protein. Grand average hydropathy (GRAVY) was predicted to be − 285; this lower value of GRAVY shows the possibility of better interaction of this protein with water. Functional analysis of these proteins was performed by SOSUI server which predicted the transmembrane helix. Secondary structure analysis was carried out by SOPMA that revealed that Alpha helix dominated among secondary structure elements followed by random coil, extended strand, and beta turns. The modeling of the three-dimensional structure of the STR was performed by Swiss model. The model was validated using protein structure checking tools PROCHECK and PROVE. Conclusions This study reveals in silico analysis by Expasy Protparam server, SOPMA, and SOSUI server. Homology modeling of STR was performed by Swiss model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Sahay
- Department of Biochemistry, Hislop College, Temple Road, Civil Lines, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440001, India. .,Dr. D Y Patil ACS College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India.
| | - Anil Piprodhe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hislop College, Temple Road, Civil Lines, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440001, India
| | - Mashitha Pise
- Department of Biochemistry, Hislop College, Temple Road, Civil Lines, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440001, India
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34
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Lichman BR. The scaffold-forming steps of plant alkaloid biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:103-129. [PMID: 32745157 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids from plants are characterised by structural diversity and bioactivity, and maintain a privileged position in both modern and traditional medicines. In recent years, there have been significant advances in elucidating the biosynthetic origins of plant alkaloids. In this review, I will describe the progress made in determining the metabolic origins of the so-called true alkaloids, specialised metabolites derived from amino acids containing a nitrogen heterocycle. By identifying key biosynthetic steps that feature in the majority of pathways, I highlight the key roles played by modifications to primary metabolism, iminium reactivity and spontaneous reactions in the molecular and evolutionary origins of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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35
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Sakamoto J, Umeda Y, Rakumitsu K, Sumimoto M, Ishikawa H. Total Syntheses of (−)‐Strictosidine and Related Indole Alkaloid Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13414-13422. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukiya Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Yuhei Umeda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Kenta Rakumitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Michinori Sumimoto
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University 2-16-1, Tokiwadai Ube Yamaguchi 755-8611 Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
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36
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Sakamoto J, Umeda Y, Rakumitsu K, Sumimoto M, Ishikawa H. Total Syntheses of (−)‐Strictosidine and Related Indole Alkaloid Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukiya Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Yuhei Umeda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Kenta Rakumitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Michinori Sumimoto
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University 2-16-1, Tokiwadai Ube Yamaguchi 755-8611 Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
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37
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Kornpointner C, Berger A, Traxler F, Hadžiabdić A, Massar M, Matek J, Brecker L, Schinnerl J. Alkaloid and iridoid glucosides from Palicourea luxurians (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) indicate tryptamine- and tryptophan-iridoid alkaloid formation apart the strictosidine pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 173:112296. [PMID: 32087436 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The first phytochemical examination of extracts from leaves and stem bark of Palicourea luxurians (Rusby) Borhidi yielded two undescribed and one known alstrostine derivative together with the oxindole alkaloid javaniside as well as with 5α-carboxystrictosidine. Additionally, five iridoids and four secologanin derived isolation artifacts have been isolated. Lack of strictosidine and its follow-up metabolization products suggested that the Pictet-Spenglerase in P. luxurians does barely or not catalyze the formation of strictosidine. Against this background the biosynthesis of javaniside and 5α-carboxystrictosidine is discussed with regard to possible reaction mechanisms. Similarly, P. luxurians used an independent biosynthetic pathway to produce alstrostine type structures from secologanin and tryptamine in a 2:1 ratio. The structure of isoalstrostine A, which was isolated for the first time, allowed the refinement of a previously reported pathway to the alstrostine type carbon skeleton as well as to some follow-up metabolization products. In spite of various biosynthetic pathways incorporating secologanin to gain different types of tryptophan- and tryptamine-iridoid alkaloids, P. luxurians accumulates this compound as well a couple of further metabolized iridoids deriving from loganin and secologanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kornpointner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Traxler
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azra Hadžiabdić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Massar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna Matek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria.
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38
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Zheng C, You SL. Exploring the Chemistry of Spiroindolenines by Mechanistically-Driven Reaction Development: Asymmetric Pictet-Spengler-type Reactions and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:974-987. [PMID: 32275392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler reaction is a fundamental named reaction in organic chemistry, and it is the most straightforward method for the synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolines, a core structure embedded in numerous alkaloids. Spiroindolenines are often proposed as possible intermediates in Pictet-Spengler reactions. However, whether the spiroindolenine species is an intermediate in the mechanism of the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction remains unclear. Questions about the role of the spiroindolenine species regarding the mechanism include the following: Can the spiroindolenine species be formed effectively under Pictet-Spengler conditions? If so, what is its fate? Is the delivery of the enantioenriched tetrahydro-β-carboline product related to the spiroindolenine intermediate? Previous studies regarding these questions have not reached a consensus. Therefore, elucidating these questions will advance the field of synthetic organic chemistry.The first highly enantioselective synthesis of spiroindolenines that have the same molecular scaffold as the proposed key intermediate of the Pictet-Spengler reaction was accomplished by an Ir-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric allylic substitution reaction of an indol-3-yl allylic carbonate. In this reaction, a piperidine, pyrrolidine, or cyclopentane ring can be introduced in conjunction with the indolenine structure.Spiroindolenines were found to undergo ring-expansive migration reactions when treated with a catalytic amount of an acid, leading to tetrahydro-β-carbolines or related tetrahydrocarbazoles. Comprehensive DFT calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations have provided insight into the mechanism of the migration process. It has been found that the stereochemistry is strongly correlated with the electronic properties of the migratory group along with the acidity of the catalyst. Close interactions between the positively charged migratory group and the electron-rich indole ring favor the stereospecificity of the migration. Furthermore, a continuous mechanistic spectrum of the Pictet-Spengler reactions can be obtained on the basis of two readily accessible energetic parameters that are derived from computed energies for competing transition states relative to a key intermediate species. This theoretical model provides a unified mechanistic understanding of the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction, which has been further supported by rationally designed prototype reactions. Chemically and stereochemically controllable migration can be achieved when multiple potential migratory groups are available.The reactivity of spiroindolenines has also been explored beyond Pictet-Spengler reactions. A one-pot Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic dearomatization/stereoconvergent migration allows the facile synthesis of enantioenriched tetrahydro-β-carbolines from racemic starting materials. An unprecedented six- to seven-membered ring-expansive migration can be achieved when a vinyliminium moiety is involved as a highly reactive migratory group. This reaction facilitates the stereoselective synthesis of thermodynamically challenging indole-annulated seven-membered rings. It has also been found that the migration process can be interrupted. The electrophilic migratory group released from the retro-Mannich reaction of a spiroindolenine can be captured by an inter- or intramolecular nucleophile, thus providing new entries into structurally diverse polycyclic indole derivatives.Therefore, the mechanism of the Pictet-Spengler reaction can be probed by manipulating the reactivity of the spiroindolenine species. In turn, the mechanistic insights gained herein will aid in chemical transformations toward various target molecules. This study serves as a vivid example of the positive interplay between experimental and theoretical investigations in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lu Y, Luo M, Hu M, Li Y, Li J. Dimethyl Sulfoxide as an Oxygen Atom Source Enabled Tandem Conversion of 2‐Alkynyl Carbonyls to 1,2‐Dicarbonyls. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Mu‐Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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40
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Roddan R, Ward JM, Keep NH, Hailes HC. Pictet-Spenglerases in alkaloid biosynthesis: Future applications in biocatalysis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 55:69-76. [PMID: 31978651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pictet-Spenglerases provide a key role in the biosynthesis of many biologically active alkaloids. There is increasing use of these biocatalysts as an alternative to traditional organic synthetic methods as they provide stereoselective and regioselective control under mild conditions. Products from these enzymes also contain privileged drug scaffolds (such as tetrahydroisoquinoline or β-carboline moieties), so there is interest in the characterization and use of these enzymes as versatile biocatalysts to synthesize analogs of the corresponding natural products for drug discovery. This review discusses all known Pictet-Spenglerase enzymes and their applications as biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Roddan
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 8HX, UK; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicholas H Keep
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 8HX, UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Calcaterra A, Mangiardi L, Delle Monache G, Quaglio D, Balducci S, Berardozzi S, Iazzetti A, Franzini R, Botta B, Ghirga F. The Pictet-Spengler Reaction Updates Its Habits. Molecules 2020; 25:E414. [PMID: 31963860 PMCID: PMC7024544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler reaction (P-S) is one of the most direct, efficient, and variable synthetic method for the construction of privileged pharmacophores such as tetrahydro-isoquinolines (THIQs), tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THBCs), and polyheterocyclic frameworks. In the lustro (five-year period) following its centenary birthday, the P-S reaction did not exit the stage but it came up again on limelight with new features. This review focuses on the interesting results achieved in this period (2011-2015), analyzing the versatility of this reaction. Classic P-S was reported in the total synthesis of complex alkaloids, in combination with chiral catalysts as well as for the generation of libraries of compounds in medicinal chemistry. The P-S has been used also in tandem reactions, with the sequences including ring closing metathesis, isomerization, Michael addition, and Gold- or Brønsted acid-catalyzed N-acyliminium cyclization. Moreover, the combination of P-S reaction with Ugi multicomponent reaction has been exploited for the construction of highly complex polycyclic architectures in few steps and high yields. The P-S reaction has also been successfully employed in solid-phase synthesis, affording products with different structures, including peptidomimetics, synthetic heterocycles, and natural compounds. Finally, the enzymatic version of P-S has been reported for biosynthesis, biotransformations, and bioconjugations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Laura Mangiardi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuliano Delle Monache
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Silvia Balducci
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Simone Berardozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Roberta Franzini
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Eger E, Simon A, Sharma M, Yang S, Breukelaar WB, Grogan G, Houk KN, Kroutil W. Inverted Binding of Non-natural Substrates in Strictosidine Synthase Leads to a Switch of Stereochemical Outcome in Enzyme-Catalyzed Pictet-Spengler Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:792-800. [PMID: 31909617 PMCID: PMC6966912 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The Pictet–Spengler reaction
is a valuable route to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline
(THBC) and isoquinoline scaffolds found in many important pharmaceuticals.
Strictosidine synthase (STR) catalyzes the Pictet–Spengler
condensation of tryptamine and the aldehyde secologanin to give (S)-strictosidine as a key intermediate in indole alkaloid
biosynthesis. STRs also accept short-chain aliphatic aldehydes to
give enantioenriched alkaloid products with up to 99% ee STRs are
thus valuable asymmetric organocatalysts for applications in organic
synthesis. The STR catalysis of reactions of small aldehydes gives
an unexpected switch in stereopreference, leading to formation of
the (R)-products. Here we report a rationale for
the formation of the (R)-configured products by the
STR enzyme from Ophiorrhiza pumila (OpSTR) using a combination of X-ray crystallography, mutational, and
molecular dynamics (MD) studies. We discovered that short-chain aldehydes
bind in an inverted fashion compared to secologanin leading to the
inverted stereopreference for the observed (R)-product
in those cases. The study demonstrates that the same catalyst can
have two different productive binding modes for one substrate but
give different absolute configuration of the products by binding the
aldehyde substrate differently. These results will guide future engineering
of STRs and related enzymes for biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Eger
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry , University of Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Adam Simon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Mahima Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York YO15 5DD , U.K
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Willem B Breukelaar
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry , University of Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York YO15 5DD , U.K
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry , University of Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28 , 8010 Graz , Austria
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Qiu Y, Guo Q, Ran YQ, Lan WJ, Lam CK, Feng GK, Deng R, Zhu XF, Li HJ, Chen LP. Cytotoxic alkaloids from the marine shellfish-associated fungus Aspergillus sp. XBB-4 induced by an amino acid-directed strategy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4243-4250. [PMID: 35495265 PMCID: PMC9049147 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight different culture media were used to culture shellfish Panopea abbreviate associated fungus Aspergillus sp. XBB-4. In a glucose-peptone-yeast (GPY) culture medium supplied with amino acids, this fungus can produce chemodiversity metabolites. Four new alkaloids including three β-carboline alkaloids, aspercarbolines A–C (1–3) and one piperazinedione, asperdione A (13) along with nine known compounds were isolated. The structures were elucidated mainly based on the NMR, MS, ECD and X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. The possible biosynthetic pathways of aspercarbolines A–C (1–3) were proposed. All compounds (1–13) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines, including human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1, CNE2, HONE1 and SUNE1, and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines hepG2 and QGY7701. Cytotoxic alkaloids from marine fungus Aspergillus sp. XBB-4 induced by an amino acid-directed strategy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qiu
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Yan-Qin Ran
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Chi-Keung Lam
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Gong-Kan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Cancer Center
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510060
| | - Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Cancer Center
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510060
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Cancer Center
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510060
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Liu-Ping Chen
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
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44
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Wani IA, Goswami G, Sk S, Mal A, Sayyad M, Ghorai MK. A synthetic route to 1,4-disubstituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines and tetrahydropyranoindoles via ring-opening/Pictet–Spengler reaction of aziridines and epoxides with indoles/aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:272-287. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A route to 1,4-disubstituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines and tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indoles in high yields and stereoselectivity via SN2-type ring opening/Pictet–Spengler reaction of aziridines and epoxides with indoles is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaurav Goswami
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
| | - Sahid Sk
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
| | - Abhijit Mal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
| | | | - Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
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45
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Glinsky-Olivier N, Yang S, Retailleau P, Gandon V, Guinchard X. Enantioselective Gold-Catalyzed Pictet–Spengler Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:9446-9451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Glinsky-Olivier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Shengwen Yang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay CEDEX 91405, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, route de Saclay, Palaiseau CEDEX 91128, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay CEDEX 91405, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, route de Saclay, Palaiseau CEDEX 91128, France
| | - Xavier Guinchard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
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Gabriel P, Gregory AW, Dixon DJ. Iridium-Catalyzed Aza-Spirocyclization of Indole-Tethered Amides: An Interrupted Pictet–Spengler Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:6658-6662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Alex W. Gregory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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47
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Yue Y, Wang Z, Shao H, Zhuo K, Lv Q, Zhang Z. Metal-Free Dehydrogenative Double C–H Sulfuration To Access Thieno[2,3-b]indoles Using Elemental Sulfur. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12946-12959. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Zhixian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Huibin Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Kelei Zhuo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhang Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
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Cai Y, Shao N, Xie H, Futamura Y, Panjikar S, Liu H, Zhu H, Osada H, Zou H. Stereocomplementary Chemoenzymatic Pictet–Spengler Reactions for Formation of Rare Azepino-indole Frameworks: Discovery of Antimalarial Compounds. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nana Shao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hujun Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushi Futamura
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- ANSTO, Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Haicheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
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Rakumitsu K, Sakamoto J, Ishikawa H. Total Syntheses of (-)-Secologanin, (-)-5-Carboxystrictosidine, and (-)-Rubenine. Chemistry 2019; 25:8996-9000. [PMID: 31069870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of (-)-secologanin (1), (-)-5-carboxystrictosidine (2), and (-)-rubenine (3) were accomplished in 10, 9, and 14 steps, respectively. The key transformation in the synthesis of 1 was a sequential anti-selective organocatalytic Michael reaction/Fukuyama reduction/spontaneous cyclization to form an optically active dihydropyran ring. In addition, the secologanin tetraacetate (16), which is a potential key intermediate for the bioinspired divergent syntheses of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, was prepared in gram-scale in seven steps. The total syntheses of 2 and 3, which are classified as glycosylated monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, were achieved through bioinspired transformations such as a diastereoselective Pictet-Spengler reaction, a site- and stereoselective epoxidation, and a site-selective epoxide ring-opening followed by a lactonization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Rakumitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Jukiya Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Identification of biosynthetic genes for the β-carboline alkaloid kitasetaline and production of the fluorinated derivatives by heterologous expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:739-750. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities and are widely distributed in nature. Genetic information on the biosynthetic mechanism of β-carboline alkaloids has not been accumulated in bacteria, because there are only a few reports on the microbial β-carboline compounds. We previously isolated kitasetaline, a mercapturic acid derivative of a β-carboline compound, from the genetically modified Kitasatospora setae strain and found a plausible biosynthetic gene cluster for kitasetaline. Here, we identified and characterized three kitasetaline (ksl) biosynthetic genes for the formation of the β-carboline core structure and a gene encoding mycothiol-S-conjugate amidase for the modification of the N-acetylcysteine moiety by using heterologous expression. The proposed model of kitasetaline biosynthesis shows unique enzymatic systems for β-carboline alkaloids. In addition, feeding fluorotryptophan to the heterologous Streptomyces hosts expressing the ksl genes led to the generation of unnatural β-carboline alkaloids exerting novel/potentiated bioactivities.
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