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Saura-Sanmartin A. Synthesis of 'Impossible' Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304025. [PMID: 38168751 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
'Impossible' rotaxanes, which are constituted by interlocked components without obvious binding motifs, have attracted the interest of the mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) community. Within the synthetic efforts reported in the last decades towards the preparation of MIMs, some innovative protocols for accessing 'impossible' rotaxanes have been developed. This short review highlights different selected synthetic examples of 'impossible' rotaxanes, as well as suggests some future directions of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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2
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Nitsche S, Schmitz S, Stirnat K, Sandleben A, Klein A. Controlling Nuclearity and Stereochemistry in Vanadyl(V) and Mixed Valent VIV/VVComplexes of Oxido-Pincer Pyridine-2,6-dimethanol Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nitsche
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Simon Schmitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Kathrin Stirnat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Aaron Sandleben
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
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3
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Denis M, Pancholi J, Jobe K, Watkinson M, Goldup SM. Chelating Rotaxane Ligands as Fluorescent Sensors for Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5310-5314. [PMID: 29537728 PMCID: PMC5947674 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although metal-ion-binding interlocked molecules have been under intense investigation for over three decades, their application as scaffolds for the development of sensors for metal ions remains underexplored. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of simple rotaxanes as metal-ion-responsive ligand scaffolds through the development of a proof-of-concept selective sensor for Zn2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Kajally Jobe
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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4
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Denis M, Pancholi J, Jobe K, Watkinson M, Goldup SM. Chelating Rotaxane Ligands as Fluorescent Sensors for Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Kajally Jobe
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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5
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Wang K, Ren XW, Cui JH, Guo JS, Xing SY, Dou HX, Wang MM. Multistimuli Responsive Supramolecular Polymeric Nanoparticles Formed by Calixpyridinium and Chondroitin 4-Sulfate. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xiao-Wei Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Jian-Hua Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Jia-Shuang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Si-Yang Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Hong-Xi Dou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
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6
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Lewis JEM, Beer PD, Loeb SJ, Goldup SM. Metal ions in the synthesis of interlocked molecules and materials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:2577-2591. [PMID: 28447678 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of metal ions to template the synthesis of catenanes by Sauvage and co-workers was a pivotal moment in the development of the field of interlocked molecules. In this Review Article we shall examine the different roles metal-ligand interactions play in modern syntheses of interlocked molecules and materials, with a particular focus on seminal contributions and the advantages and disadvantages of employing metal ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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7
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Wang K, Cui JH, Xing SY, Ren XW. A hyaluronidase/temperature dual-responsive supramolecular assembly based on the anionic recognition of calixpyridinium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [PMID: 28631800 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02693e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully constructed a supramolecular assembly based on the anionic recognition of calixpyridinium for the first time employing native biocompatible polysaccharide hyaluronan as the guest, which showed hyaluronidase-responsive disassembly and temperature-responsive morphological conversion from a nanosphere to a nanosquare upon increasing the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry (Tianjin Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
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8
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Bazargan G, Sohlberg K. Advances in modelling switchable mechanically interlocked molecular architectures. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2018.1419042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bazargan
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karl Sohlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Huang F, Wang G, Ma L, Wang Y, Chen X, Che Y, Jiang H. Molecular Spur Gears Based on a Switchable Quinquepyridine Foldamer Acting as a Stator. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12106-12111. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Huang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, P.R.China
| | - Guangxia Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, P.R.China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Ying Wang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Yanke Che
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
| | - Hua Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.China
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11
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Leigh DA, Marcos V, Nalbantoglu T, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Yasar FT, Zhu X. Pyridyl-Acyl Hydrazone Rotaxanes and Molecular Shuttles. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7104-7109. [PMID: 28471662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on rotaxanes featuring a pyridyl-acyl hydrazone moiety on the axle as a photo/thermal-switchable macrocycle binding site. The pyridyl-acyl E-hydrazone acts as a hydrogen bonding template that directs the assembly of a benzylic amide macrocycle around the axle to form [2]rotaxanes in up to 85% yield; the corresponding Z-hydrazone thread affords no rotaxane under similar conditions. However, the E-rotaxane can be smoothly converted into the Z-rotaxane in 98% yield under UV irradiation. The X-ray crystal structures of the E- and Z-rotaxanes show different intercomponent hydrogen bonding patterns. In molecular shuttles containing pyridyl-acyl hydrazone and succinic amide ester binding sites, the change of position of the macrocycle on the thread can be achieved through a series of light irradiation and heating cycles with excellent positional integrity (>95%) and switching fidelity (98%) in each state.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tugrul Nalbantoglu
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Tuba Yasar
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaokang Zhu
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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12
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Yu G, Suzaki Y, Osakada K. Cationic and Neutral Rotaxanes Having Different Functional Groups in the Axle Molecule and Their Coordination to Pt II. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:372-377. [PMID: 27973709 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) forms rotaxanes with a linear molecule having a dialkylammonium group and a triazole group as well as with the acetylation product of a cationic axle molecule. The former cationic rotaxane is stabilized by multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the NH2+ and oxyethylene groups. The neutral rotaxane contains the macrocycle in the vicinity of the terminal aryl group. The co-conformation of both the cationic and neutral rotaxanes can be fixed by coordination of the triazole group of the axle molecule to PtCl2 (dmso)2 . A 1 H NMR spectroscopic study on the thermodynamics of the Pt coordination revealed a larger association constant for the rotaxanes than for the corresponding axle molecules and a larger value for the neutral rotaxane than for the cationic rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Yu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Chemistry Department, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Manila, 1108, Philippines
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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13
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Zuo Y, Yu J, Liu X, Cao P, Song P, Wang R, Xiong Y. Poly(ionic liquid)-based nanogels and their reversible photo-mediated association and dissociation. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azo-incorporated PIL nanogels can undergo reversible photo-mediated association and dissociation, and they can also be used as the building blocks to fabricate photo-responsive supramolecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Junrui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Rongmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yubing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
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14
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Lewis JEM, Winn J, Cera L, Goldup SM. Iterative Synthesis of Oligo[n]rotaxanes in Excellent Yield. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16329-16336. [PMID: 27700073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present an operationally simple iterative coupling strategy for the synthesis of oligomeric homo- and hetero[n]rotaxanes with precise control over the position of each macrocycle. The exceptional yield of the AT-CuAAC reaction, combined with optimized conditions that allow the rapid synthesis of the target oligomers, opens the door to the study of precision-engineered oligomeric interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Joby Winn
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Luca Cera
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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15
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Abstract
[4]Rotaxanes featuring three axles threaded through a single ring have been prepared through active metal template synthesis. Nickel-catalyzed sp(3)-sp(3) homocouplings of alkyl bromide "half-threads" through 37- and 38-membered 2,2':6',2″-terpyridyl macrocycles generate triply threaded [4]rotaxanes in up to 11% yield. An analogous 39-membered macrocycle produced no rotaxane products under similar conditions. The constitutions of the [4]rotaxanes were determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes were also obtained from the reactions but no [2]rotaxanes were isolated, suggesting that upon demetalation the axle of a singly threaded rotaxane can slip through a macrocycle that is sufficiently large to accommodate three threads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Danon
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - John W Ward
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jhenyi Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Zhu L, Zhu M, Zhao Y. Controlled Movement of Cucurbiturils in Host-Guest Systems. Chempluschem 2016; 82:30-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
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17
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Lewis JEM, Bordoli RJ, Denis M, Fletcher CJ, Galli M, Neal EA, Rochette EM, Goldup SM. High yielding synthesis of 2,2'-bipyridine macrocycles, versatile intermediates in the synthesis of rotaxanes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3154-3161. [PMID: 29997807 PMCID: PMC6005271 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00011h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an operationally simple approach to 2,2'-bipyridine macrocycles. Our method uses simple starting materials to produce these previously hard to access rotaxane precursors in remarkable yields (typically >65%) across a range of scales (0.1-5 mmol). All of the macrocycles reported are efficiently converted (>90%) to rotaxanes under AT-CuAAC conditions. With the requisite macrocycles finally available in sufficient quantities, we further demonstrate their long term utility through the first gram-scale synthesis of an AT-CuAAC [2]rotaxane and extend this powerful methodology to produce novel Sauvage-type molecular shuttles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E M Lewis
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - R J Bordoli
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , UK
| | - M Denis
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - C J Fletcher
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - M Galli
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - E A Neal
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , UK
| | - E M Rochette
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - S M Goldup
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
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18
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Saito S, Hirano Y, Mutoh Y, Kasama T. Synthesis of a Homochiral [2]Rotaxane from a BINOL-derived Macrocyclic Phenanthroline. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yoshihiro Hirano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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20
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Saito S, Ohkubo T, Yamazaki Y, Yokoyama T, Mutoh Y, Yamasaki R, Kasama T. A Macrocyclic Phenanthroline–Copper Complex with Less Steric Hindrance: Synthesis, Structure, and Application to the Synthesis of a [2]Rotaxane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Takanori Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yukari Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tatsuyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ryu Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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21
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Sun HL, Chen Y, Zhao J, Liu Y. Photocontrolled Reversible Conversion of Nanotube and Nanoparticle Mediated by β-Cyclodextrin Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9376-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Sun HL, Chen Y, Zhao J, Liu Y. Photocontrolled Reversible Conversion of Nanotube and Nanoparticle Mediated by β-Cyclodextrin Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Hoekman S, Kitching MO, Leigh DA, Papmeyer M, Roke D. Goldberg Active Template Synthesis of a [2]Rotaxane Ligand for Asymmetric Transition-Metal Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7656-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hoekman
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew O. Kitching
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Papmeyer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Diederik Roke
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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24
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Neal EA, Goldup SM. Competitive formation of homocircuit [3]rotaxanes in synthetically useful yields in the bipyridine-mediated active template CuAAC reaction. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2398-2404. [PMID: 29308153 PMCID: PMC5645920 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03999h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified competitive formation of doubly interlocked [3]rotaxanes as the origin of the non-linear variation in yield of [2]rotaxane with macrocycle size in the bipyridine-mediated AT-CuAAC reaction. Selection of reaction conditions gave [2]rotaxanes in essentially quantitative yield in all cases and hard to access doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes in up to 50% yield in a single, four component coupling. Based on the effect of macrocycle structure on the reaction outcome we propose a detailed mechanism of [3]rotaxane formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Neal
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , UK
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , UK .
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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26
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Zhou Q, Luo Y, Jiang H, Ye Y, Zhang Q, Dai G, Chen R. [2]Pseudorotaxanes Based on Naphtho-21-crown-7 and Secondary Dialkylammonium Salts: Remarkably Improved Association Constants Among Four Threaded Structures. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Bordoli R, Goldup SM. An efficient approach to mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4817-20. [PMID: 24559064 PMCID: PMC3977585 DOI: 10.1021/ja412715m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first method for production of mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes in excellent enantiopurity without the use of chiral separation techniques and, for the first time, unambiguously assign the absolute stereochemistry of the products. This proof-of-concept study, which employs a chiral pool sugar as the source of asymmetry and a high-yielding active template reaction for mechanical bond formation, finally opens the door to detailed investigation of these challenging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
J. Bordoli
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
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28
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Hayashi R, Wakatsuki K, Yamasaki R, Mutoh Y, Kasama T, Saito S. Synthesis of rotacatenanes by the combination of Cu-mediated threading reaction and the template method: the dual role of one ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:204-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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29
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Lin YH, Lai CC, Chiu SH. Five additional macrocycles that allow Na+ ion-templated threading of guest units featuring a single urea or amide functionality. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2907-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five analogues of the macrocycle BPX26C6 are also capable of recognizing single urea and/or amide functionalities in the presence of templating Na+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Han Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics
- China Medical University Hospital
- Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Republic of China
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30
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Winn J, Pinczewska A, Goldup SM. Synthesis of a rotaxane Cu(I) triazolide under aqueous conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13318-21. [PMID: 23971866 DOI: 10.1021/ja407446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the serendipitous isolation of a stable, neutral, monomeric mechanically interlocked Cu(I) triazolide under aqueous conditions. This "trapped" intermediate of the CuAAC catalytic cycle is sterically protected from reprotonation by the rotaxane architecture, which renders the Cu(I)-C bond stable toward moisture and air--even carboxylic acids protonate the Cu(I)-C bond only slowly. The isolation of this remarkably stable Cu(I) organometallic points toward potential applications of mechanical bonding in the study of reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Winn
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Joseph Priestly Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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31
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Ugajin K, Takahashi E, Yamasaki R, Mutoh Y, Kasama T, Saito S. Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes by the Copper-Mediated Threading Reactions of Aryl Iodides with Alkynes. Org Lett 2013; 15:2684-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400992p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ugajin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan, and Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Eiko Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan, and Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryu Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan, and Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan, and Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan, and Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan, and Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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32
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Saito S, Takahashi E, Wakatsuki K, Inoue K, Orikasa T, Sakai K, Yamasaki R, Mutoh Y, Kasama T. Synthesis of Large [2]Rotaxanes. The Relationship between the Size of the Blocking Group and the Stability of the Rotaxane. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3553-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302800t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Eiko Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kouta Wakatsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoko Orikasa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kenta Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryu Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Instrumental Analysis Research
Center for Life Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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33
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Zhu Z, Bruns CJ, Li H, Lei J, Ke C, Liu Z, Shafaie S, Colquhoun HM, Stoddart JF. Synthesis and solution-state dynamics of donor–acceptor oligorotaxane foldamers. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc00015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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34
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Sooksawat D, Pike SJ, Slawin AMZ, Lusby PJ. Acid–base responsive switching between “3+1” and “2+2” platinum complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11077-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46587j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Sugino H, Kawai H, Umehara T, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Effects of Axle-Core, Macrocycle, and Side-Station Structures on the Threading and Hydrolysis Processes of Imine-Bridged Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2012; 18:13722-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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36
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Sun WT, Huang SL, Yao HH, Chen IC, Lin YC, Yang JS. An antilock molecular braking system. Org Lett 2012; 14:4154-7. [PMID: 22853709 DOI: 10.1021/ol3018193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A light-driven molecular brake displaying an antilock function is constructed by introducing a nonradiative photoinduced electron transfer (PET) decay channel to compete with the trans (brake-off) → cis (brake-on) photoisomerization. A fast release of the brake can be achieved by deactivating the PET process through addition of protons. The cycle of irradiation-protonation-irradiation-deprotonation conducts the brake function and mimics the antilock braking system (ABS) of vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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37
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Megiatto JD, Schuster DI, de Miguel G, Wolfrum S, Guldi DM. Topological and Conformational Effects on Electron Transfer Dynamics in Porphyrin-[60]Fullerene Interlocked Systems. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012; 24:2472-2485. [PMID: 22984324 PMCID: PMC3439220 DOI: 10.1021/cm3004408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of molecular topology, and conformation on the dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer (ET) processes has been studied in interlocked electron donor-acceptor systems, specifically rotaxanes with zinc(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnP) electron donor and [60]fullerene (C(60)) as the electron acceptor. Formation or cleavage of coordinative bonds was used to induce major topological and conformational changes in the interlocked architecture. In the first approach, the tweezers-like structure created by the two ZnP stopper groups on the thread was used as a recognition site for complexation of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), which creates a bridge between the two ZnP moieties on the rotaxane, generating a catenane structure. The photoinduced processes in the DABCO-complexed (ZnP)(2)-[2]catenate-C(60) system were compared with those of the (ZnP)(2)-rotaxane-C(60) precursor and the previously reported ZnP-[2]catenate-C(60). Steady-state emission and transient absorption studies showed that a similar multistep ET pathway emerged for rotaxanes and catenanes upon photoexcitation at various wavelengths, ultimately resulting in a long-lived ZnP(•+)/C(60) (•-) charge separated radical pair state. However, the decay kinetics of the latter states clearly reflect the topological differences between the rotaxane, the catenate, and DABCO-complexed-catenate architectures. The lifetime of the long-distance ZnP(•+)-[Cu(I)phen(2)](+)-C(60) (•-) charge separated state is more than four times longer in 3 (1.03 µs) than in 1 (0.24 µs) and approaches that in catenate 2 (1.1 µs). The results clearly showed that adoption of a catenane from a rotaxane topology inhibits the charge recombination process. In a second approach, the Cu(I) ion used as template to assemble the (ZnP)(2)-[Cu(I)phen(2)](+)-C(60) rotaxane was removed, and structural analysis suggested a major topographical change occurred, such that charge separation between the chromophores was no longer observed upon photoexcitation in nonpolar as well as polar solvents. Only ZnP and C(60) triplet excited states were observed upon laser excitation. These results highlighted the critical importance of the central Cu(I) ion for long range ET processes in these large interlocked electron donor-acceptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David I. Schuster
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Gustavo de Miguel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Wolfrum
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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38
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Leigh DA, Lusby PJ, Slawin AMZ, Walker DB. Half-rotation in a kinetically locked [2]catenane induced by transition metal ion substitution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5826-8. [PMID: 22572809 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32418k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on a heterocircuit [2]catenane in which a reversible half-rotation of one ring about the other can be induced, and locked in place, by switching the coordination of the interlocked rings between Pd(II) and Co(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JJ.
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39
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Ayme JF, Lux J, Sauvage JP, Sour A. [2]Catenanes built around octahedral transition-metal complexes that contain two intertwined endocyclic but non-sterically hindering tridentate ligands. Chemistry 2012; 18:5565-73. [PMID: 22431359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sterically hindering bidentate chelates, such as 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, form entwined complexes with copper(I) and other tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal centres. To prepare octahedral complexes containing two entwined tridentate ligands and thus apply a strategy similar to that used for making catenanes with tetrahedral metal centres, the use of the classical terpy ligand (terpy=2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) appears to be attractive. In fact, 6,6''-diphenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (dp-terpy) is not appropriate due to strong "pinching" of the organic backbone by coordination to the metal and thus stable entwined complexes with this ligand cannot be obtained. Herein, we report the synthesis and coordination properties of a new family of tridentate ligands, the main features of which are their endocyclic nature and non-sterically hindering character. The coordinating fragment consists of two 8'-phenylisoquinolin-3'-yl groups attached at the 2 and 6 positions of a pyridine nucleus. Octahedral complexes containing two such entangled ligands around an octahedral metal centre, such as Fe(II) , Ru(II) or Co(III) , are highly stable, with no steric congestion around the metal. By using functionalised ligands bearing terminal olefins, double ring-closing metathesis leads to [2]catenanes in good yield with Fe(II) or Co(III) as the templating metal centre. The X-ray crystallography structures of the Fe(II) precursor and the Fe(II) catenane are also reported. These show that although significant pinching of the ligand is observed in both Fe(II) complexes, the system is very open and no steric constraints can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ayme
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, University de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR, France
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40
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Berná J, Alajarín M, Marín-Rodríguez C, Franco-Pujante C. Redox divergent conversion of a [2]rotaxane into two distinct degenerate partners with different shuttling dynamics. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20488f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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41
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Oxido-pincer complexes of copper(II) – An EXAFS and EPR study of mono- and binuclear [(pydotH2)CuCl2]n (n=1 or 2). Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Dzyuba EV, Baytekin B, Sattler D, Schalley CA. Phenanthroline- and Terpyridine-Substituted Tetralactam Macrocycles: A Facile Route to Rigid Di- and Trivalent Receptors and Interlocked Molecules. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Chambron JC, Sauvage JP. Transition metal-templated synthesis of catenanes and rotaxanes. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Beves JE, Blight BA, Campbell CJ, Leigh DA, McBurney RT. Strategien und Taktiken für die metallgesteuerte Synthese von Rotaxanen, Knoten, Catenanen und Verschlingungen höherer Ordnung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Beves JE, Blight BA, Campbell CJ, Leigh DA, McBurney RT. Strategies and tactics for the metal-directed synthesis of rotaxanes, knots, catenanes, and higher order links. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9260-327. [PMID: 21928462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
More than a quarter of a century after the first metal template synthesis of a [2]catenane in Strasbourg, there now exists a plethora of strategies available for the construction of mechanically bonded and entwined molecular level structures. Catenanes, rotaxanes, knots and Borromean rings have all been successfully accessed by methods in which metal ions play a pivotal role. Originally metal ions were used solely for their coordination chemistry; acting either to gather and position the building blocks such that subsequent reactions generated the interlocked products or by being an integral part of the rings or "stoppers" of the interlocked assembly. Recently the role of the metal has evolved to encompass catalysis: the metal ions not only organize the building blocks in an entwined or threaded arrangement but also actively promote the reaction that covalently captures the interlocked structure. This Review outlines the diverse strategies that currently exist for forming mechanically bonded molecular structures with metal ions and details the tactics that the chemist can utilize for creating cross-over points, maximizing the yield of interlocked over non-interlocked products, and the reactions-of-choice for the covalent capture of threaded and entwined intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
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46
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47
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Barran PE, Cole HL, Goldup SM, Leigh DA, McGonigal PR, Symes MD, Wu J, Zengerle M. Active-Metal Template Synthesis of a Molecular Trefoil Knot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12280-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Fahrenbach AC, Stoddart JF. Reactions under the Click Chemistry Philosophy Employed in Supramolecular and Mechanostereochemical Systems. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2660-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Cheng HM, Leigh DA, Maffei F, McGonigal PR, Slawin AMZ, Wu J. En route to a molecular sheaf: active metal template synthesis of a [3]rotaxane with two axles threaded through one ring. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12298-303. [PMID: 21721508 DOI: 10.1021/ja205167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report that a 2,2':6',2″-terpyridylmacrocycle-Ni complex can efficiently mediate the threading of two alkyl chains with bulky end groups in an active metal template sp(3)-carbon-to-sp(3)-carbon homocoupling reaction, resulting in a rare example of a doubly threaded [3]rotaxane in up to 51% yield. The unusual architecture is confirmed by X-ray crystallography (the first time that a one-ring-two-thread [3]rotaxane has been characterized in the solid state) and is found to be stable with respect to dethreading despite the large ring size of the macrocycle. Through such active template reactions, in principle, a macrocycle should be able to assemble as many axles in its cavity as the size of the ring and the stoppers will allow. A general method for threading multiple axles through a macrocycle adds significantly to the tools available for the synthesis of different types of rotaxane architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Man Cheng
- The School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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50
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Lahlali H, Jobe K, Watkinson M, Goldup SM. Macrocycle size matters: "small" functionalized rotaxanes in excellent yield using the CuAAC active template approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4151-5. [PMID: 21462287 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Lahlali
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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